peer monitoring
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The focus of the research is the application of the Peer Monitoring Book (PMB) method as a solution to overcome the students procrastination behaviour during Covid-19 pandemic. The research was carried out in Daarunnajah Boarding School of MAN 1 Magelang, Central Java. The approach used is a mixed mrthod that combines quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data collection technique used are questionaires, and for qualitative data use interviews and observations.The results showed that the application of the Peer Monitoring Book (PMB) method was effective and helped overcome the procrastination behavior of students at Daarunnajaah Girls Dormitory MAN 1 Magelang during the Covid-19 pandemic. Evidenced by the increased discipline of students in collecting school assignments.Fokus penelitian adalah penerapan metode Peer Monitoring Book (PMB) sebagai solusi mengatasi perilaku prokrastinasi siswa di masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Asrama Putri Daarunnajaah MAN 1 Magelang Jawa Tengah. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah campuran (mixed method) yang menggabungkan antara pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data secara kuantitatif yang digunakan adalah angket atau kuesioner, sedangkan untuk kualitatif menggunakan wawancara dan observasi.Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode Peer Monitoring Book (PMB) efektif dan membantu mengatasi perilaku prokrastinasi siswa di Asrama Putri Daarunnajaah MAN 1 Magelang selama pandemi Covid-19. Dibuktikan dengan meningkatnya kedisiplinan siswa dalam mengumpulkan tugas-tugas sekolah.

In the present study we explored the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework, a theoretical structure identifying processes leading to effective online learning, within one particular learning context. Drawing from research supporting the significance of three presences—teaching, social, cognitive presence—we add to a line of research on a potential fourth presence, learner presence. We employed a mixed-method approach to investigate learner perceptions, thoughts, and actions in MBA online/blended courses. Stimulated recall interviews with individual learners regarding their course experience highlighted three qualities of the learners’ presence in their courses: intentions, metacognition, and peer monitoring. They also pointed to ways in which certain facets of the three CoI presences supported these qualities. The findings prompted questions for further CoI research investigating learner presence and suggested implications for learner-centered course design and online instruction. 

This study aims (1) to describe the pattern of handling victims of bullying in SMP Negeri Kediri District, West Lombok Regency (2) to identify obstacles in the handling of victims of bullying in SMP Negeri students in Kediri District, Regency. West Lombok. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach. The research location was carried out in SMPs throughout Kediri District, West Lombok Regency. Determination of informants using snowball sampling. Data collection methods are depth interviews), observation and documentation. The Research Result have been analyzed so that it is obtained: (1) conducting information selection (supporting network). (2) conducting the mentoring or peer monitoring stage. (3) make use of peer group or peer befriending. (4) conduct counseling and mediation. (5) conduct socialization and control, namely efforts to provide the understanding and continuous monitoring of victims of bullying.

This chapter seeks to code the milestones on the epic journey of central banking from the initial conditions, through the transition, to modern policy and practice today, in a global context and Kenyan perspective. It is argued that although developments in economic theory, evidence, and policy have entrenched the robustness of central banking today, some unresolved issues persist: the issue of central bank independence; exchange rate regime outcomes in natural resource rich countries; bank regulation is still at the crossroads; the challenges presented by globalization and convergence of banking systems are real. The chapter concludes with a futurology of central banking: the future of bank regulation cannot ignore peer monitoring and market discipline; the primary mandate of central banks should be price stability but with some flexibility to respond to extraordinary circumstances; and central bank independence (personnel, financial, and policy independence) is critical for modern central banks.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether managers punish more and work harder in teams with peer monitoring when it is less costly to punish in a two-period, one-shot horizon. Design/methodology/approach An experiment is conducted in a two-period horizon with two treatments. The structure of performance measures makes it costless or costly to punish in the second period. Findings The results find punishing, contingent on first-period strategies, was significantly greater when it was costless compared to costly, as expected. Working, which is analogous to cooperating in prisoner dilemma games, was also significantly greater in the first and second periods when punishing was costless. Practical implications This paper is informative about the potential benefits of performance measures in dynamic team environments, which can be challenging and costly to develop. It adds insight into the design of self-discipline and tasks in teams which might help increase productivity. Originality/value This paper is related to the research on indefinite horizons, which attributes increases in cooperation to the existence of subgame perfect strategies to cooperate and potential gains from future cooperation. In comparison, this study examines the effects of the existence of subgame perfect strategies to work in isolation from the potential gains from future interactions. In addition, it examines whether their potential benefits depend on the cost of punishing when punishing is subgame perfect in a one-shot horizon.