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Aim: Assess the knowledge and behavior of Lebanese parents when it comes to melanoma and its prevention in children. Methods: A survey, to be completed by parents, was sent through children from three schools. Results: During sun exposure only 23.5% of 1012 respondents were always covering enough areas of their children's skin and 74.1% did not always apply sunscreen to their children. Parents of private school children were three times more likely to apply sunscreen to their children when exposed to sun, four times more likely to reapply sunscreen every 2–3 h and 21 times more likely to use a higher sun protection factor. Conclusion: Sun protection in children is insufficient and sunburns are frequent, illustrating the need for melanoma awareness campaigns.

Day camps are a powerful context for youth development. The American Camp Association and Leave No Trace have been integral in supporting youth development by identifying outcomes associated with participation in outdoor recreation. Recreation majors in the programming class used the camp as a service-learning component of the class that offered them valuable hands-on experience in program design, program facilitation, working with youth, and program evaluation. Therefore, this study evaluated the impact of camp on identified youth outcomes. The outdoor recreation camp was a partnership from a private school and local university. The Youth Outcomes Battery provided measures that focus on common outcomes (e.g., affinity for nature). Thirty-one of the 32 campers completed the retrospective questionnaire. The sample was 61% female, with an average age of 9 years. On a scale of 1 to 10, campers scored a 9.32 on Level of Enjoyment. Findings show that over 50% of the campers learned “a little” or “a lot” about the desired outcomes (e.g., affinity for nature). This work provides an example of an evidence-based nature camp.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods by Brazilian adolescents. Methods: The sample was representative of adolescents and participants in the cross-sectional population-based study National Survey of School Health, 2015 edition (PeNSE-2015). A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The variable weekly consumption of ultra-processed foods was considered, and consumption more than seven times a week was considered excessive. Descriptive and inferential analyses of demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral and environmental characteristics potentially associated with the outcome were performed. Poisson's multiple regression model was adjusted to control for confounding factors. Results: The prevalence of excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods among 16,324 adolescents in Brazil was 75.4%. Nine factors independently associated with this outcome were identified: age under 15 years (RR 1.08; p<0.001), daily sitting time greater than four hours (RR 1.13; p<0.001), eating while watching TV or studying more than four days a week (RR 1.09; p<0.001), daily TV time greater than three hours (RR 1.08; p<0.001), breakfast frequency less than four days a week (RR 1,03; p=0.001), having a cell phone (RR 1.12; p<0.001), absent maternal education (RR 0.88; p<0.001), being enrolled in a private school (RR 1.05; p=0.002) located in the urban area (RR 1.13; p=0.002). Conclusions: The results express the multifactorial characteristic of excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods and suggest the need for the development and implementation of health policies to guide the consumption of these foods and the importance of adopting healthy behaviors for this population group in both school and home environments.

This study aims to determine differences in emotional and social intelligence assessment between public and private school students using Android-based PKES (Penilaian Kecerdasan Emosional-Sosial or Social-Emotional Intelligence Assessment) application in strengthening student character during the pandemic. This survey study with a quantitative approach was analyzed using a comparative model. The subjects were 120 parents and students of public and private elementary schools in Yogyakarta chosen by purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and Likert scale tests with the PKES application and analyzed by t-test. It reveals that state elementary school students' emotional and social intelligence emphasizes the psychomotor aspect or good behavior with the habituation method. Meanwhile, private elementary school students emphasize the cognitive aspect of character knowledge through the lecture method. The affective aspect of social-emotional intelligence in public and private elementary schools is still low. Students have not been trained to feel the good character impact with various methods, so good behavior will not last until they are old because it has not been embedded in their hearts. Different tests with t-test obtained 0.378>0.05, so the difference is insignificant. The emotional and social intelligence of public and private elementary school children during the pandemic is not much different. Because students study at home during the pandemic, their character is more influenced by parents than teachers. It implies that parents and teachers should more often train students to feel happy doing good deeds, so good character is embedded in the heart and lasts for a long time.

Introduction: Dental caries, an infectious microbiologic disease of dental hard tissues is a global public health problem. It affects people of all ages with the highest priority risk group being school-going children. Objective: This study was done to assess the prevalence of dental caries in the 3-14 years old school children of Chitwan and to compare it across genders, age groups and school groups. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2018 to May 2018 where WHO criteria was used to examine and calculate DMFT and dft (decayed filled teeth) indices among 360 school children. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 20. Statistical significance was determined using independent t-test and ANOVA test. Results: The prevalence of the dental caries was found to be 85.83% with mean DMFT of 3.01 ± 2.24 among school children of Chitwan. Caries prevalence was higher in females compared to males, and in government schools compared to private school. Caries experience was highest in middle childhood group 7-12 years (89.20%, mean “DMFT+dft” 3.56 ± 2.33) followed by late childhood group of 13-14 years (84.72%, mean DMFT 2.68 ± 1.95) and early childhood group of 3-6 years (77.33%, mean dft 1.76 ± 1.60) and the differences were statistically significant. The difference in caries experience between private and government school groups as well as in male and female children was not statistically significant. 82.7% of the children had untreated caries while only 5.83% had filled teeth in their mouth. Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries was higher in middle childhood group and higher percentage of untreated decays, calls for the need of immediate preventive as well as curative interventions.

Multimedia in learning could make the learning atmosphere more attractive for student attention and student interactions. The objectives of this research were: (1) describe the use of multimedia learning by elementary school teachers in Kendari City; (2) analyze the comparison of the use of multimedia learning in terms of school accreditation by the teacher at elementary school in Kendari City; (3) analyze aspects of obstacles in the use of multimedia learning for elementary school teachers in Kendari City. This research used mixed methods with a sequential exploratory strategy held at the Kendari City Elementary School. The school sample was determined using the random cluster sampling technique selecting 3 schools from 11 sub-districts. Each sub-district took 2 accredited A and non-A public schools and 1 accredited private school so that the total respondents were 66 people. Research data was collected through observation forms and interviews. The results of this research showed that: (1) multimedia learning use by primary school teachers in Kendari City was still good; (2) there was a meaningful comparison of the use of multimedia learning by elementary school teachers in Kendari City in terms of school accreditation; (3) aspects of barriers to the use of multimedia learning by primary school teachers in Kendari City include: (a) teachers 'lack competence in IT, (b) teachers' misconceptions about learning multimedia, (c) the lack of support structures and infrastructures, (d)) the lack of training on multimedia learning means, (e) the lack of involvement of the educational software used by teachers to support learning activities.

This study aims at exploring the impact of remittance on women's education while employing descriptive cum cross sectional research design. For this purpose, conveniently Raghuganga Rural Municipality, Ward no. 3, (Mauwaphant area), Myagdi District of Gandaki Province and to well represent the universe, 19 households were randomly selected receiving the remittance. Fieldwork method including in-depth interviews, semi-structured questionnaires, focus group discussion, key informants interview, and case study were the basic tools used in this study for obtaining the primary data which were then analyzed by using simple statistical tools such as tabulation, classification, frequency and percentage. The study argues that remittance raises school enrollment, school completion rate, and private school enrolment and thus improving the educational status of women in general and girls in particular in comparison to the past and have brought the qualitative change in children’s educational status. It concludes that remittance can lift budget constraints, thereby providing children in remittance-receiving households the opportunity to go to school and finally directly benefits the households. Wrapping up, this type of study is pertinent as it would attract public attention in terms of policy that could lead to extensive positive policy initiatives for more detailed discussions and their productive usages for crucial policy concern in Nepal.

INTRODUCTION: Intestinal parasites cause significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in the tropics including Nepal. The main objective of this study was to explore the burden of intestinal parasitic infections among children in 5 different primary schools in Bhairahawa, Nepal. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional comparative study among 408 children from 5 schools in Bhirahawa, Nepal. Stool specimens collected in a plastic container were transported to microbiology laboratory in Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital (UCMSTH) immediately. Each sample was examined macroscopically and microscopically for the evidence of parasitic infection. All samples were re-analysed by sedimentation and floatation concentration techniques one after another. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of the parasitic infection was 46.5%. The prevalence varied by the methods that included routine microscopy (23.2%), sedimentation (41.6%) and flotation (8.3%). Ascaris lumbricoides was the most common (29.1%) parasite followed by Entamoeba histolytica (6.1%). Mixed infection was also seen in 7.8% of the samples. Factors such as children’s academic year, age, religion, existing illness, household water sources, meat consumed, domestic animals at house, and recent history of taking anti-helminthics were significantly associated with the intestinal parasitic infections. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was higher in public school (61.1%) compared to private school (37%). Male students had slightly more infections (47.3%) than females (45.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Enteric parasitic infection was very high among the primary schools’ students in Bhairahawa, Nepal. Integrating concentration techniques in routine test can help to detect most of the enteric parasites in stool specimens.

Cancer, as a disease, has found a place in the social imaginary. Individuals construct ideas based on pre-established discourses—be they medical, media, or popular—which often hinder its prevention. Educational interventions have tended to focus on spreading information about the disease, ignoring its social connotations. The objective of the present study is to investigate the concept of cancer prevention in 980 adolescents, aged between 12 and 18 years, attending primary and secondary school in three public schools and one private school in the metropolitan region of São Paulo and the municipality of Dom Viçoso, Minas Gerais. The notion of prevention implies the dominant feeling of performing medical examinations from a symptom, against the idea of preventing, even when there is no clinical manifestation of the body. The majority of students emphasize the advantages of early diagnosis and that the decisive factor for the cure corresponds to the moment of detection: "cancer must be discovered in time". This is a solid belief within the body of knowledge about the disease that can be used as a starting point in prevention messages. However, even when the importance of early detection of cancer is understood as an essential element for its cure, care practices do not accompany the set of principles that regulate prevention or its demands.