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    Fraunhofer Diffraction

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    Kshitij Gulati
    Fresnel diffraction the source of light and screen are in general at a finite distance from the diffracting aperture. Fraunhofer diffraction the source and screen are at infinite distance from the aperture.

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    Fraunhofer Diffraction

    Uploaded by

    Kshitij Gulati
    15 views4 pages
    Fresnel diffraction the source of light and screen are in general at a finite distance from the diffracting aperture. Fraunhofer diffraction the source and screen are at infinite distance from the aperture.

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    Fresnel diffraction the source of light and screen are in general at a finite distance from the diffracting aperture. Fraunhofer diffraction the source and screen are at infinite distance from the aperture.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views4 pages

    Fraunhofer Diffraction

    Uploaded by

    Kshitij Gulati
    Fresnel diffraction the source of light and screen are in general at a finite distance from the diffracting aperture. Fraunhofer diffraction the source and screen are at infinite distance from the aperture.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Fraunhofer Diffraction

    Spreading out of wave when it passes through small opening of size comparable to wavelength is known as diffraction.

    Categories:
    1. Fresnel diffraction
    The source of light and screen is in general at a finite distance from the diffracting aperture.

    2. Fraunhofer diffraction
    The source of light and screen are at infinite distance from the aperture. This is easily achieved by placing the source on the focal plane of convex lens and placing screen on the focal plane of another convex lens.

    Diffraction and Interference inseparable :

    Fraunhofer Diffraction:
    Single-Slit diffraction pattern:

    b Now,
    b=n ,

    And

    Conditions for maxima and minima:

    Secondary Maxima
    Light Page 1

    Secondary Maxima

    Double-Slit diffraction pattern:


    Field due to 2 silts,

    At point p,

    b d P

    b Interference part

    Diffraction part Conditions for maxima and minima: Minima(=0)

    Or

    Maxima

    Or

    N-Slit diffraction pattern:

    Field at point P,

    Where,

    Light Page 2

    Interference part

    Diffraction part

    Conditions for maxima and minima: Maxima

    Where,

    Such maxima are called Principle maxima. At these maxima the fields produced by each of the slits are in phase and, therefore they add up and the resultant field is N times the field produced by each of the slits. Minima(=0)

    or

    Between 2 principle maxima we have (N-1) minima. Thus between 2 such consecutive minima the intensity has to have a maximum; known as Secondary Maxima.

    Missing Orders:

    And Or

    Width of Principle Maxima :

    Is known as angular half -width. Of mth order principal maximum.


    For large value of N,

    Light Page 3

    Which shows that the principal maximum becomes sharper as N increases.

    Diffraction Grating:

    d= grating element (opacity +transparency)

    Dispersive Power:

    Circular diffraction:
    Angular spread of the beam is approx. given by:

    Resolving Power:
    Resolving power refers to the power of distinguishing two nearby spectral lines. Rayleigh Criterion:
    If the principal maximum corresponding to the wavelength falls on the first minimum (on the either side of the principal maximum) of another wavelength , the 2 wavelengths are said to be just resolved.

    And
    Thus,

    Compiled By: Ashir Mittal (Student) Mechanical Dept. Thapar University, Patiala

    Light Page 4

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