HowtoUsethisModule....................................................................................................... Introduction.......................................................................................................................... TechnicalTerms.................................................................................................................... LearningOutcome#1.......................................................................................................... 1 InformationSheet#11....................................................................................................... 2 OperationSheet#11.......................................................................................................... 6 LearningOutcome#2.......................................................................................................... 8 InformationSheet#2.1....................................................................................................... 9 ActivitySheet#2.1............................................................................................................ 10 LearningOutcome#3........................................................................................................

13 JobSheet

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Welcome to the Module Terminating and Connecting Electrical Wiring and Electronic Circuits. This module contains training materials and activities for you to complete. The unit of competency Terminate and Connect Electrical Wiring and Electronic Circuits contains knowledge, skills and attitudes required for a Computer Hardware Servicing NC II course. You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete each of the learning outcomes of the module. In each learning outcome there are Job Sheets, and Activity Sheets. Follow these activities on your own and answer the Self-Check at the end of each learning activity. If you have questions, do not hesitate to ask your teacher for assistance. Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) You may already have some of the knowledge and skills covered in this module because you have: o been working for some time o completed training in this area. If you can demonstrate to your teacher that you are competent in a particular skill or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally recognized so you do not have to do the same training again. If you have a qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous trainings show it to your teacher. If the skills you acquired are still current and relevant to this module, they may become part of the evidence you can present for RPL. If you are not sure about the currency of your skills, discuss it with your teacher. After completing this module ask your teacher to assess your competency. Result of your assessment will be recorded in your competency profile. All the learning activities are designed for you to complete at your own pace. Inside this module you will find the activities for you to complete followed by relevant information sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning outcome may have more than one learning activity. HARDWARESERVICING PC
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Program/Course Unit of Competency Module : : : Computer Hardware Servicing NC II Terminate and Connect Electrical Wiring and Electronic Circuits Terminating and Connecting Electrical Wiring and Electronic Circuits

INTRODUCTION
Thismodule contains information andsuggestedlearningactivitiesonComputerHardware Servicing NC II. It includes the following competencies: plan and prepare for termination/ connections of electrical wiring/electronic circuits, terminate/connect electrical wiring/electronic circuits,andtesttermination/connectionsofelectricalwiring/electroniccircuits. It consists of three (3) learning outcomes. Each learning outcome contains learning activities supported by each instructional sheet. Upon completion of this module, report to your teacher to assess your achievement of knowledge and skills requirement of this module. If you pass the assessment,youwillbegivenacertificateofcompletion.

SUMMARYOFLEARNINGOUTCOMES: LO1. LO2. LO3. REFERENCES: 1. Agpaoa,Feliciano,InteriorandExteriorWiringTroubleshooting,NationalbooksStore,1991 2. Enriquez, Michael, Simple Electronics (Basic) Fully Illustrated, Antonio M. Andes Sr. ElectronicsBookSeries 3. www.electronicslab.com 4. www.wikipedia.com Uponcompletionofthemoduleyoushouldbeableto: Planandprepareforterminationandconnectionofelectricalwiringandelectroniccircuits. Terminateandconnectelectricalwiringandelectroniccircuits. TestTerminationandconnectionofelectricalwiringand/electroniccircuit.

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Voltage The measure of the push on each electron which makes the electron move. The term potential difference and voltage are often used interchangeably to mean the push, thus, you may see the term electromotive force (EMF) or just the word potential to describe the electronpushincertaininstances.

Current Resistance Power Resistor Adevicedesignedintentionallytohaveadefiniteamountof Therateofdoingwork. Theoppositiontocurrentflow. Theflowofelectronsinthecircuit.

resistance Capacitor Adevicethatstoreselectricalenergy.

Termination
OHS

- The point where a line, channel or circuit ends.

OccupationalHealthandSafety

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Program/Course UnitofCompetency Module#3 : ComputerHardwareServicingNCII : TerminateandConnectElectricalWiringandElectronic Circuits : TerminatingandConnectingElectricalWiringandElectronic Circuits LearningOutcome1:PlanandPrepareforTerminationandConnectionofElectrical WiringandElectronicCircuits

AssessmentCriteria: 1. 2. 3. 4. Materialsarecheckedaccordingtospecificationsandtask. Appropriatetoolsandequipmentareselectedaccordingtotaskrequirements. TaskisplannedtoensurethatOHSguidelinesandproceduresarefollowed. Electricalwiringelectronicscircuitsareappropriatelypreparedforconnection/ terminationinaccordancewithinstructionsandworksiteprocedure. References: 1. Agpaoa, Feliciano, Interior and Exterior Wiring Troubleshooting, National books Store,1991 2. Enriquez, Michael, Simple Electronics (Basic) Fully Illustrated, Antonio M. Andes Sr. ElectronicsBookSeries 3. Cardenas, Elpidio, Fundamentals and Elements of Electricity, National Book Store, 1991 4. www.wikipedia.com

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DirectCurrentandAlternatingCurrent DirectCurrentorDCisthefirsttypeofcurrentbecauseitwaseasytoproduce.Thistypeof current always flows in one direction. One of the disadvantages of using DC is the excessive voltagedrop andpower loss in the power linesina long distance transmission. Batteries are commonsourcesofdirectcurrent. Alternating Current or AC is the solution to the problem of DC. AC allows the flow of current in two directions. Today, it is possible to stepup electricity, a power station, transmit it to anydistantplaceandstepitdowntoforconsumption.Atransformeristhedeviceusedfor steppingup or steppingdown AC voltage. Common sources of AC are found in our AC outlet(Typically,220volts,inthePhilippines).
ACandDCWaveForm

OHMSLAWANDPOWERLAW Ohms law states that, for a constant current, the current in a circuit is directly proportional to the total voltage acting in the circuit and inversely proportional to the totalresistanceofthecircuit. HARDWARESERVICING PC
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ThelawmaybeexpressedbythefollowingequationifthecurrentIisinamperes,EMFEis involts,andtheresistanceRisinohms. The relationship of the foregoing three variables was discovered by Georg Simon Ohm, who theorized that current is in direct proportion to resistance. The relationship is explainedalgebraically,usingthisformula: where:
Resistance Voltage

R = E/I

E=IxR

I = E/R
Current

E EMF in Volts R Resistance I Current in Amperes

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A. PracticeProblems: 1.
I=? E=25V Required R=25 G. I H. P

2.
I=9A E=? Required E. E F. P

R=72

I=25A E=?

Required P=100W C. R D. E

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3.
I=4.5A E=? Required A. E B. R

P=350W

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ASimplecircuitcontainstheminimumthingsneededtohaveafunctioningelectric circuit.Asimplecircuitrequiresthefollowing: AC/DCsource EquipmentthatwilloperateoneitheranACorDCpowersource Battery A dc voltage source containing two or more cells that convert chemicalenergytoelectricalenergy. Cell Single unit used to convert chemical energy into a DC electrical voltage. FUSE Onceyoudesignasimplecircuitonelectronics,it isimportanttoincludea fuse in the primary or secondaryofatransformer. Fuse is a safety device used to protect an electrical circuit from the effect of excessive current. Its essential component is usually a strip of metal that will melt at a given temperature. A fuse is so designed that the strip of metal can easily be placed in the electric circuit. If the current in the circuit exceed a predeterminedvalue,thefusiblemetalwillmeltandthusbreak,oropen thecircuit. A fuse is usually rated in Amperes, which represent the maximum continuouscurrentitcouldhandlewithoutblowing. The most popular type of fuse in Electronics is 3AG type. This code describes the case size and material where G indicates a glass materials and A indicates that intended for automotive application. A 3AGfusemeasuresapproximately32mmx6mm.

WiresandCable A wire is a single slender rod or filament of drawn metal. This definition restricts the term to what would ordinarily be understood as solid wire. The word slender is used because the length of a wire is usually large when compared to its diameter. If a wire is covered with insulation, It is an insulated wire. Although the term wire properly refers to themetal,italsoincludestheinsulation. A conductor is a wire suitable for carrying anelectriccurrent.

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A stranded conductor is a conductor composed of a group of wire or any combination of group of wires. The wires in a stranded conductor are usually twistedtogetherandnotinsulatedfromeachother. A cable is either a stranded conductor (singleconductor cable) or a combination of conductors insulated from one another (multipleconductor cable). The term cable is a general one and usually applies only to the large sizes of conductor. A small cable is more often called a stranded wire or cord (such as that used for an iron or a lamp cord). Cables may be bare or insulated. Insulatedcablesmaybesheathed(covered)withlead,orprotectivearmor. Switchanditsfunction Switch is a device used to break an electric current or transfer it to another conductor. Switches are commonly used to open or close a circuit. Closed is the ON position, while open is OFF position. Normally, switch is installed in series with the line carrying current from thepowersourcetotheload. A switch is a mechanical device used to connect and disconnect a circuit at will. Switches cover a wide range of types, from subminiature up to industrial plant switching megawatts of power on high voltagedistributionlines. Switch is a manually operated device capable of making, breaking, or changing the connection in an electronics or electrical circuit. A switch connected in series with one of the connecting wires of simple circuit affords a means of controllingthecurrentinthecircuit. Switchfunction o When the switch is closed, the electron finds an interrupted path in the circuit. o OpenistheOFFpositionoftheswitch,whileclosedistheONposition. o When the switch is opened, the current delivered by the power supply is normally insufficient to jump the switch gap in the form of an arc and the electronflowinthecircuitisblocked.

Load a source drives a load. Whatever component or piece of equipment is connectedtoasourceanddrawscurrentfromasourceisaloadonthatsource. o Thefollowingareexamplesbutnotlimitedto: Bulb Appliances

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I. ClassificationsofElectronicComponent A. Passive devices A Passive Device is one that contributes no power gain (amplification) to a circuit or system. It has no control action and does not requireanyinputotherthanasignaltoperformitsfunction.Inotherwords, "A component with no brains!" Examples are Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors. RESISTOR Thisisthemostcommoncomponentinelectronics. It is used mainly to control current and voltage within the circuit. You can identify a simple resistor by its simple cigar shape with a wire lead coming out of each end. It uses a system of color coded bands to identify the value of the component (measuredinOhms)

It is charged with a magnetic field and when that field collapses it produces current in the opposite direction. Inductors are used in Alternating Current circuitstoopposechangesintheexistingcurrent. Capacitors, or "caps", vary in size and shape from a small surface mount model up to a huge electric motor cap the size of paint can. Whatever the size or shape, the purpose is the same. It stores electricalenergyintheformofelectrostaticcharge.

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B. Active Devices are components that are capable of controlling voltages or currents and can create a switching action in the circuit. In other words, "Devices with smarts!" Examples are Diodes, Transistors and Integrated circuits. Diodes are basically a oneway valve for electrical current. They let it flow in one direction (from positivetonegative)andnotintheotherdirection. Most diodes are similar in appearance to a resistor andwillhaveapaintedlineononeendshowingthe direction or flow (white side is negative). If the negative side is on the negative end of the circuit, current will flow. If the negative is on the positive sideofthecircuitnocurrentwillflow. LEDs are simply diodes that emit light of one form or another. They are used as indicator devices. Example: LED lit equals machine on. They come in several sizes and colors. Some even emit Infrared Lightwhichcannotbeseenbythehumaneye.

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The transistor is possibly the most important invention of this decade. It performs two basic functions. 1) It acts as a switch turning current on and off. 2) It acts as an amplifier. This makes an output signal that is a magnified version of the inputsignal. Integrated Circuits, or ICs, are complex circuits inside one simple package. Silicon and metals are used to simulate resistors, capacitors, transistors, etc.Itisaspacesavingmiracle.

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ELECTRONICSCHEMATICSYMBOLS

Wiresandconnections Component Wire CircuitSymbol FunctionofComponent Topasscurrentveryeasilyfromonepartof acircuittoanother. A'blob'shouldbedrawnwherewiresare connected(joined),butitissometimes omitted.Wiresconnectedat'crossroads' shouldbestaggeredslightlytoformtwoT junctions,asshownontheright. Incomplexdiagramsitisoftennecessaryto drawwirescrossingeventhoughtheyare notconnected.Ipreferthe'bridge'symbol shownontherightbecausethesimple crossingontheleftmaybemisreadasa jointwhereyouhaveforgottentoadda 'blob'!

Wiresjoined

Wiresnotjoined

PowerSupplies/Source Component CircuitSymbol FunctionofComponent Supplieselectricalenergy. Thelargerterminal(ontheleft)ispositive(+). Asinglecellisoftencalledabattery,but strictlyabatteryistwoormorecellsjoined together. Supplieselectricalenergy.Abatteryismore thanonecell. Thelargerterminal(ontheleft)ispositive(+). Supplieselectricalenergy. DC=DirectCurrent,alwaysflowinginone direction.

Cell

Battery

DCsupply

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ACsupply

Supplieselectricalenergy. AC=AlternatingCurrent,continuallychanging direction. Asafetydevicewhichwill'blow'(melt)ifthe currentflowingthroughitexceedsaspecified value. Twocoilsofwirelinkedbyanironcore. Transformersareusedtostepup(increase) andstepdown(decrease)ACvoltages.Energy istransferredbetweenthecoilsbythe magneticfieldinthecore.Thereisnoelectrical connectionbetweenthecoils. Aconnectiontoearth.Formanyelectronic circuitsthisisthe0V(zerovolts)ofthepower supply,butformainselectricityandsome radiocircuitsitreallymeanstheearth.Itisalso knownasground.

Fuse

Transformer

Earth (Ground)

OutputDevices/Loads:Lamps,Heater,Motor Component CircuitSymbol FunctionofComponent Atransducerwhichconvertselectrical energytolight.Thissymbolisusedfora lampprovidingillumination,forexamplea carheadlamportorchbulb. Atransducerwhichconvertselectrical energytolight.Thissymbolisusedfora lampwhichisanindicator,forexamplea warninglightonacardashboard. Atransducerwhichconvertselectrical energytoheat. Atransducerwhichconvertselectrical energytokineticenergy(motion).

Lamp(lighting)

Lamp(indicator)

Heater

Motor

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Bell

Atransducerwhichconvertselectrical energytosound.

Buzzer Inductor (Coil,Solenoid) Switches Component PushSwitch (pushto make) PushtoBreak Switch OnOffSwitch (SPST) CircuitSymbol

Atransducerwhichconvertselectrical energytosound.

Acoilofwirewhichcreatesamagneticfield whencurrentpassesthroughit.Itmayhave anironcoreinsidethecoil.Itcanbeused asatransducerconvertingelectricalenergy tomechanicalenergybypullingon something.

FunctionofComponent Apushswitchallowscurrenttoflowonlywhenthe buttonispressed.Thisistheswitchusedtooperatea doorbell. Thistypeofpushswitchisnormallyclosed(on);itis open(off)onlywhenthebuttonispressed. SPST=SinglePole,SingleThrow. Anonoffswitchallowscurrenttoflowonlywhenit isintheclosed(on)position. SPDT=SinglePole,DoubleThrow. A2waychangeoverswitchdirectstheflowof currenttooneoftworoutesaccordingtoitsposition. SomeSPDTswitcheshaveacentraloffpositionand aredescribedas'onoffon'.

2waySwitch (SPDT)

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DualOnOff Switch (DPST) Completethetablebelow:

DPST=DoublePole,SingleThrow. Adualonoffswitchwhichisoftenusedtoswitch mainselectricitybecauseitcanisolateboththelive andneutralconnections.

A. Identifyeachofthesesymbols: COMPONENTS 1. 2. 3. 4. SYMBOLS

5.

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B. Identifythefollowingbasicelectroniccomponents COMPONENT 1. 2. 3. 4. FIGURE

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A simple circuit contains the minimum things needed to have a functioning electric circuit SourceadeviceusedtosupplyACorDCvoltage Consuminganydevicethatconsumesvoltage,whatevercomponentorpieceof equipment that is connected to a source and draws current from a source is a loadonthatsource. Controlling any device having two states, on (closed) or off (open). Ideally havingzeroimpedancewhenclosedandinfiniteimpedancewhenopen. Protectinga component used to open the circuit when current exceeds a predeterminedmaximumvalue. Connecting a material that conducts electric current very well and used to connectacompletepathforcurrent.
source
CONTROLLING

CONSUMING

Connecting device

ProcedureinCircuitDesigning 1. Prepareallthetoolsandmaterialsneeded. 2. Byusingschematicsymbol,makeasimplecircuitwiththefollowing: a. load b. consumingdevice c. protectingdevice d. consumingdevice e. connectingdevice 3. Make sure that the circuit has the following requirement that a simplecircuitmusthave: a. Asourceofelectricalpotentialdifferenceorvoltage. b. A conductive path which would allow for the movementofcharges. c. Anelectricalresistancewhichislooselydefinedasany objectthatuseselectricitytodowork. 4. Test the designed circuit by comparing it with the sample circuit producedbyyourteacher.

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A.Fillintheblankswithwhatisreferredtobyeachofthefollowing. 1._______________________ Interconnection of components which provides an electricalpathbetweentwoormorecomponents. 2._______________________ Atypeofcircuitinwhichtheflowofcurrentiscutoff. 3._______________________ A circuit in which the components are connected from end to end so that the current has only one path to followthroughthecircuit. 4._______________________ A circuit where there is more than one path for the currenttoflowthrough. 5._______________________ AdeviceusedtosupplyACorDCvoltage. 6._______________________ Anydevicehavingtwostates,ONorOFF. 7._______________________ Asafetydeviceusedtoprotectanelectricalcircuit fromtheeffectofexcessivecurrent. 8._______________________ pathwayforcarryinganelectricalcurrent. 9._______________________ Components or pieces of equipment connected to a source whichdrawscurrentfromasource. 10._______________________ A DC voltage source containing two or more cells that convertchemicalenergytoelectricalenergy.

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A. 1. Connectthetestprobetotheappropriatejack. Theredtestprobetothepositive(+)jackandtheblacktothecommon()jack. 2. Checkifthepointerrestsexactlyattheinfinitezeropositioninohmmeterrange.

InitialStepsinUsingAnalogMultitester

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3. Checktheprobesiftheyareincondition.(Ohmmetercalibration) a. SettheMultitestertocorrespondingselectorresistancerange. b. Shortthetwotestprobesleadtogether.

Thepointershoulddeflect towardszeroohmreading

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Adjust the ohm adjustment if the pointer could not rest exactly at O ohm reading.

Zero ohm

B.

As indicated, the pointer rests out of the range of ohmmeter scale. Adjust the ohm adjustment counter clockwise until the pointer rests O ohm reading.

ResistanceMeasurements 1. AlwaysdotheInitialStepsinUsingAnalogMultitester. 2. In testing resistors, capacitors, diodes etc. do not touch both test probe lead, because our body also has resistance that could affect the reading value of the electroniccomponentswearetesting. 3. If you do not know the value of the resistor to be measured, find the ohmmeter selectorsettinguntilyouhaveaclearreadingintheohmmeterscale.
OhmmeterScale (FrominfinitetoZero) InfiniteResistance openresistorOpen connectionor

Ohm Adjustment

OhmmeterSelector Range (x1,x10,x1K,x10K ohms)

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4. Selectthedesiredresistancerangescalewithselectorswitch. HARDWARESERVICING PC
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Testinga55Kohmresistance Range:x10Kohm

Thepointerstopsat5.5inx10K rangeonselectorswitch

Testinga55Kohmresistance Range:x1Kohm

The setting (x1K in 56K Ohm resistor) is not an advisablesettingintesting55Kohmsresistance.Because, the pointer stops somewhere in 50. You cannot clearly readtheresistancevalue,unlikeinx10Kohmsetting.

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