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4 Symmetrical Components

The document discusses symmetrical components and sequence networks. It covers: 1. Definitions of positive, negative, and zero sequence components and how to determine them using a graphical method. 2. The relationship between unbalanced phasors and symmetrical components using a transformation matrix. 3. Developing sequence networks for synchronous machines, transformers, and power systems by assembling the individual sequence networks. 4. Key properties of sequence networks including that zero sequence impedance is much larger than positive and negative, and examples of solving for symmetrical components and power in a system.

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2K views

4 Symmetrical Components

The document discusses symmetrical components and sequence networks. It covers: 1. Definitions of positive, negative, and zero sequence components and how to determine them using a graphical method. 2. The relationship between unbalanced phasors and symmetrical components using a transformation matrix. 3. Developing sequence networks for synchronous machines, transformers, and power systems by assembling the individual sequence networks. 4. Key properties of sequence networks including that zero sequence impedance is much larger than positive and negative, and examples of solving for symmetrical components and power in a system.

Uploaded by

virenpandya
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NIRMA UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
B. Tech. Sem. V
2EE303: Electrical Power System – II
UNIT – 1: Symmetrical Components -I
1. Introduction
2. Definition of symmetrical components
- positive sequence components
- negative sequence components
- zero sequence components
3. Graphical method of determining, sequence components
4. Significance of operator α and its properties
5. Relationship between unbalanced phasors and symmetrical components.
i.e.
Va = Va1 + Va2 + Va0
Vb = Vb1 + Vb2 + Vb0
Vc = Vc1 + Vc2 + Vc0
Again Vb1 = α2 Va1 Vb2 = α Va2 Vb0 = Va0
Vc1 = α Va1 Vc2 = α Va2
2
Vc0 = Va0
Hence
Va  1 1 1 Va1 
Vb  ∝ 2 ∝ 1 Va 2  ---------------------(1)
 = 
Vc   ∝ ∝ 2 1 Va0 

i.e Vp = AVs
6. Relationship between symmetrical components and unbalanced phasors.
Vp = AVs
A-1 Vp = A-1 AVs
∴ Vs = A-1Vp
Hence

Va1  1 ∝ ∝2  Va 
Va  1 1 ∝ 2 ∝
 Vb 
 2 = 3   
Va0  1 1 1  Vc 

UNIT - 2 Symmetrical Components - II
Example 1: A delta connected load is connected across an unbalanced 3-phase supply. If IA =
10∠30° A and I B = 15∠-60° A, find the symmetrical components. Also find the symmetrical components of
delta currents. Comment .
[IA1 = 14∠42° A, IA2 = 4.65∠248° A, IA0 = 0,IAB1 = 8∠72° , IAB2 = 2.7∠218° , IAB0 = 0]
Example 2: Prove that the three line voltages Vab, Vbc and Vca will have no zero-sequence component.
Example 3: Prove that neutral current can flow only if zero sequence current exists.
Example 4: A balanced star – connected load takes 150 A from a balanced 3-phase 4-wire supply.
If the fuses in two of the lines are removed, find the symmetrical components of the
line currents before and after the fuses are removed.
[Ia1 = 50∠0° A, Ia2 = Ia0 = 0, Ia1 = Ia2 = Ia0 = 50∠0° A]
UNIT – 3 Symmetrical Components - III
1. Absence of zero- sequence components
- line voltage in 3-phase system
- Line currents in 3- phase, 3 – wire systems
2. Power in terms of symmetrical components
S = VaIa* + VbIb* + VcIc*
= 3Va1Ia1* + 3Va2Ia2* + 3Va0Ia0*
= sum of symmetrical component powers
3. Example :
Given Va0 = 30∠-30° V, Va1 = 450∠0° V, Va2 = 225∠40° V
Ia0 = 10∠190° A, Ia1 = 6∠20° A, Ia2 = 5∠50° A
Determine the complex power represented by these voltages and currents by (i) symmetrical
components (ii) unbalanced phase components
[S = 10245.78 – j 2777.9] VA
4. Sequence impedances of a transmission line.
- equal positive and negative sequence impedance
- zero – sequence impedance much larger than the positive (or negative) sequence impedance
Comment: sequence equations are in decoupled form

UNIT: 4 Sequence Networks of Synchronous Machines and Transformers


1. Sequence network of a synchronous machine

- Va1 = Ea – Ia1Z1 - Va2 = -Ia2Z2


- Positive sequence network - Negative sequence network

-
- Va0 = - Ia0Z0 when Z0 = Zg0 + 3Zn
- Zero – Sequence network

2. sequence impedances of transmission line


Z1 = Z2
Z0 = Z l0 + 3Zg 0
Z l 0 = Zero – Sequence impedance of a line
Zg 0 = Ground impedance
3. Zero-sequence networks of a transformer
Rules for developing zero sequence network of a transformer

1. Series switch of a particular side is closed if it is star connected with neutral grounded
2. Shunt switch of a particular side is closed if that side is delta connected
Exercise: Develop Zero – sequence networks for various type of transformer connections

UNIT: 5 Sequence Networks of a Power System


1. Assembly of sequence networks of a power system
2. Draw sequence networks of a power system given below
3. Example=Develop-sequence network of a given power system

Gen 1 : 25MVA, 11kV, X1 = 0.2, X2 = 0.15, X0 = 0.03 pu


Gen 2 : 15MVA, 11kV, X1 = 0.2, X2 = 0.15, X0 = 0.05 pu
Syn. Motor 3 : 25MVA, 11kV, X1 = 0.2, X2 = 0.2, X0 = 0.1 pu
Transformer1: 25MVA, 11 ∆ / 120 Y kV, X = 10%
Transformer2: 12.5MVA, 11 Y/ 120 ∆ kV, X = 10%
Transformer3: 10MVA, 120 Y/ 11 ∆ kV, X = 10%
Choose a base of 50MVA, 11 KV in the circuit of generator.
Note: Zero sequence reactance of each line is 250% of its positive sequence reactance.

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