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Power System Simulation Using ETAP: Prof. Viren B. Pandya Asst. Prof. (EED) L. D. College of Engg. Ahmedabad-380015

This presentation explains aspects of power system modelling and simulation. Moreover it deals with different controls of isolated generator and their controls to to augment power system stability briefly.

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virenpandya
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
271 views

Power System Simulation Using ETAP: Prof. Viren B. Pandya Asst. Prof. (EED) L. D. College of Engg. Ahmedabad-380015

This presentation explains aspects of power system modelling and simulation. Moreover it deals with different controls of isolated generator and their controls to to augment power system stability briefly.

Uploaded by

virenpandya
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Power System Simulation Using ETAP

Prof. Viren B. Pandya Asst. Prof. (EED) L. D. College of Engg. Ahmedabad-380015

*Introduction *Modeling of Synchronous Generators *Modeling of Transformer, Transmission line *Load Modeling *ALFC & AVR Modeling, Simulation & Analysis *Load Flow Simulation & Analysis *Short Circuit Simulation & Analysis *Stability Studies *Power System State Estimation
Viren B. Pandya

*Current

scenario of power system: large dimensionality of interconnections, complexity and problems pertaining to stability *Need for contemporary approach to study and assess power system performance *Accurate modeling of power system components *Use of simulation packages (like ETAP, NEPLEN, MiPOWER, PSCAD, Dig-Silent, SKM) * Deployment of FACT devices at EHV levels
Viren B. Pandya

*What is modeling and simulation?


* To
express physical device/ equipment /system in terms of mathematical expressions containing various parameters/variables (e.g. V, I, P, Q, S, f etc.) so as to make computer understand its typical behavior / characteristics. * Simulation is the process of solving these modeled equations on digital computer with proper programming methods for predicting behavior of system under some typical given situations.

Viren B. Pandya

*The

most crucial component of power system

*Turbo-alternators and Hydro-generators *Mathematical modeling requires Parks


transformations (dq0) to be used

*For load flow analysis classical model is used


i.e. Constant voltage source in series with synchronous impedance/reactance

Viren B. Pandya

Viren B. Pandya

* IEEE

classification synchronous machine models for computer simulation * Model (0.0): Classical model of synchronous machine neglecting flux decay and damper winding * Model (1.0): Field Circuit model with no damper windings and only field winding on d-axis is considered. * Model (1.1): field circuit with only one equivalent damper on qaxis. * Model (2.1): field circuit with one equivalent damper on d-axis and one damper on q-axis. * Model (2.2): field circuit with one equivalent damper on d-axis and two dampers on q-axis. * Model (3.2): field circuit with two dampers on d-axis and two dampers on q-axis * Model (3.3): field circuit with two dampers on d-axis and three dampers on q-axis.
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Viren B. Pandya

* Transformer is modelled as an impedance in percentage (pu x


100) value

* Load Tap Changer settings to be specified


i.e. taps need to be given in terms of min. and max. tap in % of rated kV alongwith total no. of taps available

Viren B. Pandya

Viren B. Pandya

* There are two ways to model it for large system study i.e. T
and

* In all software packages is preferred.


Why?

Viren B. Pandya

*Three

static loads: Constant power, constant impedance, constant current load model: synchronous motors induction motor,

*Dynamic

*Composite load modeling


Constant impedance P Constant current

Constant power

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* Need for generator controllers * P-f control loop: ALFC * Q-V control loop: AVR

Viren B. Pandya

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Viren B. Pandya

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Viren B. Pandya

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Load/Demand variation

Power signal from PI controller

Speed governing system

Non-reheat turbine

Power system

Frequen. error output

Speed reg./Droop

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Time domain response of frequency error for unit step load


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Drooping Characteristics Viren B. Pandya

of Speed Governing System or primary ALCF loop characteristics

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Load frequency control loop with PI controller


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Time domain response of frequency error for unit step load with PI controller
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TWO AREA control

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Time domain response of frequency error for TWO AREA control


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* To brace control on terminal voltage of synchronous generator * Reactive power control * Q-V loop controller * Various excitation systems like DC, controlled and
uncontrolled rectifier type Brushless excitation systems with automatic voltage regulators

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DC Excitation System
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Brushless Rotating Rectifier Excitation System


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Modeling steps for brushless excitation system without compensation

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* To

mitigate small signal oscillations in generator rotor by controlling its excitation using an auxiliary signal to decrease rotor oscillation

* Produces component of electrical torque in such a phase so as * Frequency range is 0.1 to 2.0 Hz * For small signal stability simulation

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*Steady

state analysis of power system with solution of non-linear algebraic equation (static load flow equations) keeping total generation and load constant.

*Methods: GS, Accelerated GS, NR, FDLF *Classical Model approach *Data required for different models *Swing, voltage controlled and MVAr controlled
buses
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* Symmetrical

and IEEE * Use of Zbus * To determine fault level in terms of MVAshortcircuit

and Unsymmetrical faults, simulation as per IEC

MVA shortcircuit

MVA b Z pu
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Viren B. Pandya

* It

is the ability of the dynamic power system to remain in synchronism under normal operating condition & to regain an acceptable equilibrium state after being subjected to perturbation. * Broad classification according to IEEE has been taken here.

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* It

is the ability of the dynamic power system to remain in synchronism under normal operating condition & to regain an acceptable equilibrium state after being subjected to perturbation. * Broad classification according to IEEE has been taken here.

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* Power System Stability by Edward Wilson Kimbark

* Power System Stability and Control by P. S. Kundur


* Power System Dynamics by K. R. Padiyar * Power System Operation and Control by Halder and Chakrabarti * EEE Committee Report, Computer Representation of Excitation
System, IEEE Trans. on PAS, Vol. PAS-87, No. 6, June 1968.

* IEEE Committee Report, Dynamic Models for Steam and Hydro


Turbines in Power System Studies, IEEE Trans. on PAS, Vol. PAS-92, No. 6, Nov./Dec. 1973.
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