PARTNER ALTERNATORS Excitation and regulation systems

SHUNT - PMG - AREP

4124 en - 2012.02 / b

SHUNT excitation for basic applications

- The AVR power supply voltage is shunted on the alternator output terminals. - The voltage reference is shunted on the same output terminals. - The AVR generates and regulates the excitation current as a function of the alternator output voltage. The SHUNT system is extremely simple in its design and is ideal for basic applications. It cannot tolerate high overloads and does not offer a short-circuit capability. Stator winding Diodes

Armature

Rotor Field winding winding

AVR A.C. D.C.

PMG excitation for demanding applications

The main alternator is the same design as that used with SHUNT excitation. - The AVR power supply voltage is generated by a permanent magnet generator (PMG) which is mounted on the shaft extension behind the alternator. The PMG delivers constant voltage which is independent of the main alternator winding. - The voltage reference is shunted on the alternator output terminals. Whatever the load, the AVR therefore delivers an excitation current suitable for this load, depending on how the voltage reference changes. The PMG system therefore has a high overload capacity (load impact or starting electric motors) which can short-circuit (300% - 10 s) in order to provide discriminating protection: Voltage build-up is intrinsic because of the permanent magnets. It is particularly suitable for demanding applications. The PMG system improves the performance of a SHUNT system. Stator winding Diodes Armature PMG

Rotor Field winding winding

AVR A.C. D.C.

AREP excitation for demanding applications/Patented by Leroy-Somer

The AVR power supply voltage comes from 2 independent auxiliary windings located in the main stator: - The voltage delivered by the first auxiliary winding H1 is proportional to the alternator output voltage (shunt characteristic). - The voltage delivered by the second auxiliary winding H3 is proportional to the current drawn by the alternator and is a function of the applied load (compound characteristic booster effect). - The resulting phase-to-phase voltage supplies power to the AVR. This power supply to the AVR power circuit is independent of the voltage sensing measured on the alternator output terminals. Therefore, the excitation current delivered by the AVR to the alternator exciter is independent of any voltage distortions (harmonics) due to the load. The AREP system gives the alternator a high overload capacity (load impact or starting electric motors) and a short-circuit capability (300% - 10 s) in order to provide discriminating protection: the alternator with AREP excitation is shorter than the one with PMG excitation. It is particularly suitable for demanding applications. Stator winding Diodes Armature

Rotor winding

Field winding

AVR A.C. D.C.

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Excitation system selection chart

SHUNT Motor starting capacity Short-circuit capability Susceptibility to non-linear loads Number of components Possibility of conversion Alternator length Price Stator design Voltage build-up Basic No Maximum Minimum Yes (PMG) Minimum Standard Residual magnetism (remanent) Basic backup Telecom AREP High 300%/10 s Minimum Minimum Yes (PMG) Minimum Special Residual magnetism (remanent) Marine, industry, construction, hospitals, banks, standard production Optimal SHUNT + PMG High 300%/10 s Minimum Maximum Yes (Shunt) Maximum Standard Permanent magnets Marine, industry, construction, hospitals, banks, standard production Reduced: an additional turning part

Applications

Lifetime

Optimal

Voltage U (%)
Un Permanent voltage drop 90%

T UN H S

AREP PMG

100%
Low overload

200% 250% 300% 180%

Load as a %

High overload - Short-circuit

Excitation system varies depending on the type of alternator

Type of excitation SHUNT AREP PMG PMI* LSA alternator type range 40 42.3 43.2 44.2 46.2 option 47.2 option option 49.1 50.2 51.2 53.1 54

*For better voltage build-up, permanent magnets are inserted in the the exciter poles (standard in 50.2, 51.2, 53.1 and 54).

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Analog or digital voltage AVRs depending on customer requirements

Leroy-Somer AVRs benefit from all Leroy-Somers experience in the electronics field. They have been designed to comply with market requirements in terms of characteristics, performance, conformity with standards and reliability. Their main characteristics are as follows: - Simple, user-friendly user interfaces - Power switching transistor offers an optimum response to interference generated by distorting loads - Voltage regulation 0.5% in steady state with rapid response time (< 500 ms) - Optimised mechanical design for resistance to vibration and harsh environments, with coated electronic circuits - Conformity with IEC 60034-1 and UL 508

Analog AVRs with digital regulation function

R200 range for SHUNT excitation: simplicity itself - Single-phase voltage sensing - Underspeed protection by U/f (R220) or U/f and LAM (R250) function R400 range for SHUNT, PMG and AREP excitation types: performance - Single-phase voltage sensing - Excitation ceiling setting - Underspeed protection by U/f and LAM function - Parallel operation between alternators with CT - Parallel operation with the mains with CT and R726 module - Three-phase sensing in R450T version or with R731 module - Overload protection with R450 version

Digital AVRs
D500 range for SHUNT, PMG and AREP excitation types: performance communication - EASYREGTM parameter-setting and supervision program with user-friendly interface - Single-phase or three-phase voltage sensing - Adjustable underspeed protection by adjustable U/f and LAM function - Stator overvoltage protection - Built-in parallel operation between alternators and with the mains - Basic version with USB serial communication (Bluetooth as an option) - Advanced version with BUS mode communication (PRPRIO LAN, CAN OPEN)

Systems that help take account of load impact/load shedding are built into Leroy-Somer AVRs
U/f function - Load impacts taken into account - Instant response from the AVR below the underspeed threshold - Gradual voltage return to rated voltage LAM function - Load Acceptance Module - Reduction in voltage drop and duration of speed variation of the diesel engine - Possible increase in the applied load for the same speed variation - Adaptive tuning LAM for load impacts > 60%
UN
0.9 with LAM
(U/f) without LAM

Voltage UN U/f 0.85 UN

Underspeed and LAM

P2

Voltage

LAM

48 or 57.5 Hz

50 or 60 Hz

fC

fN

Transient voltage drop

Load on the shaft (kW)

fN
0.9 Time 0 1s 2s 3s 0.8 0

Max. speed drop

with LAM

LAM

Variation in the load

0.8

without LAM 1s 2s

Time 3s 0

Load shedding due to LAM

1s 2s Time 3s

Comparison of U/f and LAM system performance

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Excitation and Regulation matched for optimised performance

AVRs for SHUNT excitation

Type of AVR R220 R250 R450 Module Digital R726 R731 D510 option* option option option option LSA alternator type range 40 42.3 option option option option option option option option option option option option option option option option 43.2 44.2 46.2 47.2 49.1 50.2 51.2 53.1 54

AVRs for PMG excitation

Type of AVR R438 R450 R449 Module Digital R726 R731 D510 option* option* option* option option option option option option option option option option option option option option option option option option option option option LSA alternator type range 40 42.3 43.2 44.2 option option option option option option option option option 46.2 47.2 49.1 50.2 51.2 53.1 54

AVRs for AREP excitation

Type of AVR R438 R450 R449 Module Digital R726 R731 D510 option* option* option* option option option option option option option option option option option option option option option option option option option option option LSA alternator type range 40 42.3 43.2 44.2 option option option option option option option option option 46.2 47.2 49.1 50.2 51.2 53.1 54

*mounted externally

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R s e a u
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Contact

INDE LEROY-SOMER C/O EMERSON ELECTRIC CO. ITALIE LEROY-SOMER SPA JAPON LEROY-SOMER DIVISION EMERSON Japan Ltd. MAROC CARREFOUR INDUSTRIEL ET TECHNOLOGIQUE PAYS-BAS LEROY-SOMER NEDERLAND B.V POLOGNE FZN MARBAISE LS

www.leroy-somer.com

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4612 fr - 2010.11 / a