Hydraulic&Pneumatics

Aircraft Hydraulic & Pneumatic Power System
presented by Dr.-Ing.Pongpan Kaewjinda
Aircraft Hydraulics & Pneumatic Power System

1. PASCALS LAW 2. THE QUATITY OF FLUID 3. HYDRAULIC BASIC SYSTEM 4. HYDRAULIC POWER SYSTEM 5. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM COMPONENT 6. ACCUMULATOR
HYDRAULIC & PNEUMATIC Dr.-Ing.Pongpan Kaewjinda 2
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

- Early aircraft ere equipped with flight controls and system that were connected directly to the cockpit control. - It becomes necessary to operate system remotely, as the aircraft become more complex (Ex. Brake system).
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
HYDRAULIC & PNEUMATIC
Dr.-Ing.Pongpan Kaewjinda

- Instead of pushrods and cable, hydraulic pressure was used to solve routing problems (at least for primary system). - Todays aviation maintenance technician must be familiar with principle of hydraulic and pneumatic system.
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

Fluid based systems using liquids as transmission media are called hydraulic systems (from the Greek words hydra for water and aulos for a pipe; descriptions which imply fluids are water although oils are more commonly used).

Gas-based systems are called Pneumatic systems (from the Greek pneumn for wind or breath). The most common gas is simply compressed air. Although nitrogen is occasionally used.

The main advantages and disadvantages of pneumatic or hydraulic systems both arise out of the different characteristics of low density compressible gases and (relatively) high density incompressible liquids.

A pneumatic system, for example, tends to have a 'softer' action than a hydraulic system which can be prone to producing noisy and wear inducing shocks in the piping.

A liquid-based hydraulic system, however, can operate at far higher pressures than a pneumatic system and, consequently, can be used to provide very large forces.
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To compare the various advantages and disadvantages of pneumatic and hydraulic systems, the following two sections consider how a simple lifting task could be handled by each.
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The task considered is how to lift a load by a distance of about 500 mm. Such tasks are common in manufacturing industries.
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A hydraulic system A solution along hydraulic lines is shown in Figure
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A hydraulic linear actuator suitable for this application is the ram, shown schematically in Figure. This consists of a movable piston connected directly to the output shaft.
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If fluid is pumped into pipe A the piston will move up and the shaft will extend; if fluid is pumped into pipe B, the shaft will retract. Obviously some method of retrieving fluid from the non-pressurised side of the piston must be incorporated.
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The maximum force available from the cylinder depends on fluid pressure and cross sectional area of the piston. This is discussed further in a later section but, as an example, a typical hydraulic pressure of 150 bar will lift 150 kg cm-2 of piston area. A load of 2000 kg could thus be lifted by a 4.2cm diameter piston.

A suitable hydraulic system is shown in Figure. The system requires a liquid fluid to operate; expensive and messy and, consequently, the piping must act as a closed loop, with fluid transferred from a storage tank to one side of the piston, and returned from the other side of the piston to the tank.
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Fluid is drawn from the tank by a pump which produces fluid flow at the required 150 bar. Such high pressure pumps, however, cannot operate into a dead-end load as they deliver constant volumes of fluid from input to output ports for each revolution of the pump shaft.

With a dead-end load, fluid pressure rises indefinitely, until a pipe or the pump itself fails. Some form of pressure regulation, as shown, is therefore required to spill excess fluid back to the tank.
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Cylinder movement is controlled by a three position changeover valve. To extend the cylinder, port A is connected to the pressure line and port B to the tank. To reverse the motion, port B is connected to the pressure line and port A to the tank.
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In its centre position the valve locks the fluid into the cylinder (thereby holding it in position) and dead-ends the fluid lines (causing all the pump output fluid to return to the tank via the pressure regulator).
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There are a few auxiliary points worthy of comment. First, speed control is easily achieved by regulating the volume flow rate to the cylinder (discussed in a later section). Precise control at low speeds is one of the main advantages of hydraulic systems.
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Second, travel limits are determined by the cylinder stroke and cylinders, generally, can be allowed to stall at the ends of travel so no over-travel protection is required.
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- Third, the pump needs to be turned by an external power source; almost certainly an AC induction motor which, in turn, requires a motor starter and overload protection. - Fourth, hydraulic fluid needs to be very clean, hence a filter is needed to remove dirt particles before the fluid passes from the tank to the pump (Filter needed!).

One final point worth mentioning is that leaks of fluid from the system are unsightly, slippery (hence hazardous) and environmentally very undesirable A major failure can be catastrophic.
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A pneumatic system The Figure below shows the components of a pneumatic system.
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The basic actuator is again a cylinder, with maximum force on the shaft being determined by air pressure and piston cross sectional area.
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Operating pressures in pneumatic systems are generally much lower than those in a hydraulic systems; 10 bar being typical which will lift 10 kg cm-2 of piston area, so a 16 cm diameter piston is required to lift the 2000 kg load specified in the previous section.

Pneumatic systems therefore require larger actuators than hydraulic systems for the same load.
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The valve delivering air to the cylinder operates in a similar way to its hydraulic equivalent. One notable difference arises out of the simple fact that air is free; return air is simply vented to atmosphere.
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Air is drawn from the atmosphere via an air filter and raised to required pressure by an air compressor (usually driven by an AC motor). The air temperature is raised considerably by this compressor.
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Air also contains a significant amount of water vapour. Before the air can be used it must be cooled, and this results in the formation of condensation So, the air compressor must be followed by a cooler and air treatment unit.
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Compressibility of a gas makes it necessary to store a volume of pressurised gas in a reservoir, to be drawn on by the load. Without this reservoir, a slow exponential rise of pressure results in a similar slow cylinder movement when the valve is first opened. The air treatment unit is thus followed by an air reservoir.

Hydraulic systems require a pressure regulator to spill excess fluid back to the tank, but pressure control in a pneumatic system is much simpler. A pressure switch, fitted to the air reservoir, starts the compressor motor when pressure falls and stops it again when pressure reaches the required level.

Comparisons of hydraulic and pneumatic system
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Primary Unit
Any measurement system requires definition of the four units used to measure: (primary) 1. length 2. mass; 3. time; 4. temperature; Of these, hydraulic/pneumatic engineers are primarily concerned with the first three.
Secondary Unit
Other units (such as velocity, force, pressure) can be defined in terms of these basic units. Velocity, for example, is defined in terms of length/time.
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Fundamental mechanical units
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Advantages of Hydraulic System as power source

1.Work is done by moving an incompressible fluid 2.Lighter Weight 3.Ease of installation 4.Simplification of inspection
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Advantages of Hydraulic System as power source

5. Minimum Maintenance requirements 6. Almost 100% efficient with negligible loss due to fluid friction 7. Ability to transmit a high pressure through a small volume of liquid .remote control
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PRESSURE
Pressure occurs in a fluid when it is subjected to a force. In Figure a force F is applied to an enclosed fluid via a piston of area A. This results in a pressure P in the fluid.
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PRESSURE
Obviously increasing the force increases the pressure in direct proportion. Less obviously, though, decreasing piston area also increases pressure. Pressure in the fluid can therefore be defined as the force acting per unit area, or:
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PRESSURE
Pressure is defined as a normal force exerted by a fluid per unit area. We speak of pressure only when we deal with a gas or a liquid.
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PRESSURE
Since pressure is defined as force per unit area, it has the unit of newton per square meter (N/m2), which is called a pascal (Pa). That is, 1 Pa = 1 N/m2
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PRESSURE
The pressure unit pascal is too small for pressures encountered in practice. Therefore, its multiples kilopascal (1 kPa = 103 Pa) and megapascal (1 MPa = 106 Pa) are commonly used.
PRESSURE
Three other pressure units commonly used in practice, especially in Europe, are - bar, - standard atmosphere, - kilogram-force per square centimeter:
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PRESSURE
1 bar = 105 Pa = 0.1 MPa = 100 kPa 1 atm = 101,325 Pa = 101.325 kPa = 1.01325 bars
1 kgf/cm2 = 9.807 N/cm2 = 9.807x104 N/m2 = 9.807 x 104 Pa
= 0.9807 bar = 0.9679 atm

PRESSURE
Within the accuracy of instrumentation generally found in industry 1 bar =1 atmosphere.
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PRESSURE
In the English system, the pressure unit is pound-force per square inch (lbf/in2, or psi), and 1 atm = 14.696 psi.
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PRESSURE
The actual pressure at a given position is called the absolute pressure, and it is measured relative to absolute vacuum (i.e., absolute zero pressure). In thermodynamics we are concerned with absolute pressure.
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PRESSURE
Most pressure-measuring devices, however, are calibrated to read zero in the atmosphere and so they indicate the difference between the absolute pressure and the local atmospheric pressure. This difference is called the gage pressure. Gauge pressure = absolute pressure atmospheric pressure.
PRESSURE
Pressures below atmospheric pressure are called vacuum pressures and are measured by vacuum gages that indicate the difference between the atmospheric pressure and the absolute pressure.
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PRESSURE
Absolute, gage, and vacuum pressures are all positive quantities and are related to each other by Pgage = Pabs - Patm Pvac = Patm - Pabs
PRESSURE
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PRESSURE
EXAMPLE: Absolute Pressure of a Vacuum Chamber A vacuum gage connected to a chamber reads 5.8 psi at a location where the atmospheric pressure is 14.5 psi. Determine the absolute pressure in the chamber.
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PRESSURE
Solution The gage pressure of a vacuum chamber is given. The absolute pressure in the chamber is to be determined. Analysis The absolute pressure is easily determined from Pabs = Patm - Pvac 14.5 - 5.8 = 8.7 psi
PRESSURE
There are three distinct ways in which pressure is measured. Almost all pressure transducers or transmitters measure the pressure difference between two input ports. This is known as differential pressure,
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PRESSURE
The pressure transmitter in Figure below indicates a pressure of P1- P2 (Differential pressure).
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PRESSURE
In Figure, the low pressure input port is open to atmosphere, so the pressure transmitter indicates pressure above atmospheric pressure. This is known as gauge pressure, and is usually denoted by a g suffix (e.g. psig).
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PRESSURE
Gauge pressure measurement is almost universally used in hydraulic and pneumatic systems
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PRESSURE
The Figure shows the pressure transmitter measuring pressure with respect to a vacuum. This is known as absolute pressure and is of importance when the compression of gases is considered.
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PRESSURE
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PRESSURE
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Pascal's law
Pressure in an enclosed fluid can be considered uniform throughout a practical system. There may be small differences arising from head pressures at different heights, but these will generally be negligible compared with the system operating pressure. This equality of pressure is known as Pascal's law.
PRESSURE
This is illustrated in Figure where a force of 5 kgf is applied to a piston of area 2 cm2. This produces a pressure of 2.5 kgf cm-2 at every point within the fluid, which acts with equal force per unit area on the walls of the system.
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PRESSURE
In Figure a load of 2000 kg is sitting on a piston of area 500 cm2. The smaller piston has an area of 2 cm2. An applied force f given by"
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PRESSURE
It should be noted that pressure in, say, a cylinder is determined solely by load and piston area in the steady state, and is not dependent on velocity of the piston once a constant speed has been achieved.
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PRESSURE
Relationships between force, pressure, flow and speed are illustrated in Figure.
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PRESSURE
In Figure a), fluid is delivered to a cylinder at a rate of Q cm 3s -1.
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PPRESSURE
When the inlet valve is first opened, a pressure spike is observed as the load accelerates, but the pressure then settles back to a steady value of P = F/A kgf cm-2 where A is the area of the piston in cm 2 and F is measured in kgf. The load rises with a velocity V = Q/A cm s-1 and velocity can obviously be controlled by adjusting flow rate Q.
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PRESSURE
In Figure b, the inlet valve has been closed, and the outlet valve opened allowing R cm3 s -1 to flow out of the cylinder. There is again a pressure spike (negative this time) as the load accelerates downwards, but the pressure reverts to P = F/A once the steady speed V = R/A cm s -1 is achieved.
PRESSURE
Finally, in Figure c both valves are open. The net flow is (Q-R) giving a cylinder velocity (Q-R)/A which can be positive (rising) or negative (falling) dependent on which flow is the largest. The steady state pressure, however, is unchanged at P = F/A.
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
PASCALS LAW
Pressure = Force Area

PASCALS LAW
How much pressure will be needed to produce a force of 1,000 pounds if the piston has an area of 2.5 square inches? Force Pressure = Area 1000 = 2.5 = 400 psi
PASCALS LAW
Determine the magnitude of a force exerts in a closed piston of area 1 square centimeters such that a pressure of 20 bar is produced? Force = Pressure X area = 20 bar x 1 square cm. = 200 N
1 bar = 105 N/m2

Dr.-Ing.Pongpan Kaewjinda 81
PASCALS LAW
How much piston area is required to produce a force of 250 pounds if a pressure of 3,000 psi is used? Area = Force Pressure 250 = 3,000 = 0.083 square inches
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
In an open Chamber the pressure varies with the depth at which it is measured
Pressure in sealed Chamber
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Pressure in sealed Chamber
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Close Hydraulic System
The force has been magnified by the ability of the system to transmit the pressure P
FLUID RELATIONSHIP HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
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Relationship between area, distance and volume
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Volume = Area X Distance

Relationship between area, SYSTEM distance HYDRAULIC and volume

How many cubic inches of fluid is needed to move a piston having an area of 2.5 square inces a distance of six inches? Volume = Area X Distance = 2.5 X 6 = 15 cubic inches of fluid
Relationship between area, distance and volume

What is the area of the piston required to move 1,000 cubic inches of fluid as it travels a distance of five inches? area = Volume / Distance
= 1000 / 5 = 200 square inches

Relationship between area, distance and volume HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

How many centimeters will 250 cubic centimeters of fluid move a piston whose area is 20 square centimeters? Distance = Volume / area = 250/ 20 = 12.5 centimeters
HYDRAULIC APPLICATION HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
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HYDRAULIC HYDRAULICAPPLICATION SYSTEM
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APPLICATION HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM : A300-600 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Horizontal Stabilizer Flight controls

Elevator Rudder Aileron Slat/Flap Spoilers HYDRAULIC & PNEUMATIC
Landing Gear Brake system Cargo Doors

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A300-600 CONVERSION
HYDRAULICS
Hydraulic systems involves;
Horizontal Stabilizer Landing Gear Brake system Cargo Doors
Flight controls
Elevator Rudder Aileron Slat/Flap Spoilers
HYDRAULIC & PNEUMATIC Dr.-Ing.Pongpan Kaewjinda
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Hydraulic Fluid HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
- One of the system most important part - Must be able to flow through all the line with a minimum of opposition. Incompressible ! - Good lubricating Properties to prevent wear in pump and valve - Must inhibit corrosion and not chemically attack any seals use in the system - Must not foam in operation, air carried into the component will give the system spongy action! () HYDRAULIC &
PNEUMATIC Dr.-Ing.Pongpan Kaewjinda 98
Hydraulic Fluid HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
1. Working Conditions 2. The service to be provided 3. Temperature expected inside and outside 4. Pressure the liquid must be withstand and the possibility of corrosion
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Hydraulic Fluid HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Viscosity of a Fluid
The viscosity of the liquid is a measure of its resistance to flow Approved hydraulic fluids have a viscosity towards the lower end of the scale, but must have enough body the viscosity increase with temperature decrease The viscosity of a liquid is measured with a Viscometer
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Hydraulic Fluid HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Chemical Stability of a Fluid
The chemical stability of hydraulic fluid is a measure of its resistance to change when subjected to extreme temperature or the chemical effects of contact with air and metal
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Hydraulic Fluid HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Flashpoint of a Fluid
The temperature at which it gives off enough vapour to ignite momentary at that temperature or flash when flame is applied A flashpoint is set at a suitable high value Low evaporation rate of the liquid at normal (lower) temperature
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Hydraulic Fluid HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Firepoint of a Fluid
The temperature at which it gives off enough vapour to ignite and continue to burn when expose to flame All approved fluids have a high firepoint
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BASIC HYDRAULIC SYSTEM HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
1. Open Hydraulic System 2. Closed Hydraulic System
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OPEN HYDRAULIC SYSTEM HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

Change of Potential Energie in to Kinetic Energy
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM CLOSED HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Hydraulic Power is tranfered in a close system
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM CLOSED HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Hydraulic Power is tranfered in a close system
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Basic simple Hydraulic System

1. Reservoir 2. Pump (Hand Pump or Electrical Pump) 3. Check Valve 4. Selector Valve 5. Actuator (Single-Action or Double-Acting) Single-Action
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Single-Action
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM BASIC HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Double-Acting
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM BASIC HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM HYDRAULIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS 1. Reservoir 2. Power Pump 3. Filters 4. Pressure Regulator 5. Accumulator 6. Check Vale 7. Hand pump 8. Pressure Gauge 9. Relief Vale 10.Selector Vale 11.Actuating Unit HYDRAULIC &
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM RESERVOIR A hydraulic system reservoir is simply a tank that holds enough fluid to ensure all actuating jacks can be operate at one time if needed Unpressurized Reservoir (gravity and ambient air pressure) Pressurized Reservoir (hydraulic Fluid, engine bleed air, variable displacement hydraulic pumps)
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM RESERVOIR
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SYSTEM non HYDRAULIC pressurized RESERVOIR
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HYDRAULIC RESERVOIR SYSTEM pressurized A pressurized Reservoir with bleed air bleed air
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HYDRAULIC FILTER SYSTEM Filters are fitted to delivery lines at key locations throughout the system as means of capturing debris which could damage operating components A filter is rate by the size of particles it will remove, and these size are measured in microns HYDRAULIC &
HYDRAULIC FILTER SYSTEM
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HYDRAULIC FILTER SYSTEM Most of large system filters have a bypass capability such that if the filter becomes clogged, a valve opens and the filter is bypassed .
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Hydraulic PUMP Hydraulic power comes from the fluid being moved under pressure Hydraulic pump convert SHP into Hydraulic Pressure The pump s serve to move the fluid and do not generate pressure Pressure is only produced when the flow of fluid is restricted There are two basic types of hydraulic pump 1. Powered driven Pump 2. Hand Pump
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Hydraulic Hand Pumps
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM POWERED PUMP Gear Pump Gerotor Pump Piston Pump (Constant and variable displacement) Vane Pump
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM POWERED PUMP GEAR PUMP
Gear Pump
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM POWERED PUMP Gear PUMP
IN LET
OUT LET
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM POWERED PUMP Gear PUMP
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM POWERED PUMP GEROTOR
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM POWERED PUMP GEROTOR
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POWERED PUMP GEROTOR
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POWERED PUMP GEROTOR
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Screw Pump
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POWERED Lobe Pump
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM POWERED PUMP
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Gerotor Pump
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM POWERED VANE PUMP
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM variable displacement VANE PUMP
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HYDRAULIC VALVE SYSTEM
2 1. Flow-Control Valve 2. Pressure-Control Valve
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FLOW-CONTROL VALVE 6 - Selector Valve - Sequence Valve - Quick-Disconnect Valve
- Check Valve - Priority Valve - Hydraulic Fuse

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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM SELECTOR VALVE
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM BASIC HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Double-Acting
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Poppet-Type Selector Valve

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HYDRAULIC CHECK VALVESYSTEM
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SEQUENCE VALVE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM - Use in the sequence event such as wheel well door and landing gear.
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SEQUENCE VALVE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
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SEQUENCE VALVE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
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PRIORITY VALVE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM - Sequence Valve. - Sequence Valve Valve Priority Valve Hydraulic Pressure Sequence Valve Mechanical Contact.
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PRIORITY VALVE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Hydraulic pressure moves Pin
Hydraulic pressure moves Valve seat
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QUICK-DISCONNECT VALVE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM :
Port opens
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HYDRAULIC FUSE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

Move to close holes
(B) is less than Pressure (A) and (B) sides - Pressure (A) (might be from are equal. leaking.
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM VALVE PRESSURE-CONTROL 3 - Relief Valve - Pressure Regulator - Pressure Reducer
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RELIEF VALVE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
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PRESSURE HYDRAULICREGULATOR SYSTEM
The Balance Type

PRESSURE HYDRAULICREDUCER SYSTEM
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Hydraulic symbol HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
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ACCUMULATOR HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Piston-Type Accumulator

Accumulators are used: - when the system needs a considerable flow during a short period; - when the system or a part of the system has to be kept under pressure; - to accumulate peak pressure or pressure vibrations; - as a cushioning element.
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Bladder-type and Diaphragm Accumulator Dr.-Ing.Pongpan Kaewjinda
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ACTUATOR HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
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ACTUATOR Double Action unbalanced HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
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ACTUATOR Double SYSTEM Action balanced HYDRAULIC
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APPLICATION : GEAR DOWN HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
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APPLICATION : GEAR UP HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
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APPLICATION HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
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737 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
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F-16 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
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Uses Hydraulic Fluid
MIL-H-83282 Red colour Synthetic Hydrocarbon Base
Consists of Hydraulic system A and B System A - 5 gallons System B 7.1 gallons During emergency, Emergency Power System supports Hydraulic system A

Hydraulic system A provides:
50% for flight controls 100% for speedbrakes and fuel flow proportioner

RUDDER
RIGHT HORIZ TAIL
50%
HORIZ TAILS
FLAPERONS
LEADNG EDGE FLAPS
SPEEDBRAKES
SYSTEM A
100%
FUEL FLOW PROPORTIONER
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Hydraulic system B provides:
50%
for flight control 100% for Landing Gear, Nosewheel Steering, Brakes, Jet Fuel Starter, 50% Gun system and Aerial Refueling
SYSTEM B
LANDING GEAR NOSEWHL ST. GUN SYSTEM AERIAL REFUEL BRAKES
100%
JET FUEL STARTER
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PNEUMATICS SYSTEM HYDRAULIC SYSTEM - (Compressed air Pneumatics System) - Landing Gear, Cargo Doors -
PNEUMATICS SYSTEM HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

Pneumatics System ( Hydraulic System) 1. (Air) Support 2. Pneumatics 3. (Compressed Air) (No Return System) 4. 5.
PNEUMATICS SYSTEM : TYPE OF PRESSURIZED AIR HYDRAULIC SYSTEM 1. High-Pressure System 2. Medium-Pressure System 3. Low-Pressure System
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HIGH-PRESSURE AIR HYDRAULIC SYSTEM - - 1000-3000 psi - Recharge On-Board . Air-Compressor
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HIGH-PRESSURE AIR HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
2-Stage Compressor
MEDIUM-PRESSURE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM AIR - 100-150 psi - - Bleed Air Turbine Engine Compressor Section Operate - . Compressed Air . Leading Edge Cabin Cabin
MEDIUM-PRESSURE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM AIR
Bleed air from Turbojet Engine

LOW-PRESSURE AIR HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Air-Driven Gyro Instrument 1. Primary Gyro Instrument 2. Back up Instrument Primary Gyro
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PNEUMATICS SYSTEM COMPONENTS HYDRAULIC SYSTEM - Similar to Components for Hydraulic System but without Reservoir, Hand Pump and Accumulator - Components of pneumatic system 1. Relief Valve 3. Check Valve 5. Filter 2. Control Valve 4. Restrictor 6. Shuttle Valve
7. Desiccant/Moisture Separator
RELIEF VALVE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM : Seals Pressure-Limiting Unit
Spring Load
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CONTROL SYSTEM VALVE HYDRAULIC :
Flow Diagram for Emergency Brake

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CHECK VALVE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM :
Flap Type
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RESTRICTOR HYDRAULIC SYSTEM :
Large to small Orifice
Variable Orifice
FILTER SYSTEM HYDRAULIC :
Screen-Type Filter
Micronic Filter
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SHUTTLE VALVE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM : Ground Source
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DESICCANT/MOISTURE SEPARATOR HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Moisture separator remove water from the air by collecting the water that is in the air on a baffle and hold it until the System is shut down
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PNEUMATIC SYSTEM OF TWIN-ENGINE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM TURBOPROP A/C
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PNEUMATIC SYSTEM OF TWIN-ENGINE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM TURBOPROP A/C
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THE END HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
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Aircraft Hydraulic & Pneumatic Power System

presented by Dr.-Ing.Pongpan Kaewjinda

Aircraft Hydraulics & Pneumatic Power System

Aircraft Hydraulics & Pneumatic Power System