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    Voltage Shunt Feedback

    Uploaded by

    Sayan Kumar Khan
    This document discusses voltage shunt feedback amplifiers using operational amplifiers. It describes how negative feedback works by reducing the output signal in response to increases in the feedback signal. The input resistance and output resistance with feedback are analyzed using Miller's theorem and Thevenin's equivalent circuit respectively. Examples are provided to calculate closed loop gain, input voltage, and output voltage for inverting and non-inverting amplifiers using feedback resistor values.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Voltage Shunt Feedback

    Uploaded by

    Sayan Kumar Khan
    40 views6 pages
    This document discusses voltage shunt feedback amplifiers using operational amplifiers. It describes how negative feedback works by reducing the output signal in response to increases in the feedback signal. The input resistance and output resistance with feedback are analyzed using Miller's theorem and Thevenin's equivalent circuit respectively. Examples are provided to calculate closed loop gain, input voltage, and output voltage for inverting and non-inverting amplifiers using feedback resistor values.

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    This document discusses voltage shunt feedback amplifiers using operational amplifiers. It describes how negative feedback works by reducing the output signal in response to increases in the feedback signal. The input resistance and output resistance with feedback are analyzed using Miller's theorem and Thevenin's equivalent circuit respectively. Examples are provided to calculate closed loop gain, input voltage, and output voltage for inverting and non-inverting amplifiers using feedback resistor values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    40 views6 pages

    Voltage Shunt Feedback

    Uploaded by

    Sayan Kumar Khan
    This document discusses voltage shunt feedback amplifiers using operational amplifiers. It describes how negative feedback works by reducing the output signal in response to increases in the feedback signal. The input resistance and output resistance with feedback are analyzed using Miller's theorem and Thevenin's equivalent circuit respectively. Examples are provided to calculate closed loop gain, input voltage, and output voltage for inverting and non-inverting amplifiers using feedback resistor values.

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    Voltage shunt Feedback:

    Fig. 1, shows the voltage shunt feedback amplifier using OPAMP.



    Fig. 1
    The input voltage drives the inverting terminal, and the amplified as well as inverted output
    signal is also applied to the inverting input via the feedback resistor R
    f
    . This arrangement forms a
    negative feedback because any increase in the output signal results in a feedback signal into the
    inverting input signal causing a decrease in the output signal. The non-inverting terminal is
    grounded. Resistor R
    1
    is connected in series with the source.
    The closed loop voltage gain can be obtained by, writing Kirchoff's current equation at the input
    node V
    2
    .
    mywbut.com
    1

    The negative sign in equation indicates that the input and output signals are out of phase by 180.
    Therefore it is called inverting amplifier. The gain can be selected by selecting R
    f
    and R
    1
    (even <
    1).
    Inverting Input at Virtual Ground:
    In the fig. 1, shown earlier, the noninverting terminal is grounded and the- input signal is applied
    to the inverting terminal via resistor R
    1
    . The difference input voltage v
    d
    is ideally zero, (v
    d
    =v
    O
    /
    A) is the voltage at the inverting terminals (v
    2
    ) is approximately equal to that of the noninverting
    terminal (v
    1
    ). In other words, the inverting terminal voltage (v
    1
    ) is approximately at ground
    potential. Therefore, it is said to be at virtual ground.


    mywbut.com
    2
    Input Resistance with Feedback:
    To find the input resistance Miller
    equivalent of the feedback resistor
    R
    f
    , is obtained, i.e. R
    f
    is splitted
    into its two Miller components as
    shown in fig. 2. Therefore, input
    resistance with feedback R
    if
    is then


    Fig. 2
    Output Resistance with Feedback:
    The output resistance with
    feedback R
    of
    is the resistance
    measured at the output terminal of
    the feedback amplifier. The output
    resistance can be obtained using
    Thevenin's equivalent
    circuit,shown in fig. 3.
    i
    O
    =i
    a
    +i
    b

    Since R
    O
    is very small as compared
    to R
    f
    +(R
    1
    || R
    2
    )
    Therefore,i.e. i
    O
    =i
    a

    v
    O
    =R
    O
    i
    O
    +A v
    d
    .
    v
    d
    =v
    i
    v
    2
    =0 - B v
    O


    Fig. 3
    mywbut.com
    3

    Similarly, the bandwidth increases
    by (1+AB) and total output offset
    voltage reduces by (1+AB).

    Example - 1
    (a).An inverting amplifier is implemented with R
    1
    =1K and R
    f
    =100 K. Find the percentge
    change in the closed loop gain A is the open loop gain a changes from 2 x 10
    5
    V / V to 5 x
    10
    4
    V/V.
    (b) Repeat, but for a non-inverting amplifier with R
    1
    =1K at R
    f
    =99 K.
    Solution: (a). Inverting amplifier

    Here R
    f
    =100 K
    R
    1
    =1K
    When,

    (b) Non-inverting amplifier

    mywbut.com
    4
    Here R
    f
    =99 K
    R
    1
    =1K


    Example - 2
    An inverting amplifier shown in fig. 4 with R
    1
    = 10 and R
    2
    = 1M is driven by a source v
    1
    =
    0.1 V. Find the closed loop gain A, the percentage division of A from the ideal value - R
    2
    / R
    1
    ,
    and the inverting input voltage V
    N
    for the cases A =100 V/V, 10
    5
    and 10
    5
    V/V.
    Solution:
    we have
    when A =10
    3
    ,





    Fig. 4
    mywbut.com
    5

    Example - 3
    Find V
    N
    , V
    1
    and V
    O
    for the circuit shown in fig. 5.
    Solution:
    Applying KCL at N

    or 2V
    N
    +V
    N
    =V
    O
    .

    Now V
    O
    - V
    i
    =6 as point A and N are virtually
    shorted.
    V
    O
    - V
    N
    =6 V
    Therefore, V
    O
    =V
    N
    +6 V

    Therefore, V
    N
    =V
    i
    =3 V.

    Fig. 5


    mywbut.com
    6

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