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    02 Impulse & Momentum

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    Cha Castillo
    The document discusses momentum, impulse, and collisions. Some key points: - Momentum (p) of a particle is defined as its mass (m) times velocity (v). Net force equals the rate of change of momentum. - Impulse (J) is defined as the change in momentum (Δp) of a particle. By the impulse-momentum theorem, the impulse of the net force acting on a particle equals the change in momentum of the particle. - In collisions, the total momentum of the system is conserved. For elastic collisions, kinetic energy is also conserved, while for inelastic collisions some kinetic energy is lost. The coefficient of restitution (e) quantifies how elastic a

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    02 Impulse & Momentum

    Uploaded by

    Cha Castillo
    17 views12 pages
    The document discusses momentum, impulse, and collisions. Some key points: - Momentum (p) of a particle is defined as its mass (m) times velocity (v). Net force equals the rate of change of momentum. - Impulse (J) is defined as the change in momentum (Δp) of a particle. By the impulse-momentum theorem, the impulse of the net force acting on a particle equals the change in momentum of the particle. - In collisions, the total momentum of the system is conserved. For elastic collisions, kinetic energy is also conserved, while for inelastic collisions some kinetic energy is lost. The coefficient of restitution (e) quantifies how elastic a

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    The document discusses momentum, impulse, and collisions. Some key points: - Momentum (p) of a particle is defined as its mass (m) times velocity (v). Net force equals the rate of change of momentum. - Impulse (J) is defined as the change in momentum (Δp) of a particle. By the impulse-momentum theorem, the impulse of the net force acting on a particle equals the change in momentum of the particle. - In collisions, the total momentum of the system is conserved. For elastic collisions, kinetic energy is also conserved, while for inelastic collisions some kinetic energy is lost. The coefficient of restitution (e) quantifies how elastic a

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    17 views12 pages

    02 Impulse & Momentum

    Uploaded by

    Cha Castillo
    The document discusses momentum, impulse, and collisions. Some key points: - Momentum (p) of a particle is defined as its mass (m) times velocity (v). Net force equals the rate of change of momentum. - Impulse (J) is defined as the change in momentum (Δp) of a particle. By the impulse-momentum theorem, the impulse of the net force acting on a particle equals the change in momentum of the particle. - In collisions, the total momentum of the system is conserved. For elastic collisions, kinetic energy is also conserved, while for inelastic collisions some kinetic energy is lost. The coefficient of restitution (e) quantifies how elastic a

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    MOMENTUM(p)

    Recall: N2LM

    d
    v

    ;
    a

    m
    a

    dt

    dv d mv
    F m dt dt

    mv Momentum (p), whose


    direction is the same as
    the bodys velocity.

    dp
    F dt

    The net force acting


    on a particle equals
    the time rate of
    change momentum
    of the particle.

    A rapid change in momentum requires


    a large net force, while a gradual
    change requires less net force

    MOMENTUM(p)

    If a particle is moving obliquely and has velocity components vx,


    vy, vz, then its momentum components would be:

    p x mv x

    p y mv y

    pz mv z

    IMPULSE(J) - MOMENTUM(p) THEOREM


    v1 = 0

    v2 > 0
    t2

    t1

    The change in momentum is


    affected by the applied net force
    and how long it is applied!

    dp
    F dt

    t2
    p2
    Fdt dp
    t1

    p1

    F
    dt

    p
    2
    1
    t1

    Fdt Impulse (J), whose


    t2

    direction is the same


    as the net force.

    The change in momentum of a


    particle during a time interval
    equals the impulse of the net
    force that acts on the particle
    during that interval

    J p Impulse Momentum
    Theorem

    IMPULSE(J) - MOMENTUM(p) THEOREM


    In specific problems, it is often easiest to use Impulse-Momentum
    Theorem in its component form:

    J y p y

    J x p x

    F
    t2

    t1

    t2

    t1

    dt p2 x p1x

    dt mv2 x mv1x

    t2

    t1

    dt p2 y p1 y

    t2

    t1

    dt mv2 y mv1 y

    J z pz

    F dt p
    t2

    t1

    p1z

    2z

    F dt mv
    t2

    t1

    2z

    mv1z

    IMPULSE(J) - MOMENTUM(p) THEOREM


    Example 1.
    Suppose you have a choice between catching a 0.50-kg ball
    moving at 4.0 m/s or a 0.10-kg ball moving at 20 m/s. Which will
    be easier to catch?
    Example 2.
    A 0.16-kg hockey puck is moving on an icy, frictionless,
    horizontal surface. At t = 0 the puck is moving to the right at 3.0
    m/s. a) Calculate the velocity of the puck(magnitude and
    direction) after a force of 25.0 N directed to the right has been
    applied for 0.05 s. b) If instead, a force of 12 N directed to the
    left is applied from t1 = 0 s to t2 = 0.05 s, what is the final
    velocity of the puck?

    IMPULSE(J) - MOMENTUM(p) THEOREM


    Example 3.

    CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM
    Before Collision
    During Collision

    After Collision

    ( FAB FBA ) t

    FAB t FBA t

    J AB J BA

    p B p A

    uA

    uB

    mA

    mB

    FAB

    FBA

    vA

    vB

    mA

    mB

    pB 2 pB1 p A2 p A1

    p A1 pB1 p A2 pB 2

    m A uA m B uB m Av A m B v B
    The total momentum of all particles
    in a system is constant!

    CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM
    Before Collision

    After Collision

    During Collision

    vAy
    vAx

    uBx
    uBy

    uAy

    vBx

    uAx

    vBy

    m A u Ax m B uBx m Av Ax m B v Bx

    m A u Ay m B uBy m Av Ay m B v By

    m A u Az m B uBz m Av Az m B v Bz

    COLLISION
    Elastic Collision - the total kinetic energy of the system before
    and after the collision is constant.

    K A1 K B1 K A2 K B 2

    1
    1
    1
    1
    2
    2
    2
    m A uA m B uB m Av A m B v B2
    2
    2
    2
    2

    1
    1
    1
    1
    2
    2
    2
    m A uA m Av A m B v B m B uB2
    2
    2
    2
    2

    m A u A2 v A2 m B v B2 uB2

    m A uA v A uA v A mB v B uB v B uB eqn.1

    COLLISION
    Conservation of Momentum

    m A uA m B uB m Av A m B v B
    m A uA m Av A mB v B m B uB
    m A uA v A mB v B uB eqn.2
    eqn. 1 eqn. 2

    m A u A v A u A v A m B v B uB v B uB

    m A u A v A
    m B v B uB

    uA v A v B uB
    uA uB v B v A
    uA uB v A v B
    uA uB Relative velocity of approach
    v A v B Relative velocity of separation

    COLLISION
    So, Coefficient of Restitution, e for Elastic Collision:

    v A v B
    e
    1
    u A uB

    Summary:
    Elastic Collision

    Inelastic Collision

    K1 = K2
    e=1

    K1 > K2
    e<1

    Completely
    Inelastic Collision
    K1 > K2
    e=0
    vA = vB

    COLLISION
    Example 4.
    A 5-gm bullet is fired from a 4-kg gun. The muzzle speed is 600
    m/s. Find the speed of recoil of the gun.
    Example 5.
    A 100-gm block moving with a speed of 10 cm/s to the right
    collides with a 200-g block moving with a speed of 5 cm/s at the
    same direction. a) Find the speed of the two blocks right after the
    collision if the collision is inelastic with coefficient of restitution,
    e = 0.75. b) Find the change in kinetic energy of the system.
    Example 6.
    A hockey puck B rests on a smooth ice surface and is struck by a
    second puck A, which was originally travelling at 40 m/s and
    which is deflected 30o from its original direction. Puck B acquires
    a velocity at a 45o angle to the original direction of A. The pucks
    have the same mass. Compute the speed of each puck after the
    collision.

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