Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 24 views

    Induction Motor 1

    Uploaded by

    MasterArvin
    This document provides information about 3-phase induction motors including their general principles, construction, rotating magnetic field, synchronous speed calculation, torque-speed characteristics, equivalent circuit model, power flow, efficiency calculation, and example problems. It describes key aspects of induction motors such as squirrel cage and wound rotor designs, slip speed, rotor frequency, torque equation, and power calculations based on the equivalent circuit model. Various operation modes including motoring, generating, and plugging are also covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Induction Motor 1

    Uploaded by

    MasterArvin
    24 views37 pages
    This document provides information about 3-phase induction motors including their general principles, construction, rotating magnetic field, synchronous speed calculation, torque-speed characteristics, equivalent circuit model, power flow, efficiency calculation, and example problems. It describes key aspects of induction motors such as squirrel cage and wound rotor designs, slip speed, rotor frequency, torque equation, and power calculations based on the equivalent circuit model. Various operation modes including motoring, generating, and plugging are also covered.

    Original Description:

    Induction Motor 1

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides information about 3-phase induction motors including their general principles, construction, rotating magnetic field, synchronous speed calculation, torque-speed characteristics, equivalent circuit model, power flow, efficiency calculation, and example problems. It describes key aspects of induction motors such as squirrel cage and wound rotor designs, slip speed, rotor frequency, torque equation, and power calculations based on the equivalent circuit model. Various operation modes including motoring, generating, and plugging are also covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    24 views37 pages

    Induction Motor 1

    Uploaded by

    MasterArvin
    This document provides information about 3-phase induction motors including their general principles, construction, rotating magnetic field, synchronous speed calculation, torque-speed characteristics, equivalent circuit model, power flow, efficiency calculation, and example problems. It describes key aspects of induction motors such as squirrel cage and wound rotor designs, slip speed, rotor frequency, torque equation, and power calculations based on the equivalent circuit model. Various operation modes including motoring, generating, and plugging are also covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 37

    3-phase Induction motor

    3-Phase Induction
    Motor

    Most Common & Frequent motors


    in industry

    Simple Design, Rugged, Low Cost and Easy to Maintain


    Wide Range of power rating: fractional horsepower to MW
    High efficiency: no brushes and good power factor
    Constant speed from zero to full load

    General
    Principle

    Transformer:
    Electrical

    Magneti
    Electrical
    c
    Alternating
    field
    Magneti
    Mechanical
    Induction Motor: Electrical
    c
    /Electrical
    Rotating field

    Induction Motor
    Construction

    phase induction motor comprises of two main parts:

    Electromagnetics

    Rotor
    Stator

    Stator(Stationary)
    consists of a steel frame that supports a hollow, cylindrical core of
    stacked laminations. Slots on the internal circumference of the stator
    house the stator winding.
    Rotor(Revolving)
    composed of punched laminations, with rotor slots for the rotor winding.
    Two basic design: Squirrel cage and wound rotor

    Rotating Magnetic Field


    3-Phase System: Current displaced by 120in time (phase)
    IB

    IA
    A

    Stator with 6 salient poles:


    Windings A, B & C. Pole pairs: North
    IC
    and South
    Windings are mechanically spaced at 120from each other.
    Each winding produces its own MMF. The 3 fluxes combine to
    produce a magnetic field that rotates at the same frequency as the

    Synchronous Speed
    For p
    poles/phase:
    synchronous
    speed,

    ns

    120 f
    P

    rev/min

    ns

    Example

    A 4-pole 3 phase induction motor operates from a supply whose


    frequency is 50 Hz. Calculate:
    (a) the speed at which the magnetic field of the stator is rotating.
    (b) the speed of the rotor when the slip is 0.04
    (c) the frequency of the rotor currents when slip is 0.03
    (d) the frequency of the rotor current at standstill.
    (a) Stator field revolves at synchronous speed, given by:

    Ns

    120 f
    50
    120
    1500r.p.m
    P
    4

    (b) Rotor (motor) speed,

    N N s (1 s) 1500(1 0.04) 1440r.p.m


    (c) Frequency of rotor current,

    fR sf 0.03 50 1.5r.p.s 90r.p.m


    (d) At standstill =

    Example

    A 3 phase induction motor is wound for 4 poles and is supplied


    from 50-Hz system. Calculate:
    (a) the synchronous speed.
    (b) the rotor speed when slip is 5%
    (c) the frequency of the rotor when the rotor runs at 600 r.p.m
    (a) Synchronous speed:

    Ns

    120 f
    50
    120
    1500r.p.m
    P
    4

    (b) Rotor (motor) speed,

    N N s (1 s) 1500(1 0.05) 1425r.p.m


    (b) When rotor speed is 600 r.p.m,

    s
    rotor current
    frequency:

    (N s N ) 1500 600

    0.6
    Ns
    1500

    fR sf (0.6 50) 30Hz

    Example

    A 6 pole induction motor is excited by a 3 phase 60 Hz source.


    The full load rpm is 1140 r.p.m. Calculate the slip?
    Synchronous speed:

    Ns

    120 f 120 60

    1200r.p.m
    P
    6

    Slip:

    Ns Nm 1200 1140

    0.05
    Ns
    1200

    5%

    Solution:
    120 f
    120 * 60
    ns

    1800 rpm
    p
    4
    n 1 s ns 1 0.05 *1800 1710 rpm
    (b) 1800 (same as synchronous speed)

    Example
    A 4-pole 3-phase induction motor operates from a
    supply whose frequency is 50Hz. Calculate:
    1. The speed at which the magnetic field of the stator
    is rotating
    2. The speed of the rotor when the slip is 0.04
    3. The frequency of the rotor currents when the slip is
    0.03
    4. The frequency of the rotor currents at standstill.

    Recap
    General Principle of Induction motor is similar to transformer
    Components of Motor:
    Stator - mechanically spaced at 120
    Rotor - Squirrel Cage and Wound Rotor
    Synchronous speed = speed of rotating field
    Slip

    ns nm
    s
    ns

    120 f
    rev/min
    ns
    P

    Slip speed n ns nm

    Frequency of Rotor current

    Pn
    fR
    120

    f R sf

    Rotor Rotating Field

    uced current in 3-phase rotor also produce a rotating field


    Speed w.r.t rotor
    nr

    120 fr
    p

    120sf
    p

    sns

    Induced rotor field rotates in the air


    gap

    nm nr (1 s)ns sns

    Modes of Operation

    Plugging(Braking)

    Motoring

    Generating

    0 nm n s

    nm < 0

    nm > n s

    1s0

    s>1

    s<0

    ns
    n

    ns

    ns
    n

    Torque-Speed Curve

    Torque-Speed Curve
    Motoring

    Where is the operating range and why?

    Power Flow

    Power Flow
    Motoring
    Stator Core
    Loss
    Rotor
    Friction and
    Core Loss Windage Losses

    Pag

    Pi

    Pmech

    Stator Cu
    Loss 3I
    ( 12 R1

    Generator

    Rotor Cu
    Loss ( 2
    3I 2 R2
    )

    Pout
    (Pshaft)

    Equivalent Circuit Model

    Stator Windings

    Similar to equivalent circuit of transformer primary winding


    V1 = per-phase terminal voltage
    R1 = per-phase stator winding resistance
    L1 = per-phase stator leakage inductance
    E1 = per-phase induced voltage in stator
    winding
    Lm = per-phase stator magnetizing inductance
    Rc = per-phase stator core loss resistance

    Equivalent Circuit of the Induction Motor

    sE2
    I2
    R2 jsX 2

    P2

    E2
    I2
    R2 / s jX 2

    2
    I 2 R2

    P Pag
    Pmech

    Pmech

    2
    I2

    I 22

    R2

    2 R2
    R2
    1 s I 2
    s
    s

    R2
    1 s
    s

    Pmech 1 s * Pag

    1 s

    P
    s

    Pag : P2 : Pmech 1 : s : 1 s

    P2 I 22 R2 sPag

    Torque

    Mechanical torque developed per phase, Tmech

    Pmech Tmech m

    m = angular velocity of the rotor (rad/s)

    synchronous speed (rad/s)

    2 nm
    m
    60

    2 ns
    s
    60

    Tmech

    Pag

    N.m

    Power
    Motoring
    Stator Core
    Loss
    Rotor
    Friction and
    Core Loss Windage Losses

    Pi

    Pag

    Pmech

    Rotor Cu
    Stator Cu
    Loss ( 2
    2
    3I 2 R2
    Loss ( 3I1 R1 ) )

    Pshaft Pmech Pf ,w

    Pshaft Tshaft m

    Pout(shaft)
    (Pshaft)

    Efficiency
    Useful power output:Total input power

    Pshaft
    Pin

    Power Factor

    Power Factor =

    cos r
    Pin

    Sin

    For a 3 phase system:

    Sin 3Vline I line

    Example
    A 3 phase, 230V, 60Hz, 74.6KW, six pole induction motor operating
    at rated conditions has an efficiency of 91.0%. It draws a line
    current of 248A. The core loss, stator copper loss and rotor
    conductor loss are 1697W, 2803W and 1549W respectively.
    Determine:
    (a) power input
    (b) total loss
    (c) air-gap power
    (d) shaft(mechanical) speed
    (e) power factor
    (f) friction and windage losses and draw the power flow diagram
    (g) shaft torque

    You might also like