POWER SYSTEMS Program File

Contents:1. Program conceptual model

2. Course one:-

2.1 Data statistics of the basic knowledge /design skills

2.1.1 Analysis of the existing courses contents and the gained skills
2.1.2 Compare the gained key points with that gained in the advanced
international universities.
2.1.3 Design, distribute, collect, and analyze a questionnaire for
undergraduates, recent graduates, academic staff, and industrial supervisors to
identify their opinions about the required knowledge/design skills for the
selected program.
2.1.3.2 Statistics of pre-questionnaire for the 3rd year students about power system
program
2.1.3.3 Statistics of pre-questionnaire for the 4th year students about power system
program
2.1.3.4 Statistics of pre-questionnaire for industrial societies engineers about power
system program

2.2 New framework matrix

2.3 Syllabus
2.4 Course Objective
2.5 Experts Evaluations
2.6 Questionnaire for 4th student after applying the program

3. Course two:-

3.1 Data statistics of the basic knowledge /design skills

3.1.1 Analysis of the existing courses contents and the gained skills

3.1.2 Compare the gained key points with that gained in the advanced
international universities.

3.2 New framework matrix

3.3 Syllabus
3.4 Course Objective
3.5 Experts Evaluations

4. Course three( Power System Training Course)

4.1 Syllabus
4.2 Course Objective
4.3 Data statistics of the basic knowledge /design skills
Design, distribute, collect, and analyze a questionnaire for
undergraduates, recent graduates, academic staff, and industrial
supervisors to identify their opinions about the required
knowledge/design skills for the selected program.
4.3.1 Training course questionnaire
4.3.2 Statistics of training course

4.4 Experts Evaluations

1. Conceptual Model
A. Power Systems Program:
Power systems program consists of two teaching courses in the electrical engineering division and one
training course. The two teaching courses are: electrical power in the third year of the power &
machines section and power system analysis in the fourth year of the power & machines section. The
two courses are taught in the first semester. The training course is devoted for the electrical engineers
who are working in the power grids and factories.
According to the project there will be some new design skills in every course. However, students and
engineers have to know some basic knowledge to be familiar with these skills. This program covers
some important topics in the electrical engineering field such as:
1. Electrical power transmission, distribution and generation.
2. Performance of the electrical grids during various types of load.
3. Interconnection between grids.
4. Response of the electrical grids during and after the occurrence of fault, and the stability of
the generation and transmission system according this problem.
Details of these three courses are as follows:

1. Electrical Power Course

The main course goal is to provide students with a complete overview of the basic knowledge of the
power system components, operation and design.
Basic knowledge

1. Understand the concepts of power factor angle, power factor, complex power, and
conservation of power.
2. Solve single phase circuits for the real, reactive and complex power supplied by, or consumed
by any device in the circuit.
3. Use reactive compensation to change a loads apparent power factor to any specified value.
4. Solve three-phase circuits to calculate any system voltage, current or power.
5. Be able to determine the inductance, capacitance, and resistance of three phase transmission
lines, including lines with conductor bundling.
6. Be able to do basic design of transmission lines to specified parameters.
7. Be able to derive the relationships between the voltage and current on a transmission line, and
be able to use hyperbolic functions to solve for the voltage or current at any point along the
line.

8. Be able to derive the equivalent model for a transmission line and then use this model to
calculate the power flow through a transmission line.
9. Know the limits affecting the maximum amount of power that can be transferred through a
transmission line.
10. Understand the electrical power system distribution.
11. Understand and be able to design the suspension insulations of overhead transmission lines.
12. Understand and be able to do the mechanical design of transmission lines
13. Understand the concepts of power cables operation and construction.
Design Skills
1. Be familiar with the Matlab program.
2. Know how to write programs with the Matlab m-files, running these files, plotting and etc.
3. Use the Powersys Block Sets within the Matlab to draw the power circuit, simulate it and do
what is needed to solve the problem.
4. Solve all the problems within this course using Matlab m-files and Powersys Block Sets.
5. know how to link between m-files and powersys block sets.
6. Plot and transfer the results to any wanted files such as Word and Excel files.

2. Power System Analysis Course

The main course goal is to provide students with a complete overview of interconnected power system
operation.
Basic knowledge
1. Understand the per unit analysis, and be able to use per unit analysis to solve single and three
phase circuits.
2. Be able to calculate the bus admittance and bus impedance matrices for a three phase system
consisting of transmission lines, transformers and capacitors.
3. Be able to formula the power flow problem and be able to develop a solution algorithm using
both the Gauss-Seidel and the Newton-Raphson methods.
4. Understand the generator reactive capability curve, and the limitations it imposes on the
reactive power output of a generator.
5. Understand the approximations used in the fast decoupled power flow, and be able to solve
systems using this algorithm.
6. Be able to use a standard power flow program to model a power system.
7. Be able to solve design problems, such as sizing of capacitors needed to correct low bus
voltages or generation re-dispatch to remove transmission line constraints.
8. Know the common causes of faults in power systems.

9. Understand the models for generators during a fault and be able to use the models to calculate
the fault current at any point in time for a fault applied to the terminal of a generator.
10. Be able to solve for the voltages and current in a network experiencing a balanced three phase
fault at any location.
11. Understand the advantage of using symmetrical components to analyze unbalanced system
operation.
12. Be able to develop and solve the positive, negative and zero sequence networks for systems
consisting of machines, transmission lines and transformers.
13. Solve for the fault voltages and currents for single line to ground faults, line to line faults, and
double line to ground faults.
14. Know the key needs for system grounding; be able to determine grounding impedance.
15. Be able to derive the swing equations for a system consisting of a single generator connected
to an infinite bus.
16. Be able to use the equal area criteria to determine the critical clearing time for stable
operation.

Design Skills:
In this year students are familiar with all program types needed in the third year. However, if they are
not (especially in the first year of applying this project), they have to:
1. Be familiar with the Matlab program.
2. Know how to write programs with the Matlab m-files, running these files, plotting and etc.
3. Solve all the mathematical problems within this course using Matlab m-files.
In addition they have to:
4. Be familiar with the power station program.
5. Use the power station program to draw and simulate the simple power networks.
6. Draw and simulate the complex and real power networks using power station program.
7. Solve all the power flow problems, all types of fault analysis and voltage stability problems
using power station program.
3. Power System Training Course
The main course goal is to provide engineers with an advanced overview of interconnected power
system transmission and distribution.
Basic knowledge

1. Understand the power flow problem and the methods of solution algorithm using both the
Gauss-Seidel and the Newton-Raphson methods and the approximations used in the fast
decoupled power flow.

2. Know clearly what may happen to the network when a big load of some customer or region
are added or subtracted from the network and the effect on the system stability.
3. Know the different types of fault such as balanced three phase faults, single line to ground
faults, line to line faults, and double line to ground faults on the power systems and their
dangerous effects.
4. Have a complete idea about the effect of the interconnection between networks on the fault
current and the proposed ways to limit this current.
Design Skills
1. Be familiar with the power station program.
2. Use the power station program to draw and simulate the real power networks including load
flow problems, fault analysis problems and stability problems.

Used CAD tools:

Matlab Program.
Power station Program (ETAP)

Due dates:Electrical Power Course (January 31, 2006)

Power System Analysis Course (October 31, 2005)
Power System Training Course (February 28, 2006)

2.

Course One

(Power System Analysis for fourth year students, 1st term)

2.1 Data statistics of the basic knowledge /design skills

2.1.1 Analysis of the existing course and determine
the key points of taught knowledge:The actual course studies these subjects: Representation of power system,

Y and Z bus matrices,

Load flow,
Symmetrical faults,
Symmetrical components,
Unsymmetrical faults,
Power system stability.

This course teaches the students very important topics in the power systems.
However, they study only very simple circuits and the more complex
circuits (which are the real ones) could not be covered as they need CAD
tools which are not available. This program tends to teach the students how
to make detailed computer programs dealing with the various events in the
electric grid.

References:

-John J. Grainger and William D. Stevenson, Jr. POWER SYSTEM

ANALYSIS, McGraw Hill, Inc., 1994.
-B.M. Weedy and B.J. Cory ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS, John
Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1998.
2.1.2 Compare these key points with that gained in
the courses taught in the advanced
international universities.
Based on the courses taught in the international universities, power systems
analysis course is taught in one course for basic and advanced topics. The
main topics have a vital change of the selected topics which is applied these
days. Also, the way of teaching is different. The course has to be taught
with forcing the student sight into the real networks. Therefore, the power
systems analysis course can be taught as to graduate an engineering who
knows these items:
1. Single line diagram and per unit systems.
2. Bus admittance and impedance matrices.
3. Load flow analysis.
4. Types of faults and symmetrical components.
5. Power system stability.
2.1.3 Design, distribute, collect, and analyze a
questionnaire
for
undergraduates,
recent
graduates, academic staff, and industrial
supervisors to identify their opinions about the

required knowledge/design skills for the selected

program.
2.1.3.1 Pre- questionnaire for 4th year power & machine section

CAD: Smart Future for Electrical Engineers

HEEPF

Power System
-1 CAD tools Power System

-2 CAD tools Power System

-3 CAD tools Power System

-4 CAD tools Power system

-5 CAD tools Power System

-6 CAD tools Power System

-7 CAD tools Power System

 -8 Power System CAD tools

-9 CAD tools

-10 CAD tools Power System

-11 CAD tools

-12 CAD tools Power System

-13 CAD tools

-14 CAD tools

CAD tools Power System

2.1.3.2 Statistics of pre-questionnaire for the 3rd year students about power system program
Students numbers: 39
Arab Republic of Egypt
Ministry of Higher Education
)Project Management Unit (PMU
)Higher Education Enhancement Project Fund (HEEPF

)(D-147-P2

 : Power System
. : ) (

CAD tools Power System

77.00%
10.00%

10.26%
3.00%
1

0.8

0.4

0.6

0.2

CAD tools Power System

71.80%

8 .00%

20.51%
0.00%
0.8

0.7

0.5

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.3

0.1

CAD tools Power System

53.85%

8%

38.46%

0%
0.6

0.5

0.3

0.4

0.2

0.1

CAD tools Power system

33.33%

13.00%

53.85%
3.00%
0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

10

0.2

0.1

CAD tools Power System

64.00%

8.00%

28.20%

0.00%
0.7

0.5

0.6

0.3

0.4

0.2

0.1

CAD tools Power System

8.05%

0.00%

18.00%

0.00%
1

0.8

0.4

0.6

0.2

CAD tools Power System

77 .00 %

0%

20.50%
3.00%
1

0.6

0.8

0.2

0.4

Power System CAD tools

20.51%

26.00%

53.85%
0.00%
0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

11

0.2

0.1

CAD tools
64.10%

15.00%

18.00%

3.00%
0.7

0.6

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.3

0.1

CAD tools Power System

12.82%

49.00%
36.00%

3.00%
0.6

0.5

0.3

0.4

0.2

0.1

CAD tools
74.36%

15%

7.70%

3.00%
0.8

0.6

0.7

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.3

0.1

CAD tools Power System

28.21%
54%

33.33%
3.00%

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.2

0.3

0.1

CAD tools

82.05%
10.00%
5.13%

3.00%
1

0.8

0.4

0.6

12

0.2

CAD tools
84.62%

0.00%

5.10%

3.00%
0.9

0.8

0.6

0.7

0.5

0.3

0.4

0.2

0.1

2.1.3.3 Statistics of pre-questionnaire for the 4th year students about power system program
Students numbers: 67
Arab Republic of Egypt
Ministry of Higher Education
)Project Management Unit (PMU
Higher Education Enhancement Project Fund
)(HEEPF

)(D-147-P2
: Power System
. : ) (
-1 CAD tools Power System
45.45%

35%

19.70%

0%
0.5

0.4

0.2

0.3

0.1

-2 CAD tools Power System

31.82%

45%

22.73%

0%
0.5

0.4

0.2

0.3

13

0.1

 -3 CAD tools Power System

75.00%

0%
25.00%

0%
0.7

0.8

0.5

0.6

0.3

0.4

0.2

0.1

-4 CAD tools Power system

24.24%

44%
31.82%

2%

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.3

0.1

-5 CAD tools Power System

28.79%

55%

16.67%
0%
0.6

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.3

0.1

-6 CAD tools Power System

24.24%

39%

34.85%
0%
0.4

0.5

0.2

0.3

0.1

-7 CAD tools Power System

46.97%

23%
30.30%

0%

0.5

0.4

0.2

0.3

14

0.1

 -8 Power System CAD tools

63.64%

14%
24.24%

0%

0.6

0.7

0.5

0.3

0.4

0.1

0.2

-9 CAD tools

23.88%
57%

15.00%

0%
0.6

-10

0.5

0.4

0.2

0.3

0.1

CAD tools Power System

59.70%

10%

23.88%
1%
0.7

-11

0.6

0.5

0.3

0.4

0.1

0.2

CAD tools

52.24%

25%

18.00%

0%
0.5

0.6

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

-12 CAD tools Power System

10.45%
57%

28.36%

0%
0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

15

0.2

0.1

 -13 CAD tools

85.07%

7%
3.00%

0%
1

.14

0.6

0.8

0.2

0.4

CAD tools
74.63%

15%
6.00%

0%

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

2.1.3.4 Statistics of pre-questionnaire for industrial societies engineers about power

system program
Engineers numbers: 60
Arab Republic of Egypt

16

Ministry of Higher Education

)Project Management Unit (PMU
)Higher Education Enhancement Project Fund (HEEPF

)(D-147-P2
: Power System
Power System

.1

83.05%

10.17%
3.39 %

0.00%
0.9

.2

0.7

0.8

0.5

0.6

0.3

0.4

0.1

0.2

86.44%
5.08%

5.08%

0.00%
1

.3

0.9

0.7

0.8

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.1

0.2

Power System

79.66%

1.69%
13.56%

1.69%
0.9

.4

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.1

0.2

Power System

20.34%

23.73%
81.36%

8.47%
0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

17

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

.5

Power System

28.81%

11.86%
45.76%

10.17%
0.5

0.45

0.4

0.35

0.3

0.2

0.25

0.15

0.05

0.1

short circuit



) corona
(
PLC DCS


, ,

11.

) ..... -(

.6

CAD tools Power System

66.10%

5.08%
23.73%

1.69%
0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

18

0.3

0.2

0.1

 CAD tools Power System

.7

59.32%

6.78%
27.12%

3.39%
0.7

.8

0.6

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.3

0.1

CAD tools Power System

37 .29
. %

18.64%
23.20%

8.47%
0.4

.9

0.35

0.25

0.3

0.15

0.2

0.1

0.05

35.59%

27.12%
30.51%

6.78%
0.4

.10

0.35

0.25

0.3

0.15

0.2

0.1

0.05

76.27%

11.86%
6.78%

5.08%

19
0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

.11

) (power point

11.86%

71.86%
11.86%

5 . 08 %
0.8

.12

0.7

0.6

0.4

)(power point

.13

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.1

32.2%
%1.69

%62.71

%3.39

)(power point

%10.17

%76.27

%0

%10.17

20

 .
.
power electronic and power system

.

)(

2.2

New framework matrix

2.2.1 Based on the previous review of the actual taught and that taught in the
advanced universities with the student feedback through the designed
questionnaire, we summarize the new conceptual model for the power
system analysis course to be as follows:-

Lecture

Title

1
2

Per Unit Quantities

The Admittance
Model and Network
Calculations
The Impedance Model
and Network
Calculations
Power Flow Solutions
The Gauss-Seidel
Method
The Newton-Raphson
Method
Regulating
Transformers and the
Decoupled Power
Flow Method
Exam
Symmetrical Faults
Symmetrical
Components and

3
4
5
6
7

8
9

21

Exercise &
Lab
Assignment 1
Assignment 2
Assignment 3
Assignment 4
Assignment 5
Assignment 6
Assignment 7

Revision
Assignment 8
Assignment 9

10

Sequence Networks
Unsymmetrical Faults

11

Power System Stability

Exam

Assignment
10
Assignment
11
Revision

2.3 Syllabus
Power System Analysis
1. Per Unit Quantities
Per unit quantities
The single line or one line diagram
Impedance and reactance diagrams

2. The Admittance Model and Network Calculations

Branch and node admittances
Mutually coupled branches
Modification of Ybus

3. The Impedance Model and Network Calculations

The bus admittance and impedance matrices
Direct determination of Zbus
Modification of an existing Zbus

4. Power Flow Solutions

The power flow problem

5. The Gauss-Seidel Method

The Gauss-Seidel method

6. The Newton-Raphson Method

The Newton-Raphson method

The Newton-Raphson power flow solution

7. Regulating Transformers and the Decoupled Power Flow

Method

Regulating transformers
The decoupled power flow method

8. Symmetrical Faults

Transients in RL series circuits

Internal voltages of loaded machines under fault conditions
Fault calculations using Zbus

22

9. Symmetrical Components and Sequence Networks

Synthesis of unsymmetrical phasors from their symmetrical components

The symmetrical components of unsymmetrical phasors
Power in terms of symmetrical components

Sequence circuits of Y and impedances

Sequence circuits of the synchronous machine

Sequence circuits of Y - transformers

10. Unsymmetrical Faults

Single line to ground faults

Line to line faults

Double line to ground faults

11. Power System Stability

The stability problem

Rotor dynamics and the swing equation

Further considerations of the swing equation

The power angle equation

Synchronizing power coefficients

Equal area criterion of stability

Further applications of the equal area criterion

Multimachines stability studies: classical representation

Step by step solution of the swing curve

Computer programs for transient stability studies

2.4

Set up the objectives of each program based on the conceptual model for
the basic knowledge and design skills.

The gained design skills will be:

-Be familiar with Matlab program.
-Be familiar how to write programs with the Matlab m-files, running these files,
plotting and etc.

23

-Be familiar with the Matlab powersys block sets program.

-Be familiar with using the Matlab powersys block sets program to draw and
simulate the simple and complex power networks.
-Be familiar with the power station program.
-Be familiar with using the power station program to draw and simulate the
simple, complex and real power networks.
-Be familiar with solving all the power flow problems, all types of fault analysis
and voltage stability problems using power station program.

2.5

Evaluate these objectives by panel of experts based on the project

objectives and then revise them based on the evaluation.

2.6

Questionnaire of 4th year power & machine section about power system
course (after applying)

2.6.1 Questionnaire

( ):
:
Power System :
.1

.2

.3

.4

24

 .5 CAD tools

.6 CAD tools

.7 CAD tools

:
2.6.2 Statistics of the 4th year power & machine students questionnaire

Arab Republic of Egypt

Ministry of Higher Education
)Project Management Unit (PMU
)Higher Education Enhancement Project Fund (HEEPF

)(D-147-P2
: Power System
. : ) (

.8

42.42%

54.55%
3.03%

0.6

0.5

0.3

0.4

0.1

0.2

.9

24.24%

57.58%
18.18%

25
0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

.10

69.70%

.11
25.76%

CAD tools

.12

3.03%

0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.7

0.5

0.8.4

75. 76%

3.03%
22.73%

0.8

0.6

0.7

0.4

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.1

.5 CAD tools

62.12%

16.67 %
19.70 %

0.7

0.5

0.6

0.3

0.4

0.2

0.1

.6 CAD tools

48.48%

13 .64 %
31. 82 %

26
0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

 CAD tools .7

71.21%

9.09 %
19.70%

3. Course Two
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

(Electrical Power for third year students, 1st term)

3.1 Data statistics of the basic knowledge /design skills
3.1.1 Analysis of the existing course and determine
the key points of taught knowledge:The actual course studies these subjects: Electrical power system constants,
Electrical power system performance of operation,
Electrical power system distribution,
Transmission lines,
Power cables,
Design of isolation,
Mechanical design of transmission lines.
This course is very important one as it teaches the students the
basic knowledge in the power systems. However, they study only
very simple cases and the more complex problems which are the
real ones) could not be covered as they need CAD tools which are
not available. This program tends to teach the students how to make
detailed computer programs dealing with the various cases in the
electric grid.

References:
-John J. Grainger and William D. Stevenson, Jr. POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS,
McGraw Hill, Inc., 1994.
-B.M. Weedy and B.J. Cory ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS, John Wiley & Sons Ltd,
1998.

27

-Anthony J. Pansini Guide to Electrical Power Distribution Systems, CRC Press, 2000,
Sixth Edition.

3.1.2

Compare these key points with that gained in the

courses taught in the advanced international
universities.

Based on the courses taught in the international universities, electrical power course is
taught in one course for basic and advanced topics. The main topics have a vital change of
the selected topics which is applied these days. Also, the way of teaching is different. The
course has to be taught with forcing the student sight into the real problems. Therefore,
the electrical power course can be taught as to graduate an engineering who knows these
items:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Basic concepts in electrical power theories.

Transmission line constants.
Transmission line performance, electrical and mechanical design.
Theory and design of Suspension insulators.
DC and AC distributions.
Power cables.

3.2 New framework matrix

Based on the previous review of the actual taught and that taught in the advanced universities
with the student feedback through the designed questionnaire, we summarize the new conceptual
model for the electrical power course to be as follows:-

Lecture
1
2
3
4

Title
Basic concepts
Series impedance of transmission lines
Capacitance of transmission lines
Current and voltage relations on a
transmission line (part 1)

Current and voltage relations on a

transmission line (part 2)

Assignment 5

Exam
Mechanical design of transmission lines
Line insulators

Revision
Assignment 6
Assignment 7

6
7

28

Exercise & Lab

Assignment 1
Assignment 2
Assignment 3
Assignment 4

8
9
10

Dc transmission and distribution

Ac transmission and distribution
Underground cables
Exam

Assignment 8
Assignment 9
Assignment 10
Revision

3.3 Syllabus
Electrical Power
1. BASIC CONCEPTS

Power In Single Phase Ac Circuits

The Power Triangle

Direction Of Power Flow

Power In A Balanced Three Phase Circuits
Equivalent Wye Of Delta
Power In Balanced Three Phase Circuits

2. SERIES IMPEDANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINES

Types of Conductors

Resistance

Tabulated Resistance Values

Inductance of A conductor due to Internal Flux

Flux Linkages between Two Points External to an Isolated Conductor

Inductance of A Single Phase Two Wire Line

Flux Linkages of One Conductor in A Group

Inductance of Composite Conductor Lines

The Use of Tables

Inductance of Three Phase Lines with Equilateral Spacing

Inductance of Three Phase Lines with Unsymmetrical Spacing

Inductance Calculations for Bundled Conductors

3. CAPACITANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINES

29

Electric Field of A Long, Straight Conductor

The potential Difference between Two Points due to A Charge

Capacitance of A Two Wire Line

Capacitance of A Three Phase Line with Equilateral Spacing

Charging Current

Capacitance of A Three Phase Line with Unsymmetrical Spacing

Effect of Earth on the Capacitance of Three Phase Transmission Lines

Capacitance Calculations for Bundled Conductors

Parallel Circuit Three Phase Lines

4. CURRENT AND VOLTAGE RELATIONS ON A TRANSMISSION LINE

(PART 1)

Representation of Lines

The Short Transmission Line

The Medium Length Line

Ferranti Effect

5. CURRENT AND VOLTAGE RELATIONS ON A TRANSMISSION LINE

(PART 2)

The Long Transmission Line: Solution of the Differential Equations

The Long Transmission Line: Interpretation of the Equations

The Long Transmission Line: Hyperbolic Form of the Equations

The Equivalent Circuit of A Long Line

Power Flow through A Transmission Line

Reactive Compensation of Transmission Lines

6. MECHANICAL DESIGN OF TRANSMISSION LINES

Selection of Voltage for High Voltage Transmission Lines

30

Spacing of Conductors

Specifications of Transmission Lines

Main Considerations in the Mechanical Design of Transmission Lines

Loading on Transmission Conductors

Supports for Overhead Construction

Pole Length

Pole Strength

Pole Depth

Obstacles to Overhead Construction

Clearance from Ground

Tree Wires

Span, Sag and Tension

How the Weather Affects Conductors

Sag Tension Relation

The Effect of Wind and Ice Loading

Stringing of Transmission Lines

Effect of Temperature

7. LINE INSULATORS

Pin-Type Insulators

Post-Type Insulators

Advantage of Pin or Post over Suspension Insulators

Post-Type Insulators for Armless Construction

Suspension Insulators

Strain Insulators

Spool Insulators

31

Polymer (Plastic) Insulation

Attachment of Conductors to Insulators

Voltage Distribution over A String of Suspension

Equalization of Potential across each Unit

8. DC TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

Transmission and Distribution of DC Power

Two-wire and Three-wire Systems

Comparison of 2-Wire and 3-Wire Distribution Systems

Voltage Drop and Transmission Efficiency

DC distributor fed at One End

Uniformly Loaded Distributor

Distributor Fed at Both Ends with Equal Voltages

Distributor Fed at Both Ends with Unequal Voltages

Uniform Loading with Distributor Fed at Both Ends

Concentrated and Uniform Loading with Distributor Fed at One End

Ring Distributor

Current Loading and Load-Point Voltages in a 3-Wire System

Balancers

Booster

9. AC TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

General Layout of the System

Power Transmission
Water-Current Analogy

THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Determining Distribution Voltages

32

Functions of A Substation

Types of Substations

Substation Equipment

AC Distributor Calculations

10. UNDERGROUND CABLES

Underground Construction

Underground Residential Distribution Layouts

Underground Commercial and Industrial Supply

Buried Cable

Underground Cable Sheath

Conductors

Insulation

Armor

Submarine Cable

Cable in Conduit

Manholes

Drainage and Waterproofing of Manholes

Pulling Cable through a Conduit

Joints or Splices

Connections-Terminals

Cable Racking in Manholes

Arc-Proofing Cables

Risers and Potheads

Insulation Resistance of a single- Core Cable

Capacitance of 3-Core Belted Cables

33

Tests for Three-Phase Cable Capacitance

3.4

Set up the objectives of each program based on the

conceptual model for the basic knowledge and design
skills.

The gained design skills will be:

-Be familiar with Matlab program.
-Be familiar how to write programs with the Matlab m-files, running these files,
plotting and etc.
-Be familiar with the Matlab powersys block sets program.
-Be familiar with using the Matlab powersys block sets program to draw and
simulate the simple and complex power problems.

3.5

Evaluate these objectives by panel of experts based on the

project objectives and then revise them based on the
evaluation.

4. Course three:- (Power System Training Course)

4.1 Syllabus
1. MATLAB Training Part
2. ETAB Training Part

34

4.2 Course Objective

This course teaches the engineer very important topics in the power systems. They will
deal with real networks and complex circuits. They will be taught how to make detailed
computer programs dealing with the various events in the electric grid.

References:
-John J. Grainger and William D. Stevenson, Jr. POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS,
McGraw Hill, Inc., 1994.
-B.M. Weedy and B.J. Cory ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS, John Wiley & Sons Ltd,
1998.
- Power System Blocksets Manual within MATLAB Program.
- ETAB Manual

4.3 Data statistics of the basic knowledge /design skills

Design, distribute, collect, and analyze a questionnaire for
undergraduates, recent graduates, academic staff, and
industrial supervisors to identify their opinions about the
required knowledge/design skills for the selected program.

4.3.1Training course questionnaire

6 /15/7 :
:

: :

35

:
:

statistics of training course

Engineer numbers: 20
Arab Republic of Egypt
Ministry of Higher Education
)Project Management Unit (PMU

36

)Higher Education Enhancement Project Fund (HEEPF

)(D-147-P2
:
) (

37

:
-
-

-
-
-

-

4.4 Evaluate these objectives by panel of experts based on the

project objectives and then revise them based on the evaluation.

38