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Design Shell and Tube

This document summarizes the design of a shell and tube heat exchanger with 1-2 tube passes and analyzes its performance. Calculations are shown to determine the minimum required heat transfer area, characteristics of the tubes and shell, heat transfer coefficients, and overall heat transfer coefficient. The selected tube and shell design meets the required heat duty and has an overall heat transfer coefficient that falls within the typical design range, indicating the heat exchanger can be used.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Maskur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
124 views

Design Shell and Tube

This document summarizes the design of a shell and tube heat exchanger with 1-2 tube passes and analyzes its performance. Calculations are shown to determine the minimum required heat transfer area, characteristics of the tubes and shell, heat transfer coefficients, and overall heat transfer coefficient. The selected tube and shell design meets the required heat duty and has an overall heat transfer coefficient that falls within the typical design range, indicating the heat exchanger can be used.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Maskur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Operasi Teknik Kimia II

DESIGN SHELL and TUBE HEAT


EXCHANGER 1-2 Pass

Disusun Oleh :
Ghaida Gusrinisa
14 2012 020
Adli Azharuddin 14 2012 023
Ahmad Maskur 14 2012 030
Dosen :
Carlina D. Ariono, Ir., M.T

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI NASIONAL


Fakultas Teknologi Industri Jurusan Teknik Kimia
Jalan PKH Hasan Mustapa No.23, Jawa Barat 40124, Indonesia Telp/Fax.
(+62 22) 7272215
Web : www.itenas.ac.id

2014
PERFORMANCE OF UNIT
Unit

Shell Side (Cold)

Tube Side (hot)

Fluid Name
Cooling Water
Total Fluid Entering
kg/hr
115400
Vapor
kg/hr
0
Liquid
kg/hr
115400
Steam
kg/hr
0
Nonkg/hr
0
Condensable
Fluid Vaporizer or
kg/hr
0
Cond.
Steam Condensed
kg/hr
0
Spesific Gravity
kg/m3
990
Viscosity
Cp
0,99
o
Thermal Conductivity
W/m C
0,630
Specific Heat
J/kg.oC
4180
o
Temperature in
C
35
o
Temperature out
C
45
Operating Preasure
kPa
101,33
Number Passes per
1
Shell
Velosity
m/s
Preasure Drop
Negleted
Fouling Resistance
Negleted
Heat Exchanged
1742 kW
Heat Transfer Rate Service
716,916 W/m 2 o C

Light Crude Oil


110000
0
110000
0
0
0
0
810
2,30
0,117
1900
85
55
101,33
2
2,783
Negleted
Negleted
LMTD (Corrected)

30,72 oC

CONTRUCTION SHELL and TUBE


Tube
Number of Tube
Material Tube
Shell
Shell Type
Head Shell Type
Baffle / Tube Support

No 5/8 in O.D.
12 BWG
20 ft Lenght
13/16 in Pitch
Tubeheet : triangular
Fixed tube
2 Pass Tube
Steel 1% carbon
19,25 in O.D.Shell
I.D.Shell
Type E
1 Pass Shell
Fornt End Stationary Head Type A
Rear End Head Type M
0,733 m Picth
25 % Cut
Horizontal Singe
Segmental Baffle

Page 1 of 15

LAMPIRAN A PERHITUNGAN

Panas yang harus dipertukarkan

Qh=mh C p T h
h

Qh= 30,556

kg
J
1900
( 8555 ) K
s
kg . K

)(

Qh=1, 742.10 6 W
Q=Qc =Q h=1,742. 106 W

Luas perpindahan panas yang diperlukan


- Logaritmic Mean Temperature Deferensial(LMTD) pada alat dan faktor
koreksi suhu(

FT )

85

55

T1
45

T2
32

LMTD=

T 1 T 2
T1
ln
T2

R=

T h T h
T c T c
a

S=

T c T c
T h T c
b

Page 2 of 15

LMTD=

( 8545 ) (5532)
( 8545 )
ln
(5532)

z=

85 55
45 32

z=2,3077

H=

45 32
85 32

H =0,2453

LMTD=30,72

Dari grafik pada lampiran C, dengan


dihitung sebelumnya, didapatkan nilai

dan

yang sudah

FT =0,9256 . Untuk koefisien

perpindahan panas menyeluruh (U) secara literatur Udesign untuk


penggunaan fluida ligh oil dan air berada pada range 62 158 (british
unit) atau 352 897 (SI unit). Dengan mengambil U design 624

W
m .
2

maka luas perpindahan panas outside minimal(Ao

minimal

adalah

Q=Uo . Ao . LMTD . FT

1,742. 106 W = 624

W
( Ao )( 30,72 ) ( 0,9256 )
m .
2

A o minimal =98,064 m2

Karakteristik Tube yang digunakan


Setelah melakukan perhitungan dan try eror maka tube yang digunakan
pada Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger ini adalah tube 5/8 in BWG 12
dengan karakteristik sebagai berikut :
Diameter dalam tube

Di=0,407 0,01 m

Diameter luar tube

D o=5 /8 0,016 m

Panjang tube

L=20 ft=6,096 m

Jumlah Tube

n=323

Page 3 of 15

Tube yang digunakan harus menghasilkan luas perpindahan panas

Ao

yang sedikit lebih besar atau sama dengan luas perpindahan panas
outside minimal (Ao minimal).Dimana perhitungan

A o menghasilkan :

A o = . Do . L . n
A o = .(0,016 m). (6,096 m) .323
2

A o =98,200 m
A o A o minimal

Tube yang digunakan akan membuat aliran fluida didalam tube adalah
turbulen sesuai dengan perhitungan dibawah ini :

n
A cs = . . Di2
2 4
A cs =

G=

323
. . ( 0,01 m)2
2 4

A cs =0,014 m2

mh
A cs

v=

kg
s
G=
0,014 m2

mh

2
h . . Di
4

30,556

G=2,254.10

30,556
v=
kg
m2 . s

kg
s

(810 kgm ) . 4 . ( 0,01 m )

v =2,783

m
s

Dimana Acs adalah total cross section tube dan G adalah laju alir massa
persatuan luas total cross section maka bilangan reynold Nre diperoleh :

N tube =D i .

G
h

kg
2
m .s
N tube =( 0,01 m )
3 kg
2,3.10
m.s
2,254 .10

N tube =1,013.10 4
Nre yang diperoleh melebihi 2300 maka aliran dinyatakan turbulen

Page 4 of 15

Karakteristik shell yang digunakan


Dengan jumlah tube adalah 269 dan penyusunan tube yang diambil
adalah sistem triangular maka design yang diambil adalah :
Diameter Shell

D s=19,25 0,489 m

Pitch Buffel

P=0,5 D s=0,733
p=

Pitch Tube

25 cut

Opened Buffel

13
0,021 m
16
sehingga

f b=0,1955

Koefisien perpindahan panas individual


-

Koefisien perpindahan panas individual shell (

mc =

ho )

qc
Cp Tc
c

mc =

1, 742.10
J
4180
. ( 4532 )
kg . K

mc =32,051

kg
s

mc =115400

kg
h

N b=n. f b
N b=( 323 )( 0,1955 )
N b=63,147 64

. D s2
. D o2
S b=f b .
N b .
4
4

G b=

mc
Sb

( 0,489 m )2
( 0,016 m )2
S b= ( 0,1955 )
( 64 )
4
4
Page 5 of 15

kg
s
G b=
2
0,024 m

S b=0,024 m2

32,051

Gb=1,333 . 103

S c =P . D s . 1

Do
p

Gc =

S c =( 0,733 m ) ( 0,489m ) 1

( 0,016 m )
( 0,021m )

kg
2
m .s

mc
Sc

kg
s
Gc =
0,074 m2

32,051

S c =0,074 m

Gc =433,343

kg
m2 . s

G e = G b . G c

Ge = 1,333 . 103

kg
kg
433,343 2
2
m .s
m .s

)(

kg
m2 . s

Ge =760,089

N shell =Do .

Ge
c

N Pr shell =C p

c
kc

kg
J
m2 .Ns
N shell =( 0,016 m )
Pr shell = 4180
kg . K
kg
0,99. 103
m.s

N shell =1,219.104

760,089

(0,99.10 m.kgs )
) 0,63 W
( m.K )
3

N Pr shell =6,569

Page 6 of 15

N
kc
Do
0,6
h o=0,2.( N shell )

.( Pr shell)0,33 .

4 0,6

ho =0,2. ( 1,219.10 ) ( 6,569 )


ho =4,178 . 103

0,33

( 0,63 mW. K )
( 0,016 m )

W
m .
2

Koefisien perpindahan panas individual tube(

n
A cs = . . Di2
2 4
A cs =

G=

323
. . ( 0,01 m)2
2 4

mh
A cs

kg
s
G=
2
0,014 m
30,556

A cs =0,014 m2

G=2,254.103

Cp

2
3

hi= ( 0,023 ) . G0,8 . k h .

kg
2
m .s

1
3
h

Di . h0,47

hi= ( 0,023 ) . 2,254 .10 3

hi=1,422 . 103

hi )

0,2

kg
m2 . s

0,8

) (

. 0,117

W
m.K

2
3

1900

J
kg . K

1
3

( 0,01m )0,2 . ( 2,3.103 m )

0,47

W
m .
2

Page 7 of 15

Overall Heat Transfer Coeffisien (

k m =45

x w=

Uo

W
m.

DoDi ( 0,016 m )( 0,01 m )


=
=2,769. 103 m
2
2

L = DoDi = ( 0,016 m )( 0,01 m ) =0,013 m


D
D
( 0,016 m )
ln o
ln
Di
( 0,01 m )

U o=

Do

( h1 )( ) ( )( D )+( h1 )
i

U o=

1
Do
xw
+
Di
km

1
1,422 . 103

W
m .
2

U o=716,765

W
m .

U o=126,229

BTU
o
ft . F .h

0,016 m
2,769 . 103 m
+
0,01 m
W
45
m .

m
1
+
( 0,016
)
0,013 m
4,178 .10

W
m .
2

Evaluasi Design
-

U o harus berada di dalam range U design agar HE dapat


digunakan.
Range U design : 62 sampai 158

126,229

BTU
ft . o F . h dan
2

U o yang diperoleh

BTU
ft . oF . h
2

U design minimal <

U o < U design maksimum

Sehingga HE dapat digunakan


-

Kalor yang dapat dipindahkan HE (QHE) harus lebih besar dari


perpindahan kalor yang antar fluida (Q)

Page 8 of 15

Q=1, 742.10 6 W
dan

QHE =U o . Ao . LMTD. F T

QHE = 716,765

W
( 98,200 m2 ) ( 30,72 )( 0,9256 )
m .
2

QHE =2,001 .106 W

QHE Q

Sehingga HE dapat digunakan

SYMBOLS
LMTD

Logaritmic Mean Temperature Deferensial

FT

Faktor koreksi suhu

Th

Suhu masuk fluida panas

Th

Suhu keluar fluida panas

Tc

Suhu masuk fluida dingin

Tc

Suhu keluar fluida dingin

Uo

Koefisien keseluruhan perpindahan panas di luar tube

Ao

Luas di luar tube

Di

Diameter dalam tube

Do

Diameter luar tube

Panjang tube

Jumlah tube

A cs

Total cross section area tube per pass

Mass velocity in tube

Page 9 of 15

mh

Laju alir massa fluida panas

Kecepatan linier di tube

Massa jenis fluida panas

N tube

Reynolds number fluida di tube

Viskositas fluida panas

mc

Laju alir massa fluida dingin

Cp

Kapasitas panas fluida dingin

Cp

Kapasitas panas fluida panas

Th

Beda suhu fluida panas

Ratio of temperature ranges in crossflow or multipass exchanger,


dimensionless

Heating effectiveness, dimensionless

Tc

Beda suhu fluida dingin

Baffle pitch

Tube pitch

Ds

Diameter shell

fb

Fraction of cross-sectional area of shell occupies by baffle window

Nb

Jumlah tube di baffle window

Sb

Cross-sectional area for flow in baffle window

Sc

Cross-sectional for crossflow in exchanger shell

Gb

Mass velocity in baffle window

Gc

Mass velocity in crossflow

Ge

Mass velocity effective value in exchanger

N shell

Reynolds number fluida in shell

Viskositas fluida dingin

N Pr shell

Prandtl number fluida in shell

kc

Konduktivitas termal fluida dingin

ho

Koefisien perpindahan panas individual di shell

hi

Koefisien perpindahan panas individual di tube


Page 10 of 15

km

Konduktivitas termal dinding tube

xw

Tebal dinding tube

L
D

Logarithmic mean of inside and outside diameter tube

Page 11 of 15

LAMPIRAN B : TYPICAL OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER


COEFFICIENT DESIGN

LAMPIRAN C : TABLE MTD Correction Factor for 1-2 Shell


and Tube HE

Page 12 of 15

LAMPIRAN D : TUBE DATA DESIGN

Page 13 of 15

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Byrne, Richard C. 1999. Standards of The Tubular Exchanger
Manufacturers Association 8th ed. New York : Tubular Exchanger
Manufacturers Association, Inc.
Edward, John E. 2008. Design and Rating for Shell and Tube Heat
Exchangers. Teesside : P & I Design Ltd
McCabe, Warren L., Julian C. Smith, Peter Harriot. 2005. UNIT
OPERATION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING. Singapore: McGraw-Hill
Richard, dkk. 2008. Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook 8th ed
Section 11 Heat-Transfer Equipment. New York: McGraw-Hill
Serth, Robert W. 2007. Process Heat Transfer: Principles and
Applications 1st ed. Texas : Elsevier Ltd.

Page 14 of 15

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