Kinematics Packet Part I
Kinematics Packet Part I
Kinematics Packet Part I
Date:__________________
Science starts with observations and capturing what you observe in some
way- words, sketches, numbers, etc.
Analyze the objects motion from the instant just after release to the
instant the object hits the ground
Object
Paper
Pen
Ball
(Just Dropped)
(Tossed Up)
(Just Dropped)
What initiated
motion?
Describe path
taken by object
Moving the
fastest when
Moving the
slowest when
How did the
motion end?
Time to hit the
ground (rank
slowest to
fastest)
After the end of your group and full group and discussion time, what did you
learn? Write down at least two questions you have- based on curiosities
and/or confusions
Galil
eo
Kinematics is
Example: Observe a car traveling on a table: Describe the motion in your own words.
What physical quantities can be measured to determine characteristics of the motion?
Average Speed is
Average Speed, V
avg
or V
Instantaneous Speed, Vn
Class Practice #1 : An object moves from point 1 to point 2 and covers the 12 cm in 3 sec.
What is the objects average speed? NOTE: Givens are listed using variables and
identified in the sketch
t =0s
1
t =3s
2
d =0 cm
1
d = 12 cm
2
Class Practice # 2: What is the objects average speed from point 2 to point 3? How about the
average speed from point 1 to 3 if point 3 is located 45cm from its starting point (point 1) and it
takes 6 seconds to get to point 3? ID important info on that should be listed or sketched
TIME
MASS
SYMBOL
UNIT (SI)
Fundamental vs. Derived Units
The meter, (m), second, (s), and kilogram (kg) are metric fundamental units
All other units are derived from the fundamental units.
EXAMPLE: Speed is length / time = meters/seconds, (m/s) is a derived
unit
SI prefixes
Factor Name Symbol Factor Name Symbol
106
mega
103
kilo
102
hecto
101
PREFIXES
ON FRONT
PAGE OF
YOUR
REFERENC
to
the previous
E TABLES
Refer
practice #3
deka
da
10-1
deci
10-2
centi
10-3
milli
10-6
micro
10-9
nano
Class Practice #3 How far did the object travel in moving from position 1 to position 3
(d or d3,1)? If the position of 3 relative to position 1 is 45cm and this is accomplished
in 6.0 secs? In cms, meters, feet, and miles
In feet:
In miles:
c. 1500m= ___________ mi
What was your average speed in m/s? What could you be if you move this fast?
3. Your speed is uniform at 45 kilometers per hour. What distance did you travel
in 20 minutes in km? What could you be if you move this fast?
4. Your speed is uniform at 36 m/min. How much time would be needed to move
9.0 meters? What could you be if you move this fast?
Do Now: If you are driving at 60 mph and you need to sneeze resulting in
you closing your eyes, how far do you travel with your eyes closed? (in feet)
Note: A Typical single sneeze lasts for 2.9 seconds
10
Reporting Error
Percent Error= Observed- Accepted x 100%
Accepted
Absolute Error=Observed- Accepted
with each value having the same probability, the standard deviation is
12
TIME, t (s)
Position, d, (m)
10
10
20
20
30
30
40
30
50
20
60
10
70
13
5. What was her average speed over the first 30s? Over the first 40 s?
6. What was the average speed of the ostrich between t=0s to t=20s?
7. What was the average speed of the ostrich between t=40s and t=70s?
8. Can you calculate when the ostrich will be at 25m? If so, what do you
need to assume and when does it happen?
9. What do you think the significance of the sign of the slope is?
14
How would you read this? (smallest tick marks are in ml) How many
significant digits would you record?
15
16
Ex.
3.785 cm
326.035 cm ANSWER= 326.0 cm
7. Multiplication and Division Rule- Product or quotient should
not have more significant figures that the least precise factor.
Ex
4.8cm is least precise factor and has 2 sig figs, so ANSWER= 9.2 cm 3
17
2300
5.21
5420
90000
4.050
5406
73.0
0.00007
0.0078
1521
60.06
907.7
18
1 Significant
Figure
2 Significant
Figures
19
3 Significant
Figures
4 Significant
Figures
Answer questions by using full sentences and record your answers on a separate piece of paper or the
space provided (if there are blanks or boxes for responses) . Do not squeeze it in or place in margins!
All calculations must include equations as well as numbers with units.
Show all work unless stated otherwise (For example, one sample calculation may be asked for)
GRAPHING:
Graphs must always have titles with both axes labeled that include name, variable, and unit.
Graphs can be done by hand on graph paper or you can use excel.
Best-fit curves can be eyeballed or done statistically. A best fit curve may linear or nonlinear.
Data points cannot be ignored unless there is good reason to do so and it is stated.
Never connect the dots - Use a best-fit curve / trendline.
If you find a relationship between data, it is done through your trend line. Example acceleration for a
velocity-time plot is the slope of your trendline and not a slope found via the data points (unless they
are on your trendline)
DATA ANALYSIS:
Analyze data using tables and your trendline. If you show that you have an inverse relationship
between data, then that should be reflected in your answers.
Always think about what you are saying- Does it make sense? Why or why not? Does it agree with
what your graphs and data tables are telling you?
SUBMITTING YOUR WORK:
Measuring tape
Stop watch
Level
Do Now: ESTIMATE the mass of the average football player on Rye Necks
team?
An Order of Magnitude is .
Ex 1
356000 m has three significant figures. In order to have only one significant
figure to the left of the decimal point, I need to move the decimal point 5
places to the left, so my exponent is ___. So,
356000 m=
Ex 2
0.0000035 m has two significant figures. In order to have one significant
figure to the left of the decimal point, I need to move the decimal point 6
places to the right, so my exponent is ____. So,
0.0000035 m =
2. -4.050 m= ____________
6. 0.00007 s= _____________
1. (203.7m)(76m)= ___________________
Displacement,
Vector Quantity-
What happened to the ostrich after t=70 secs? What does this negative displacement
mean for our feathered friend?
What is the total distance over the 90 seconds (traveled by the ostrich?
Velocity,
, (m/s)
* NOTE- Technically, Were Talking Average Speed and Average Velocity for these definitions unless whatever
is moving is doing so at constant speed or constant velocity in a straight line
Now, what does the slope of the position time plot tell you?
1. SKIER QUESTION:
A. Use the diagram to determine the resulting displacement and the distance traveled by the
skier during these three minutes. (Show how you arrived at your answer)
B. Use the diagram to determine the resulting average speed and velocity of the skier in m/s as
she traveled the above path for three minutes. (Show how you arrived at your answer)
Lesson #7: How do I eye ball and identify relationship between two
variables?
DISCUSSION STARTER: Plot your data from the first lab on a position vs
time plot on a piece of graph paper. Title and Label your graph properly!
See your Ostrich Stories and work in these notes.
Critique on Graphs: Are either of these graphs good examples of graphing
data and establishing a relationship between the dependent and
independent variable for a lab report? Why or Why not?
GRAPH A
GRAPH B
Graphing Relationships
ID THE PLOTS: DIRECT, INVERSE, INVERSE SQUARED,
NO RELATIONSHIP, SQUARED
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
a. Identify the time interval when the cart was moving the fastest. How do you
know? What direction is it moving
b. Identify the time interval when the cart was moving the fastest in a positive
direction. How do you know?
c. Identify the time when the object changed direction. How do you know?
Acceleration is
Instantaneous Acceleration
t (s)
acceleration vs time?
a
(m/s2)
t (s)
t (s)
A PHYSICS REFRESHER:
Instantaneous Velocity is the velocity of an
object at specific time and can be found by
finding the slope of the tangent line to the
position vs. time curve.
Steeper Slope= __________________
(faster/slower) change in position aka
velocity
Shallower Slope= __________________
(faster/slower) change in position aka
velocity
Q: What is the sign of the objects instantaneous velocity along the curve (aka the
slopes of the tangents to the curve)?
A _____ (+/-) velocity means that the object is moving to the ________ (right/left)
a
(m/s2 )
V
(m/s)
t (s)
t (s)
X X X
Motion 3:
X X X
t (s)
t (s)
V
(m/s)
t (s)
t (s)
How would the acceleration time plots look for these motions?
a
(m/s2)
a
(m/s2)
t (s)
t (s)
A BRIEF REVIEW
Velocity is:
How fast you change position expressed in units of m/s
Is a vector quantity
Instantaneous velocity, Vn can be determined by finding the slope of the tangent
to the position-time curve at a particular point in time n
If the rate of change of position is the same, the motion is constant or uniform and
is the slope of the line representing the position as a function of time
Acceleration is:
t (s)
ss
(m)
t
t (s)
t (s)
t (s)
t
V
ss
(m)
ss
(m)
Problem #1: A 2000 Acura Integra GS Coupe begins from rest and
accelerates to 60 mph in 7.9 seconds, what was its acceleration in
m/s2?
http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/MeredithBarricella.shtml
3. 90 km/hr
EXPLAIN!
Tracks A and B are made from pieces of channel iron of the same length.
They are bent identically except for a small dip near the middle of Track
B. When the balls are simultaneously released on both tracks as
indicated, the ball that races to the end of the track first is on
1. Track A.
2. Track B.
3. Both reach the end at the same time.
PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLVING #5
EXPLAIN!
1. Fundamental Unit
2. Derived Unit
3. Precision
4. Accuracy
5. Scalar Quantity
6. Vector Quantity
7. Distance, d
8. Displacement, s
9. Average Speed, V
Equation/(s)
Units
16. Order of
Magnitude
Equation/(s)
Units
17. Significant
Figures-# of Certain
vs. Uncertain Figures
for a Measurement
18. Area Under the Vt Plot
19. Slope of Position
vs time Plot
20. Slope of V-t Plot
21. Kinematic
Equations for Constant
Accelerated Motion
in 1-D
25. Conditions for
Constant Velocity
Motion in 1-D
26. Conditions for
Decelerated Motion
in 1-D
27. Conditions for
Constant Velocity
Motion in 1-D