Ashrae 90.1-2013 Hvac-Explained
Ashrae 90.1-2013 Hvac-Explained
ANSI/ASHRAE/IES
Standard 90.1-2013 HVAC
1
www.energycodes.gov
HVAC Compliance
Building System
Compliance Options
Prescriptive
Option
Envelope
HVAC
Mandatory
Provisions
SWH
Power
Trade Off
Option
Energy Code
Compliance
Energy Cost
Budget
Lighting
Other
Simplified
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Section 6 6.1.1
HVAC Scope
New Buildings
Additions to Existing Buildings
Alterations in Existing Buildings
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Section 6 6.1.1.3
Cooling systems
New cooling systems installed to serve previously uncooled spaces
shall comply with this section
Alterations to existing cooling systems shall not decrease economizer
capacity (unless economizer tradeoff is used)
Ductwork
New and replacement ductwork shall comply with applicable
requirements
Piping
New and replacement piping shall comply with applicable requirements
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Section 6 6.1.1.3
HVAC Alterations
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Section 6 6.2
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Section 6 6.3
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Section 6 6.3
Simplified Approach Criteria
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
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At control demands
2/3 of the full fan speed OR
volume of outdoor air required to meet Standard 62.1
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Section 6 6.3.2
Economizers
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Section 6 6.5.1
Economizer Exceptions
Exceptions
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Section 6 6.3
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Section 6 6.3
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Section 6 6.3
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Hot water piping between shut off valve and coil, not > 4 ft in length,
when located in conditioned spaces
Piping 1 in.
No insulation required for strainers, control values, and balancing
values
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Section 6 6.8.3
Piping Insulation
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Required if:
Supply air capacity value listed in Tables 6.5.6.1-1 and 6.5.6.1-2
Values are based on climate zone and % of outdoor air flow rate at
design conditions
Requirements now extend below 30% outside air for large airflows
Table 6.5.6.1-1 used for all ventilation systems operating < 8,000
hrs/yr
Table 6.5.6.1-2 used for all ventilation systems operating 8,000
hrs/yr
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DCV must be provided for each zone with a area > 500 ft and
the design occupancy > 25 people/1000 ft where the HVAC
system has:
air-side economizer,
automatic modulating control of OSA dampers
design outdoor airflow > 3,000 cfm
Demand control ventilation (DCV): a ventilation system capability that provides for the automatic reduction
of outdoor air intake below design rates when the actual occupancy of spaces served by the system is less
than design occupancy.
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Exceptions:
Systems with exhaust air energy recovery meeting 6.5.6.1
Multiple-zone systems without DDC of individual zones
communicating with central control panel
Systems with design outdoor air flow < 750 cfm
Spaces where > 75% of space design outdoor airflow is required
for makeup air exhausted from space or transfer air exhausted from
other spaces
Spaces with one of the following occupancy categories per
ASHRAE 62.1
Correctional cells
Daycare sickrooms
Science labs
Barbers, beauty, and nail salons
Bowling alley seating
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HVAC Compliance
Building System
Compliance Options
Prescriptive
Option
Envelope
HVAC
Mandatory
Provisions
SWH
Power
Trade Off
Option
Energy Code
Compliance
Energy Cost
Budget
Lighting
Other
Simplified
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Section 6 6.4
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Section 6 6.4.1.1
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Section 6 6.4.1.4
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Section 6 6.4.1.5
Labeling
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Section 6 6.4.2.1
Load Calculations
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Section 6 6.4.2.2
Pump Head
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Section 6 6.4.3.1
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Section 6 6.4.3.2
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Section 6 6.4.3.3
Controls Off-Hour
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Section 6 6.4.3.3.1
Exception
Residential occupancies allowed to operate with only 2 different
time schedules/wk
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Section 6 6.4.3.3.2
Controls Setback
Heating systems
Maintain unoccupied zone temperatures at an adjustable setpoint
at least 10F below occupied heating setpoint
Cooling systems
Temporarily operate during unoccupied periods to
Maintain unoccupied zone temperatures at an adjustable setpoint at
least 5F above the occupied cooling setpoint
May operate cooling as needed to prevent high space humidity levels
Exception
Radiant heating systems with setback heating setpoint at least 4F
below occupied heating setpoint
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Section 6 6.4.3.3.3
Controls Optimum Start
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Section 6 6.4.3.3.4
Controls Zone Isolation
Applies to
Each floor in a multistory building
Maximum 25,000 ft2 zones
Requirements
Central systems shall have
devices and controls to ensure
stable operation with only the
smallest isolation zone being
supplied
Capable of separate time
schedules for each isolation zone
Figure 6-E
Isolation Methods for a Central VAV System
(Users Manual 90.1.-2007)
Exceptions
OSA and exhaust isolation when system supply air is < 5,000 cfm
Exhaust isolation where single zone exhaust airflow less than
10% of system exhaust airflow
Zones with continuous operation
BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Exceptions
Backdraft gravity dampers okay
For exhaust and relief in buildings < 3 stories in height above grade
Of any height in climate zones 1 3
Design intake or exhaust capacity of 300 cfm or less
Ventilation systems serving unconditioned spaces
Exhaust systems serving type 1 kitchen exhaust hoods
300 CFM
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Section 6 6.4.3.4.3
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Section 6 6.4.3.4.3
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Section 6 6.4.3.4.4
Ventilation Fan Controls
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Section 6 6.4.3.4.5
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Section 6 6.4.3.5
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Section 6 6.4.3.6
Exceptions
Zones served by desiccant systems, used with direct
evaporative cooling in series
Systems serving zones (museums and hospitals)
where
specific humidity levels are required by accreditation or
approved by AHJ, and
configured to maintain a deadband of at least 10% RH
with no active humidification or dehumidification
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Section 6 6.4.3.7
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Section 6 6.4.3.9
Heating in Vestibules
Exception, vestibules:
with no heating system
tempered with transfer air that would otherwise be exhausted
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Section 6 6.4.3.10
DDC Requirements
Where required per the table, the DDC system must be capable to provide control logic
per 6.5
Monitoring zone and system demand for fan pressure, pump pressure, heating, and
cooling
Transferring zone and system demand information from zones to air distribution system
controllers and from air distribution systems to heating and cooling plant controllers
Automatically detecting those zones and systems that may be excessively driving the
reset logic and generate an alarm or other indication to the system operator
Readily allowing operator removal of zone(s) from the reset algorithm
Where required in new buildings, DDC system to be capable of trending and graphically
displaying input and output points
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Section 6 6.4.4
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Section 6 6.4.4.1.1
General
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Section 6 6.4.4.1.2
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Section 6 6.4.4.2.2
Duct Leakage Tests
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Section 6 6.4.5
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Section 6 6.4.5
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Section 6 6.4.6
Low-temperature cases to have primary temperaturebased defrost termination control with secondary timelimit termination.
Antisweat heater controls to reduce energy use of
antisweat heater as function of RH in air outside the
door or to condensation on inner class pane
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Compliance Options
Prescriptive
Option
Envelope
HVAC
Mandatory
Provisions
SWH
Power
Trade Off
Option
Energy Code
Compliance
Energy Cost
Budget
Lighting
Other
Simplified
57
BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Section 6 6.5
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Section 6 6.5.1.1.2
Control Signal
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Section 6 6.5.1.1.3
High Limit Shutoff
Not allowed:
Electronic hybrid enthalpy
Dew point and dry-bulb
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Section 6 6.5.1.1.3B
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Section 6 6.5.1.1.4
Dampers
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Section 6 6.5.1.1.5
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Section 6 6.5.1.1.6
Sensor Accuracy
Outdoor air, return air, mixed air, and supply sensors calibrated
Accuracy
Range
2F
40F-80F
3 Btu/lb
20-30 Btu/lb
5%
20%-80% RH
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Section 6 6.5.1.2.1
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Section 6 6.5.1.2.2
H ead
P re s s u re
C o n tro l
V a lv e
C o o lin g
Tow e r
In
E v a p o r a to r
O ut
O ut
C ondenser
In
C h ille r
CW P
E c o n o m iz e r
V a lv e
C lo s e s
In
E c o n o m iz e r
M ode
P rim a ry
C HW P
S e c o n d a ry
C HW P
W ith
H eat
V a r i a b le
E x c h a n g e rS p e e d D r i v e
CW P
2 -W a y
V a lv e
T y p ic a l
C o o lin g
C o il
C o o lin g
C o il
W ith
T e r tia r y
Pum p
CH W S
C HW R
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Section 6 6.5.1.3
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Section 6 6.5.1.3
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Section 6 6.5.1.4
Min. # of
Mechanical
Cooling Stages
Min. Compressor
Displacement
240,000
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Section 6 6.5.1.5
Designed so economizer
operation doesnt increase the
building heating energy use during
normal operation
Exception
Economizers on VAV systems that
cause zone level heating to
increase due to a reduction in
supply air temperature
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Section 6 6.5.1.6
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Section 6 6.5.2.1
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Section 6 6.5.2.1
Outside air flow rate to meet Standard 62.1 for the zone
Any higher rate that can be demonstrated to jurisdiction to reduce overall system annual energy usage
Air flow rate required to meet applicable codes or accreditation standards (pressure relationships or minimum air
change rates)
Air flow rate in dead band that doesnt exceed larger of these
Outdoor air flow rate to meet Standard 62.1 for the zone
Any higher rate that can be demonstrated to jurisdiction to reduce overall system annual energy usage
Air flow rate required to comply with applicable codes or accreditation standards, such as pressure relationships or
minimum air change rates
Air flow rate thats reheated, recooled, or mixed in peak heating demand < 50% of zone design peak supply
First stage of heating consists of modulating zone supply air temperature setpoint up to a maximum while air flow is
maintained at deadband flow rate
Second stage of heating consists of modulating air flow rate from deadband flow rate up to heating maximum flow rate
while maintaining the maximum supply air temperature
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Section 6 6.5.2.1.1
Exceptions
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Section 6 6.5.2.2
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Section 6 6.5.2.2.1
Three-Pipe System
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Section 6 6.5.2.2.2
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Section 6 6.5.2.2.3
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Section 6 6.5.2.3
Dehumidification
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Section 6 6.5.2.3
Dehumidification Exceptions
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Section 6 6.5.2.4
Humidification
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Section 6 6.5.2.5
Preheat Coils
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Section 6 6.5.3
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Section 6 6.5.3.1
Table 6.5.3.1.1-1
Two options:
nameplate hp (Option 1)
fan system bhp (Option 2)
Exceptions
Hospital, vivarium, and laboratory systems that utilize
flow control devices on exhaust and/or return to maintain
space pressure relationships necessary for occupant health
and safety or environmental control may use variablevolume fan power limitation
Individual exhaust fans with motor nameplate hp 1 hp
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Section 6 6.5.3.1
Fan Power Limitation
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Section 6 6.5.3.1
Fan Power Limitation
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Section 6 6.5.3.1.2
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Section 6 6.5.3.1.3
Fan Efficiency
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Section 6 6.5.3.2.1
Fan Control
DX cooling, chilled water, and evaporative cooling systems to be designed to vary indoor
fan airflow as a function of load
Cooling units that control capacity of mechanical cooling directly based on space
temperature to have at least 2 stages of fan control
DX 75,000 Btu/h capacity (65,000 effective 1/1/2016)
Chilled-water cooling units with fan motors 1/4 hp
Low or minimum
Speed 66 % of full speed
Draw 40% of fan power at full fan speed
Used during periods of low cooling load and ventilation-only operation
All other units, including DX cooling and chilled-water units that control space
temperature by modulating airflow to have modulating fan control
Minimum speed
50% of full speed
Draw 30% of power at full fan speed
Exceptions for cycling fans without ventilation or fans that need a higher speed to meet
62.1 ventilation requirements
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Section 6 6.5.3.2.2
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Section 6 6.5.3.2.3
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Section 6 6.5.3.3
Exceptions
VAV systems with zonal transfer fans that recirculate air from
other zones without directly mixing it with outdoor air, dual-duct
dual-fan VAV systems, and VAV systems with fan-powered
terminal units
Systems required to have exhaust air energy recovery
complying with 6.5.6.1
Systems where total design exhaust airflow is > 70% of total
outdoor air intake flow requirements
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Section 6 6.5.3.4
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Section 6 6.5.3.5
Exceptions, motors
In airstream within fan-coils and terminal units that
operate only when providing heat
Installed in space conditioning equipment certified
under 6.4.1
Covered by Table 10.8-4 or 10.8-5
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Section 6 6.5.4
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Section 6 6.5.4.2
Hydronic Variable Flow
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Section 6 6.5.4.2
Hydronic Variable Flow
Exceptions
Systems where
Minimum flow is < minimum flow required by equipment
manufacturer for proper operation of equipment served
by the system
Total pump system power 75 hp
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Section 6 6.5.4.3
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Section 6 6.5.4.4
Exceptions
If controls would result in improper operation
Hydronic systems with variable flow
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Section 6 6.5.4.5
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Section 6 6.5.4.6
Pipe Sizing
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Section 6 6.5.5
Air-cooled condensers
Dry coolers
Open-circuit cooling towers
Closed-circuit cooling towers
Evaporative condensers
Exceptions
Heat rejection devices included as an integral part of equipment
listed devices whose energy usage is included in Tables 6.8.1-1
through 6.8.1-4
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Section 6 6.5.5.2
Fan Speed Control
Exceptions
Condenser fans serving multiple refrigerant circuits or flooded condensers
Installations in climates zones 1 and 2
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Section 6 6.5.5.3
Exceptions
Ducted (inlet or discharge)
Require external sound attenuation
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Section 6 6.5.5.4
Tower Flow Turndown
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Section 6 6.5.6.2
Exceptions
If condenser heat recovery is used for space heating with a heat recovery
design > 30% of peak water-cooled condenser load at design conditions
If 60% of service water heating is provided from site-solar or siterecovered energy or other sources
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Section 6 6.5.7.1
Exception
If at least 75% of all replacement air is transfer air that would
otherwise be exhausted
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Section 6 6.5.7.1
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Section 6 6.5.7.1
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Section 6 6.5.7.2
Direct makeup air supply to equal at least 75% of exhaust air flow
rate, heated no warmer than 2F below room setpoint, cooled to no
cooler than 3F above room setpoint, no humidification added, and
no simultaneous heating and cooling used for dehumidification
control
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Section 6 6.5.8
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Section 6 6.5.9
Rated capacity
of system
Maximum HGBP,
% of total capacity
240,000 Btu/h
15%
10%
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Section 6 6.5.10
Door Switches
Exceptions
Building entries with automatic closing devices
Spaces without thermostats
Alterations to existing buildings
Loading docks
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Section 6 6.5.11
Refrigeration Systems
Exception:
systems with transcritical refrigeration cycle or ammonia
refrigerant
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Section 6 6.5.11.1
Fan-powered condensers
Design saturated condensing temperatures for air-cooled
condensers design dry bulb temperature
+ 10F for low-temperature systems
+ 15F for medium-temperature systems
Saturated condensing temperature for blend refrigerants TBD
using average of liquid and vapor temperatures as converted
from condenser drain pressure
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Section 6 6.5.11.1
(contd)
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Section 6 6.5.11.2
Compressor Systems
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Section 6 6.5.11.2
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Section 6 6.6.1
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Section 6 6.7
Submittals
Record drawings
Operating and maintenance manuals
System balancing
System commissioning
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Section 6 6.7.2.1
Drawings
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Section 6 6.7.2.2
Manuals
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Section 6 - 6.7.2.3
System Balancing
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Section 6 6.7.2.3.3
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Section 6 6.7.2.4
System Commissioning
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Compliance
Compliance Options
Prescriptive
Option
Envelope
HVAC
Mandatory
Provisions
SWH
Power
Trade Off
Option
Energy Code
Compliance
Energy Cost
Budget
Lighting
Other
Simplified
126
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Section 7
Section 7.2
You have to follow Sections
7.1,
7.4,
7.5,
7.7, and
7.8
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Section 7
Load calculations
Equipment efficiency
Service hot water piping insulation
System controls
Pools
Heat traps
Prescriptive Path (Section 7.5)
Space heating and water heating
Service water heating equipment
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Section 7 7.1.1
SWH Scope
New buildings
Additions to existing buildings
Alterations to existing buildings
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Section 7 7.1.1.3
SWH Alterations
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Section 7 7.4.1
Load Calculations
131
BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Section 7 7.4.2
Equipment Efficiency
Exception
Water heaters and hot water supply boilers > 140 gal storage
capacity dont have to meet standby loss requirements when
Tank surface is thermally insulated to R-12.5, and
A standing pilot light isnt installed, and
Gas- or oil-fired water heaters have a flue damper or fan-assisted combustion
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Section 7 7.8
Equipment Efficiency
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Section 7 7.4.3
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135
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Section 7 7.4.4
Temperature Controls
Temperature Maintenance Controls
Outlet Temperature Controls
Circulating Pump Controls
136
BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Section 7 7.4.4.1
Temperature Controls
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Section 7 7.4.4.2
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Section 7 7.4.4.3
Controls provided
To limit maximum temperature of water delivered from lavatory
faucets in public facility restrooms to 110F
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Section 7 7.4.4.4
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Section 7 7.4.5
Pools
141
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Section 7 7.4.6
Heat Traps
142
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Section 7 7.5.1
Jurisdiction agrees use of a single heat source will consume less energy
than separate units
Energy input of the combined boiler and water heater system is
< 150,000 Btu/h
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Section 7 7.5.2
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Section 7 7.5.3
Exceptions
Where 25% of annual SWH requirement is provided by site-solar
or site-recovered energy
Water heaters in individual dwelling units
Individual gas water heaters with input capacity 100,000 Btu/h*
*note: last exception is printed in error at 1,000,000 Btu/h see errata
sheet
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Section 7 7.7
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES
www.energycodes.gov