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    Me So Pot A Mia

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    II-2 Saint Clare
    The document summarizes four early river valley civilizations: the Sumerian civilization along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the Egyptian civilization along the Nile River, the Harappan civilization along the Indus River, and ancient China along the Huang He (Yellow) River. It then provides more detailed information about the Sumerian civilization, describing the environmental challenges they faced, their development of cities and division of labor, their religion, social classes, and other cultural and technological achievements including one of the earliest writing systems of cuneiform.

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    Me So Pot A Mia

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    II-2 Saint Clare
    33 views13 pages
    The document summarizes four early river valley civilizations: the Sumerian civilization along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the Egyptian civilization along the Nile River, the Harappan civilization along the Indus River, and ancient China along the Huang He (Yellow) River. It then provides more detailed information about the Sumerian civilization, describing the environmental challenges they faced, their development of cities and division of labor, their religion, social classes, and other cultural and technological achievements including one of the earliest writing systems of cuneiform.

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    Me So Pot a Mia

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    The document summarizes four early river valley civilizations: the Sumerian civilization along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the Egyptian civilization along the Nile River, the Harappan civilization along the Indus River, and ancient China along the Huang He (Yellow) River. It then provides more detailed information about the Sumerian civilization, describing the environmental challenges they faced, their development of cities and division of labor, their religion, social classes, and other cultural and technological achievements including one of the earliest writing systems of cuneiform.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    33 views13 pages

    Me So Pot A Mia

    Uploaded by

    II-2 Saint Clare
    The document summarizes four early river valley civilizations: the Sumerian civilization along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the Egyptian civilization along the Nile River, the Harappan civilization along the Indus River, and ancient China along the Huang He (Yellow) River. It then provides more detailed information about the Sumerian civilization, describing the environmental challenges they faced, their development of cities and division of labor, their religion, social classes, and other cultural and technological achievements including one of the earliest writing systems of cuneiform.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    4 early River Valley Civilizations

    • Sumerian Civilization - Tigris & Euphrates


    Rivers (Mesopotamia)
    • Egyptian Civilization - Nile River
    • Harappan Civilization - Indus River
    • Ancient China - Huang He (Yellow) River

    PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.


    Mesopotamia lies between two rivers
    •What is a crescent?
    •Why is this area called FERTILE CRESCENT?
    Sumerians were first to settle in this
    region, attracted by the rich soil.
    •What were the environmental challenges faced by
    the Sumerians?
    •What were their solutions? How did they arrive at
    these solutions?
    The invention of Agriculture
    changed the way people lived.
    • Agriculture (Farming)

    • Growth of Cities

    • Division of Labor
    (Specialization)

    • Trade

    • Writing and Mathematics


    SUMERIAN CITY-STATES
    • ALWAYS IN CONSTANT
    CONFLICT OVER WATER
    RIGHTS AND LAND
    • CREATED WALLS FOR
    PROTECTION, WITH
    MOATS ALONG THE
    OUTSIDE
    • FARMS WERE LOCATED
    ALONG THE OUTSIDE OF
    THE CITY
    • HELPED DEVELOP THE
    FIRST ORGANIZED
    RELIGION
    At center of each city was
    the walled temple with a
    ziggurat – a massive, tiered,
    pyramid-shaped structure.
    Right: Standing
    nude
    Powerful priests held much "priest-king,"
    political power in the ca. 3300–3000
    B.C.;
    beginning. Uruk.

    Left: Bas-relief
    depicting priests
    intervening
    between
    worshipers and
    gods.
    SUMERIAN CULTURE
    A. RELIGION
    1. Belief in many gods - polytheism
    God of the clouds / air was Enlil – the most powerful god.
    (Nearly 3,000 others – with human qualities. The Sumerians
    viewed their gods as hostile and unpredictable –
    similar to the natural environment around them.)

    Marduk, the Dragon god


    SUMERIAN CULTURE
    B. SOCIETY
    1. Three social classes
    a. Priests and royalty (kings)
    b. Wealthy merchants
    c. Ordinary workers
    [Slaves] –were not free citizens and thus not included in class system
    2. Women
    a. Had more rights than in many later civilizations
    (could own property, join lower ranks of priesthood)
    b. But not allowed to attend schools
    (could not read or write)

    Left: Statue of Sumerian woman with hands clasped at chest,


    ca. 2600-2300 B.C. Right: Gypsum statue of man and
    woman at Inanna Temple at Nippur, circa 2600-2300 B.C.
    SUMERIAN CULTURE
    Cylinder seals and their
    ancient impressions on
    administrative documents
    and locking devices are
    our richest source for a
    range of meaningful subject
    matters.
    A wealth of these have been
    discovered at Sumerian
    sites.
    PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
    Sumerian Writing: cuneiform

    Cuneiform is created by pressing a


    pointed stylus into a clay tablet.
    Cuneiform
    SUMERIAN CULTURE
    Other Sumerian Achievements

    1. One of the first writing systems –


    Cuneiform
    2. Invented wheel, the sail, the plow
    3. First to use bronze.
    4. One of the earliest sketched maps
    5. A number system in base 60 – from
    which stems our modern units of
    measuring time
    6. 360 degrees of a circle

    PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

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