Demography
Demography
TREND OF INDIA
DEMOGRAPHY OF INDIA – A GLANCE
A. IMPORTANCE
B. MEANING AND DEFINITION
C. NATURE OF THE STUDY
* SIZE
* COMPOSITION
* DISTRIBUTION
D. DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF INDIA
* SIZE AND GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION
* DENSITY OF POPULATION
* AGE COMPOSITION
* LITERACY RATE
* RURAL URBAN DISTRIBUTION OF
POPULATION
E. SOME FACTS AND FIGURES OF OUR POPULATION
Importance
Study of demography is increasingly assuming more importance not
only in India but all over the world.
W.G. Brackley
“Demography does not deal with the behaviour of individuals but only
with the aggregate of people. The numerical portrayal of human population
is known as demography”.
Benard Benjamin
1901 236 -- --
India and China account for nearly 38 percent of the world population.
It may be noted that the average annual growth of population has declined
to 1.1 percent in China, where as in India it is still quite high at 1.9
percentage.
It is a very interesting fact that India is adding one Australia to its population
every year and one Japan in every Census.
As per the latest estimate of 2006 the population density per square
kilometer is 338 in India.
TABLE – 3
AGE COMPOSITION ( IN PERCENTAGE )
AGE GROUP
0-14 15-59 60+
Year
1961 41.0 53.3 5.7
1971 41.4 53.4 5.2
1981 39.7 54.1 6.2
1991 36.5 57.1 6.4
2001 35.6 58.2 6.3
This figures indicate that the proportion of child population in the 0-14 age
group was 35.6 percent in 2001.
The principal reason is high birth rate. A high proportion of children
only reflects a large proportion of unproductive consumers.
It can be observed that nearly 43 percent of the total population
depends upon the rest 57 percent of the working population.
TABLE - 4
•As the figure shows there is decline in the child population in 2006. It is reflect
in lower birth rate.
•The dependency ratio is also declining. That is in 2006 nearly 40% of our
population depends on the rest 60%.
•By 2020 25% of the India’s population will be under 15 and 64% will be in the
working age group.
•And by this time the US will require 17 million workers, Japan 9 million, China
10 million and Russia 6 million.
•India can earn a rich demographic dividend if it sets about giving its young
people the right skills.
Sex Composition
Sex composition gives us an idea about the number of females in a region
per 1000 males.
TABLE – 5
SEX RATIO IN INDIA
It can be seen that there is a slight improvement in the sex ratio in 2001
compared to 1991 census. Among the various states of India, Kerala alone
shows a higher proportion of female 1058 per 1000 males in 2001. In Orissa it is
972 per 1000 males. It is lowest in Harayana ( 861/1000) followed by Punjab
(874/1000) and U.P. ( 898/1000). It is observed that poverty and IMR are the two
main determining factors of a declining sex ratio.
Literacy Rate
The quality of population can be judged from life expectancy, the level of
literacy and the level of technical training of the people of a country. It is
•Kerala has the highest literacy rate of 90.92 percent and Bihar has the
lowest percentage of literates ( 47.53). In Orissa it is 63.61.
•The overall literacy level in India is 65% which is far below the cent percent
level of literacy achieved in Australia, Canada, UK and the US.
Rural Urban Distribution of Population
It can be visible from the table that rural urban migration has become a persistent
and continues phenomenon in our demographic map. Migration is a critical
aspect of the demographic trends. Currently 27.8% of the population is urbanized
in India but this is expected to rise to 40.7% by 2030 and even more.
SOME OF THE RAPID URBANIZARS ARE
RAPID URBANIZARS
2007 2015 2025
SLOW URBANIZARS
2007 2015 2025
Although the task is tough if India provides the right environment for the army
of young people then it can became a prosperous nation. If not it will remain a
poor country.
Thank You