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    Ray Optics

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    Ashish Dahiya
    This document provides an overview of ray optics, including: - Reflection of light off mirrors and the laws of reflection. Mirrors can be spherical, with concave and convex types described. - Key terms for spherical mirrors like radius of curvature, focal length, and principal focus are defined. Sign conventions for distances and directions are also introduced. - Formulas for spherical mirrors including the mirror formula and mirror equation, which relate the focal length, object distance, and image distance. - Linear magnification produced by mirrors using the ratio of image size to object size. - Applications of ray optics principles in optical instruments like microscopes and telescopes.

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    Ray Optics

    Uploaded by

    Ashish Dahiya
    4K views14 pages
    This document provides an overview of ray optics, including: - Reflection of light off mirrors and the laws of reflection. Mirrors can be spherical, with concave and convex types described. - Key terms for spherical mirrors like radius of curvature, focal length, and principal focus are defined. Sign conventions for distances and directions are also introduced. - Formulas for spherical mirrors including the mirror formula and mirror equation, which relate the focal length, object distance, and image distance. - Linear magnification produced by mirrors using the ratio of image size to object size. - Applications of ray optics principles in optical instruments like microscopes and telescopes.

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    This document provides an overview of ray optics, including: - Reflection of light off mirrors and the laws of reflection. Mirrors can be spherical, with concave and convex types described. - Key terms for spherical mirrors like radius of curvature, focal length, and principal focus are defined. Sign conventions for distances and directions are also introduced. - Formulas for spherical mirrors including the mirror formula and mirror equation, which relate the focal length, object distance, and image distance. - Linear magnification produced by mirrors using the ratio of image size to object size. - Applications of ray optics principles in optical instruments like microscopes and telescopes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    4K views14 pages

    Ray Optics

    Uploaded by

    Ashish Dahiya
    This document provides an overview of ray optics, including: - Reflection of light off mirrors and the laws of reflection. Mirrors can be spherical, with concave and convex types described. - Key terms for spherical mirrors like radius of curvature, focal length, and principal focus are defined. Sign conventions for distances and directions are also introduced. - Formulas for spherical mirrors including the mirror formula and mirror equation, which relate the focal length, object distance, and image distance. - Linear magnification produced by mirrors using the ratio of image size to object size. - Applications of ray optics principles in optical instruments like microscopes and telescopes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum visible to humans, the different sources of light include thermal and gas discharge sources, reflection of light follows certain laws, and spherical mirrors come in two types - concave and convex.

    The different types of light sources discussed are thermal sources like bulbs which emit a continuous range of visible wavelengths, and gas discharge sources like neon bulbs which emit light of a particular color when a potential difference is applied across their electrodes.

    The laws of reflection are: 1) The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, and 2) The incident ray, reflected ray and the normal to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence are coplanar.

    TOPIC – RAY OPTICS

    CONTENTS
    INTRODUCTION
    MIRRORS AND REFLECTION OF LIGHT
    LENS AND REFRACTION OF LIGHT
    DISPERSION AND SCATTERING OF LIGHT
    OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
    INTRODUCTION
    Human eye responds to very small portion, known as
    visible part of electromagnetic spectrum. The visible
    part of the electromagnetic spectrum consisting of
    wavelength ranging from 4000 A to 7600A is known as
    light. We see this beautiful world and the natural
    phenomena with the help of light. Everything appears
    dark in the absence of light.
    Light travel with the speed of .in air or vacuum.
    True nature of light is mystery even today. Sun is
    natural source of light.
    SOURCE OF LIGHT
    Thermal source of light:- A hot source which emits
    light containing a whole continues range of visible
    wavelength is known as thermal source of light.
    For example:- bulb, an oil lamp and burning candle
    Gas discharge source of light:- if filled source which on
    application of potential difference across its electrodes
    emits light of a particular color is known as gas source
    of light. for example:- neon bulb, sodium vapour lamp
    REFLECTION OF LIGHT
    The phenomenon of bouncing back of light in the same
    medium when the light falls on the surface is known as
    reflection of light.
    Reflection of light obeys certain laws known as laws of
    reflection.
    LAWS OF REFLECTION:-
    1. Angle of incidence is equal to angle
    of reflection i.e. angle i= angle r
    2. The incidence ray ,reflected ray and
    normal to the reflecting surface at
    the point of incidence are coplanar.
    SPHERICAL MIRRORS
    Spherical mirrors are the reflecting part of spherical
    surface. These are of two types as follows:-
    1. Concave mirror:- Concave mirror is a part of a
    hollow sphere whose outer part is silvered and inner
    part becomes reflecting surface.
    2.Convex mirror:- Convex mirror is a part of a hollow
    sphere whose inner part is silvered and the outer part
    becomes reflecting surface.
    IMPORTANT TERMS IN SPHERICAL
    MIRRORS
    1. Center of curvature
    2. radius of curvature
    3.pole (vertex)
    4.principal axis
    5.principle section
    6. aperture
    7. principal focus
    8. focal length
    9. focal plane
    NEW SIGN CONVENTIONS
    Rules of sign conventions are as follows:-
    1. All the distance are measured from pole of the
    spherical mirror.
    2.Distance measured in the direction of the incidence
    light are taken as positive whereas distance measured
    in the direction opposite to that of the incident light is
    taken as negative.
    3. The upward distance perpendicular to the principal
    axis are taken as positive while the downward distance
    are taken as negative.
    MIRROR FORMULA AND MIRROR
    EQUATION
    The distance between the pole of the mirror and the
    position of object on the principal axis is represented
    by u.
    The distance between the pole of the mirror and the
    position of the image on the principal axis is
    represented by v.
    Focal length is represented by f.
    LINEAR MAGNIFICATION
    Linear magnification produced by a mirror is defined as the
    ratio of the size (or height) of the image to the size of object.
    It is denoted by m.

    Some conclusions:-
    Positive magnification means both object and image are upright.
    Negative magnification means object and image have different
    orientation.
    APPLICATIONS OF RAY OPTICS
    MICROSCOPE
    TELESCOPE
    Thank YOU…!!!!!!

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