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  • Lab 1

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    Fractional distillation is used to separate a mixture of ethanol and water based on their different boiling points. Before heating, boiling chips are added to promote smooth boiling. During distillation, the temperature is monitored and ethanol boils at 82–99°C while water boils at 100°C. 40% of the original ethanol is recovered after distillation, though ethanol cannot be purified to 100% due to the formation of an azeotrope between ethanol and water at 94.6% that hinders further separation.

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    LAB 1

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    Fractional distillation is used to separate a mixture of ethanol and water based on their different boiling points. Before heating, boiling chips are added to promote smooth boiling. During distillation, the temperature is monitored and ethanol boils at 82–99°C while water boils at 100°C. 40% of the original ethanol is recovered after distillation, though ethanol cannot be purified to 100% due to the formation of an azeotrope between ethanol and water at 94.6% that hinders further separation.

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    3K views2 pages

    Lab 1

    Uploaded by

    ayilna_suhaila
    Fractional distillation is used to separate a mixture of ethanol and water based on their different boiling points. Before heating, boiling chips are added to promote smooth boiling. During distillation, the temperature is monitored and ethanol boils at 82–99°C while water boils at 100°C. 40% of the original ethanol is recovered after distillation, though ethanol cannot be purified to 100% due to the formation of an azeotrope between ethanol and water at 94.6% that hinders further separation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

    LAB 1

    Introduction

    Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in


    their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture. In simple distillation, all the hot vapours
    produced are immediately channelled into a condenser that cools and condenses the
    vapours. It is usually used only to separate liquids whose boiling points differ greatly
    or to separate volatile liquids from non-volatile substances. In fractional distillation is
    the process of separating the constituents of a liquid mixture by heating it and
    condensing separately the components according to their different boiling points.
    When the compound is heated and as each of its constituent components comes to
    a boil, its vapours are separated and cooled, so it can be removed in its pure form.

    Discussion

    In this experiment, fractional distillation is used to the separate the mixture of ethanol
    and water into its component parts by heating. Before the ethanol is heating, boiling
    chips which are small, irregularly shaped pieces of material are added to make
    them boil more smoothly. Boiling chips work by providing nucleation sites, so the
    liquid boils smoothly without becoming superheated or bumping. When boiling, the
    liquid is heating until distillation rate is about 2- 3 drops per second. The temperature
    recorded is the boiling point of ethanol which is 82°C -99°C while boiling point of
    water is 100°C. Volume of ethanol before is 0 ml and after distillation is 10 ml. The
    percentage of yield of recovery is 40 %. The theoretical value of ethanol’s boiling
    point is 78.4 °C. It is differ from the experimental value because while the distillation
    is going on, at 94.6% ethanol-water mixture forms an azeotrope which hampers
    further distillation. So, ethanol cannot be made 100% pure. But concentration of
    ethanol can be increased by breaking the azeotrope by addition of benzene in large
    amount.

    Q&A
    1. DALAM LAB MANUAL

    2. To make them boil more smoothly and prevent it from


    becoming superheated or bumping.

    3.

    Ethanol
    Propane

    The ethanol which is liquid has higher boiling point than propane which is gas even
    though they have similar molar masses because ethanol contains an O-H group
    giving it hydrogen bonding.

    4. The theoretical value of ethanol’s boiling point is 78.4°C while experimental


    value of boiling point is 82°C - 99°C. It is differ because while the distillation is
    going on, at 94.6% ethanol-water mixture forms an azeotrope which hampers
    further distillation. So, ethanol cannot be made 100% pure.

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