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Lab 1

Fractional distillation is used to separate a mixture of ethanol and water based on their different boiling points. Before heating, boiling chips are added to promote smooth boiling. During distillation, the temperature is monitored and ethanol boils at 82–99°C while water boils at 100°C. 40% of the original ethanol is recovered after distillation, though ethanol cannot be purified to 100% due to the formation of an azeotrope between ethanol and water at 94.6% that hinders further separation.

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ayilna_suhaila
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3K views

Lab 1

Fractional distillation is used to separate a mixture of ethanol and water based on their different boiling points. Before heating, boiling chips are added to promote smooth boiling. During distillation, the temperature is monitored and ethanol boils at 82–99°C while water boils at 100°C. 40% of the original ethanol is recovered after distillation, though ethanol cannot be purified to 100% due to the formation of an azeotrope between ethanol and water at 94.6% that hinders further separation.

Uploaded by

ayilna_suhaila
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LAB 1

Introduction

Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in


their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture. In simple distillation, all the hot vapours
produced are immediately channelled into a condenser that cools and condenses the
vapours. It is usually used only to separate liquids whose boiling points differ greatly
or to separate volatile liquids from non-volatile substances. In fractional distillation is
the process of separating the constituents of a liquid mixture by heating it and
condensing separately the components according to their different boiling points.
When the compound is heated and as each of its constituent components comes to
a boil, its vapours are separated and cooled, so it can be removed in its pure form.

Discussion

In this experiment, fractional distillation is used to the separate the mixture of ethanol
and water into its component parts by heating. Before the ethanol is heating, boiling
chips which are small, irregularly shaped pieces of material are added to make
them boil more smoothly. Boiling chips work by providing nucleation sites, so the
liquid boils smoothly without becoming superheated or bumping. When boiling, the
liquid is heating until distillation rate is about 2- 3 drops per second. The temperature
recorded is the boiling point of ethanol which is 82°C -99°C while boiling point of
water is 100°C. Volume of ethanol before is 0 ml and after distillation is 10 ml. The
percentage of yield of recovery is 40 %. The theoretical value of ethanol’s boiling
point is 78.4 °C. It is differ from the experimental value because while the distillation
is going on, at 94.6% ethanol-water mixture forms an azeotrope which hampers
further distillation. So, ethanol cannot be made 100% pure. But concentration of
ethanol can be increased by breaking the azeotrope by addition of benzene in large
amount.

Q&A
1. DALAM LAB MANUAL

2. To make them boil more smoothly and prevent it from


becoming superheated or bumping.

3.

Ethanol
Propane

The ethanol which is liquid has higher boiling point than propane which is gas even
though they have similar molar masses because ethanol contains an O-H group
giving it hydrogen bonding.

4. The theoretical value of ethanol’s boiling point is 78.4°C while experimental


value of boiling point is 82°C - 99°C. It is differ because while the distillation is
going on, at 94.6% ethanol-water mixture forms an azeotrope which hampers
further distillation. So, ethanol cannot be made 100% pure.

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