The Leaning Tower of Pisa

HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF TOURISM ---------*****---------

Students

1. u Thy Phng (27/08/1993) 2. Nguyn Th Thi (12/02/1993)

Class

A3K19 - Group 3

HANOI OPEN
FACULTY OF
****

UNIVERSITY
Hanoi, 2012

TOURISM

The Leaning Tower of Pisa

ASSIGNMENT BET 2

WORLD WONDER

THE LEANING TOWER OF PISA

Students: u Thy Phng Nguyn Th Thi Class: A3K19 Group 3

Hanoi, 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. II.

INTRODUCTION 3 BODY 4

The Leaning Tower of Pisa

1. The Italy, country of the Leaning Tower of Pisa.................................... 4 2. History of the Leaning Tower of Pisa 5 3. Stories associated of the Leaning Tower of Pisa ..... 5 4. Tourism values of the Leaning Tower of Pisa .. 6 5. Advices for tourist... 8 6. Relating the Wonder to a tourist attraction in Vietnam 9 7. The timeline for the Tower.9 8. Many picture of The Leaning Tower of Pisa10 III.
IV.

CONCLUSION...11 RECOMMENDATIONS....12

V.REFERENCES13

I. INTRODUCTION Today tourism is regarded as a smokeless industry. It gives each country a lot of benefits such as economic, political, cultural and social. To develop it forcefully, each country must build yourself a personal tour an icon tourism brand worldwide. From the amazing scenery that nature has bestowed to the ancient relic imbued with national culture. It is possible that these structures over time very nicely. And when it comes to the beautiful land of Italy, each of us can not ignore the leaning tower of Pisa one of the most distinctive bell tower in the world. It has existed for hundreds of years on an astonishing inclination. Leaning Tower of 3

The Leaning Tower of Pisa Pisa was built in the 20th century experienced many ups and downs of history it persists in imposing city of Pisa in Italy. And as a witness of history. Today it serves as a cultural heritage of humanity. The assignment is a report we made to introduce you to one of the most outstanding World Wonders the Leaning Tower of Pisa. We did so many researchs on so many reliable sources to give you these final information. The report will help you save your time if someday you want to visit Italy. The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply the Tower of Pisa (Torre di Pisa) is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa. It is situated behind the Cathedral and is the third oldest structure in Pisa's Cathedral Square (Piazza del Duomo) after the Cathedral and the Baptistry. Begun in 1173, the process by which the leaning tower of Pisa had transformed into the monument as we know it today was long and drawn out. In fact, it took over 800 years from start to finish. Intricate carvings, columns, arch's, and other design elements are incorporated into the construction of the tower. For medieval Europe, these types of design themes and construction processes were way ahead of their time, resulting in a structure that has remained timeless in appearance through the ages. The tower was built with limestone and lime mortar, though the exterior of the tower is covered in marble. Ironically, the limestone is probably why the tower has not cracked and broken- the rock is flexible enough that it can withstand the pressures placed on it by the lean. It is doubtful that the original architect, Bonanno Pisano, had any idea that the qualities of limestone would play a role in preventing its ultimate collapse. Originally, the leaning tower of Pisa was to be a bell tower for a cathedral. Five years after the initial construction of two floors it began to lean once the third floor was completed. At the time the cause of the lean was not known, though it was discovered many years later that the lean was the result of the tower being built on a dense clay mixture that was unable to fully support the weight of the tower.

II. BODY
1.The Italy, country of the Leaning Tower of Pisa

The Leaning Tower of Pisa

National flag

Badge

Italy, known as Italy, also known as Italy (Italian: Italia pronounce: I-ta-li-a), the current national title is the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica Italiana, also translated as the Communist Air Italia), located in the Italian peninsula south of Europe, and the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia. Italy is bordered to the north is the Alpine France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia. The independent countries of San Marino and Vatican City are enclosed inside the territory of the Italian peninsula, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian region of Switzerland is located in territory area: 301,230 km2 with Capital: Rome Italy people say Italian. Italy's climate is mainly Mediterranean, Alpine in the north; dry, hot in the south with natural resources: coal, mercury, zinc, potassium carbonate, marble, barite, asbestos, meerschaum, fluorite, feldspar, pyrite, gas, oil, fish, land irrigation. Italy's population density is 58.1 million 194/km2 with average life expectancy is 79.8 years old. Head of State Giorgio Napolitano laTong system (from 15/05/2006) and head of government: Prime Minister Mario Monti (from 17/05/2006). The current government is the 60th government of Italy. Italy is a country with many political parties. Economically Italy's GDP is U.S. $ 1212 billion. GDP growth rate: 1.3% GDP / person: $ 21,400 Italy was the origin of many European cultures, such as Etruscan and Roman, and later also the birthplace of Italian Renaissance movement. Italy's capital Rome was the center of Western Civilization, and the center of the Roman Catholic Church. Today, Italy is a democratic republic, and is a developing country with a GDP ranked No. 7 and No. 20 on the human development index of the world. This country is a founding member of the predecessor organization of today European Union (Treaty of Rome signed in 1957), and also a member of the G8, the Council of Europe, West European Union, and the Central European Initiative. Starting January 1, 2007, Italy became a non-permanent members of the Security Council United Nations. At the same time, Italy is also considered a major power [3] is the labor force is 24.83 million

2.History of the Leaning Tower of Pisa The original Tower of Pisa is a bell tower (campanile Italian called) was built in Campo dei Miracoli, Pisa City 5

The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italy). Tower height of 180 feet (~ 55m) and is famous because it is tilted about 14 feet on one side (about 10% if measured from the 7th floor of the tower). Until now we still do not know exactly who is the architect drew up the bell tower, but most people are in favor of the name Bonanno Pisano. Leaning Tower was originally built to stand upright, but by the pebbles beneath the tower should unsteadily from 1173 it began leaning soon after construction began. Built near the river, the leaning tower of this settlement further back to 1178 when a little 3rd floor of the leaning tower is completed. However, this works only be stopped by lack of money to build. 3.Stories associated of the Leaning Tower of Pisa a. The mistake led to a period of fun, it's a unique project Leaning Tower of Pisa - the great works of architecture in Italy. In 1590, the great scientist Galileo Galilei Italian conducted a famous experiment on falling objects free movement in the tower of Pisa. He used two objects are not the same weight drop from the top of the tower down. As a result they are Galileo Galilei simultaneously ground, from which judgments of rejection scientist famous Greek Aristotle: "The objects of different weights, different speeds also fall." Galileos experiment Therefore, the leaning tower of Pisa has become increasingly popular due to accidentally be this famous scientist. b.Miracle on the inclination of the tower of Pisa Leaning Tower of Pisa by Borna Nasi Mugahe and Australian design, construction started in 1174, spent more than 100 years, to 1350 in improving. 567m high Tower of Pisa. The tower has a diameter of about 196m, on top of a 127m diameter. 1:45 The whole tower weighs tons. Leaning Tower of Pisa when sheer construction, while level 3 is completed, it was discovered by its foundations dug shallow, agricultural land under the basement floor (the whole of Pisa was built on a river be fully leveled land), began to tilt the tower itself, the architect in charge of building the tower ordered the sinking of the tower lift to keep the tower balanced. The result is even more deeper tower finally allowed to stop the construction. 94 years later, architects Xi - butt assigned to continue the work progresses leaning tower. In 1275, when he began to start construction, tilt the 3rd floor of the tower was up to 90 cm. Xi - the butt was not paying attention to this issue. In 1284 to build three floors. To reduce weight the top of the tower, Xi - buttocks not only reduce the volume of the top of the tower

The Leaning Tower of Pisa but also choice of lightweight materials, and in the wall leaving a gaping gap of about 30 80cm, a higher void greater. By 1350, the newly built tower of similar shape but we are seeing today. Level 7, 8 and bell frame was designed by architect Pizzarenco building, between floors 7 and 8 have a landmark move, 8th floor tilted to the north (the whole tower of the south). In addition, there is no tower of the top floor. This is a sophisticated method of the architects used to reduce weight and help the tower has a small circle with a diameter of 2.1 m. Leaning Tower of Pisa from its construction to date, each year about 1-2mm subsidence. The tower was leaning far to 5.5 degree. Center tower was in excess of the vertical line is 5m. South of the north tower is less than 2.5m, looking very majestic. In 1934, people have been brought up to 90 tons of concrete around the tower. As a result of the tower tilt speed faster, but by 1970 the success tower of 3 km around the blocked flow of groundwater, groundwater flow, so that stops, which makes the tower of deceleration subsidence. In 1980, passenger stop leaning tower of Pisa, conduct renovations. First, use the 18 columns of marble buried under the bottom of the tower, to the entire bottom of the tower foundation and fixed together, then continue adding rock concrete mixtures, continues to dump 600 tons of concrete on the north of this tower to balance the weight of the south tower. The consequences of this approach is very clear, to the end of 1993, stop leaning tower itself again, whereas it was 4 mm deviation to the north. 4. Tourism values of the Leaning Tower of Pisa The Leaning Tower of Pisa is one of the world's best-known landmarks and a symbol of Italy. Built as the bell tower for the cathedral on Piazza del Duomo, also known as Miracle's Square, the tower leans approximately 13 feet off base due to the weight of the marble and the weak soil. Visitors to the tower should be aware that the tower's staircase has 300 steps and there is no elevator. Most people know Pisa for its world-famous leaning tower, but only a few are aware of the myriad other sights located in this historic Italian city. A guided tour on foot -- or by Segway, bicycle or bus -- fully introduces you to a the city's beauty and lesser known attractions. The Leaning Tower of Pisa was designed as a simple freestanding bell tower, but it earned its name when it began tilting in 1185. Closed to the public in 1989 due to fears of its toppling over altogether, the tower reopened in 2001 after extensive renovations. Today, the tower draws tourists to Pisa, a charming small Italian town about 200 miles from Rome that is filled with historic sites. Take the time to admire the architecture of the tower. The details of the carvings and the multicolored marble are elegant and dramatic. The bells are still visible, although they are no longer rung. Inside the tower, docents lead groups of 40 visitors up the 294 steps to the towers summit. Along the way, you will learn the towers history, fun facts and interesting stories.

The Leaning Tower of Pisa Over the history, many mathematicians and engineers tried to find solutions for preventing the tower to fall. Last major intervention was at the end of the 20 century when the leaning angle was reduced with 1.6 degrees. In the north-west of Pisa there is an immense green lawn on which four impressive buildings stand, in gleaming white marble. These imposing structures are the enormous, breathtaking Duomo (cathedral) built almost 1,000 years ago, the cathedral's bell tower - better known as the Leaning Tower of Pisa, the circular Battistero (Baptistery) - the largest of its kind in the whole of Italy, and the Camposanto - also known as the Holy Field, without doubt one of the most beautiful cemeteries in the world. This area is referred to as the Campo dei Miracoli or the Piazza dei Miracoli (Field of Miracles) and these remarkable Tuscan buildings combine Moorish, Gothic and Romanesque architectural features. The Piazza dei Miracoli is where you will find Pisa's main tourist information, while additional tourism outlets are located on the Piazza Vittorio Emanuele, and at the nearby Galileo Galilei Airport. Surrounding the Pisa Camposanto on two sides is the city wall, while two major museums are located to the south. These are the Museo dell'Opera - containing a significant collection of sculptures, paintings and other works relating to the ecclesiastical buildings on the Piazza del Duomo; and the Museo delle Sinopie, with many original sketches in plaster from Camposanto frescoes that were damaged by fire in 1944. Pisa Information and TourismThe Leaning Tower of Pisa isn't the only edifice that is no longer standing upright in the city. Unsteady, sandy soil beneath the Field of Miracles has resulted in other problems that initially are not quite so obvious. The baptistery lurches noticeably towards the north and also, when viewed at certain angles, the Duomo cathedral is far from straight. There are even a couple of small bell towers (campaniles) in Pisa that have also shifted and these have been nicknamed 'The Other Leaning Towers!' The historic city centre of Pisa is concentrated on the north bank of the River Arno and is still surrounded by 12th-century walls. The 'high street' is the long and curving Via Santa Maria, and connects the Campo dei Miracoli with the Lungarno (Embankment). Palaces and mansions still line this street and retain their splendid facades, which date back to the 16th century. The social centre of Pisa is the Piazza Garibaldi, which is located on the north side of the Ponte di Mezzo (Middle Bridge). Also of note is the elegant Borgo Stretto, which is filled with interesting shops and cafs. If you have time for excursions outside of Pisa, then consider trips to the neighbouring Tuscan cities of Florence and Lucca.

5. Advices for tourist Tourists visit to Pisa than the leaning tower of pisa can also visit the numerous architecture and great art. Only half an hour from the Campo dei Miracoli walk, with dedicated path for pedestrians will find a wealth of beautiful scenery, shops, restaurants. The best way to visit Pisa is walking on the street because the city is very small, make the scene and thought the atmosphere here.

The Leaning Tower of Pisa Pisa is a safe city, you need not worry about the safety of you, except for some areas if you go at night, as the area around the station. But you also need to be aware if in the cheap hotel, do not take valuables, watch out watch for pickpockets in crowded places. Pisa's climate is Mediterranean, warm and dry summers, cold winters and low humidity. The hottest months are June to September, at which temperature tren17 C and sometimes up to 30 degrees C. Humidity during this period can be up to 70%. If you want to Pisa in the dictionary between May 9 and 12 have to remember to bring a raincoat or umbrella. Wettest months from October to November. From November to February, temperatures from 3 to 16 degrees C. Despite unpredictable weather at this time but most have sun shining. Unless there is heavy rain or hail is best to bring rain gear and cool clothes. The most appropriate time to come here is during spring, autumn, when the temperature comfortable, less crowded and easier to visit. Best avoided in July, 8. Because the temperature in a hot place to visit. Pisa has regular trains to and from Florence, Lucca and can also come by bus or air. The airport is located near the city center, just minutes to the center by taxi, bus or train. It can even walk to the center about 20 minutes. You can buy bus and train tickets from the information desk at the entrance. Trains are the fastest way to the city. Tickets 1.10 and takes about 5 minutes is up. But no regular train lines, each only 2 hours tieng.Xe regular bus service, 15-minute intervals and 15 minutes into the city. Automatic ticket machines at the bus station only to pronounce Italian, so it is best to buy tickets at the concierge desk. If purchased from the driver on the bus, it takes twice the money. Bus tickets are sold in local stores Tobacco, also have ticket machines at stations and airports. If you prefer convenience, then take a taxi to the center about 6-8 Euro. Euro is the currency in force in Pisa. The main cards credit card, such as Master Card and Visa are accepted in most shops, supermarkets and restaurants. The Diners Club and American Express are also accepted. Under 10 Euro normally pay cash. The area around the tower of tourists so there are many souvenir shops selling all sorts of gifts, from small statues to beautiful hourglass, most bearing the leaning tower.

6.Relating the Wonder to a tourist attraction in Vietnam Pho Minh tower in Nam Dinh is the oldest buildings still remain relatively intact. According to calculations of scientists, the tower weighs 700 tons. As the tower of Pisa, Pho Minh tower over 7 centuries ago still stand firm 9

The Leaning Tower of Pisa between a shaky ground. Stay on Highway 10, from Nam Dinh city to the Pacific, from afar the tower was able to get Pho Minh Pagoda. Tower located in Wat Pho Minh kuon, the materials left there from the Ly. The temple is located in the Administrative area Cung Thien Truong latter is where the Thai Thuong Hoang Tran often retreated after abdicated. 1262, Master Tran Thai Tong upper reconstruct the temple with a larger scale. In1308, Kim Tran Nhan Tong Buddhist am Crouching ice in the words of Van Phong Yen Tu (Vietnam General and Complete Chronicles, Anh Tong century). After some time, his son King Anh Tong took 7 of 21 seeds placed in the relics of stone type and bowl drain Pho Minh tower on top. Square tower, the 14 storey, 19.5 m high. Two floors of stone under a length of 5.2 m. The brick floors are bare pulse. Each of the bricks have the words "Hung Long collected three young" (1305) and portrayed the dragon were the Tran. Then, a wealthy merchant paid for plastering up the tower face. Pho Minh Tower is one of the few works still retain relative integrity of the Tran. Talented hands with pride in the martial arts victory of the glorious Great Vietnamese workers have crystallized to form a glorious Pho Minh tower. Between the low-lying field that occupies over 700 years is as steady as a rock table. 7. The timeline for the Tower 1173 Construction of the Leaning Tower of Pisa begins (Though it was not actually leaning at this point). 1178 Work on the Tower stops with only three tiers completed 1272 Work resumes on the Tower of Pisa 1278 Construction of the Tower comes to a halt after reaching the 7th tier 1298 The Tilt of the tower is first observed and the Leaning Tower of Pisa is seen as a tragically botched construction job. A commission is formed to investigate the cause and effect a remedy. At this point no one knows that the unstable foundation of the Leaning Tower of Pisa will be the solid foundation for a future tourist economy. 1370 The Leaning Tower of Pisa is officially completed 1589 Galileo Galilei conducts his famous experiments, dropping objects from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. 1902 The bell tower in Venice's Piazza S. Marco collapses generating fresh concern over the notable instability of the (now famously) Leaning Tower of Pisa 1990 The Italian government closes the Leaning Tower of Pisa due to concerns for public safety. 1999 Soil extraction is performed. This proves to be the definitive solution to the Tower of Pisa's stability 2001 Pisa celebrates the restoration of the Leaning Tower 8. Many picture of The Leaning Tower of Pisa

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The Leaning Tower of Pisa

III. CONCLUTION
The Leaning Tower of Pisa is not only attracting visitors some irritability, but the tower is the pearl of architecture and forever is one of the monuments of Europe's most important medieval tower tilted even more . Located in Piazza del Duomo, the tower is just part of the complex consists of four white ball works is important, including the cathedral (Duomo), the bell tower (campanile - leaning tower), Baptism and the cemetery office (Camposanto). Like other works in the Piazza, the bell tower intends to show the pride and glory of the state 11

The Leaning Tower of Pisa generally prosperous city-state of Pisa, so the new tower has unique beauty and mysterious like that. With a tilt up slowly and surely going to fall gradually to the point. Tower blocks built in fragile to stress created by the tilt increases approaching the limit of the material strength. Unexpectedly and very happy when we received a very interesting topic this. It not only helps us understand more a wonder of the world but it also helps us to further hone skills to use English in a report. Also thanks to this assignment, we have a real opportunity to have an insight about a wonder that nature has to offer - Tower of Pisa. Cho php nhp theo phin m

Nail tower

The chart shows the tower of a growing inclination through the construction phase.

IV.RECOMMENDATIONS
This is our first assignment since we entered the university so to complete this assignment, we really had to work very hard but still struggling a lot through it. So we want to give you some suggestions to have a good result on your assignment in the future. With the subject as the Statue of Liberty, youll have tons of information to look at. Try to take a look at most of it then select some reliable sources base on the information you read. This would be the hardest part because those information seem endless. You have to really read it to be able to collect and classify the information you need. Remember to use the English-Vietnamese 12

The Leaning Tower of Pisa dictionary when youre not sure about the meaning of some words. After that, read the assignment guidelines again carefully then arrange your ideas and those information appropriately to follow the requirement regulated in the assignment format guidelines. While writing your report, use the Vietnamese-English dictionary when youre looking for the right words. Pay attention to your expression, dont be confuse between written style and oral style. Try not to repeat the same information in every part. Remember youre working in pair so share your work smartly and try to be coordinate because always keep in mind that youre working on the same assignment. You better discuss your ideas first to avoid arguments. This is a good chance for you to practice working in pairs. With those other world wonders, you can still apply these suggestions to your assignment as theyre all world wonders so theyre all very famous and therell be so much information. Youll feel overwhelming at first but take it easy and youll realize that its not really that much, just repeating each other. You wont have to finish your assignment until day 7 so take your time and use it smartly. Since this is the first report, we look forward to teacher feedback so that we have a better report. During do, teachers expect errors ignored. Finally, I would like to thank the help of her devoted Ms Ngo Thanh Hoa with the teaching BET2 Faculty of Tourism Hanoi Open University. Good luck!

V. REFERENCES
Unknown. Leaning Tower of Pisa. Retrieved February 19 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaning_Tower_of_Pisa Unknown. Thp nghing Pisa. Retrieved February 19 from http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th %C3%A1p_nghi%C3%AAng_Pisa

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The Leaning Tower of Pisa Unknown. Leaning Tower of Pisa contruction. Retrieved February 19 from http://www.leaningtowerofpisa.net/tower-of-pisa-construction.html Unknown. Tuscany of Pisa. Retrieved February 26 from http://touritaly.org/tours/Tuscany/Pisa/LeaningTowerOfPisa.htm Unknown. Pisa worlg guides restaurant. Retrieved February 26 from http://www.pisa.world-guides.com/restaurants.html Unknown. K tch v nghing ca thp Pizza. Retrieved February 26from http://www.tin247.com/ky_tich_ve_do_nghieng_cua_thap_pizza-13-21551317.html Unknown. Thm thp nghing Pisa Italy. Retrieved February 26 from http://vinhdi.blogspot.com/2011/08/tham-thap-nghieng-pisa-italy.html Unknown. Pisa Italy tour. Retrieved March 5 from http://traveltips.usatoday.com/pisa-italy-tours-34974.html Unknown. Leaning Tower Pisa . Retrieved March 5 from http://traveltips.usatoday.com/leaning-tower-pisa-11438.html Unknown.Thp Ph Minh ngn thp 700 tn tr vng vng chim trng. Retrieved March 5 from http://www.daophatngaynay.com/vn/phatgiao-vn/danh-lam/5443-Thap-Pho-Minh-Ngon-thap700-tan-tru-vung-o-vung-chiem-trung.html Unknown. Thp nghing Pisa . Retrieved March 5 from http://www.sinhviendulich.net/2010/09/thap-nghieng-pisa-o-y/

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The Leaning Tower of Pisa

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