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    English Exercise N°1

    Uploaded by

    Anfel Belmeguenai

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    English Exercise N°1

    Uploaded by

    Anfel Belmeguenai
    16 views9 pages

    Original Title

    English exercise n°1

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views9 pages

    English Exercise N°1

    Uploaded by

    Anfel Belmeguenai

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Architectural Presentation of the

    Leaning Tower of Pisa


    BELMEGUENAI Anfel | Groupe12
    Overview
    Introduction
    Historical Context
    Architectural Design
    The Tilt
    Architectural Style
    Significance
    Conclusion
    Introduction
    The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre Pendente di
    Pisa) is one of the most famous landmarks in the world,
    renowned for its unintended tilt. Located in the city of Pisa,
    Italy, this freestanding bell tower is part of the cathedral
    complex known as Piazza dei Miracoli (Square of Miracles),
    which also includes the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta
    and the Baptistery.
    Historical Context
    Construction Period: The construction of the tower
    began in 1173 and took approximately 200 years to
    complete, with several interruptions due to wars
    and financial constraints.
    Architect: The original architect is believed to be
    Bonanno Pisano, though there is some debate on
    this, and later stages were overseen by Giovanni di
    Simone.
    Purpose: The tower was designed as a bell tower
    for the adjacent Pisa Cathedral.
    Architectural Design
    Height: The tower stands about 56 meters tall on the higher side and around
    55.86 meters on the shorter side due to the tilt.
    Materials: It is constructed from white and grey marble, giving it a striking
    appearance against the blue sky.
    Structure: The tower consists of eight stories, including the chamber for
    seven bells, each corresponding to one of the musical notes.
    The tower features a cylindrical shape with six open galleries (arcaded
    loggias) and a belfry at the top. These arcades have elegantly detailed
    columns and arches, demonstrating the Romanesque architectural style of
    the period.
    The Tilt
    Cause: The famous tilt is due to an unstable
    foundation. The ground beneath the tower
    consists of soft, marshy soil, primarily a mix of
    clay, sand, and silt. This caused the foundation
    to sink during the early stages of construction,
    leading to the tower's unintended lean.
    Corrective Efforts: Engineers have attempted
    numerous times to correct or stabilize the tilt. In
    the late 20th century, a major engineering
    project reduced the lean from 5.5 degrees to
    3.97 degrees, ensuring the tower's preservation.
    Architectural Style
    Romanesque Architecture: The tower is an excellent
    example of the Romanesque style, characterized by its
    round arches, symmetrical layout, and grand scale. The
    arcades and gallery levels emphasize verticality,
    contrasting with the circular footprint.
    Ornamentation: The tower's decoration includes intricate
    carvings and geometric patterns typical of the period, with
    columns that alternate in design, creating a visual rhythm.
    Significance
    Cultural Heritage:

    The Leaning Tower of Pisa is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and stands as a
    symbol of medieval European engineering and artistry. Despite its structural
    flaw, it has become an iconic symbol of resilience and innovation.

    Tourism:

    Its unique tilt has made it one of the most photographed monuments globally,
    attracting millions of tourists annually who marvel at both its beauty and
    unusual incline.
    Conclusion
    The Leaning Tower of Pisa remains a fascinating architectural
    masterpiece that defies the typical expectations of balance and stability.
    Its elegant Romanesque design, combined with its storied history of
    structural challenges, makes it an enduring symbol of human ingenuity.
    The tower continues to be a marvel of architecture and a beloved global
    icon, reminding us of the delicate relationship between design and nature.

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