Tugas PPT Kelompok 11

History
and Causes of the

Leaning of the Tower
E1F123051 AL AMIN
E1F123052 ANDREAS DICKY JAN
E1F123053 ARIL JAYANSYAH
E1F123054 FATMAWATI
E1F123055 FEBRIANTI TAMRIN
Tower of Pisa
1. The Tower of Pisa is a bell tower-shaped structure known for its striking
tilt. The Tower of Pisa is located in the Piazza dei Miracoli (Magic Square),
also known as Piazza del Duomo, in the Italian city of Pisa. Piazza dei
Miracoli is a collection of beautiful and important cathedral buildings,
including Pisa Cathedral.
2. The Tower of Pisa has a height of approximately 55.86 meters from ground
level to its peak. At the top, the tilt can reach around 5.5 degrees. The Tower
of Pisa is a popular and famous tourist destination throughout the
world. Many tourists come here to see the tower and take photos in creative
poses to show its tilted optical effect.
3. In the 1990s, restoration and repair efforts were undertaken to prevent the
tower's tilt from getting worse and to ensure safety for visitors. In addition,
there is a limit on the number of visitors allowed to climb into the tower
each day.
History of the Tower of Pisa
The history of the Tower of Pisa begins in 1173 when construction began, and its journey has been full
of challenges and events that have made it one of the most iconic and famous buildings in the world
Initial Construction (1173-1178)

Construction of the Tower of Pisa began on August 9, 1173. At that time, the city of Pisa was one of the leading maritime cities in Italy,
and the building was planned as a large bell for the Pisa Cathedral located in Piazza dei Miracoli . However, construction stopped after
completing three layers of foundation due to unstable soil.
Construction Continues (1272-1350)
After various obstacles and the passage of a long time, in 1272, the Pisa Government decided to continue construction of the Pisa
Tower. At this time, the architects involved in the project designed the tower in tandem, attempting to compensate for the tilt that had
occurred.
Completion and Restoration (1350s and After)
Although the tower was completed in the mid-14th century, the decision to continue construction caused the tower to lean. Even though
it is tilted, this tower still functions as a bell for Pisa Cathedral. In the following centuries, the tower slowly continued to tilt further due
to shifts in the ground. In the 1990s, a restoration and salvage project was undertaken to reduce the tilt and ensure the safety of the
structure and visitors.
Global Recognition (20-21 Century)
The Tower of Pisa has become one of the most famous icons in the world. Visitors from all over the world come to see the tower and
take photos in creative poses that exploit its tilt. In 1987, Piazza dei Miracoli, which includes the Tower of Pisa, was recognized by
UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
So why is the Pisa Tower
The Pisa Tower is leaning due to problemsleaning?
in its construction and the ground beneath
it. When construction began in 1173, the foundations built on soft, clayey soil began to
experience problems. Here are some factors that cause the Tower of Pisa to tilt:
Clay Soil
The Pisa site is located near the Arno river, and the soil in this area consists of layers of clay and silt. Clay soil tends to
be unstable and is able to move and absorb water easily .
Too Deep Foundations
The foundations for the Tower of Pisa were only buried about three meters below ground level. This foundation is
placed directly on a layer of clay soil. Deeper, more stable foundations may have reduced the potential for tilt.
Problems During Construction
After the first three foundation layers were completed, the construction team began to notice undesirable shifts. They
tried to compensate for the tilt by building each subsequent layer of foundation slightly higher on the lower side, but this
was not entirely successful.
The Slant Continues
Although construction stalled for several decades, when building resumed in the 13th century, the slant was already
quite significant. Efforts to compensate for the tilt have provided some improvement, but the core problem remains.
Tower Tilt
Ultimately, the Leaning Tower of Pisa tilted about 5.5 degrees from vertical. This is the result of weak foundations and
shifting soil beneath them .
THANK
S
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by
Slidesgo, and includes icons by Flaticon, and
infographics & images by Freepik

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History

and Causes of the

Initial Construction (1173-1178)

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