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    Loops

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    NOOR AHMED
    Loops allow blocks of code to be repeatedly executed. There are three types of loops in C: while loops, which execute a block as long as a condition is true; do-while loops, which always execute a block at least once and then repeatedly if a condition is true; and for loops, which execute a block a fixed number of times as defined by initializations, conditions, and increment/decrement values. Each loop type has a specific syntax and use case.

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    Loops

    Uploaded by

    NOOR AHMED
    203 views4 pages
    Loops allow blocks of code to be repeatedly executed. There are three types of loops in C: while loops, which execute a block as long as a condition is true; do-while loops, which always execute a block at least once and then repeatedly if a condition is true; and for loops, which execute a block a fixed number of times as defined by initializations, conditions, and increment/decrement values. Each loop type has a specific syntax and use case.

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    Loops allow blocks of code to be repeatedly executed. There are three types of loops in C: while loops, which execute a block as long as a condition is true; do-while loops, which always execute a block at least once and then repeatedly if a condition is true; and for loops, which execute a block a fixed number of times as defined by initializations, conditions, and increment/decrement values. Each loop type has a specific syntax and use case.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc
    203 views4 pages

    Loops

    Uploaded by

    NOOR AHMED
    Loops allow blocks of code to be repeatedly executed. There are three types of loops in C: while loops, which execute a block as long as a condition is true; do-while loops, which always execute a block at least once and then repeatedly if a condition is true; and for loops, which execute a block a fixed number of times as defined by initializations, conditions, and increment/decrement values. Each loop type has a specific syntax and use case.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc
    of 4

    loops

    Loops can be created to execute a block of code for a fixed number of times or
    (e.g. 7 or 17 or 70). Alternatively, loops can be created to repetitively execute
    a block of code until a condition changes to a wanted state. For instance, the
    loop may continue until a condition changes from false to true, or from true to
    false. In this case, the block of code being executed must update the condition
    being tested in order for the loop to terminate at some point. If the test
    condition does not change somehow within the loop, the loop will never
    terminate - the so known 'endless loop'. This is logical error.

    while
    The while loop is used to execute a block of code as long as some condition is
    true. If the condition is false from the start the block of code is not executed at
    al. The while loop tests the condition before it's executed so sometimes the
    loop may never be executed if initially the condition is not met. Its syntax is as
    follows.

    while (tested condition is satisfied)


    {
    block of code
    }

    In all constructs, curly braces should only be used if the construct is to execute
    more than one line of code. The above program executes only one line of code
    so it not really necessary (same rules apply to if...else constructs) but you can
    use it to make the program seem more understandable or readable.

    Here is a simple example of the use of the while loop. This program counts
    from 1 to 100.

    #include <stdio.h>

    int main(void)
    {

    int count = 1;

    while (count <= 100)


    {
    printf("%d\n",count);
    count += 1; // Notice this statement
    }

    return 0;

    }
    Note that no semi-colons ( ; ) are to be used after the while (condition)
    statement. These loops are very useful because the condition is tested before
    execution begins. However i never seem to like these loops as they are not as
    clear to read as the do ...while loops. The while loop is the favorite amongst
    most programmers but as for me, i definitely prefer the do ...while loop.

    do ....while
    The do loop also executes a block of code as long as a condition is satisfied.
    The difference between a "do ...while" loop and a "while {} " loop is that the
    while loop tests its condition before execution of the contents of the loop
    begins; the "do" loop tests its condition after it's been executed at least once.
    As noted above, if the test condition is false as the while loop is entered the
    block of code is never executed. Since the condition is tested at the bottom of
    a do loop, its block of code is always executed at least once.

    Some people don't like these loops because it is always executed at least once.
    When i ask them "so what?", they normally reply that the loop executes even
    if the data is incorrect. Basically because the loop is always executed, it will
    execute no matter what value or type of data is supposed to be required. The
    "do ....while" loops syntax is as follows

    do
    {
    block of code
    } while (condition is satisfied);

    Note that a semi-colon ( ; ) must be used at the end of the do ...while loop.
    This semi-colon is needed because it instructs whether the while (condition)
    statement is the beginning of a while loop or the end of a do ...while loop.
    Here is an example of the use of a do loop.

    include <stdio.h>

    int main(void)
    {

    int value, r_digit;

    printf(“Enter a number to be reversed.\n”);


    scanf(“%d”, &value);

    do
    {
    r_digit = value % 10;
    printf(“%d”, r_digit);
    value = value / 10;
    } while (value != 0);

    printf(“\n”);

    return 0;
    }

    for
    The third and last looping construct in C is the for loop. The for loop can
    execute a block of code for a fixed or given number of times. Its syntax is as
    follows.

    for (initializations;test conditions;increment value)


    {
    block of code
    }

    The simplest way to understand for loops is to study several examples.

    First, here is a for loop that counts from 1 to 10.

    for (count = 1; count <= 10; count++)


    {
    printf("%d\n",count);
    }

    The test conditions may be unrelated to the variables being initialized and
    updated. Here is a loop that counts until a user response terminates the loop.

    for (count = 1; response != 'N'; count++)


    {
    printf("%d\n",count);
    printf("Dam man, you still want to continue? (Y/N): \n");
    scanf("%c",&response);
    }

    More complicated test conditions are also allowed. Suppose the user of the last
    example never enters "N", but the loop should terminate when 100 is reached,
    regardless.

    for (count = 1; (response != 'N') && (count <= 100); count++)


    {
    printf("%d\n",count);
    printf("Dam man, you still want to continue? (Y/N): \n");
    scanf("%c",&response);
    }

    It is also possible to have multiple initializations and multiple actions. This loop
    starts one counter at 0 and another at 100, and finds a midpoint between
    them. (This is advanced material).

    for (i = 0, j = 100; j != i; i++, j--)


    {
    printf("i = %d, j = %d\n",i,j);
    }

    printf("i = %d, j = %d\n",i,j);


    All of the constituent parts of the statement are optional. The initialization,
    condition, termination sections of the for loop can be blank. For instance,
    suppose we need to count from a user specified number to 100. The first
    semicolon is still required as a place keeper

    printf("Enter a number to start the count: ");


    scanf("%d",&count);

    for ( ; count < 100 ; count++)


    {
    printf("%d\n",count);
    }

    The actions are also optional. Here is a silly example that will repeatedly echo
    a single number until a user terminates the loop;

    for (number = 5; response != 'Y';)


    {
    printf("%d\n",number);
    printf("You still want to look at this? (Y/N) \n");
    scanf("%c",&response);
    }

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