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Formation of Jacobian Matrix: 1) X (N + N 1) - The Dimensions

The document discusses the formation of the Jacobian matrix for the Newton-Raphson load flow method. The Jacobian matrix contains submatrices that relate the mismatches in real and reactive power injections to changes in voltage magnitudes and angles. The dimensions of the submatrices depend on the number of PQ, PV, and slack buses in the system. The Jacobian matrix is used to solve for the incremental changes to voltage magnitudes and angles at each iteration of the Newton-Raphson algorithm.

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Sampurna Das
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84 views

Formation of Jacobian Matrix: 1) X (N + N 1) - The Dimensions

The document discusses the formation of the Jacobian matrix for the Newton-Raphson load flow method. The Jacobian matrix contains submatrices that relate the mismatches in real and reactive power injections to changes in voltage magnitudes and angles. The dimensions of the submatrices depend on the number of PQ, PV, and slack buses in the system. The Jacobian matrix is used to solve for the incremental changes to voltage magnitudes and angles at each iteration of the Newton-Raphson algorithm.

Uploaded by

Sampurna Das
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Formation of Jacobian Matrix Let us assume that an n -bus power system contains a total np number of P-Q buses while

the number of P-V (generator) buses be ng such that n = np + ng + 1. Bus-1 is assumed to be the slack bus. We shall further use the mismatch equations of Pi and Qi given in (4.9) and (4.10) respectively. The approach to Newton-Raphson load flow is similar to that of solving a system of nonlinear equations using the Newton-Raphson method: At each iteration we have to form a Jacobian matrix and solve for the corrections from an equation of the type given in (4.27). For the load flow problem, this equation is of the form

where the Jacobian matrix is divided into submatrices as

It can be seen that the size of the Jacobian matrix is ( n + np 1) x ( n + np 1). The dimensions of the submatrices are as follows: J11: (n 1) (n 1) J12: (n 1) np J21: np (n 1) J22: np np

The submatrices of jacobian matrix are

Algorithm for Load Flow solution using N-R method The Newton-Raphson procedure is as follows: Step-1: Choose the initial values of the voltage magnitudes |V| (0) of all np load buses and n 1 angles (0) of the voltages of all the buses except the slack bus. Step-2: Use the estimated |V|(0) and (0) to calculate a total n 1 number of injected real power Pcalc(0) and equal number of real power mismatch P (0) . Step-3: Use the estimated |V| (0) and (0) to calculate a total np number of injected reactive power Qcalc(0) and equal number of reactive power mismatch Q (0) . Step-3: Use the estimated |V| (0) and (0) to formulate the Jacobian matrix J (0) . Step-4: Solve (4.30) for (0) and |V| (0) |V| (0). Step-5 : Obtain the updates from

Step-6: Check if all the mismatches are below a small number. Terminate the process if yes. Otherwise go back to step-1 to start the next iteration with the updates given by step-5

Formation of Y bus by Singular Transformation


The primitive network matrices are the most basic matrices and depend purely on the impedance or admittance of the individual elements. However, they do not contain any information about the behaviour of the interconnected network variables. Hence, it is necessary to transform the primitive matrices into more meaningful matrices which can relate variables of the interconnected network. In the bus frame of reference, the performance of the interconnected network is described by n independent nodal equations, where n is the total number of buses (n+ 1, nodes are present, out of which one of them is designated as the reference node). For example a 5-bus system will have 5 external buses and 1 ground/ ref. bus). The performance equation relating the bus voltages to bus current injections in bus frame of reference in admittance form is given by IBUS = YBUS EBUS (1)

Where, EBUS = vector of bus voltages measured with respect to reference bus IBUS = Vector of currents injected into the bus YBUS = bus admittance matrix The performance equation of the primitive network in admittance form is given by i + j = [y] v Pre-multiplying by At (transpose of A), we obtain At i +At j = At [y] v (2) However, using KCL for the node, At i =0, since it indicates a vector whose elements are the algebraic sum of element currents incident at a bus, which by Kirchhoffs law is zero. Similarly, At j gives the algebraic sum of all source currents incident at each bus and this is nothing but the total current injected at the bus. Hence, At j = IBUS (3) Thus from (1) and (2) we have, IBUS = At [y] v (4) However, we can write branch voltage as: v =A EBUS And hence substituting in (3) we get, IBUS = At [y] A EBUS (5) Comparing (5) with (1) we obtain, YBUS = At [y] A (6) The bus incidence matrix is rectangular and hence singular. Hence,(6) gives a singular transformation of the primitive admittance matrix [y] i.e. Y-Bus matrix for the system.

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