What Is Extranet ?: Lesson 91 Network System
What Is Extranet ?: Lesson 91 Network System
What Is Extranet ?: Lesson 91 Network System
LESSON 91
NETWORK SYSTEM
What is Extranet ?
An extranet is a private network that uses Internet technology and public
telecommunications system to securely share relevant information with
authorized parties.
Uses Of Extranet
INTERNET EXTRANET
Uses Internet technology Users Internet/intranet technology
Serves everybody Serves extended enterprise including
defined sets of customers or supplies
or other partners
With or without firewall With firewall
Low security Tight security
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LESSON 92
NETWORK CARD
WIRELESS NETWORK
INTERFACE CARD
Wireless Network Interface Card is a network
card that provides wireless data transmission.
MODEM
There are two types of modem, internal
modem and external modem.
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HUB/SWITCH
Hub or switch is a common connection point for devices in a network.
ROUTER
A router is a communications device
that connects multiple computers or
other routers together and transmits
data to the correct destination.
WIRELESS ACCESS
POINT
A wireless access point is a central
communications device that allow computers
to transfer data. This device can help
information to be transferred wirelessly to
other wireless devices or to a wired network.
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LESSON 93
NETWORK CARD INTERFACE
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WNICs are designed around the IEEE 802.11 standard which sets out low-
level specifications on how all wireless networks operate and can operate in
two modes known as infrastructure mode and ad hoc mode.
MODEM
Text String, A modem is a device that
enables a computer to transmit data over
telephone or cable lines.
HUB/SWICTH
Hubs are commonly used to connect
segments of a LAN.A hub contains multiple
ports.
When a packet arrives at one port, it is
copied to the other ports so that all
segments of the LAN can see all the
packets.
A hub connects all the devices on its ports
together. A switch understands when two
devices want to talk to each other, and gives
them a switched connection.
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ROUTER
A router is a computer networking device
that forwards data packets across a
network toward their destinations,
through a process known as routing.
In an infrastructure mode network the WNIC needs an access point: all data
is transferred using the access point as the central hub. All wireless nodes in
an infrastructure mode network connect to an access point. All nodes
connecting to the access point must have
the same service set identifier as the
access point.
LESSON 94
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TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA
The twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable and fibre optic cable are examples of
physical transmission media.
TRANSMISSION ENVIRONMENT
In our daily activities, such as talking over the phone, sending short
messages, sending email or uploading files to remote users, will likely involve
a combination of transmission mediums along the way.
LESSON 95
CABLES AS A PHYSICAL TRANSMISSION MEDIUM
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• twisted-pair cable
• coaxial cable
• fibre optic cable
TWISTED-PAIR CABLE
The twisted-pair cable is generally a common form of transmission medium.
It consists of two wires or conductors twisted together, each with its own
plastic insulation.
Cables that consist of pairs of unshielded wire twisted together. It is the most
common kind of copper telephone wiring.
It has four pairs of colour-coded twisted-pair cables that are covered with a
plastic outer jacket.
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Twisted-pair cable wires that consist of an outer covering or shield.
COAXIAL CABLE
The coaxial cable, often referred to as ‘coax’, consists of
a single copper wire surrounded by at least three layers.
The outer conductor acts as the second wire in the cable. It also acts as a
shield for the inner conductor and helps reduce outside interference.
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The intensity of light is increased and decreased to represent binary one and
zero.
Text String, A fibre optic cable connector that uses a push-pull latching
mechanism similar to common audio and video cables.
Text String, A fibre optic cable connector that uses a bayonet plug and
socket.
Text String, A fibre optic cable connector that uses a threaded plug and
socket.
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Text String, Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack (MT-RJ), a fibre optics
connector popular for small form factor devices due to its small size.
For the fibre to guide the optical signal, the refractive index of the core must
be greater than cladding so that light can be confined to the guiding layer by
total internal reflection.
Cladding surrounds the core.It is also made of glass or plastic but is less
dense than the core.
Buffer surrounds cladding. It is usually made of plastic and helps shields the
core and cladding from being damaged.
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A strengthening material surrounds the buffer to prevent the fibre cable from
being stretched when installers pull it.
Outer jacket surrounds the cable to protect the fibre against abrasion,
solvents and other contaminants.
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LESSON 96
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
The use of wireless technology as a method of
data transport appears very similar to a wired
technology.
WIRELESS TRANSMISSION
Wireless transmission can be categorised into three broad groups:
• radio waves
• microwaves
• infrared
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It is actually the behaviour of the waves rather than the frequencies that
determines the classification of wireless transmission.
MICROWAVES
Electronic waves with frequencies between 1 GHz to 300 GHz are normally
called microwaves.
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Microwaves propagation is line-of-sight therefore
towers with mounted antennas need to be in
direct sight of each other.
Two types of antenna are used for microwave communications. They are the
parabolic dish antenna and the horn antenna.
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Due to its short-range communication system, the use of an infrared
communication system in one room will not be affected by the use of another
system in the next room.
This is why using an infrared TV remote control in our home will not interfere
with the use of our neighbour’s infrared TV remote control.
LESSON 97
DEFINITION OF NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEMS
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Red Hat Linux was one of the most popular Linux distributions, assembled
by Red Hat.
It is one of the "middle-aged" Linux distributions; 1.0 was released in
November 3rd, 1994.
Since 2003, Red Hat has discontinued the Red Hat Linux line in favour of its
new Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
Red Hat Linux 9, the final release, ended on April 30th, 2004, although the
Fedora Legacy project continues to publish updates.
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PEER-TO-PEER NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEMS
Peer-to-peer Network Operating Systems allow users to share resources and
files located on their computers. It is also for users to access shared
resources found on other computers.
AppleShare and Windows for Workgroups are examples of programs that can
function as peer-to-peer Network Operating Systems.
The Network Operating System provides the mechanism to integrate all the
components of the network and allow
multiple users to simultaneously share
the same resources irrespective of
physical location.
LESSON 98
TYPES OF CLIENT SOFTWARE
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WEB BROWSER
A web browser is a software application
that enables a user to display and
interact with HTML documents hosted by
web servers or held in a file system.
LESSON 99
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CHECKING FOR A NETWORK INTERFACE CARD
Secure the card in place with the screw from the blanking plate.
LESSON 100
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INSTALLING THE NIC DRIVER FOR WINDOWS 98 AND
WINDOWS ME
Step 1: After inserting the Network Interface Card into its slot, the “Add New
Hardware Wizard” should now appear. Click “Next” to continue.
Step 2: Select Search for the better driver and click “Next” to continue.
Step 3: Select “Specify a location” and browse to the location where your
CD-ROM drive is located. Select “Next” to continue.
Step 4: Windows will locate the correct driver for your device on the CD
supplied by the library. Windows will also indicate that it is now ready to
install the driver. Select “Next” to continue.
LESSON 101
ITEMS FOR MAKING STRAIGHT CABLE
CAT 5 cable has four twisted pairs of wire for a total of eight individually
insulated wires.
Twisted around a second wire with a white background and a stripe of the
same colour.
The straight cable is terminated with CAT 5 RJ-45 (Jack) modular plug(RJ
means Registered Jack).
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Crimp tool - to crimp RJ-45 connectors.
Cable stripper – to cut and strip cables.
Cutters - to cut the cable off at the reel
and to fine tune the cable ends during
assembly.
The wires should all end evenly at the front of the plug.
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Hold the wire near the RJ-45 plug with the clip down and firmly push it into
the front-left of the crimper.
Crimp it once.
LESSON 102
CROSSOVER CABLE
LESSON 103
NETWORK CONFIGURATION
NETWORK CONFIGURATION
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LESSON 104
TESTING OF NETWORK
TESTING OF NETWORK
Once you have installed the network card, cables and software, you can test
the new TCP/IP protocol.
Ping is the best utility for a TCP/IP connection test.
To use ping, open the Command Prompt window.
Enter the name or IP address you want to test after the ping command.
The ping utility then sends and receives packets of information.
If you successfully sent and received packets, all is well with the TCP/IP
connection.
If ping displays error messages such as:
• request timed out
• unknown host
• could not send, receive packets over the network
If the problem still persists, you have to check your network adapter or
protocol.
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LESSON 105
FOLDER
Folders can contain many different types of files, such as documents, music,
pictures, videos and programs.
These files can be copied or moved to other folders, computers and even to
the Internet.
SHARE FOLDERS
You can share the files and folders stored on your computer, and on your
network.
LESSON 106
WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
i-Mode, the world's first "smart phone service" was first introduced in Japan.
LESSON 107
MOBILE COMPUTING
There are various types of mobile computing devices. They include the
notebook computer, tablet PC, handheld computer, PDA and smartphone.
LESSON 108
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY
LESSON 109
BLOGGING
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A blog (web log or weblog) is one of the popular activities on the Internet.
Most of these blogs are publicly shared and the authors frequently update
the content on a regular basis.
LESSON 110
PERSONAL AREA NETWORK
Bluetooth is the popular wireless PAN used by most people, especially the
mobile phone technologies, and it applies the IEEE 802.15.1 standards.
VPN uses tunnelling mechanism to maintain privacy and security of the data.
Tunnelling means transmitting data packets across a public network.
VPN is often used by companies to provide access from their internal network
resources to their home or mobile workers.
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Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a type of LAN that uses high-
frequency radio waves to communicate between nodes.
WLAN improves user mobility, speed and scalability to move around within a
broad coverage area and still be connected to the network.
WiMAX
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is the industry
term for broadband wireless access network that is developed based on the
IEEE 802.16 standard.
WiMAX would operate similar to WiFi but at higher speeds, over greater
distances and for a greater number of users.
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