Week 4

EDU TUTORIAL WEEK 4
Good evening to the members of the floor. Today, we are going to discuss about a very hot issue, Gender Inequality in Educational Opportunities. To share their views and opinions, we have two wonderful guests here. On my right, we have Miss Hemalatha Devarajoo, the Deputy Director General of Ministry of Higher Education. On my left, we have Miss Sam Yujia, the counsellor of SMK Methodist ACS Ipoh, Perak. 1.) Deanne: Without further ado, can you share with us the statistics of the number of males and females enrolling into the higher institutes worldwide and in Malaysia? Hema: A recent national intake shows that women dominate more than 70 per cent worldwide and 60 per cent of the overall intake in Malaysia. Over the last three decades, there has been an increased participation of women in higher education. However, one common observation made by UNESCO is that women tend to concentrate in traditionally female subject areas such as arts and social sciences. Those days, it was incongruous. The male species dominated higher education. The percentage of women with higher education in the total population vis-a-vis men has increased gradually over time. In 1980, women comprised 31.7 per cent of people with higher education. The figure increased to 40.6 per cent in 1991 and further increased to 47.5 per cent in 2000. Women enrolment at all levels of higher education increased significantly between 1985 and 2008. Traditionally, significant gender-related issues in education pertain to gendersegregation and stereotyping as highlighted by Aminah (1998). This is because women have been associated with traditional fields such as education. However, nowadays women have been given chances to select any program without limitation. As a result, more and more women are taking programs which were previously associated with the masculine type. Thus, the enrolment of women at all levels of education is equitable to that of men. 2.) Deanne: What were the factors contributing to this issue then? Hema: The factors are; Stereotypes Mommys track (delay in career due to woman bringing up family)
EDU TUTORIAL WEEK 4
Glass ceiling (A glass ceiling is a political term used to describe "the unseen, yet unbreakable barrier that keeps minorities and women from rising to the upper rungs of the corporate ladder)
No (or Low) Direct Benefit from Investing in Girls Education The social returns to educating boys and girls are the same, but that parents expect more direct benefit from investing in sons if, for example, sons typically provide for parents in their old age, while daughters tend to leave and become part of a different household economic unit (after their marriage). In this case, the wedge between private and social returns generates a market failure, and the private decision to invest in girls schooling is likely to be inefficient.
Early marriage and pregnancy
3.) Deanne: Now for the current setting, what are the factors contributing to this gender inequality in educational opportunities? Sam: The factors are; Hidden curriculum in school Girls= household/cooking
Boy= carpentary/electronics
Boys skip class to go to cyber cafe according to my observation Men feel like they have to be more responsible to earn money; work after SPM instead of higher education
4.) Deanne: There should be quite a lot of implications and consequences that will be faced by the individual and their families because of this issue. May I have your view on this? Sam: The implications are; Less qualification, lower position Women do not have to rely on men Avoid violation Women= breadwinner Double salary for the family
EDU TUTORIAL WEEK 4
5.) Deanne: Can you share your opinion on the implications that will be faced by the society and also the country? Hema: Lower fertility and mortality rates according to statistics 6.) Deanne: Are there any ways that you would like to suggest to actually solve this gender inequality issue in terms of educational opportunities? Sam: I would like to propose three suggestions; Parents need to play their role (PIBG) Pursue your dream (men can be nurses and women can be engineers) Find their interest (technical school)
7.) Deanne: Do you have any other suggestions to overcome this issue? Hema: Having campaigns, educational trips and camps
Questions from the Floor 1.) Nur Rakin: Are the statistics similar for public and private higher institutions? Hema: Statistics show that in 2008, women represented 57.2 per cent of all graduates from higher learning education institutions. The share of 62.7 per cent of graduates in the public higher learning institutions are women, while in private institutions their share is 56.5 per cent. 2.) Karen Ting Jia Sze: What if your students approach you and say that he/she does not want to study further? What will be your action and advice? Sam: Do not force them. I will find about their interest (technical school). 3.) Nadiah Shukri: If a male student approaches you and says that he wants to pursue his dreams to be a fashion designer which is stereotyped as females choice of job, what will you do? Will you encourage him to follow his dream or advice him not to do so and persuade him to change his ambition? Sam: I will advise him to follow his ambition. He is responsible for his own ambition. I do not want him to blame me if he have any difficulties but I will surely discuss with him about the advantages and disadvantages of other careers and also his chosen career.

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EDU TUTORIAL WEEK 4

EDU TUTORIAL WEEK 4

Early marriage and pregnancy

EDU TUTORIAL WEEK 4

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