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    Practical 2 To Make Study of "Francis Reaction Turbine"

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    litrakhan
    The document describes the components and operation of a Francis reaction turbine. It has the following key parts: - A spiral casing that houses the guide mechanism and runner and converts pressure to kinetic energy. - Fixed and movable guide blades that direct water flow toward the runner with minimal energy loss. - A runner that converts hydraulic energy to mechanical energy through a series of curved vanes connected to circular discs. - A shaft that transmits the mechanical energy from the runner. - A draft tube that reconnects the tailwater and prevents energy losses by gradually increasing pressure.

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    Practical 2 To Make Study of "Francis Reaction Turbine"

    Uploaded by

    litrakhan
    60 views7 pages
    The document describes the components and operation of a Francis reaction turbine. It has the following key parts: - A spiral casing that houses the guide mechanism and runner and converts pressure to kinetic energy. - Fixed and movable guide blades that direct water flow toward the runner with minimal energy loss. - A runner that converts hydraulic energy to mechanical energy through a series of curved vanes connected to circular discs. - A shaft that transmits the mechanical energy from the runner. - A draft tube that reconnects the tailwater and prevents energy losses by gradually increasing pressure.

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    The document describes the components and operation of a Francis reaction turbine. It has the following key parts: - A spiral casing that houses the guide mechanism and runner and converts pressure to kinetic energy. - Fixed and movable guide blades that direct water flow toward the runner with minimal energy loss. - A runner that converts hydraulic energy to mechanical energy through a series of curved vanes connected to circular discs. - A shaft that transmits the mechanical energy from the runner. - A draft tube that reconnects the tailwater and prevents energy losses by gradually increasing pressure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    60 views7 pages

    Practical 2 To Make Study of "Francis Reaction Turbine"

    Uploaded by

    litrakhan
    The document describes the components and operation of a Francis reaction turbine. It has the following key parts: - A spiral casing that houses the guide mechanism and runner and converts pressure to kinetic energy. - Fixed and movable guide blades that direct water flow toward the runner with minimal energy loss. - A runner that converts hydraulic energy to mechanical energy through a series of curved vanes connected to circular discs. - A shaft that transmits the mechanical energy from the runner. - A draft tube that reconnects the tailwater and prevents energy losses by gradually increasing pressure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    Practical 2 To make study of FRANCIS REACTION TURBINE

    1. 1.1 Theory Reaction turbine

    In this turbine water is supplied to the runner with pressure energy as well as kinematic energy. It works due to the drop of pressure energy between the inlet and outlet of the casing. Water glides over the vanes and applies a torque on the runner, which produces the rotation of the shaft. 1.2 Types of Reaction Turbine 1. 2. 1.3 Francis Turbine Kaplan Turbine

    Francis Reaction Turbine

    It is inward flow reaction turbine in which vanes are radial at inlet and discharge is radial at outlet (Fluid flows mainly in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the rotation). 1.4 Main Components of the Francis Reaction Turbine 1. 2. Spiral Casing Guide Mechanism i. Fixed Guide Blades ii. Moveable Guide Blades Runner Shaft Draft Tube Braking Drum Tachometer Governor

    3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1.

    Spiral Casing

    It is a closed (air tight) chamber, which accommodates the guide mechanism and runner. Crosssectional area of the casing reduces in the direction of flow, which converts pressure energy of water into kinematic energy. Pressure energy at the inlet of the casing is above atmospheric and at the outlet of the casing it is below atmospheric (-ive).

    Figure 2.1 Spiral casing of Francis turbine 2. Guide Mechanism

    These are the guide blades, which guide the water to flow towards the runner with least loses of energy. Guide mechanism consist of the following: i. ii. i. Fixed Guide Blades Moveable Guide Blades

    Fixed Guide Blades

    There are the blades, which are fixed in position, and they guide the flow of water towards moveable guide blades in the proper direction with the minimum loss of energy. ii. Moveable Guide Blades

    Moveable guide consist of number of blades, which can rotate about their frictionless pivot.

    Functions: i. To guide the water coming from the fixed guide blades to the runner in a proper direction for shock less entry to the runner.

    ii. To regulate the flow of water to the runner and to maintain the constant speed of the turbine

    Figure 2.2 Mechanism of water flow through vanes of Francis turbine 3. Runner

    It is a rotating wheel of the Francis Reaction Turbine, which is keyed to the shaft of the turbine. It consists of a series of curved vanes connected with circular discs on both sides. The surface of the runner is made smooth to minimize the losses due to friction. For low heads, the runner may be made of cast iron, for higher heads it is made of steel or alloy.

    Function: It converts the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy.

    Figure 2.3 Runner of Francis Turbine

    4.

    Shaft

    It is a rotating rod supported by bearings. it transmits mechanical energy from runner to Braking Drum. 5. Draft Tube

    It is a diverging pipe which connects the outlet of the casing and the tail race level (T.R.L). Lower end of the Draft tube is kept submerged. Pressure at the inlet of the draft tube is ive and at outlet it is atmospheric. Functions: i. It enables the turbine to be installed above the tailrace level without loosing any appreciable loss of energy (head) to facilitate the easy inspection and maintenance and to prevent from rusting. ii. As the area of flow of the draft tube gradually increases so it increases the pressure energy from ive at inlet to atmospheric at outlet of the Draft Tube. iii. To decrease velocity of flow gradually from inlet to outlet of draft tube.

    Figure 2.4 Shaft and Draft Tube of Francis Turbine 6. Braking Drum

    A rotating drum used to measure the brake power of the turbine is called braking drum. One side of drum has a clamp for the application of rotating torque and one side there is a lever system arrangement for measuring this torque by applying known weights. 7. Drum Cooling Pipes

    When brakes are applied to rotating braking drum, a lot of heat energy is generated which may burn the leather brake shoes. In order to keep the braking drum in cool state, fresh water is circulated through the chamber in the braking drum. The cooling pipe system consist of the two in diameter pipes, i.e. (i) inflow or supply pipe having a valve, (ii) outflow or discharge pipe. 9. Tachometer

    A gauge used to measure the speed of rotation of the runner in terms of revolution per minute (r.p.m). It is attached to the shaft through a belt and gives a direct reading. 10. Governor

    Load on the turbine never remains constant, which will affect the efficiency of the machine. Governor is a machine, which is attached to the turbine, to keep the r.p.m of the shaft constant, i.e. equal to normal speed, to maintain its maximum efficiency.

    Figure 2.5 Tachometer

    Figure 2.6 Francis turbine

    Observations:
    Sr. No. 1 Description Units of Bourdon Gauge fitted on casing 2 Range of Bourdon Gauge fitted on inlet pipe 3 Units of Bourdon Gauge on inlet pipe 4 Range of Bourdon Gauge on inlet pipe 5 Number of Moveable guide blades 6 Minimum Scale of Tachometer (r.p.m) 7 Maximum Scale of Tachometer (r.p.m) Francis Reaction turbine

    Inlet Bourdon Gauge Fitted on Casing (psi)

    Inlet Bourdon Gauge Fitted on inlet pipe(psi)

    Voltage (V)

    Make a Graph between bourdon gauge reading (psi) on x-axis and Voltage (V) on y-axis.

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