A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams 365

Tool and Die Steels

Composition: 0.37% C - 0.61% Mn - 1.00% Si - 6.10% Cr -
1.26% MO - 0.97% V AuetenitiEed (a) at 108OC (1976OF) (b)
1osooc (1886oF)
SOURCE: H. Nilrron, 0. Sandberg, W. Roberts, The Influence of Austenieation Temperature and Cooling Rate after
Austenisation on the Mechanical Propertiee of the Hot Work Tool Steels Hll and HlS, Swedish Institute for Metals Research,
M-1675, 1982, ae published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrame for Vanadium Steele, Vanitec, England,
June 1985
Tool and Die Steels
Composition: 0.75% C - 0.31% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.019% S -
0.025% P - 4.25% Cr - 0.20% Ni - 1.45% V - 17.54% W
Austenitised at 1270C (2318OF)
SOURCE: Iiutnik (in Polish), No. 8-9, 1981, aa published in Atlam of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagram8 for Vanadium
Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1986
366 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
Tool and Die Steels
Composition: 0.92% C - 0.31% Mn - 0.35% Si - 0.019% S -
0.025% P - 4.10% Cr - 4.QO% MO - 1.88% V - 6.20% W
Aurtenitised at 1240C (2264OF)
SOURCE: Hutnik (in Polish), No. 8-9, 1981, ae published in Atloa of Continuoue Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium
Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985
Tool and Die Steels
Composition: 1.06% C - 4.43% Cr - 0.44% MO - 2.32% V -
10.32% W - 3.92% Co Austenitised at 1210C (2210OF)
SOURCE: Hutnik (in Polish), No. 1, 1984, an published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium
Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams 367
Tool and Die Steels
Comporition: 1.13% C - 0.51% Mn - 0.50% Si - 0.022% S -
0.025% P - 4.02% Cr - 8.80% MO - 1.24% V - 1.80% W - 7.QO%
Co Auntenitised at 1170C (2138F)
SOURCE: Hutnik (in Polish), No. 1, 1984, aa published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium
Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985
Tool and Die Steels
Composition: 2.50% C - 2.00% Cr - 0.60% Ni - 5.20% MO -
7.20% V Aueteniticed at 104QC (1900OF)
SOURCE: J. Dodd, R.B. Gundlach, P.A. Morton, Mechanical Working and Steel Processing XIX, KS-AIME, 1982, as published
in Atlaa of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagram8 for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985
274 A t/as of lime-Temperature Diagrams
1.0% C - 0.7% MD - 0.5% Si - 6.0% Cr Steels (MO Additions)
Composition: 1.03% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.60% Si - &OS% Cr - Composition: 1.02% C - 0.73% Mn - 0.46% Si - 6.08% Cr -
0.038% MO Austenitised at Q70C (178OF) for 20 min 1.03% MO Austenitised at 970C (1780OF) for 20 min
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Martensitic Air-Hardenable High-Chromium-Molybdenum Abrasion-Resistant Cast Steels, AFS
Transactions, vol 83, 1975, American Foundrymens Society, Des Plaines IL
458
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
A10 Tool Steel
Composition: 1.36% C - 1.84% Mn - 1.14% Si - 1.81% Ni -
0.15% Cr - 1.41% MO - 0.38% Graphite Austenitiaed at 795C
(1460F)
SOURCE: Timken Roller Bearing Company
508
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
A2 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.97% C - 0.48% bin - 0.40% Si - 4.58% Cr -
1.04% MO - 0.25% V Auetenitieed at 10IOC (1850cF)
SOURCE: P. Payron, J.L. Klein, The Hardening of Tool Steels, Transactions of the ASM, Vol 31, ASM, March 1943, pp
218-266
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
231
290 (AI!31 A2 Tool Steel)
Composition: 0.95% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.011% S -
0.018% P - 0.26% Ni - 4.90% C&1.03% MO - 0.22% Cu - 0.02%
Al Grain nice: lo-11 Austeniticed at 935OC (1715OF) for 20 min
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diapammee de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
274 A t/as of lime-Temperature Diagrams
1.0% C - 0.7% MD - 0.5% Si - 6.0% Cr Steels (MO Additions)
Composition: 1.03% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.60% Si - &OS% Cr - Composition: 1.02% C - 0.73% Mn - 0.46% Si - 6.08% Cr -
0.038% MO Austenitised at Q70C (178OF) for 20 min 1.03% MO Austenitised at 970C (1780OF) for 20 min
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Martensitic Air-Hardenable High-Chromium-Molybdenum Abrasion-Resistant Cast Steels, AFS
Transactions, vol 83, 1975, American Foundrymens Society, Des Plaines IL
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 275
1.35% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.5% Si - 6.0% Cr Steels (MO Additions)
Composition: 136% C - 0.77% Mn - 0.60% Si - 5.99% Cr -
0.041% MO Aurtenitired at 970C (178OF) for 20 min
Composition: 1.35% C - 0.73% Mn - 0.45% Si - 6.00% Cr -
0.98% MO Austeniticed at 970C (1780OF) for 20 min
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
507
D2 Tool Steel
Composition: 1.50% C - 11.60% Cr - 0.80% MO - 0.20% V
Austenitieed at Q80C (18OOOF)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, February 1949 aa published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
508 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
D4 Tool Steel
Composition: 2.25% C - 11.50% Cr - 0.80% MO - 0.20% V
Austeniticed at Q80C ( 1800F)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, December 1947 an published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
226
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
287 (AISI D3 Tool Steel)
Composition: 2.09% C - 0.52% Mn - 0.33% Si - 12.76% Cr
Grain rice: lo-11 Aurteniticed at Q70C (1778F) for 30 min
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation dee Aciere Fabriquee dane le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
238 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
294 (AISI D2 Tool Steel)
Composition: 1.62% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.48% Si - 0.01% S -
0.024% P - 12.44% Cr - 0.80% MO - 0.83% V Grain sise: 9-10
Austenitised at 103OC (1886OF) for 30 min
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
276
Atlas of lime-Temperature Diagrams
0.85% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.5% Si - 12.0% Cr Steels (MO Additions)
Compoeition: 0.86% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.46% Si - 12.0% Cr - Composition: 0.84% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.44% Si - 12.10% Cr -
0.068% MO Auetenitired at 97OC (17@F) for 20 min 1.06% MO Auetenitked at Q70C (1780F) for 20 min
Composition: 0.86% C - 0.71% Mn - 0.43% Si - 12.10% Cr -
3.07% MO Auetenitised at 970C 1780F) for 20 min
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams 277
1.35% C - 0.7% MD - 0.5% Si - 12.0% Cr Steels (MO Additions)
Composition: 1.38% C - 0.74% Mn - 0.46% Si - 11.80% Cr -
0.078% MO Austenitised at 970C (178OOF) for 20 min
Composition: 1.36% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.44% Si - 12.0% Cr -
1.00% MO Austenitited at Q70C (1780OF) for 20 min
Composition: 1.36% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.43% Si - 11.9% Cr -
3.06% MO Austenitised at Q70C (1780F) for 20 min
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Martensitic Air-Hardenable High-Chromium-Molybdenum Abrasion-Resistant Cast Steels, AFS
Transactions, vol 83, 1975, American Foundrymens Society, Des Plaines IL
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
129
X 210 Cr (AISI D3 Tool Steel)
Composition: 2.08% C - 0.39% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.017% P -
0.012% S - 11.48% Cr - 0.15% Cu - 0.02% MO - 0.31% Ni -
0.04% V Austenitked at 970C (1778oF)
SOURCE: Atlas r.ur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahl&en mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
216 Atlas of lime-Temperature Diagrams
Z 160 CDV 12 Steel
Composition: 1.56% C - 0.37% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.001% S -
0.020% P - 0.26% Ni - 12.46% Cr - 0.54% MO - 0.10% Cu -
0.65% V - 0.28% W Grain he: 11 Austeniticed at 1000C
(i832OF) for 30 min
SOURCE: Courber de Transformation de8 Aciera de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
216 Atlas of lime-Temperature Diagrams
Z 200 C 12 Steel
Composition: 1.78% C - 0.27% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.010% S -
0.025% P - 0.35% Ni - 11.70% Cr - 0.61% MO - 0.090% V -
0.63% W Grain she: 11 Austeniticed at QSOOC (1742F) for 30
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciera de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
A t/us of Time-Temperature Diugrums
241
361 (AISI H 21 Tool Steel)
Composition: 0.31% C - 0.32% Mn - 0.41% Si - 0.014% S -
0.013% P - 0.31% Ni - 2.36% Cr - 0.22% MO - 0.32% V - 8.59%
W - 0.16% Cu - 0.013% Al Grain sire: Q-10 Austenitised at
1130~~ (2066~~)
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
202 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
40 NDCV 18-11 Steel
Composition: 0.41% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.006% S -
0.017% P - 4.80% Ni - 0.54% Cr - 1.13% MO - 0.520% V
Austenitieed at 875OC (1610F) for 30 min
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 489
65Nb Steel
Composition: 0.66% C - 0.15% Mn - 0.18% Si - 4.02% Cr -
2.04% MO - 1.02% V - 0.26% Nb - 2.99% W Austenitked at
116OC (2120OF)
SOURCE: Cui Kun, Hu Zhenhua, Zhao Juhua, Microstructure,
Mechanical Proper&e and Heat Treatment of New Matrix Steel
66CrlWSMoZVNb with High Strength and Toughness, Journal
of Heat Treating, Vol 1, No. 4, ASM, 1980, pp 37-46
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
H12 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.32% C - 0.35% Mn - 0.95% Si - 4.86% Cr -
1.45% MO - 1.29% W Auetenitked at 10IOC (1850OF)
SOURCE: P. Payeon, J.L. Klein, The Hardening of Tool Steels, Transactions of the ASM, Vol 31, ASM, March, 1943, pp
218-256
A t/as of lime-Temperature Diagrams
505
H13 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.40% C - 1.05% Si - 5.00% Cr - 1.35% Mo -
1.10% V Austenitised at 10IOC (1850OF)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, February 1949 as published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 239
367 (H 13)
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.94% Si - 0.015% S -
0.02% P - 4.80% Cr - 134% MO - 1.19% V Grain rice: 10
Auetenitised at 102OC (1868F) for 15 min
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammer de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Rechercher Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
506 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
H16 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.54% C - 0.62% Mn - 0.93% Si - 7.83% Cr -
6.90% W Auetenitised at 900C (16509)
SOURCE: Peter Payaon, The Annealing of Steel, Iron Age, Vol 152, 1943 as published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation
and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
507
H21 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.28% C - 3.26% Cr - 0.26% V - 9.00% W
Austenitised at llSOC (21OOOF)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, March 1948 M published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and Cooling
Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams 485
3% MO Low Carbon Tool Steels
Composition: 0.22% C - 0.50% Mn - 030% Si - 0.016% P - Composition: 0.24% C - 0.63% Mn - 030% Si - 0.016% P -
0.026% S - 2.80% Ni - 2.95% MO Austenitised at 1035OC 0.027% S - 2.95% MO Austenitieed at 1035C (1900OF) for 2 h
(1900F) for 2 h
Composition: 0.10% C - 0.50% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.017% P -
0.025% S - 2.95% MO Aueteniticed at 10IOC (185OOF) for 2 h
SOURCE: R.B. Corbett, J.A. Succop, A. Feduska, Alpha-Molybdenum Hot-Work Die Steels, Transactions of the ASM, Vol 46,
1954, pp 1599-1618
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 155
SOURCE: Atlas sUr Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
X 30 WCrV 5 3
Composition: 0.28% C - 0.39% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.020% P -
0.006% S - 2.35% Cr - 0.06% MO - 0.06% Ni - 0.53% V - 4.10%
W Austenitised at 1090C (1994OF)
756 Atlas of lime-Temperature Diagrams
IT
X 30 WCrV 9 3
Composition: 0.28% C - 036% Mn - 0.11% Si - 0.008% P -
0.004% S - 2.57% Cr - O.OS% MO - 0.04% Ni - 0.35% V - 8.88%
W Austeniticed at 1120C (2048F1
Aclb = 820C
Acle = 925C
M,, = 420C
CCT
702 7ov
sekuflden I I I I I
7 70 700 7000 nm
A + K Area for austenite and carbides
Minuten I I I
K Area for carbide formation
- zeit -
7 70 700
Jyunden
P Area for pearlite formation
0 Hardness in HV
F + K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation)
Z Cementite
M Area for martensite formation
1oz 10% Cementite
RA Ftesidual austenite
1;2 (refers to numbers on curves)
F Area for ferrite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, voi 1, Verlag Stahieisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 151
X 38 CrMoV 5 1 (AISI H 11 Tool Steel)
Composition: 039% C - 0.48% Mn - 0.94% Si - 0.013% P -
0.005% S - 6.63% Cr - 0.20% Cu - 0.87% MO - 0.04% Ni -
0.48% V Austeniticed at 10SOC (1886F)
SOURCE: Atlas Lur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
798 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
Z 38 CDWV 5 Steel
Composition: 0.57% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.95% Si - 0.008% S -
0.018% P - 0.17% Ni - 4.70% Cr - 1.40% MO - 0.11% Cu -
0.500% V - 1.80% W Grain eke: 8-Q Austeniticed at 1000C
(1832OF) for 30 min
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.95% Si - 0.008% S -
0.018% P - 0.17% Ni - 4.70% Cr - 1.40% MO - 0.11% Cu -
0.500% V - 1.80% W Grain eke: 8-Q Austenitized at 1000C
(1832F) for 30 min
SOURCE: Courbee de Transformation der Aciera de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
202
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
230 WCV 9 Steel
Composition: 0.27% C - 0.43% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.018% S -
0.008% P - 0.10% Ni - 2.45% Cr - 0.13% MO - 0.360% V -
8.70% W Grain she: 10 Austenitised at llSOC (2102OF) for 30
min
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
202
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
Z 40 WCV 5 Steel
Composition: 0.38% C - 0.52% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.022% S -
0.018% P - 0.08% Ni - 3.23% Cr - 0.44% MO - 0.580% V -
4.15% W Grain sire: 5 Austenitised at 1050C (19220F) for 30
min
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
219
55 NCDV 7 Steel
Composition: 0.55% C - 0.68% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.004% S -
0.014% P - 1.65% Ni - 1.00% Cr - 0.35% MO - 0.11% Cu -
0.220% V - 0.08% W Grain sire: 12 Austenitised at 85OC
(1562F) for 30 min
SOURCE: Courlxs de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
513
Ll Tool Steel
Composition: 1.01% C - 0.50% Mn - 0.30% Si - 1.21% Cr
Austeniticed at 815OC (15OOF)
SOURCE: P. Payson, J.L. Kelin, The Hardening of Tool Steels, Transactions of the ASM, Vol 31, ASM, March 1943, 218-256
514 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
L2 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.45% C - 0.70% Mn - 1.00% Cr - 0.20% V
Austenitked at QOOC (1660F)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, December 1947 aa published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrame, ASM, 1977
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
457
L6 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.72% C - 0.35% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.018% P -
0.010% S - 1.76% Ni - 0.94% Cr Grain sise: 9 Austenitieed at
830C (1525F)
SOURCE: Carpenter Technology Corp.
L6 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.76% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.25% Si - 1.35% Ni -
0.75% Cr - 0.30% MO - 0.15% V Austenitired at 84SC
( 15SOF)
SOURCE: Crucible Steel Company
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams 571
P2 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.07% (max) C - 0.56% Ni - 1.35% Cr - 0.20% MO
Austenitised at 845C (155OF)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, February 1948 as published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams 513
P20 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.30% C - 0.75% Mn - 0.50% Si - 0.80% Cr -
0.25% MO Austenitised at 845C ( 1550F)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, February 1949 as published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
572
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
P4 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.14% C - 0.41% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.19% Ni -
5.12% Cr - 0.51% MO Austenitised at 9OOC ( 1650cF)
SOURCE: L.F. Bowne, Jr., The Use of Direct Transformation Data in Determining Preheat and Poetheat Requirements for Arc
Welding Deep Hardening Steels and Weld Deposits, Welding Jounral, Vol 25, April 1946, pp 2348-241s aa published in Atlas of
Isothermal Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
572
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
P2 (Carburized Case) Tool Steel
Composition: 0.07% (max) C* - 0.65% Ni - 1.35% Cr - 0.20%
MO Austenitired at 845C ( lS50F)
* before carburising
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, February 1948 as published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams 571
P2 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.07% (max) C - 0.56% Ni - 1.35% Cr - 0.20% MO
Austenitised at 845C (155OF)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, February 1948 as published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams 513
P20 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.30% C - 0.75% Mn - 0.50% Si - 0.80% Cr -
0.25% MO Austenitised at 845C ( 1550F)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, February 1949 as published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
572
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
P4 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.14% C - 0.41% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.19% Ni -
5.12% Cr - 0.51% MO Austenitised at 9OOC ( 1650cF)
SOURCE: L.F. Bowne, Jr., The Use of Direct Transformation Data in Determining Preheat and Poetheat Requirements for Arc
Welding Deep Hardening Steels and Weld Deposits, Welding Jounral, Vol 25, April 1946, pp 2348-241s aa published in Atlas of
Isothermal Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
572
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
P2 (Carburized Case) Tool Steel
Composition: 0.07% (max) C* - 0.65% Ni - 1.35% Cr - 0.20%
MO Austenitired at 845C ( lS50F)
* before carburising
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, February 1948 as published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
242 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
412
Composition: 1.19% C - 031% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.021% S -
0.01% P - 4.54% Cr - 5.10% MO - 3.29% V - 7.92% W
- 12.27% Co Grain rise: 11 Austenitised at 1200C (2192OF)
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
D MO 5
Composition: 0.85% C - 0.31% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.015% P -
0.010% S - 4.15% Cr - 4.79% MO - 0.18% Ni - 2.01% V - 6.34%
W Austenitised at 119OC (2174OF)
SOURCE: Atlas cur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleieen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
D MO 5
Composition: 0.85% C - 0.31% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.015% P -
0.010% S - 4.15% Cr - 4.79% MO - 0.18% Ni - 2.01% V - 6.34%
W Austenitised at 119OC (2174OF)
SOURCE: Atlas cur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleieen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 501
Ml0 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.86% C - 4.00% Cr - 8.00% MO - 190% V
Aurtenitised at 1220C (222SOF)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, December 1947 as published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
500 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
M2 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.81% C - 0.24% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.016% P -
0.007% S - 4.10% Cr - 4.69% MO - 1.64% V - 5.95% W
SOURCE: Paul Gordon, Morris Cohen, Robert S. Rose, The Kinetics of Austenite Decomposition in High Speed Steel,
Transactions of the ASM, Vol31, ASM, March 1943, 161-217
M2 Mod Tool Steel
Composition: 0.83% C - 0.32% Mn - 0.25% Si - 3.89% Cr -
4.30% MO - 1.30% V - 5.79% W Austeniticed at 1220C
(2225F)
SOURCE: P. Payson, J .L. Klein, The Hardening of Tool Steels, Transactions of the ASM, Vol. 31, ASM, 1 1943, 218-256
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 573
18-O-l Steel
Composition: 0.64% C - 0.44% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.023% P -
0.023% S - 4.02% Cr - 0.42% MO - 1.24% V - 7.44% W
Austenitiaed at 126OC (23OOOF)
6-5-2 Steel
Composition: 0.51% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.41% Si - 0.023% P -
0.030% S - 3.94% Cr - 2.46% MO - 1.24% V - 1.60% W
Austenitired at 1260cC (2280F)
2-9-2 S tee1
Composition: 0.52% C - 0.42% Mn - 0.47% Si - 0.028% P -
0.030% S - 3.97% Cr - 3.15% MO -1.15% V - 0.99% W
Austenitised at 1240C (2265OF)
SOURCE: Jeny Pacyna, Tadeuss Palusskiewicc, Stanislaw Gorcsyca, Effect of Molybdenum on the Kinetics of Phase
Transformation of Undercooled Austenite in High-Speed Steels Under Continuous Cooling, Steel Research, Vol 59, No. 1, 1988,
pp 34-41
A t/us of Time-Temperature Diugrums
241
411 (AISI M2 Tool Steel)
Composition: 0.95% C - 0.24% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.018% S -
0.006% P - 4.64% Cr - 4.80% MO - 2.45% V - 7.12% W Grain
sise: 9-10 Austenitised at 1230C (224SF)
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
220 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
Z 110 DKCWV 09-08-04-02-01 Steel
Composition: 1.11% C - 0.24% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.007% S -
0.023% P - 3.91% Cr - 9.50% MO - 1.210% v - 1.47% w -
8.35% Co Grain size: 7-7 Austenitized at 12OOOC (2192F) for
SOURCE: Courbea de Transformation der Aciem de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
220T A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
Z 130 WDCV 06-05-04-04 Steel
Composition: 1.29% C - 0.26% Mn - 0.43% Si - 0.006% S -
0.025% P - 4.42% Cr - 4.10% MO - 4.000% v - 5.54% w -
0.37% Co Grain she: 8 Austenitised at 12SOC (2246F)
SOURCE: Courbea de Transformation der Aciem de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 203
Z 65 WDCV 06-05 Steel
Composition: 0.56% C - 0.27% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.17% Ni -
4.00% Cr - 5.00% MO - 1.800% V - 7.00% W - 0.40% Co
Austenitired at 114OC (2084OF) for 30 min
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
219
Z 80 WDCV 6 Steel
Composition: 0.76% C - 0.25% Mn - 0.35% Si - 0.031% S -
0.025% P - 4.54% Cr - 5.75% MO - 2.050% V - 6.60% W -
0.86% Co Grain size: 9-10 Austenitised at 1225OC (2240OF) for
10 min
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 217
Z 85 DCWV 08-04-02-02 Steel
Composition: 0.85% C _ 0.27% Mn _ 0.24% Si - 0.023% S -
O.OZi% P - 4.03% Cr - 8.00% MO - 1.380% v - 1.43% w -
0.19% Co Grain sire: 9 Auetenitired at 12OOOC (2192OF) for 10
SOURCE: Courbee de Transformation den Aciera de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
220 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
Z 85 WDKCV 06-05-05-04-02 Steel
Composition: 0.84% C - 0.22% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.014% S -
0.025% P - 4.36% Cr - 4.95% MO - l.SSO% V - 6.48% W -
4.85% Co Grain sire: 7-8 Austeniticed at 12SOC (2246F) for
10 min
SOURCE: Courbee de Transformation der Aciem de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
209
100 WC 10 Steel
Composition: 1.15% C - 038% Mn - 038% Si - 0.008% S -
0.018% P - 0.21% Ni - 0.74% Cr - 0.02% MO - 0.12% Cu -
1.20% W Grain sire: 12 Austenitired at 850C (15620F) for 30
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
145
105 WCr 6
Composition: 1.03% C - 0.97% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.016% P -
0.018% S - 1.05% Cr - 0.25% Cu - 0.03% MO - 0.13% Ni -
1.15% W Auetenitked at 815OC (1499OF)
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
231
311 (AM 01 Tool Steel)
Composition: O.QO% C - 1.07% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.49% Cr -
0.63% W Grain eke: 11 Austenitired at 820C (1508OF) for 30
min
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diapammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
234 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
312 (AISI 02 Tool Steel)
Composition: 0.85% C - 1.98% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.46% Cr -
0.14% V Grain sise: 11 Austeniticed at 79OC (1454OF) for 30
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
176
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
Composition: 0.93% C - 1.25% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.007% S -
0.020% P - 0.24% Ni - 0.60% Cr - 0.15% Cu Grain rise: 11-12
Austenitieed at 825OC (1520F) for 30 min
90 M 5 Steel
Composition: 0.93% C - 1.25% Mn - 0.20% Si _ 0.007% S -
0.020% P - 0.24% Ni - 0.60% Cr - 0.15% Cu Grain rice: 11-12
Austenitized at 825C (1520F) for 30 min
SOURCE: Courber de Transformation de8 Aciera de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
174 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
90 MV 8 Steel
Composition: 0.81% C - 2.10% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.003% S - Composition: 0.81% C - 2.10% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.003% S -
0.016% P - 0.06% Ni - 0.02% Cr - 0.01% MO - 0.04% CU - 0.016% P - 0.06% Ni - 0.02% Cr - 0.01% MO - 0.04% Cu -
0.17% V - 0.05% W Grain sise: 12 Austenitired at 800C
0.17% V - 0.05% W Grain sise: 12 Austenitired at 800C
(1472OF) for 30 min (1472F) for 30 min
Acl = 730C MS = 170C
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
555
AISI 01 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.87% C - 1.21% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.52% Cr -
0.58% W Grain rice: Q-1/2 Auntenitked at 855OC (1475F)
(using interrupted Jominy Method)
AISI S5 Tool Steel
Comporition: 0.62% C - 0.72% Mn - 1.72% Si - 0.46% MO Grain
sire: 9 Auatenitized at 8SSC (lS7SF)
(using interrupted Jominy Method)
SOURCE: Bethlehem Steel Corporation as published in Metal Progress
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
01 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.86% C - 1.18% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.50% Cr -
0.44% W Austenitised at 795C (1450F)
SOURCE: P. Payson, J.L. Klein, The Hardening of Tool Steels, Transactions of the ASM, Vol 31, ASM, March 1943, 218-256
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
02 Tool Steel
Compoeition: 0.87% C - 1.78% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.027% P -
0.010% S - 0.15% Ni - 0.20% Cr - O.OS% MO Austenitieed at
795C (1450F)
SOURCE: Carpenter Technology Corp.
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 239
271 (AISI Sl Tool Steel)
Composition: 0.415% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.52% Si - 1.40% Cr -
0.31% V - 2.28% W Austenitised at QOOOC (1652OF) for 30 min
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
232
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
272
Composition: 0.64% C - 0.39% Mn - 0.67% Si - 1.20% Cr
- 1.66% W Austenitised at 850C (1562OF) for 30 min
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
232
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
273
Composition: 0.33% C - 0.38% Mn - 0.30% Si - 1.06% Cr
- 1.01% W Grain rice: 11-12 Austeniticed at QSOC (1742OF)
for 30 min
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
233
275
Composition: 0.46% C - 0.89% Mn-1.40% Si - 0.80% Ni
- 1.41% Cr - 0.10% v - 0.0017% B Auetenitised at QOOOC
(1652OF) for 80 min
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams 759
A+K Area for austenite and carbides F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F+K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
P Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
0 Hardness in HV 1oz 10% Cementite
zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation) 1 ; 2 (refem to numbers on curves)
M Area for martensite fcrmation proportion of structure formed, in percent
RA Residual austenite
45 CrVMoW 5 8
Composition: 0.39% C - 0.45% Mn - 0.58% Si - 0.018% P -
0.003% S - 1.45% Cr - 0.47% MO - 0.13% Ni - 0.70% V - 0.55%
W Austenitised at 1050C (1922F)
Aclb = 790Oc
Acle = QOOOC
ryI, = 36Ooc
SOURCE: Ath sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
214 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
45 WC 20-04 Steel
Composition: 0.48% C - 0.27% Mn - 0.67% Si - 0.005% S -
0.010% P - 0.14% Ni - 1.20% Cr - 0.02% MO - 0.21% Cu -
0.013% V - 2.34% W Grain she: 9 Austenitised at 950
(1742OF) for 30 min
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
158
A t/as of lime-Temperature Diagrams
60 WCrV 7
Composition: 0.56% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.94% Si - 0.015% P -
0.012% S - 1.27% Cr - 0.05% MO - 0.12% Ni - 0.18% V - 2.10%
W Austenitired at 880C (1616OF)
SOURCE: Atlas xur Warmebehandlung der Stable, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
555
AISI 01 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.87% C - 1.21% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.52% Cr -
0.58% W Grain rice: Q-1/2 Auntenitked at 855OC (1475F)
(using interrupted Jominy Method)
AISI S5 Tool Steel
Comporition: 0.62% C - 0.72% Mn - 1.72% Si - 0.46% MO Grain
sire: 9 Auatenitized at 8SSC (lS7SF)
(using interrupted Jominy Method)
SOURCE: Bethlehem Steel Corporation as published in Metal Progress
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 529
SOURCE: Bethlehem Steel Corporation
Al!31 S7 Tool Steel
Comporition: 0.60% C - 0.71% Mn - 0.30% Si - 3.20% Cr -
132% MO Aurtenitissd at Q40C (1726OF)
510 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
Sl Tool Steel
Composition: 0.60% C - 1.25% Cr - 0.20% V - 2.75% W
Austenitired at Q6SC (1750OF)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, December 1947 as published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
510T A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
S2 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.50% C - 0.35% Mn - 1.0% Si - 0.018% P -
O.OlS% S - 0.19% Ni - 0.11% Cr - 0.50% MO Grain sire: 8
Austeniticed at 845C (165OOF)
SOURCE: Carpenter Technology Corp.
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams 571
S5 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.60% C - 0.75% Mn - 1.90% Si - 0.25% Cr -
0.30% MO Aurtenitired at 900C (1650F)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, February 1949 aa published in Atlaa of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 239
271 (AISI Sl Tool Steel)
Composition: 0.415% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.52% Si - 1.40% Cr -
0.31% V - 2.28% W Austenitised at QOOOC (1652OF) for 30 min
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
232
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
272
Composition: 0.64% C - 0.39% Mn - 0.67% Si - 1.20% Cr
- 1.66% W Austenitised at 850C (1562OF) for 30 min
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
232
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
273
Composition: 0.33% C - 0.38% Mn - 0.30% Si - 1.06% Cr
- 1.01% W Grain rice: 11-12 Austeniticed at QSOC (1742OF)
for 30 min
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
233
275
Composition: 0.46% C - 0.89% Mn-1.40% Si - 0.80% Ni
- 1.41% Cr - 0.10% v - 0.0017% B Auetenitised at QOOOC
(1652OF) for 80 min
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams 759
A+K Area for austenite and carbides F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F+K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
P Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
0 Hardness in HV 1oz 10% Cementite
zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation) 1 ; 2 (refem to numbers on curves)
M Area for martensite fcrmation proportion of structure formed, in percent
RA Residual austenite
45 CrVMoW 5 8
Composition: 0.39% C - 0.45% Mn - 0.58% Si - 0.018% P -
0.003% S - 1.45% Cr - 0.47% MO - 0.13% Ni - 0.70% V - 0.55%
W Austenitised at 1050C (1922F)
Aclb = 790Oc
Acle = QOOOC
ryI, = 36Ooc
SOURCE: Ath sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
214 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
45 WC 20-04 Steel
Composition: 0.48% C - 0.27% Mn - 0.67% Si - 0.005% S -
0.010% P - 0.14% Ni - 1.20% Cr - 0.02% MO - 0.21% Cu -
0.013% V - 2.34% W Grain she: 9 Austenitised at 950
(1742OF) for 30 min
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
158
A t/as of lime-Temperature Diagrams
60 WCrV 7
Composition: 0.56% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.94% Si - 0.015% P -
0.012% S - 1.27% Cr - 0.05% MO - 0.12% Ni - 0.18% V - 2.10%
W Austenitired at 880C (1616OF)
SOURCE: Atlas xur Warmebehandlung der Stable, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
555
AISI 01 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.87% C - 1.21% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.52% Cr -
0.58% W Grain rice: Q-1/2 Auntenitked at 855OC (1475F)
(using interrupted Jominy Method)
AISI S5 Tool Steel
Comporition: 0.62% C - 0.72% Mn - 1.72% Si - 0.46% MO Grain
sire: 9 Auatenitized at 8SSC (lS7SF)
(using interrupted Jominy Method)
SOURCE: Bethlehem Steel Corporation as published in Metal Progress
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 529
SOURCE: Bethlehem Steel Corporation
Al!31 S7 Tool Steel
Comporition: 0.60% C - 0.71% Mn - 0.30% Si - 3.20% Cr -
132% MO Aurtenitissd at Q40C (1726OF)
510 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
Sl Tool Steel
Composition: 0.60% C - 1.25% Cr - 0.20% V - 2.75% W
Austenitired at Q6SC (1750OF)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, December 1947 as published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
510T A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
S2 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.50% C - 0.35% Mn - 1.0% Si - 0.018% P -
O.OlS% S - 0.19% Ni - 0.11% Cr - 0.50% MO Grain sire: 8
Austeniticed at 845C (165OOF)
SOURCE: Carpenter Technology Corp.
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams 571
S5 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.60% C - 0.75% Mn - 1.90% Si - 0.25% Cr -
0.30% MO Aurtenitired at 900C (1650F)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, February 1949 aa published in Atlaa of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
242 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
405 (T 15 Tool Steel)
Composition: 1.42% C - 0.43% Mn - 0.38% Si - 0.026% S -
0.005% P - 4.42% Cr - 0.70% MO - 4.55% V - 12.99% W -
4.97% Co Grain sire: 8 Austenitieed at 126OC (2282F)
SOURCE: hi. Economopoulor, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammen de Transformation der Aciem Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherchee Metallurgiquer, Brussels, Belgum, 1967
160 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
IT
K A+ Area for austenite and carbidea F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F + K Area of nonlamellar eutectoidr
P Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
0 Hardness in HV 1oz 10% Cementite
zw Area for intermediate rtructure (bainite formation) 1;2 (refer8 to numbem on curvea)
M Area for martenaite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
FtA R&dual aurtenite
SOURCE: Atlas cur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
B 18 (AISI Tl High Speed Steel)
Composition: 0.81% C - 0.33% Mn - 0.15% Si - 0.024% P -
0.003% s - 3.77% Cr - 0.44% MO - 0.12% Ni - 1.07% V -
18.25% W Austeniticed at 1230C (2246F)
D
Composition: 0.87% C - 0.32% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.020% P -
0.005% S - 3.99% Cr - 0.80% MO - 0.11% Ni - 2.52% V -
11.91% W Aurtenitised at 121OC (2210OF)
AClb = 810C
ACle
= 860C
& = 160C
&lb = 825OC
Acle = 8QOC
M, = 205C
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 161
E 18 Co 5 (AISI T4 High Speed Steel)
Composition: 0.80% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.019% P -
0.005% S - 4.52% Co - 4.34% Cr - 0.78% MO - 0.30% Ni -
1.52% V - 17.89% W Austenitieed at 1250C (2282OF)
SOURCE: Atlas cur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleieen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 501
Tl Tool Steel
Composition: 0.72% C - 0.27% Mn - 039% Si - 4.09% Cr -
1.25% V - 18.59% W Auetenitired at 1285OC (2350OF)
SOURCE: P. Payson, J.L. Klein, The Hardening of Tool Steels, Transactions of the ASM, Vol 31, ASM, March 1943, pp
218-256
502 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
T2 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.85% C - 4.00% Cr - 0.75% MO - 2.10% V -
18.50% W Austenitised at 1285C (2350F)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, December 1947 as published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
502
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
T4 Tool Steels
Composition: 0.72% C - 0.23% Mn - 0.43% Si - 4.04% Cr -
4.72% Co - 1.24% V - 18.38% W Austenitieed at 1285C
(235OOF)
SOURCE: P. Payson, J.L. Klein, The Hardening of Tool Steels, Transactions of the ASM, Vol 31, ASM, March 1943, 218-256
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 503
T7 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.7S% C - 4.00% Cr - 2.00% V - 14.00% W
Austenitised at 1286C (2SSpF)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, February 1948 as published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
T8 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.80% C - 4.00% Cr - 0.76% MO - 6.00% Co -
2.00% V - 14.00% W Austenitised at 128SC (2SSOOF)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, September 1946 as published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
217
Z 130 WCV 12-04-04 Steel
Composition: 1.43% C - 0.17% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.045% S -
0.023% P - 0.15% Ni - 4.18% Cr - 0.87% MO - 4.360% V -
11.00% W Grain sire: 12 Austenitised at 125OOC (2282F) for 8
Acl = 845C MS = 155oc M50 = 90C
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 219
Z 150 WKVC 12-05-05-04 Steel
Composition: 1.46% C - 0.10% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.033% S -
0.031% P - 3.72% Cr - 0.47% MO - O.OQ% Cu - 4.100% V -
13.70% W - 5.00% Co Grain she: 10 Aurtenitired at 1250C
(2282OF) for 8 min
SOURCE: Courlxs de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature DiagramsT
219
Z 165 WKVC 12-10-05-04 Steel
Composition: 1.64% C - 0.21% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.005% S -
0.021% P - 4.50% Cr - 0.66% MO - 5.050% V - 11.64% W -
11.35% Co Grain she: 9-10 Austenitised at 124OC (2264F)
for 10 min
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 203
Z 60 WCV 18 Steel
Composition: 0.60% C - 0.22% Mn - 0.19% Si - 0.20% Ni -
4.65% Cr - 1.00% MO - 1.350% V - 17.80% W - 0.72% Co
Austenitised at 1200C (2192F) for 30 min
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
217
Z 80 WCDX 12-04-02-02 Steel
Composition: 0.82% C - 0.29% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.010% S -
0.032% P - 0.20% Ni - 4.10% Cr - 1.60% MO - 2.060% V -
12.10% W Grain siae: 9-10 Austenitked at 1275C (2330F) for
10 min
SOURCE: Courbee de Transformation des Aciera de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of lime-Temperature Diagrams 275
Z 80 WCV 18-04-01 Steel
Composition: 0.81% C - 0.17% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.019% S -
0.018% P - 0.08% Ni - 4.25% Cr - O.OQ% MO - 1.080% V -
17.60% W - 0.05% Co Austenitired at 127SC (2330F) for 3
SOURCE: Courber de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
218 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
Z 80 WKCV 18-05-04-01 Steel
Composition: 0.80% C - 0.53% Mn - 0.28% Si - 3.80% Cr -
1.050% V - 17.40% W - 4.62% Co Aueteniticed at 1280C
(2336F) for 10 min
SCURCE: Courbee de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
218 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
Z 80 WKCV 18-10-04-02 Steel
Composition: 0.80% C - 0.29% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.026% S -
0.018% P - 4.40% Cr - 0.37% MO - 1.600% V - 19.20% W -
9.30% Co Grain siee: Q-10 Austenitked at 1275C (233OOF) for
SCURCE: Courbee de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
217
Z 85 HCV 18-04-02 Steel
Composition: 0.79% C - 0.17% Mn - 0.18% Si - 0.026% S -
0.035% P - 0.08% Ni - 4.00% Cr - 0.20% MO - 2.110% V -
18.15% W - 0.17% Co Grain she: 11 Auatenitired at 1275OC
(2330F) for 10 min
SOURCE: Courbee de Transformation den Aciera de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
242 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
405 (T 15 Tool Steel)
Composition: 1.42% C - 0.43% Mn - 0.38% Si - 0.026% S -
0.005% P - 4.42% Cr - 0.70% MO - 4.55% V - 12.99% W -
4.97% Co Grain sire: 8 Austenitieed at 126OC (2282F)
SOURCE: hi. Economopoulor, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammen de Transformation der Aciem Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherchee Metallurgiquer, Brussels, Belgum, 1967
160 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
IT
K A+ Area for austenite and carbidea F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F + K Area of nonlamellar eutectoidr
P Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
0 Hardness in HV 1oz 10% Cementite
zw Area for intermediate rtructure (bainite formation) 1;2 (refer8 to numbem on curvea)
M Area for martenaite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
FtA R&dual aurtenite
SOURCE: Atlas cur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
B 18 (AISI Tl High Speed Steel)
Composition: 0.81% C - 0.33% Mn - 0.15% Si - 0.024% P -
0.003% s - 3.77% Cr - 0.44% MO - 0.12% Ni - 1.07% V -
18.25% W Austeniticed at 1230C (2246F)
D
Composition: 0.87% C - 0.32% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.020% P -
0.005% S - 3.99% Cr - 0.80% MO - 0.11% Ni - 2.52% V -
11.91% W Aurtenitised at 121OC (2210OF)
AClb = 810C
ACle
= 860C
& = 160C
&lb = 825OC
Acle = 8QOC
M, = 205C
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 161
E 18 Co 5 (AISI T4 High Speed Steel)
Composition: 0.80% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.019% P -
0.005% S - 4.52% Co - 4.34% Cr - 0.78% MO - 0.30% Ni -
1.52% V - 17.89% W Austenitieed at 1250C (2282OF)
SOURCE: Atlas cur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleieen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 501
Tl Tool Steel
Composition: 0.72% C - 0.27% Mn - 039% Si - 4.09% Cr -
1.25% V - 18.59% W Auetenitired at 1285OC (2350OF)
SOURCE: P. Payson, J.L. Klein, The Hardening of Tool Steels, Transactions of the ASM, Vol 31, ASM, March 1943, pp
218-256
502 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
T2 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.85% C - 4.00% Cr - 0.75% MO - 2.10% V -
18.50% W Austenitised at 1285C (2350F)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, December 1947 as published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
502
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
T4 Tool Steels
Composition: 0.72% C - 0.23% Mn - 0.43% Si - 4.04% Cr -
4.72% Co - 1.24% V - 18.38% W Austenitieed at 1285C
(235OOF)
SOURCE: P. Payson, J.L. Klein, The Hardening of Tool Steels, Transactions of the ASM, Vol 31, ASM, March 1943, 218-256
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 503
T7 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.7S% C - 4.00% Cr - 2.00% V - 14.00% W
Austenitised at 1286C (2SSpF)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, February 1948 as published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
T8 Tool Steel
Composition: 0.80% C - 4.00% Cr - 0.76% MO - 6.00% Co -
2.00% V - 14.00% W Austenitised at 128SC (2SSOOF)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, September 1946 as published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
217
Z 130 WCV 12-04-04 Steel
Composition: 1.43% C - 0.17% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.045% S -
0.023% P - 0.15% Ni - 4.18% Cr - 0.87% MO - 4.360% V -
11.00% W Grain sire: 12 Austenitised at 125OOC (2282F) for 8
Acl = 845C MS = 155oc M50 = 90C
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 219
Z 150 WKVC 12-05-05-04 Steel
Composition: 1.46% C - 0.10% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.033% S -
0.031% P - 3.72% Cr - 0.47% MO - O.OQ% Cu - 4.100% V -
13.70% W - 5.00% Co Grain she: 10 Aurtenitired at 1250C
(2282OF) for 8 min
SOURCE: Courlxs de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature DiagramsT
219
Z 165 WKVC 12-10-05-04 Steel
Composition: 1.64% C - 0.21% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.005% S -
0.021% P - 4.50% Cr - 0.66% MO - 5.050% V - 11.64% W -
11.35% Co Grain she: 9-10 Austenitised at 124OC (2264F)
for 10 min
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 203
Z 60 WCV 18 Steel
Composition: 0.60% C - 0.22% Mn - 0.19% Si - 0.20% Ni -
4.65% Cr - 1.00% MO - 1.350% V - 17.80% W - 0.72% Co
Austenitised at 1200C (2192F) for 30 min
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
217
Z 80 WCDX 12-04-02-02 Steel
Composition: 0.82% C - 0.29% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.010% S -
0.032% P - 0.20% Ni - 4.10% Cr - 1.60% MO - 2.060% V -
12.10% W Grain siae: 9-10 Austenitked at 1275C (2330F) for
10 min
SOURCE: Courbee de Transformation des Aciera de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of lime-Temperature Diagrams 275
Z 80 WCV 18-04-01 Steel
Composition: 0.81% C - 0.17% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.019% S -
0.018% P - 0.08% Ni - 4.25% Cr - O.OQ% MO - 1.080% V -
17.60% W - 0.05% Co Austenitired at 127SC (2330F) for 3
SOURCE: Courber de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
218 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
Z 80 WKCV 18-05-04-01 Steel
Composition: 0.80% C - 0.53% Mn - 0.28% Si - 3.80% Cr -
1.050% V - 17.40% W - 4.62% Co Aueteniticed at 1280C
(2336F) for 10 min
SCURCE: Courbee de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
218 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
Z 80 WKCV 18-10-04-02 Steel
Composition: 0.80% C - 0.29% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.026% S -
0.018% P - 4.40% Cr - 0.37% MO - 1.600% V - 19.20% W -
9.30% Co Grain siee: Q-10 Austenitked at 1275C (233OOF) for
SCURCE: Courbee de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
217
Z 85 HCV 18-04-02 Steel
Composition: 0.79% C - 0.17% Mn - 0.18% Si - 0.026% S -
0.035% P - 0.08% Ni - 4.00% Cr - 0.20% MO - 2.110% V -
18.15% W - 0.17% Co Grain she: 11 Auatenitired at 1275OC
(2330F) for 10 min
SOURCE: Courbee de Transformation den Aciera de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
797
100 WC 40 Steel
Composition: 0.98% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.003% S - Composition: 0.98% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.003% S -
0.015% P - 0.17% Ni - 0.63% Cr - 0.28% MO - 0.11% Cu - 0.01596 P - 0.17% Ni - 0.63% Cr - 0.28% MO - 0.11% Cu -
0.280% V - 3.66% W Grain he: 10 Aurtenitired at 8SOC 0.280% V - 3.66% W Grain sire: 10 Aurtenitised at 85OC
(1562F) for 30 min (1562OF) for 30 min
SOURCE: Courbea de Transformation dea Aciem de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
230 Atlas of lime-Temperature Diagrams
280
Composition: 0.55% C - 0.58% Mn - 0.43% Si - 0.021% S -
0.013% P - 0.20% Ni - 0.79% Cr - 0.42% MO - 0.19% Cu -
0.025% Al Grain size: lo-11 Austenitized at 870C (1598oF) for
20 min
SOURCE: M. Economopouloz, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammez de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
234 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
297
Composition: 0.70% C - 1.91% Mn - 0.35% Si - O.OOQ% S -
0.009% P - 0.98% Cr - 1.40% MO Grain nice: 11-12 Austenitieed
at 850C (1562OF) for 30 min
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams 275
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
40 WCDS 35-12 Steel
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.010% S -
0.032% P - 0.12% Ni - 2.85% Cr - 0.16% MO - 0.14% Cu -
0.260% V - 3.39% W Grain sire: Q-11 Aurtenitired at 1000C
(1832OF) for 30 min
240
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
452
Composition: 1.16% C - 030% Mn - 0.67% Si - 0.009% S -
0.006% P - 0.71% Ni - 1.79% Cr - 0.27% MO - 1.30% W Grain
rice: 10 Austenitired at 880C (1616OF) for 15 min
SOURCE: M. Economopouloe, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammen de Tranrformation der Aciem Fabriquee dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherchee Metallurgiquer, Brussels, Belgum, 1967
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
235
454
Composition: 0.07% C - l.OQ% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.016% S -
0.027% P - 0.75% Ni - 1.70% Cr - 0.36% MO - 0.04% Cu Grain
rice: 16 Austeniticed at 935C (1715OF) for 20 min
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
235
458 458
Composition: 1.485% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.46% Si - 0.028% S - Composition: 1.485% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.46% Si - 0.028% S -
0.028% P - 0.40% Ni - 1.24% Cr - 0.56% MO Grain sise: 10 0.028% P - 0.40% Ni - 1.24% Cr - 0.56% MO Grain sise: 10
Austeniticed at 830C (1626OF) for 1 h Austeniticed at 830C (1626OF) for 1 h
SOURCE: hf. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
230 Atlas of lime-Temperature Diagrams
503
Composition: 0.625% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.015% S -
0.015% P-1.60% Cr - 0.30% MO Austeniticed at 850C
(1562OF)for i h
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
530 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
Duracut Chipper Knife Steel
Composition: 0.51% C - 034% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.32% Ni - 4.8%
Cr - 1.99% MO Grain nice: 9.5 Auetenitked at 10IOC (1850OF)
SOURCE: Bethlehem Steel Corporation
514
A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
F2 Tool Steel
Composition: 1.32% C - 0.28% Mn - 0.50% Si - 0.22% Cr -
3.61% W Austeniticed at 845C ( 1550F)
SOURCE: P. Payron, J.L. Klein, The Hardening of Tool Steels, Transactions of the ASM, Vol 31, ASM, March 1943, 218-256
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
209
140 C 10 Steel
Composition: 1.43% C - 0.22% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.013% S -
0.020% P - 0.11% Ni - 2.55% Cr - 0.08% MO - 0.05% Cu -
0.015% V Grain sise: 3-4 Austenitired at LOQOC (lQQ4F) for 1
h
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
720
A t/us of Time-Temperature Diagrams
~~ee90, W 1 1.03% C - 0.22% Mn (AISI WI Tool
Composition: 1.03% C - 0.22% Mn - 0.17% Si - 0.014% P -
0.012% S - 0.07% Cr - 0.14% Cu - 0.01% MO - 0.10% Ni - trace
V Austenitised at 780C (1436F) IT; Austenitired at 7QOC
(1454OF) CCT
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, lQ54
76 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
Type: Wl Tool Steel
Composition: Fe - 1.13% C - 0.30% Mn Grain sire: 7-8
Aurtenitised at QlOOC (167OOF)
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 an published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
515
Wl Tool Steel
Compoclition: 0.95% C - 0.25% Mn - 0.20% Si Grain sire: 8-3/4
or finer Austenitised at 79OC ( 1460F)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, December 1947 aa published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
WI Tool Steel
Composition: 1.14% C - 0.22% Mn - 0.16% Si Austeniticed at
79OC (1450F)
SOURCE: P. Payson, J.L. Klein, The Hardening of Tool Steels, Transactions of the ASM, Vol 31, ASM, March 1943, 218-256
516 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
W2 Tool Steel
Composition: O.QS% C - 0.20% V Grain rice: Q-1/2 Austenitked
at 7QSC (14SOF)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, December 1947 an published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
516 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams
W4 Tool Steel
Composition: l.OS-1.16% C - 030% Mn - 0.50% Si - 0.25% Cr
Grain nice: 8-3/4 or finer Aurtenitired at 79SC (1450F)
SOURCE: Data Sheet, Crucible Steel Co. of America, December 1947 an published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and
Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977
204 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
Y1 120 Steel
Composition: 1.29% C - 0.20% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.005% S -
0.015% P - 0.09% Ni - 0.04% Cr - 0.01% MO - 0.08% Cu
Austenitized at 825OC (1520OF) for SO min
Y1 120 Steel
Composition: 1.29% C - 0.20% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.005% S -
0.015% P - 0.09% Ni - 0.04% Cr - 0.01% MO - 0.08% Cu Grain
sire: >l Austenitized at 12OOOC (21920F) for 30 min
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation der Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
204
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
Yl 90 Steel
Composition: 0.93% C - 0.31% Mn - 0.11% Si - 0.010% S -
0.012% P - 0.20% Ni - 0.12% Cr - ~0.10% MO - 0.62% Cu -
0.03% V Grain rice: 12 Austenitised at 8OOC (1472OF) for 15
min
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation der Aciem de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Park, France, 1974