Installation and Operation Manual

PG Governor
Basic Elements

Manual 36600G
 WARNING
Read this entire manual and all other publications pertaining to the work to be
performed before installing, operating, or servicing this equipment. Practice all
plant and safety instructions and precautions. Failure to follow instructions can
cause personal injury and/or property damage.

The engine, turbine, or other type of prime mover should be equipped with an
overspeed shutdown device to protect against runaway or damage to the prime
mover with possible personal injury, loss of life, or property damage.

The overspeed shutdown device must be totally independent of the prime mover
control system. An overtemperature or overpressure shutdown device may also be
needed for safety, as appropriate.

CAUTION
To prevent damage to a control system that uses an alternator or battery-charging
device, make sure the charging device is turned off before disconnecting the
battery from the system.

Electronic controls contain static-sensitive parts. Observe the following

precautions to prevent damage to these parts.
• Discharge body static before handling the control (with power to the control
turned off, contact a grounded surface and maintain contact while handling the
control).
• Avoid all plastic, vinyl, and Styrofoam (except antistatic versions) around
printed circuit boards.
• Do not touch the components or conductors on a printed circuit board with
your hands or with conductive devices.

IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS
WARNING—indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could
result in death or serious injury.

CAUTION—indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could

result in damage to equipment.

NOTE—provides other helpful information that does not fall under the warning or
caution categories.

Woodward Governor Company reserves the right to update any portion of this publication at any time. Information
provided by Woodward Governor Company is believed to be correct and reliable. However, no responsibility is
assumed by Woodward Governor Company unless otherwise expressly undertaken.
© Woodward 1964
All Rights Reserved
Manual 36600 PG Governor Basic Elements

Contents

CHAPTER 1. PG GOVERNOR BASIC ELEMENTS ............................................ 1

Introduction.............................................................................................................1
Governor Oil Pump.................................................................................................3
Flyweight Head–Pilot Valve Assembly ...................................................................3
Spring-Loaded Power Cylinder Assembly..............................................................4
Compensating System ...........................................................................................4
Speed Setting Adjustment......................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2. INSTALLATION.......................................................................... 8
General ...................................................................................................................8
Linkage Adjustment ................................................................................................8
CHAPTER 3. MAINTENANCE ....................................................................... 10
General .................................................................................................................10
Governor Oil .........................................................................................................10
Inspection and Test ..............................................................................................10
Removal of Governor from Engine.......................................................................11
Disassembly Procedures......................................................................................11
Inspection after Disassembly ...............................................................................15
Assembly Procedures ..........................................................................................16
CHAPTER 4. REPLACEMENT PARTS ........................................................... 19
CHAPTER 5. SERVICE OPTIONS ................................................................. 23
Product Service Options.......................................................................................23
Returning Equipment for Repair...........................................................................24
Replacement Parts ...............................................................................................25
How to Contact Woodward...................................................................................25
Engineering Services ...........................................................................................26
Technical Assistance............................................................................................27

Illustrations and Tables

Figure 1-1. PG Basic Elements ..............................................................................2

Figure 1-2. PG Schematic ......................................................................................2
Figure 2-1. Adjustment Locations...........................................................................9
Figure 4-1. Exploded View ...................................................................................20
Figure 4-2. Exploded View, Alternate Power Cylinder and Base Assemblies .....22

Woodward i
PG Governor Basic Elements Manual 36600

ii Woodward
Manual 36600 PG Governor Basic Elements

Chapter 1.
PG Governor Basic Elements

Introduction
This manual is one of several covering various components of the type PG
governor, and can be combined with other “sectional” manuals to describe fully a
particular PG governor model.

Woodward PG governors control the speed of diesel, gas, and dual fuel engines
and steam turbines used in a variety of fields. They find service on engines and
turbines driving pumps, compressors, alternators, variable speed dc generators,
marine propulsion units, and papermaking machines.

In addition to the primary function of controlling engine or turbine speed, the

governor is often required to perform such auxiliary functions as limiting engine
load, varying engine load to maintain a constant engine power output for a given
speed setting, shutting the engine down in the event of lubricating oil pressure
failure, etc. Each governor is designed to meet the needs of the engine and the
operating requirements of the installation in which it is used.

All PG governors have similar basic elements regardless of how simple or

complex the complete control may be. The following elements, found in each PG
governor, are sufficient to enable the governor to maintain a constant engine
speed as long as the load does nor exceed engine capacity:
• an oil pump, storage area for oil under pressure, and a relief valve by which
maximum oil pressure may be limited;
• a centrifugal flyweight head-pilot valve assembly which controls flow of oil to
and from the governor power cylinder assembly;
• a power cylinder assembly—sometimes referred to as a servomotor—which
repositions the fuel racks, fuel valve, or steam valve of the engine or turbine;
• a compensating system which gives stability to the governed system;
• a means of adjusting the governor (and thus, engine) speed setting.

Either of two kinds of power cylinder assemblies can be used: a spring-loaded

assembly or a differential assembly.

This manual describes the operation of the basic elements of a PG governor

having a spring-loaded power cylinder assembly. Manual 36602 describes the
arrangement having a differential power cylinder assembly.

Figure 1-2 shows the schematic arrangement of these elements in the relative
positions they assume when the engine is operating on-speed under steady-
state conditions. While differences exist in the actual design details of these
elements from one governor to another, the scheme of operation is the same in
each.

Woodward 1
PG Governor Basic Elements Manual 36600

Figure 1-1. PG Basic Elements

Figure 1-2. PG Schematic

2 Woodward
Manual 36600 PG Governor Basic Elements

Governor Oil Pump

Each PG governor contains its own oil sump and oil pump. The governor drive
shaft, driven at a speed proportional to engine speed by a mechanical
connection to the engine, rotates the pump drive gear and the governor pilot
valve bushing. As the rotating drive gear turns the idler gear, oil is drawn from
the oil sump and is carried in the space between the gear teeth and the walls of
the gear pocket to the discharge side of the pump. The oil is forced from the
space between the gear teeth as the drive and idler gears mesh.

Assume that all control valves of the governor are closed. Oil deposited on the
discharge side of the pump first fills the various oil passages, and then forces the
accumulator pistons up against the downward force of the accumulator springs.
When the piston uncovers the bypass hole, the excess oil from the governor
pump returns to sump. The accumulators thus not only provide a reservoir for
pressure oil but also act as a relief valve to limit maximum pressure in the
hydraulic circuit.

The arrangement of the four check valves on the suction and discharge sides of
the oil pump permits the governor drive shaft to be rotated in either direction
without any changes being made in or to the governor. The direction of pump
rotation does not affect the oil pressure system or governor operation. Were the
pump gears rotated in the directions opposite those shown in Figure 1-2, the
open check valves would be closed and the closed check valves opened.

(Some governor models are built without check valves. In these units, two plugs
replace the two closed check valves so that the governor must be rotated in one
direction only.)

Flyweight Head–Pilot Valve Assembly

The pilot valve plunger moves up and down in the rotating pilot valve bushing to
control the flow of oil to or from the power cylinder assembly. When the pilot
valve plunger is centered (the control land of the plunger exactly covers the
control port of the bushing), no oil flows to or from the power cylinder assembly.

The greater of two forces moves the pilot valve plunger up or down. The
centrifugal force developed by the rotating flyweights is translated into an upward
force which tends to lift the plunger. The centrifugal force is opposed by the
downward force of the speeder spring. When the opposing forces are equal, the
pilot valve plunger is stationary.

With the pilot valve plunger centered and the engine running on-speed, a change
in either of the two forces will move the plunger from its centered position. The
plunger will be lowered (1) if the governor speed setting is unchanged but an
additional load slows the engine and governor (thereby decreasing the
centrifugal force developed by rotating flyweights) or (2) if the engine speed is
unchanged but the speeder spring force is increased to raise the governor speed
setting. Similarly, the pilot valve plunger will be raised (1) if the governor speed
setting is unchanged but load is removed from the engine causing an increase in
engine and governor speed (and hence, an increase in the centrifugal force
developed by the rotating flyweights), or (2) if the engine speed is unchanged but
the speeder spring force is reduced to lower the governor speed setting.

The thrust bearing atop the ballarm toes permits the pilot valve bushing to rotate
while the pilot valve plunger does nor rotate. In this way, static friction between
the bushing and plunger is minimized.

Woodward 3
PG Governor Basic Elements Manual 36600
There are several styles of flyweight head assemblies available. The exact model
used in any one governor depends on the application.

A “solid” head assembly is used in governors on prime movers which afford a

smooth drive to the governor.

“Spring driven” and “spring driven, oil damped” head assemblies are used to filter
torsional vibrations which may be imparted to the governor by the drive from the
engine. (These torsional vibrations may originate from a source other than the
drive itself but reach the governor through the drive connection.) Unless
minimized or eliminated, the flyweight head will sense these torsional vibrations
as speed changes and continually adjust the fuel valve or racks in an attempt to
maintain a constant speed.

Spring-Loaded Power Cylinder Assembly

The governor pilot valve plunger controls the movement of the power piston in
the power cylinder assembly. The power piston, acting through the connecting
linkage, controls the engine or turbine fuel.

The power spring continually urges the power piston down in the “decrease fuel”
direction. However, the power piston will not move down unless the pilot valve
plunger is raised above its centered position. Only when the pilot valve plunger is
above center can the oil trapped in the circuit between the plunger and power
piston escape to sump. If the pilot valve plunger is lowered, pressure oil from the
governor pump will be directed to the power piston and will push the piston up—
against the force of the power spring—in the direction to increase fuel.

Note that the power piston will move only when the pilot valve plunger is
uncentered to permit the oil flow required. With the plunger centered, the power
piston is, in effect, hydraulically locked.

The output of the power cylinder assembly is normally a push-pull motion.

Appropriate linkage within the power cylinder assembly can change the output to
rotary motion. The power piston movement is the same in either case.

It should also be recognized that positioning the power cylinder assembly at an

angle other than that shown in Figure 1-1 would have no effect on the assembly
operation.

Compensating System
Stability of the governed system is achieved by the use of a temporary negative
feedback signal which biases the speed signal to the pilot valve plunger. This
temporary feedback signal is in the form of a pressure differential applied across
the compensating land of the pilot valve plunger. The pressure differential is
derived from the “buffer compensating system”, and is dissipated as engine
speed returns to the normal or set speed.

4 Woodward
Manual 36600 PG Governor Basic Elements
The buffer piston, buffer springs, and needle valve in the hydraulic circuit
between the control land of the pilot valve plunger and the power piston comprise
the “buffer compensating system” of the governor. Lowering the pilot valve
plunger permits a flow of pressure oil into the buffer cylinder and power cylinder
to move the power piston up to increase fuel. Raising the pilot valve plunger
permits oil to flow from the buffer cylinder and power cylinder to the governor
sump, and the power piston spring moves the power piston down to decrease
fuel.

This flow of oil in the buffer system—in either direction—carries the buffer piston
in the direction of flow, compressing one of the buffer springs and releasing the
other. The buffer piston movement, increasing the loading on one buffer spring
while decreasing the loading on the other, creates a slight difference in the oil
pressures on the two sides of the buffer piston. The higher oil pressure is on the
side of the piston opposite the spring being compressed. The difference in oil
pressure is proportional to the buffer piston displacement, and is dependent on
the rate of the buffer springs selected for the particular installation.

The oil pressure on one side of the buffer piston is transmitted to the lower side
of the compensation land on the pilot valve plunger, the pressure on the other
side of the piston is transmitted to the upper side of the compensation land. The
difference in oil pressures produces a net force (often termed a “compensating
force”)—upward or downward, as the case may be—which assists the flyweights
or speeder spring in re-centering the pilot valve plunger whenever a fuel
correction is made.

Operation of the buffer system can be seen by following the sequence of

operations when the engine speed slows down because of the addition of a
relatively small load.

The decrease in centrifugal force developed by the rotating flyweights permits

the speeder spring to push the flyweights in, lowering the pilot valve plunger and
opening the control port.

As the buffer piston moves in the direction of the oil flow—from pilot valve to
power cylinder—the right-hand buffer spring is compressed and the left-hand
spring is relieved. The oil displaced by the buffer piston as is moves to the right
forces the power piston up, thereby increasing fuel to the engine, and the engine
begins to accelerate. The buffer piston moves to the right, moving the power
piston up, until the upward force created by the pressure differential across the
buffer piston and compensating land is sufficient, when added to the centrifugal
force from the rotating flyweights, to re-center the pilot valve plunger. As soon as
the pilot valve plunger is re-centered, the power piston movement stops. When
the governor is properly adjusted, this new piston position corresponds to the fuel
increase needed to operate the engine at a set speed with the new load even
though the engine has nor yet returned to the see speed.

Woodward 5
PG Governor Basic Elements Manual 36600
As the engine continues to accelerate to the set speed, the centrifugal force
developed by the rotating flyweights increases. To offset this increase in
centrifugal force, it is necessary to reduce the net upward force resulting from the
pressure differential across the compensation land as the centrifugal force
increases. (Otherwise, the pilot valve plunger would be lifted above center and
the power piston would move down to decrease fuel.) This is accomplished by
equalizing the pressures on both sides of the compensation land as a rate
proportional to the rate at which the engine speed returns to normal. As the
pressure differential is decreased, the net compensating force is decreased. If
the decrease in compensating force can be made as the same rate as the
centrifugal force is increased, the pilot valve plunger will remain centered and the
power piston will remain stationary. As the pressure differential is being
dissipated, the buffer spring compressed returns the buffer piston to its normal,
central position. When the pressure differential has been reduced to zero, the
compensating force will be reduced to zero. At this time the engine should be
back to its set speed, developing the centrifugal force necessary from the
flyweights to keep the pilot valve plunger centered.

The rate at which the pressure differential is reduced to zero depends on the
needle valve setting. The needle valve setting allows each governor to be
“matched” to the engine on which it is used. The final setting of the needle valve
cannot be made until the governor is installed on its engine.

When a relatively small load is removed from the engine while it is running on-
speed under steady-state conditions, the sequence of events is similar but in the
opposite directions.

The engine speed increases. The rotating flyweights develop additional

centrifugal force and lift the pilot valve plunger. The oil between the buffer piston
and the pilot valve plunger is connected to sump. The power spring pushes the
power piston down, forcing the buffer piston towards the pilot valve plunger. A
pressure differential again exists between the oil lines to the upper and lower
sides of the compensating land of the pilot valve plunger.

The greater pressure is now on the upper side of the compensating land, tending
to push the pilot valve plunger back down to its centered position.

When the compensating force becomes sufficient to offset the increase in

centrifugal force, the pilot valve plunger is returned to its centered position even
though the engine speed is still greater than the set speed. As before, the
compensating force is again dissipated at a rate proportional to the rate at which
the engine returns to normal speed so that the pilot valve plunger remains
centered.

The sequence of movements within the governor occur almost simultaneously

rather than in the step-by-step manner described.

Bypass passages are provided in the buffer cylinder to facilitate large corrective
movements of the power piston. A large increase or decrease in speed setting,
or a large increase or decrease in load on the engine, requires a correspondingly
large movement of the power piston to make the necessary fuel correction. At
such times, the buffer piston moves far enough to uncover the bypass port (to
pressure or drain, depending on the correction being made).

The difference in oil pressures on the opposite sides of the buffer piston and the
compensation land cannot exceed the difference which exists when the buffer
piston uncovers the bypass port. With the bypass port uncovered, oil flows
directly to or from the lower cylinder without further increasing the pressure
differential existing on the compensation land.

6 Woodward
Manual 36600 PG Governor Basic Elements
The bypass ports permit the power piston to move quickly in response to large
changes in load or speed setting. Since the pressure differential across the
compensating land of the pilot valve plunger does nor continue to increase, the
speed more than returns to normal (or to the new setting). This overshoot in
speed is not large, and is tolerated in order to obtain the desired fast response.
As soon as the speed changes beyond the desired point, normal governor action
reverses the power piston movement, and stable operation is quickly
established.

Surrounding the power piston and its piston rod are grooves connected to the
intermediate oil pressure between the pilot valve and the buffer piston. These
seal grooves—not shown in the schematic—have nothing to do with operation of
the governor, but are used to ensure that any leakage of pressure oil from the
power cylinder to the sump comes from a part of the hydraulic circuit where it will
do no harm.

“Remote” power cylinder assemblies (assemblies which are located away from
the governor power case) have three tubes connecting the power cylinder to the
power case. These tubes carry (1) oil to and from the buffer, (2) drain oil from the
power cylinder, and (3) oil to the power cylinder seal grooves. To eliminate the
possibility of trapping air in the oil, the cylinder must be mounted below the
governor oil level, and the connecting tubes must slope upward to the governor.

Speed Setting Adjustment

A number of speed setting arrangements are available for the PG governor. The
exact method used depends upon the operating scheme of the installation in
which it is used.

It is enough to observe at this point that no matter how simple or complex the
means employed may be, the ultimate objective is to increase or decrease the
compression of the speeder spring. An increase in the speeder spring
compression requires that the engine run faster so that the rotating flyweights will
develop the additional centrifugal force needed to re-center the pilot valve
plunger. Conversely, a decrease in spring compression requires a slower engine
speed.

The various speed setting arrangements are described in separate manuals.

The recommended speed range for the PG governor is 250 rpm to 1000 rpm with
a maximum speed range of 200 rpm to 1600 rpm.

Woodward 7
PG Governor Basic Elements Manual 36600

Chapter 2.
Installation

General
At all times, use care in handling the governor; be particularly careful to avoid
striking the drive shaft. Do not drop or rest the governor on its drive shaft. Such
treatment could damage the governor drive components.

A gasket should be used between the mounting pad and the governor base
when the governor is installed on the engine or turbine. The governor should be
mounted squarely and the drive connection properly aligned. If the governor is
equipped with a serrated or splined drive shaft, it should slip freely into the
internal serrations or splines of the drive. If a keyed type governor drive shaft is
used, the gear must slip on the shaft freely and should be checked to ensure that
it meshes properly with its mating gear. The gears should run freely without
binding or excessive backlash. Irregularities caused by uneven gear teeth, shaft
runout, etc., will result in erratic governing.

Linkage Adjustment
The linkage from the governor to the fuel or steam control must be properly
aligned. Any friction or lost motion must be eliminated. Adjustments of fuel
linkage must provide for control of fuel from “OFF” to “FULL FUEL” within the
limits of the stroke of the governor output connection. For specific information on
fuel linkage installation, refer to the engine instruction manual.

When the governor has been properly mounted and the linkage connections
completed, make the other connections (pneumatic, electrical, etc.) to the
governor.

Oil Specifications
Information on oils for use in hydraulic governors is available in manual 25071.
The recommended continuous operating temperature is 140 to 200 °F (60 to 93
°C). The ambient temperature limits are –20 to +210 °F (–29 to +99 °C). Contact
Woodward if the temperature is beyond these limits. Hydraulic fluid pour point
must be below the lowest expected starting temperature. Use SAE 20 or 30 oil
for ordinary temperature conditions. If governor operating temperatures are
extremely hot, use SAE 40 to 50; if extremely cold, use SAE 10. In moat cases
the same oil that is used in the engine or turbine may be used in the governor.

Adjustments
Normally, the only requirements for putting a new or overhauled governor into
service are filling the governor with oil and adjusting the compensation needle
valve to obtain maximum stability. All other operating adjustments are made
during factory testing according to engine manufacturer’s specifications and
should not require further adjustment. Do not attempt internal adjustment of the
governor unless thoroughly familiar with the proper procedures.

8 Woodward
Manual 36600 PG Governor Basic Elements

Compensation Needle Valve Adjustment

The compensation needle valve is an adjustable part of the compensation
system. Its setting, which directly affects governor stability, depends on the
individual characteristics of the prime mover:

1. With the prime mover operating at IDLE, open the compensation needle
valve several turns to cause the engine to hunt. In some cases. opening of
the needle valve alone may not cause the engine to hunt, but manually
disturbing the governor speed setting will. Allow several minutes of hunting
to remove trapped air In the hydraulic circuits.

2. Close the compensation needle valve gradually until hunting is just

eliminated. Keep the needle valve open as far as possible to prevent
sluggishness in the governor response, The needle valve setting varies from
1/16 to 2 turns open. Never close it tight, the governor cannot operate
satisfactorily when this condition exists.

3. Check the governor stability by manually disturbing the governor speed

setting. The compensation adjustment is satisfactory when the governor
returns to speed with only a slight over- or undershoot. Once the needle
valve adjustment is correct, it is not necessary to change the setting except
for large, permanent changes in temperature which affect governor oil
viscosity.

WARNING
The engine, turbine, or other type of prime mover should be equipped with
an overspeed shutdown device to protect against runaway or damage to the
prime mover with possible personal injury, loss of life, or property damage.

The overspeed shutdown device must be totally independent of the prime

mover control system. An overtemperature or overpressure shutdown
device may also be needed for safety, as appropriate.

Figure 2-1. Adjustment Locations

Woodward 9
PG Governor Basic Elements Manual 36600

Chapter 3.
Maintenance

General
A governor should operate for several years before needing replacement if it is
kept clean, and if the drive from the turbine or engine is smooth and free from
torsional oscillations. Except for isolated cases, so rare they can be almost
disregarded, governors do not fail or break down suddenly. Instead, they wear
gradually, and give an external indication of their condition in the form of slight
hunting, sluggish operation, etc. Further deterioration is at a slow enough rate so
that an exchange governor may be ordered for installation at the next scheduled
shutdown. Because there is so little chance of failure, we do not recommend
keeping a complete stock of spare parts on hand. However, plants at which an
unplanned shutdown would be very costly often keep a complete spare governor
on hand.

It is advisable that the best mechanic available, preferably one experienced with
small parts assembly, be permanently assigned to all governor repair work.
Cleanliness of tools and work space is essential. A work bench, vise, arbor
press, speed lathe, air supply, and containers for cleaning solvents should be
provided, if possible. The usual small hand tools are required, and a few special
Woodward tools may be desirable if sub-assemblies are to be disassembled.

Governor Oil
Contaminants and foreign matter in the governor oil are the greatest single
source or cause of governor troubles. Use only new or filtered oil. Be sure that all
containers used for the governor oil are clean. The time interval between
governor oil changes depends on many factors: type of service, operating
temperature, quality of oil, etc. Begin an oil maintenance program by inspecting
the oil after three months’ service. If inspection shows the oil to be satisfactory,
gradually lengthen the time between inspections. Anytime the governor oil
appears to be dirty or breaking down from contaminants or excessive
temperatures, drain the governor while it is hot, flush with the lightest grade of
the same oil, and refill with fresh oil. In any event, it is recommended that the oil
be changed at least once every eighteen months.

Inspection and Test

Manual 36404 lists the most frequent indications of governor malfunctioning, and
suggests possible causes and the corrective actions needed. A brief summary of
these suggestions follows.

Governor faults are usually revealed in speed variations of the engine, but it does
not necessarily follow that all such speed variations indicate governor faults.
Therefore, when improper speed variations appear, make these checks:
1. Check the load to be sure that the speed changes observed are not the
result of load changes.
2. Check the engine operation to be sure that all cylinders are firing properly,
and that the injectors are in good operating condition.
3. See that the operating linkage between the governor and engine is free from
binding or lost motion.

10 Woodward
Manual 36600 PG Governor Basic Elements
4. Check the setting of the compensating needle valve. It is impossible for the
governor to function correctly if the needle valve is closed tight.

If neither load nor engine irregularities are found to be the cause of the speed
variation, and adjustments of the needle valve are unable to correct the
malfunctioning, the cause may be either in the governor or the drive to the
governor.

If the speed variations are erratic but small in magnitude, the fault may lie in the
drive to the governor. Excessive backlash or a tight meshing of the gears driving
the governor may be the cause. No amount of adjustment or other work on the
governor can correct this condition.

If the speed variations of the governor are large and erratic, and unaffected
(except perhaps in magnitude) by changes of adjustment, or if the governor fails
to control at all, it should be repaired or replaced.

As a last resort, to prove whether the engine or governor is at fault, another

governor, known to be in good condition, should be installed on the engine.
When this is done, the test governor must be of the exact same model as the
one being removed.

Removal of Governor from Engine

In cases of major repairs or a complete governor change, the unit may be
removed from the engine as follows:

1. Remove the oil drain plug. Drain oil from the governor and replace the drain
plug. NOTE: The governor may be equipped with a drain cock for draining.

2. Disconnect linkage from the governor. If levers are removed from serrated
shafts, mark their radial positions on the shafts so that they can be
reinstalled in the same positions.

3. Disconnect, at the governor, other connections (electrical, pneumatic,

hydraulic, etc.) to the governor.

4. Remove the four stud nuts holding the governor assembly to the governor
mounting pad and lift the governor off the studs and away from the engine.
Remove the gasket between the governor and governor mounting pad.

CAUTION
At all times use care in handling and setting the governor down. Be
particularly careful to avoid striking the end of the drive shaft a sharp blow.
Such treatment can damage the governor components.

Disassembly Procedures
An outline of the order of disassembly of the basic components follows. Hints for
the disassembly of subassemblies are given where necessary. (The numbers in
parentheses refer to the parts shown in Figure 4-1.)

1. Remove speeder spring (62).

Woodward 11
PG Governor Basic Elements Manual 36600
2. Lift out the flyweight head-pilot valve bushing assembly. (items 63 through
101). After detaching the flyweight head (item 93), take out snap ring (81) to
permit removal of items (82) and (85).

3. Remove snap ring (60) and items (55) through (59).

4. Remove four screws (8) and lockwashers (9) to detach the power cylinder
assembly (items 5 through 22).
a. To remove spring guard (20), position the power cylinder assembly in
an arbor press as shown in Figure 3-1. Use the arbor press to hold the
spring guard down against the force of power spring (17) while
removing screws (22) and washers (21).

Figure 3-1

12 Woodward
Manual 36600 PG Governor Basic Elements
b. Use a rod end puller tool (Woodward tool 012281) to remove fuel rod
end (5). See Figure 3-2 for use of the puller.
c. Grip power cylinder (10) in a vise to remove oil seals as shown in
Figure 3-3.

Figure 3-2
Figure 3-3

5. Remove screws (53) and retainer (52). Take out drive shaft (51) and items
(46) through (50). Remove drive shaft oil seal (47) as shown in Figure 3-4.

Figure 3-4

Woodward 13
PG Governor Basic Elements Manual 36600
6. Remove screws (45) and washers(44). Lift off base (43) taking care that
idler gear (40) and drive gear (38) do not fall out. Remove the idler gear and
drive gear.

7. Set the power case (28), bottom end (end with idler stud 39) down, in an
arbor press or small drill press. With a rod against spring seat (24),
compress accumulator springs (25) and (26) to permit removal of upper
snap ring (23). See Figure 3-5. Remove spring seat (24) and springs (25)
and (26).

Invert the power case and remove snap rings (23) and accumulator pistons
(37).

Figure 3-5

8. If necessary to remove check valve assemblies (29 and 30), proceed in this
manner:
a. To remove inner check valves (29), pry the retainer plate from the
check valve assembly and remove springs and check balls.
b. To remove outer check valves (30), press the check balls through and
out of the valve case.

14 Woodward
Manual 36600 PG Governor Basic Elements
c. Then tap all four check valve cases with a 1/4”-28 tap. Using a 1/4”-28
bolt with a small plate as a jack, pull the four valve cases. See Figure
3-6.
d. Remove two balls from the power case.

Figure 3-6

Inspection after Disassembly

After disassembling the governor, wash all parts in clean fuel oil and carefully
inspect for wear. Generally, most of the repair work consists of cleaning and
polishing the governor parts. All pistons, plungers, valves, and rods should move
freely without binding or catching. Do not lap in parts if possible to free up by
other means.

Inspect the check valves (if used) in the bottom of the governor power case.
They must be clean, operating freely, and seating properly.

The flat, joint surfaces at top and bottom of both governor case and base, must
be free of burrs and high spots.

Carefully avoid scratching or scoring these faces, particularly the top of the base
and the bottom of the case. Avoid damage to the neoprene seal ring and the
groove in the bottom face of the governor power case.

Woodward 15
PG Governor Basic Elements Manual 36600
The pilot valve plunger should move freely in the pilot valve bushing assembly. If
the plunger surfaces are scratched, they may be dressed with a hard Arkansas
stone.

CAUTION
The edges of the control land and compensating piston MUST be left sharp.

The power piston assembly should move freely in the power cylinder, and the
buffer piston should move freely in the buffer cylinder.

Ballhead flyweights must work freely on the needle bearings and pivot pins.

If the toes of the flyweights have flat spots, it will be necessary to disassemble
the ballhead and round off the worn spots with emery cloth. If wear is excessive,
install new flyweights.

Ball races and bearing balls of the flyweight thrust bearing should be in perfect
condition.

Assembly Procedures
While assembling the parts into the governor, take care to ensure that no lint or
other foreign matter is present on the parts. The governor may be assembled
dry, or if preferred a small amount of clean lubricating oil can be applied to the
parts as they are placed into the governor. Replace all pipe plugs removed from
the governor, using a good joint compound on the threads of the plug—NOT IN
THE HOLE. When the governor is assembled, apply a liberal amount of clean
lubricating oil over all the moving parts, to ensure initial lubrication.

The order of assembly is, in general, the reverse of the disassembly process.
The following hints should aid in assembly of the basic elements. (The numbers
shown in parentheses refer to the parts shown in Figure 4-1.)

1. Use Woodward tool 360689 to press check valve assembly (29) into power
case (28). Use Woodward tool 360690) to press in check valve assembly
(30).

2. After installing lower snap rings (23), accumulator pistons (37), and springs
(25) and (26), use a rod and an arbor press to compress spring seats (24).
Install upper snap rings (23).

3. With the power case components installed and the power case resting
upside down (with idler gear stud 39 up), install idler gear (40), drive gear
(38), and oil seal ring (41). Be sure the gears turn freely.

Attach base (43) to the power case with screws (45). Do nor tighten the
screws. Insert drive shaft (51) with bearing (50) and snap ring (49) already
on the drive shaft into the base and turn until the splined end slips into the
splines in the pump drive gear. Continue turning to check alignment and
free rotation of the drive gear and idler gear while tightening screws (45).

Withdraw the drive shaft from the base.

4. Press oil seal (47) into oil seal retainer (48) flush with the end opposite the
flange end of retainer.

16 Woodward
Manual 36600 PG Governor Basic Elements
5. Install gasket (46) and the assembly consisting of the oil seal and oil seal
retainer. Install the drive shaft assembly. Attach retainer (52) with screws
(53). Tighten screws evenly. Do not attempt to bring the retainer into contact
with the base. Install lock wire (54) on screws (53).

6. Press oil seals (6) and (7) into power cylinder (10). Seal (7) should be
inserted with the part number facing out. Seal (6) should be inserted with
the part number facing in and pressed in to 0.005” (0.13 mm) below flush.

7. Place oil seal inserter (Woodward tool 360066) on over rod of power piston
assembly (16) to avoid damaging oil seals (6) and (7) when inserting the
piston assembly in the power cylinder.

8. Position the power cylinder in an arbor press, align the taper pin holes, and
press rod end (5) onto the end of power piston (16). See Figure 3-7. Place a
small steel block in the rod end slot so that pressure is applied against the
bottom of the slot.

Figure 3-7

9. When assembling the power cylinder assembly onto the power case, align
the holes in gasket (13) with the holes in power case (28) instead of with
those in the power cylinder.

10. When assembling the flyweight head pilot valve bushing assembly, align the
missing tooth in the pilot valve bushing with the corresponding missing tooth
in its mating part (items 76 and 87).

Woodward 17
PG Governor Basic Elements Manual 36600
11. The three-piece thrust bearing (66) fits onto the stem of the pilot valve
plunger (85) with the bearing race with the larger hole on the bottom
(against the flyweight toes).

12. “Center” the pilot valve plunger in this manner: wish slight pressure on the
speeder spring seat (65), adjust the pilot valve plunger nut (63) until, as the
flyweights (70) are moved from their extreme inward to their extreme
outward position, there is the same amount of control land showing in the
control port at each extreme.

The control ports are the bottom row of holes in the pilot valve bushing
assembly. See Figure 3-8. (Note: Shutdown rod (72) and retaining ring (73),
if used, must be inserted through nut (63) before the centering adjustment is
made.) Be sure to install cotter pin (64).

Figure 3-8

18 Woodward
 Manual 36600 PG Governor Basic Elements

Chapter 4.
Replacement Parts

When ordering replacement parts, include the following information:

• Governor serial number and part number shown on the nameplate
• Manual number (this is manual 36600)
• Part reference number in parts list and description of part or part name.

Ref. No. Part Name .......................................Quantity Ref. No. Part Name ....................................... Quantity
36600-1 Rod End Pin ................................................. 1 36600-57 Buffer Piston .................................................1
36600-2 Cotter Pin ..................................................... 1 36600-58 Plug ...............................................................1
36600-3 Taper Pin...................................................... 1 36600-59 O-ring ............................................................1
36600-4 Rod End Pin Washer ................................... 1 36600-60 Snap Ring .....................................................1
36600-5 Rod End ....................................................... 1 36600-61 Speeder Spring Check Plug .........................1
36600-6 Oil Seal......................................................... 1 36600-62 Speeder Spring .............................................1
36600-7 Oil Seal......................................................... 1 36600-63 Pilot Valve Plunger Nut.................................1
36600-8 Socket Head Screw (3/8”-16 x 1-1/4) .......... 4 36600-64 Cotter Pin ......................................................1
36600-9 Split Lockwasher (3/8”) ................................ 4 36600-65 Speeder Spring Seat ....................................1
36600-10 Power Cylinder............................................. 1 36600-66 Thrust Bearing ..............................................1
36600-11 Pipe Plug (1/8”) ................................... as req. 36600-67 Adjusting Spring Washer ..............................1
36600-12 Pipe Plug (1/16”) ................................. as req. 36600-68 Adjusting Spring............................................1
36600-13 Gasket.......................................................... 1 36600-69 Flyweight Bearing .........................................4
36600-14 O-ring ........................................................... 1 36600-70 Flyweight .......................................................2
36600-15 Needle Valve................................................ 1 36600-71 Shutdown Nut ...............................................2
36600-16 Power Piston and Rod Assembly ................ 1 36600-72 Shutdown Rod ..............................................1
36600-17 Power Cylinder Spring ................................. 1 36600-73 Not Used
36600-18 Gasket.......................................................... 1 Spring Coupled–Undamped Flyweight Head Assy
36600-19 Piston Stop Ring .......................................... 1 36600-74 Round Head Screw (#6-32 x 5/16”) ..............1
36600-20 Spring Guard................................................ 1 36000-75 Split Lockwasher (#6) ...................................1
36600-21 Shakeproof Washer (1/4”)............................ 4 36600-76 Spring Coupling Assembly............................1
36600-22 Socket Head Screw (1/4”-28 x 3/4).............. 4 36600-77 Not Used
36600-23 Snap Ring .................................................... 4 36600-78 Flyweight Head .............................................1
36600-24 Spring Seat .................................................. 2 36600-79 Not Used
36600-25 Accumulator Spring (Large)......................... 2 36600-80 Not Used
36600-26 Accumulator Spring (Small) ......................... 2 36600-81 Snap Ring .....................................................1
36600-27 Case-to-Column Dowel Pin ......................... 2 36600-82 Compensating Bushing.................................1
36600-28 Power Case.................................................. 1 36000-83 Cotter Pin ......................................................8
36600-29 Check Valve Assembly (Spring Loaded) ..... 2 36000-84 Flyweight Pin–Limit Pin.................................4
36600-30 Check Valve Assembly (Plain)..................... 2 36000-85 Pilot Valve Plunger .......................................1
36600-31 Gasket.......................................................... 1 36600-87 Flyweight Hd Gear-Pilot Vlv Bshng Assy......1
36600-32 Not Used 36600-94 Centering Bearing .........................................1
36600-33 Not Used Spring Coupled— Oil Damped Flyweight Head Assy
36600-34 Oil Level Gauge ........................................... 1 36600-88 Round Head Screw (#8-32 x 5/16) ...............1
36600-35 Elbow ........................................................... 1 36600-89 Split Lockwasher (#8) ...................................1
36600-36 Drain Cock ................................................... 2 36600-90 Spring Coupling Assembly............................1
36600-37 Accumulator Piston ...................................... 1 36600-91 Fillister I-lead Screw (#5-40 x 9/32) ..............8
36600-38 Drive Gear.................................................... 1 36600-92 Lockwasher (#5) ...........................................8
36600-39 Idler Gear Stud............................................. 1 36600-93 Flyweight Head .............................................1
36600-40 Idler Gear ..................................................... 1 36600-94 Centering Bearing .........................................1
36600-41 Oil Seal Ring ................................................ 1 36600-95 Oil Seal Ring .................................................1
36600-42 Case-to-Base Dowel Pin.............................. 2 36600-96 Flyweight Hd Gear-Pilot Vlv Bshng Assy......1
36600-43 Base ............................................................. 1 36600-97 Flyweight Hd Cup-Pilot Vlv Bshng Assy .......1
36600-44 Split Lockwasher (21/64”) ............................ 8 Parts for Special Low Speed Governor Operation
36600-45 Hex Head Screw (5/16”-18 x 1”) .................. 8 36600-98 Spring............................................................1
36600-46 Gasket.......................................................... 1 36600-99 Spring Seat ...................................................1
36600-47 Oil Seal......................................................... 1 36600-100 Plug ...............................................................1
36600-48 Oil Seal Retainer.......................................... 1 36600-101 Snap Ring .....................................................1
36600-49 Snap Ring .................................................... 1 Rubber Damped Flyweight Head Assembly
36600-50 Bearing......................................................... 1 36600-102 Rubber Coupling Assembly ..........................1
36600-51 Drive Shaft ................................................... 1 36600-103 Flyweight Head .............................................1
36600-52 Bearing Retainer .......................................... 1 36600-104 Fly eight Hd Cup–Pilot Vlv Bshng Assy........1
36600-53 Hex Head Screw (1/4”-28 x 5/8) .................. 3 Solid Flyweight Head Assembly
36600-54 Lockwire .............................................. as req. 36600-105 Flyweight Head .............................................1
36600-55 Spring Seat................................................... 1 36600-106 Pilot Valve Bushing Assembly ......................1
36600-56 Buffer Spring ................................................ 2

Woodward 19
PG Governor Basic Elements Manual 36600

Figure 4-1. Exploded View

20 Woodward
Manual 36600 PG Governor Basic Elements
Power Cylinder Assembly with Rotary Terminal Shaft
36600-107 Power Piston and Rod Assembly ...............1
36600-108 Drive Screw................................................2
36600-109 Terminal Shaft Scale ..................................1
36600-110 Rack Dial Segment.....................................1
36600-111 Taper Pin....................................................1
36500-112 Socket Head Screw (#10-32 x 5/8”) ...........1
36600-113 Split Lockwasher (#10)...............................1
36600-114 Oil Seal (Small) ..........................................1
36600-115 Needle Bearing (Small) ..............................1
36600-116 Socket Head Screw (#8-32 x 3/4”) .............2
36600-117 Split Lockwasher (#8).................................2
36600-118 Compensating Needle Valve ......................1
36600-119 O-ring .........................................................1
36600-120 Split Lockwasher (#3/8”).............................4
36600-121 Socket Head Screw (3/8”-16 x 1”) ..............1
36600-122 Rack Scale Pointer.....................................1
36600-123 Snap Ring (Large) ......................................2
36600-124 Snap Ring (Small) ......................................2
36600-125 Power Piston Link.......................................2
36600-126 Stop Nut (7/16”-20) ....................................1
36600-127 Power Lever ...............................................1
36600-128 Split Lockwasher (5/16”).............................2
36600-129 Clamp Screw..............................................2
36600.130 Gasket........................................................1
36600-131 Cover..........................................................1
36600-132 Split Lockwasher ........................................8
36600-133 Socket Head Screw (1/4”28 x 3/4”) ............8
36600-134 Pipe Plug (1/8” NPT) ..................................1
36600-135 Gasket........................................................1
36600-136 Power Cylinder ...........................................1
36600-137 Needle Bearing (Large) ..............................1
36600-138 Oil Seal (Large) ..........................................1
36600-139 Terminal Shaft............................................1
36600-140 Piston Rod Pin ...........................................1
36600-141 Power Lever Pin .........................................1
36600-142 Snap Ring (Small) ......................................2

Alternate Base Assembly

36600-143 Base ...........................................................1
36600 144 Gasket........................................................1
36600-145 Oil Seat ......................................................1
36600-146 Oil Seal Retainer ........................................1
36600-147 Serrated Drive Shaft (Long) .......................1
36600-148 Bearing.......................................................1
36600-149 Snap Ring ..................................................1
36600-150 Bearing Retainer ........................................1
36600-151 Hex Head Screw (1/4”-28 x 5/8”)................3
36600-152 Keyed Drive Shaft ......................................1
36600-153 Straight Key................................................1
36600-154 Spacer Sleeve............................................1
36600-155 Castle Nut (5/8”-18)....................................1
36600-156 Lockwire ............................................as req.
36600-157 Retainer Clip ................................................

Woodward 21
PG Governor Basic Elements Manual 36600

Figure 4-2. Exploded View, Alternate Power Cylinder and Base Assemblies

22 Woodward
Manual 36600 PG Governor Basic Elements

Chapter 5.
Service Options

Product Service Options

The following factory options are available for servicing Woodward equipment,
based on the standard Woodward Product and Service Warranty (5-01-1205)
that is in effect at the time the product is purchased from Woodward or the
service is performed:
• Replacement/Exchange (24-hour service)
• Flat Rate Repair
• Flat Rate Remanufacture

If you are experiencing problems with installation or unsatisfactory performance

of an installed system, the following options are available:
• Consult the troubleshooting guide in the manual.
• Contact Woodward technical assistance (see “How to Contact Woodward”
later in this chapter) and discuss your problem. In most cases, your problem
can be resolved over the phone. If not, you can select which course of
action you wish to pursue based on the available services listed in this
section.

Replacement/Exchange
Replacement/Exchange is a premium program designed for the user who is in
need of immediate service. It allows you to request and receive a like-new
replacement unit in minimum time (usually within 24 hours of the request),
providing a suitable unit is available at the time of the request, thereby
minimizing costly downtime. This is also a flat rate structured program and
includes the full standard Woodward product warranty (Woodward Product and
Service Warranty 5-01-1205).

This option allows you to call in the event of an unexpected outage, or in

advance of a scheduled outage, to request a replacement control unit. If the unit
is available at the time of the call, it can usually be shipped out within 24 hours.
You replace your field control unit with the like-new replacement and return the
field unit to the Woodward facility as explained below (see “Returning Equipment
for Repair” later in this chapter).

Charges for the Replacement/Exchange service are based on a flat rate plus
shipping expenses. You are invoiced the flat rate replacement/exchange charge
plus a core charge at the time the replacement unit is shipped. If the core (field
unit) is returned to Woodward within 60 days, Woodward will issue a credit for
the core charge. [The core charge is the average difference between the flat rate
replacement/exchange charge and the current list price of a new unit.]

Return Shipment Authorization Label. To ensure prompt receipt of the core,

and avoid additional charges, the package must be properly marked. A return
authorization label is included with every Replacement/Exchange unit that leaves
Woodward. The core should be repackaged and the return authorization label
affixed to the outside of the package. Without the authorization label, receipt of
the returned core could be delayed and cause additional charges to be applied.

Woodward 23
PG Governor Basic Elements Manual 36600

Flat Rate Repair

Flat Rate Repair is available for the majority of standard products in the field.
This program offers you repair service for your products with the advantage of
knowing in advance what the cost will be. All repair work carries the standard
Woodward service warranty (Woodward Product and Service Warranty
5-01-1205) on replaced parts and labor.

Flat Rate Remanufacture

Flat Rate Remanufacture is very similar to the Flat Rate Repair option with the
exception that the unit will be returned to you in “like-new” condition and carry
with it the full standard Woodward product warranty (Woodward Product and
Service Warranty 5-01-1205). This option is applicable to mechanical products
only.

Returning Equipment for Repair

If a control (or any part of an electronic control) is to be returned to Woodward for
repair, please contact Woodward in advance to obtain a Return Authorization
Number. When shipping the item(s), attach a tag with the following information:
• name and location where the control is installed;
• name and phone number of contact person;
• complete Woodward part number(s) and serial number(s);
• description of the problem;
• instructions describing the desired type of repair.

CAUTION
To prevent damage to electronic components caused by improper handling,
read and observe the precautions in Woodward manual 82715, Guide for
Handling and Protection of Electronic Controls, Printed Circuit Boards, and
Modules.

Packing a Control
Use the following materials when returning a complete control:
• protective caps on any connectors;
• antistatic protective bags on all electronic modules;
• packing materials that will not damage the surface of the unit;
• at least 100 mm (4 inches) of tightly packed, industry-approved packing
material;
• a packing carton with double walls;
• a strong tape around the outside of the carton for increased strength.

24 Woodward
Manual 36600 PG Governor Basic Elements

Return Authorization Number

When returning equipment to Woodward, please telephone and ask for the
Customer Service Department [1 (800) 523-2831 in North America or
+1 (970) 482-5811]. They will help expedite the processing of your order through
our distributors or local service facility. To expedite the repair process, contact
Woodward in advance to obtain a Return Authorization Number, and arrange for
issue of a purchase order for the item(s) to be repaired. No work can be started
until a purchase order is received.

NOTE
We highly recommend that you make arrangement in advance for return
shipments. Contact a Woodward customer service representative at
1 (800) 523-2831 in North America or +1 (970) 482-5811 for instructions and
for a Return Authorization Number.

Replacement Parts
When ordering replacement parts for controls, include the following information:
• the part number(s) (XXXX-XXXX) that is on the enclosure nameplate;
• the unit serial number, which is also on the nameplate.

How to Contact Woodward

In North America use the following address when shipping or corresponding:
Woodward Governor Company
PO Box 1519
1000 East Drake Rd
Fort Collins CO 80522-1519, USA

Telephone—+1 (970) 482-5811 (24 hours a day)

Toll-free Phone (in North America)—1 (800) 523-2831
Fax—+1 (970) 498-3058

For assistance outside North America, call one of the following international
Woodward facilities to obtain the address and phone number of the facility
nearest your location where you will be able to get information and service.

Facility Phone Number

Brazil +55 (19) 3708 4800
India +91 (129) 230 7111
Japan +81 (476) 93-4661
The Netherlands +31 (23) 5661111

You can also contact the Woodward Customer Service Department or consult
our worldwide directory on Woodward’s website (www.woodward.com) for the
name of your nearest Woodward distributor or service facility.

Woodward 25
PG Governor Basic Elements Manual 36600

Engineering Services
Woodward Industrial Controls Engineering Services offers the following after-
sales support for Woodward products. For these services, you can contact us by
telephone, by email, or through the Woodward website.

• Technical Support
• Product Training
• Field Service

Contact information:
Telephone—+1 (970) 482-5811
Toll-free Phone (in North America)—1 (800) 523-2831
Email—icinfo@woodward.com
Website—www.woodward.com

Technical Support is available through our many worldwide locations or our

authorized distributors, depending upon the product. This service can assist you
with technical questions or problem solving during normal business hours.
Emergency assistance is also available during non-business hours by phoning
our toll-free number and stating the urgency of your problem. For technical
support, please contact us via telephone, email us, or use our website and
reference Customer Services and then Technical Support.

Product Training is available at many of our worldwide locations (standard

classes). We also offer customized classes, which can be tailored to your needs
and can be held at one of our locations or at your site. This training, conducted
by experienced personnel, will assure that you will be able to maintain system
reliability and availability. For information concerning training, please contact us
via telephone, email us, or use our website and reference Customer Services
and then Product Training.

Field Service engineering on-site support is available, depending on the product

and location, from one of our many worldwide locations or from one of our
authorized distributors. The field engineers are experienced both on Woodward
products as well as on much of the non-Woodward equipment with which our
products interface. For field service engineering assistance, please contact us
via telephone, email us, or use our website and reference Customer Services
and then Technical Support.

26 Woodward
 Manual 36600 PG Governor Basic Elements

Technical Assistance
If you need to telephone for technical assistance, you will need to provide the following information.
Please write it down here before phoning:

General
Your Name
Site Location
Phone Number
Fax Number

Prime Mover Information

Engine/Turbine Model Number
Manufacturer
Number of Cylinders (if applicable)
Type of Fuel (gas, gaseous, steam, etc)
Rating
Application

Control/Governor Information
Please list all Woodward governors, actuators, and electronic controls in your system:

Woodward Part Number and Revision Letter

Control Description or Governor Type

Serial Number

Woodward Part Number and Revision Letter

Control Description or Governor Type

Serial Number

Woodward Part Number and Revision Letter

Control Description or Governor Type

Serial Number
If you have an electronic or programmable control, please have the adjustment setting positions or
the menu settings written down and with you at the time of the call.

Woodward 27
 We appreciate your comments about the content of our publications.
Send comments to: icinfo@woodward.com
Please include the manual number from the front cover of this publication.

PO Box 1519, Fort Collins CO 80522-1519, USA

1000 East Drake Road, Fort Collins CO 80525, USA
Phone +1 (970) 482-5811 • Fax +1 (970) 498-3058
Email and Website—www.woodward.com

Woodward has company-owned plants, subsidiaries, and branches,

as well as authorized distributors and other authorized service and sales facilities throughout the world.
Complete address / phone / fax / email information for all locations is available on our website.

04/11/F