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    Combustion Calculations

    Uploaded by

    Mauro Ferrarese
    This document provides equations and methods for calculating the amount of theoretical air required for combustion of solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. For solid and liquid fuels, the stoichiometric air is calculated based on the weight fractions of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur in the fuel. For gaseous fuels, the stoichiometric air depends on the weight fractions of compounds like carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, ethylene, and oxygen in the fuel. Higher heating values (HHVs) of various fuels are also listed. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating the theoretical air required per million BTU fired for a fuel oil and natural gas.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Combustion Calculations

    Uploaded by

    Mauro Ferrarese
    883 views6 pages
    This document provides equations and methods for calculating the amount of theoretical air required for combustion of solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. For solid and liquid fuels, the stoichiometric air is calculated based on the weight fractions of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur in the fuel. For gaseous fuels, the stoichiometric air depends on the weight fractions of compounds like carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, ethylene, and oxygen in the fuel. Higher heating values (HHVs) of various fuels are also listed. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating the theoretical air required per million BTU fired for a fuel oil and natural gas.

    Original Title

    COMBUSTION_CALCULATIONS.xls

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    This document provides equations and methods for calculating the amount of theoretical air required for combustion of solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. For solid and liquid fuels, the stoichiometric air is calculated based on the weight fractions of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur in the fuel. For gaseous fuels, the stoichiometric air depends on the weight fractions of compounds like carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, ethylene, and oxygen in the fuel. Higher heating values (HHVs) of various fuels are also listed. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating the theoretical air required per million BTU fired for a fuel oil and natural gas.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xls, pdf, or txt
    883 views6 pages

    Combustion Calculations

    Uploaded by

    Mauro Ferrarese
    This document provides equations and methods for calculating the amount of theoretical air required for combustion of solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. For solid and liquid fuels, the stoichiometric air is calculated based on the weight fractions of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur in the fuel. For gaseous fuels, the stoichiometric air depends on the weight fractions of compounds like carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, ethylene, and oxygen in the fuel. Higher heating values (HHVs) of various fuels are also listed. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating the theoretical air required per million BTU fired for a fuel oil and natural gas.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xls, pdf, or txt
    of 6
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The document discusses methods for calculating stoichiometric air requirements and total atmospheric air required for combustion of different fuels.

    For solid/liquid fuels it is based on the weight fractions of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur. For gaseous fuels it is based on the weight fractions of various components like CO, H2, CH4, C2H2 etc.

    The total atmospheric air required is calculated based on the dry stoichiometric air, heating value of fuel, absolute humidity of air and excess air percentage.

    COMBUSTION CALCULATIONS

    Solid & Liquid Fuels:


    Astoi =

    11.53*C + 34.34*(H2 - (O2/8)) + 4.29*S

    where
    Astoi = Dry stoichiometric air required for combustion, lb/lb of fuel
    C = weight fraction of Carbon in Solid/Liquid fuel
    H2 = weight fraction of Hydrogen in Solid/Liquid fuel
    O2 = weight fraction of Oxygen in Solid/Liquid fuel
    S = weight fraction of sulfur in Solid/Liquid Fuel

    Gaseous Fuels:
    Astoi =

    2.47*CO + 34.34*H2 + 17.265*CH4 + 13.3*C2H2 + 14.81*C2H4 + 16.12*C2H6 + 15.69*C3H8 + 15.44*C4H10 - 4.32*O2

    where
    Astoi = Dry stoichiometric air required for combustion, lb/lb of fuel
    CO = weight fraction of Carbon Monoxide Gaseous fuel
    H2 = weight fraction of Hydrogen in Gaseous fuel
    CH4 = weight fraction of Methane in Gaseous Fuel
    C2H2 = weight fraction of acetylene in Gaseous Fuel
    C2H4 = weight fraction of ethylene in Gaseous Fuel
    C2H6 = weight fraction of ethane in Gaseous Fuel
    C3H8 = weight fraction of propane in Gaseous Fuel
    O2 = weight fraction of Oxygen in Gaseous fuel
    HHV's (Higher Heating Value) for API fuel oils:
    HHV =
    17887 + 57.5*API - 102.2*S
    where
    API = Degree API of Fuel Oil (measure of specific gravity)
    S = weight percent of sulfur in fuel oil

    MM Btu method of combustion:


    This method for combustion is based on the concept that the weight of air required in the combustion of a unit
    weight of any commercial fuel is more nearly proportional to the unit heat value than to the unit weight of the fuel.
    Hence the quantity of air required is expressed in lb per million btu (lb/MMBtu) fired.

    Examples for calculation of thoretical/stoichiometric Air:


    Example 1:
    A Fuel oil has the following characteristics:
    Degree API
    28
    weight percent C =
    87.5
    weight percent H =
    12.5
    weight percent S =
    0
    weight percent O =
    0

    API
    %
    %
    %
    %

    Calculate the amount of theoretical air required per million Btu fired for above fuel oil

    Page 1 of 6

    COMBUSTION CALCULATIONS

    Calculations:
    HHV =
    Astoi =

    19497 Btu/lb
    14.38 lb/lb fuel

    1 MM Btu fired requires =


    Hence air required per 1 MM Btu fuel =

    51.29 lb fuel
    737.6 lb

    Example 2:
    Natural gas is used as fired fuel for boiler. It has the following volumetric analysis:
    CH4 =
    83.4 %
    C2H6 =
    15.8 %
    N2 =

    0.8 %

    Calculate the amount of theoretical air required per million Btu fired for natural gas
    Calculations:
    Component volume %

    Molecular wt

    weight % wt fraction Combustion


    Constants
    or HHV,
    Btu/lb
    72.89
    0.7289
    23876
    yellow colored cell are inputs

    CH4

    83.4

    16

    C2H6

    15.8

    30

    25.89

    0.2589

    22320

    N2

    0.8

    28

    1.22

    0.0122

    Astoi =
    16.76 lb/lb fuel
    HHV =
    23181.0 Btu/lb
    1 MM Btu fired requires =
    Hence air required per 1 MM Btu fuel =

    43.14 lb fuel
    722.9 lb

    Total Atmospheric Air required for Combustion in fired Heaters:


    Atot =
    where
    Atot =

    Astoi*(1000000/HHV of fuel)*(1+ H)*(1 + Aexc)

    Astoi =
    HHV =
    H=

    Dry stoichiometric or theoretical air required, lb/lb fuel


    Higher Heating Value, Btu/lb
    absolute humidity of atmospheric air expressed as a fraction - lb of water vapor per 1 lb of dry air
    (to be calculated from % Relative Humidity (RH) & Dry Bulb Temperature using psychrometric chart,
    example: at 105F & 100% RH, H = 0.0507 from Humid Air chart)
    excess air expressed as a fraction (10% excess air will be entered as 0.1, 15% = 0.15 etc.)

    Aexc =

    total atmospheric air, lb/MM Btu

    Page 2 of 6

    COMBUSTION CALCULATIONS

    Common Combustion Reactions & the Heats of Combustion:


    Heating Value (Btu/lb)
    HHV
    LHV
    61100
    51600

    H2 + 1/2O2 = H2O
    C + O2 = CO2

    14093

    14093

    C + 1/2O2 = CO

    4440

    4440

    CO + 1/2O2 = CO2

    4345

    4345

    S + O2 = SO2

    10160

    10160

    CH4 + 2O2 = CO2 + 2H2O

    23885

    21500

    C2H6 + 3.5O2 = 2CO2 + 3H2O

    22263

    20370

    C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O

    21646

    19929

    C4H10 + 6.5O2 = 4CO2 + 5H2O

    21293

    19665

    Note that where no water is formed during combustion reaction the HHV & LHV are the same.
    Heating Value (LHV(net) & HHV(gross)) @ 60F, 14.696 psia (Source: Fig 23-2, GPSA Engg. Data Book)

    Net
    3

    Btu/ft ,
    ideal gas,
    14.696
    psia
    Methane
    909.4
    Ethane
    1618.7
    Propane
    2314.9
    Isobutane
    3000.4
    n-Butane
    3010.8
    Isopentane
    3699
    n-Pentane
    3706.9
    Neopentane 3682.9
    n-Hexane
    4403.8
    Hydrogen
    273.8
    Carbon
    320.5
    Monoxide
    Compound

    Prepared by:

    Heating Value, 60F


    Gross
    3
    Btu/ft ,
    ideal gas,
    Btu/lbm
    Btu/lbm
    14.696
    Liquid
    psia
    Liquid
    1010
    20277
    1769.6
    22181
    19757
    2516.1
    21489
    19437
    3251.9
    21079
    19494
    3262.3
    21136
    19303
    4000.9
    20891
    19335
    4008.9
    20923
    19235
    3984.7
    20822
    19232
    4755.9
    20783
    324.2
    320.5
    -

    Btu/gal
    Liquid
    65869
    90830
    98917
    102911
    108805
    110091
    103577
    115021
    -

    Ankur Srivastava
    Chemical Engineer
    e-mail: ankur2061@yahoo.co.in

    Disclaimer : The information and methods included within this spreadsheet are presented for combustion air
    calculations. It is intended to be used by technically skilled persons at their own discretion. I do not warrant the
    suitability or accuracy of these methods.

    Page 3 of 6

    COMBUSTION CALCULATIONS

    + 15.44*C4H10 - 4.32*O2

    Page 4 of 6

    COMBUSTION CALCULATIONS

    Page 5 of 6

    COMBUSTION CALCULATIONS

    mbustion air
    not warrant the

    Page 6 of 6

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