a,b,c

1.

A triangle has sides of length 4, 5, 7 units. Find, to the nearest tenth of a degree, the size of the
largest angle.
Working:

Answers:
..............
(Total 4 marks)

2.

O is the centre of the circle which has a radius of 5.4 cm.

B
2

The area of the shaded sector OAB is 21.6 cm . Find the length of the minor arc AB.
Working:

Answers:
..............
(Total 4 marks)

3.

6

The circle shown has centre O and radius 6. OA is the vector 0 , OB is the vector
5

OC is the vector, 11 .

6

0 and

C
B

(a)

Verify that A, B and C lie on the circle.

(3)

(b)

Find the vector AC .

(2)

(c)

Using an appropriate scalar product, or otherwise, find the cosine of angle OAC.
(3)

(d)

4.

Find the area of triangle ABC, giving your answer in the form a 11 , where a

.
(4)
(Total 12 marks)

Solve the equation 3 sin x = cos x, for 0 x 180.

Working:

Answers:
..............
(Total 4 marks)

5.

The diagrams show a circular sector of radius 10 cm and angle radians which is formed into a
cone of slant height 10 cm. The vertical height h of the cone is equal to the radius r of its base.
Find the angle radians.

c m

c m

Working:

Answers:
..............
(Total 4 marks)

6.

The diagram shows the graph of the function f given by

x
f(x) = A sin 2 + B,

for 0 x 5, where A and B are constants, and x is measured in radians.

y

( 1

, 3

( 5

2
( 0

)
x

3
( 3

4
,

)
3

The graph includes the points (1, 3) and (5, 3), which are maximum points of the graph.
(a)

Write down the values of f(1) and f(5).

(2)

(b)

Show that the period of f is 4.

(2)

The point (3, 1) is a minimum point of the graph.

(c)

Show that A = 2, and find the value of B.

(5)

(d)

Show that f'(x) = cos 2

x
.
(4)

The line y = k x is a tangent line to the graph for 0 x 5.

(e)

Find
(i)

the point where this tangent meets the curve;

(ii)

the value of k.
(6)

(f)

7.

Solve the equation f(x) = 2 for 0 x 5.

(5)
(Total 24 marks)

Solve the equation 3 cos x = 5 sin x, for x in the interval 0 x 360, giving your answers to
the nearest degree.
Working:

Answers:
..............
(Total 4 marks)

8.

5
13
If A is an obtuse angle in a triangle and sin A =
, calculate the exact value of sin 2A.
Working:

cos^x 2 *

Answers:
..............
(Total 4 marks)

9.

(a) Sketch the graph of y = sin x x, 3 x 3, on millimetre square paper, using

a scale of 2 cm per unit on each axis.
Label and number both axes and indicate clearly the approximate positions of the
x-intercepts and the local maximum and minimum points.
(5)

(b)

Find the solution of the equation

sin x x = 0,

(c)

x > 0.
(1)

Find the indefinite integral

( sin x x) dx
and hence, or otherwise, calculate the area of the region enclosed by the graph, the
x-axis and the line x = 1.
(4)
(Total 10 marks)

10.

3
1
Given that sin = 2 , cos = 2 and 0 < < 360,
(a)

find the value of ;

(b)

write down the exact value of tan .

Working:

Answers:
(a) ..
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 4 marks)

11.

The diagram shows a vertical pole PQ, which is supported by two wires fixed to the horizontal
ground at A and B.
P

3 6 B
3 0
Q

7 0
A
BQ = 40 m
Q = 36
PB
Q = 70
BA
Q = 30
AB

Find
(a)

the height of the pole, PQ;

(b)

the distance between A and B.

Working:

Answers:
(a) ..
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 4 marks)

12.

The diagram shows a circle of radius 5 cm.

1

r a d

i a n

Find the perimeter (chu vi) of the shaded region.

Working:

Answers:
..............
(Total 4 marks)

13.

3x +
2.
f(x) = 4 sin

For what values of k will the equation f(x) = k have no solutions?

Working:

Answers:
..............
(Total 4 marks)

14.

In this question you should note that radians are used throughout.
2

(a) (i)
Sketch the graph of y = x cos x, for 0 x 2 making clear the
approximate positions of the positive intercept, the maximum point and the endpoints.
(ii)

Write down the approximate coordinates of the positive x-intercept, the maximum
point and the end-points.
(7)

(b)

Find the exact value of the positive x-intercept for 0 x 2.

(2)

Let R be the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the graph and the x-axis.
(c)

(i)
(ii)

Shade R on your diagram.

Write down an integral which represents the area of R.

(3)

(d)

Evaluate the integral in part (c)(ii), either by using a graphic display calculator, or by
using the following information.

d
dx (x2 sin x + 2x cos x 2 sin x) = x2 cos x.
(3)
(Total 15 marks)

15.

In this part of the question, radians are used throughout.

The function f is given by
2

f(x) = (sin x) cos x.

The following diagram shows part of the graph of y = f(x).
y

The point A is a maximum point, the point B lies on the x-axis, and the point C is a point of
inflexion.
(a)

Give the period of f.

(1)

(b)

From consideration of the graph of y = f(x), find to an accuracy of one significant

figure the range of f.
(1)

(c)

(i)

Find f (x).

(ii)

Hence show that at the point A, cos x =

(iii)

Find the exact maximum value.

1
3.
(9)

(d)

Find the exact value of the x-coordinate at the point B.

(1)

(e)

(i)
(ii)

Find

f (x) dx.

Find the area of the shaded region in the diagram.

(4)

(f)

16.

Given that f (x) = 9(cos x) 7 cos x, find the x-coordinate at the point C.

(4)
(Total 20 marks)

Town A is 48 km from town B and 32 km from town C as shown in the diagram.

C
3

A
4

Given that town B is 56 km from town C, find the size of angle CAB to the nearest degree.

Working:

Answers:
..
(Total 4 marks)

17.

(a)
(b)

Express 2 cos x + sin x in terms of sin x only.

2

Solve the equation 2 cos x + sin x = 2 for x in the interval 0 x , giving your
answers exactly.

Working:

Answers:
(a) ..
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 4 marks)

18.

Note: Radians are used throughout this question.

(a)

Draw the graph of y = + x cos x, 0 x 5, on millimetre square graph paper, using a

scale of 2 cm per unit. Make clear
(i)

the integer values of x and y on each axis;

(ii)

the approximate positions of the x-intercepts and the turning points.

(5)

(b)

(c)

Without the use of a calculator, show that is a solution of the equation

+ x cos x = 0.

(3)

Find another solution of the equation + x cos x = 0 for 0 x 5, giving your answer
to six significant figures.
(2)

(d)

Let R be the region enclosed by the graph and the axes for 0 x . Shade R on your
diagram, and write down an integral which represents the area of R .
(2)

(e)

Evaluate the integral in part (d) to an accuracy of six significant figures. (If you consider it
d
( x sin x + cos x ) = x cos x .)
necessary, you can make use of the result dx
(3)
(Total 15 marks)

11

19.

A formula for the depth d metres of water in a harbour at a time t hours after midnight is

d = P + Q cos t , 0 t 24,
6
where P and Q are positive constants. In the following graph the point (6, 8.2) is a minimum
point and the point (12, 14.6) is a maximum point.
1

( 1

5
0

. 6

.
( 6

0
(a)

. 2

4 t

Find the value of

(i)

Q;

(ii)

P.
(3)

(b)

Find the first time in the 24-hour period when the depth of the water is 10 metres.
(3)

(c)

(i)
Use the symmetry of the graph to find the next time when the depth of
the water is 10 metres.
(ii)

Hence find the time intervals in the 24-hour period during which the water is less
than 10 metres deep.
(4)

20.

The following diagram shows a triangle with sides 5 cm, 7 cm, 8 cm.

7
8

diagram not to scale

Find
(a)

the size of the smallest angle, in degrees;

(b)

the area of the triangle.

Working:

Answers:
(a) ..
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 4 marks)

13

21.

(a)
(b)

Write the expression 3 sin x + 4 cos x in the form a cos x + b cos x + c.

Hence or otherwise, solve the equation

2

3 sin x + 4 cos x 4 = 0,

0 x 90.

Working:

Answers:
(a) ..
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 4 marks)

22.

In the following diagram, O is the centre of the circle and (AT) is the tangent to the circle at T.
T

diagram not to scale

If OA = 12 cm, and the circle has a radius of 6 cm, nd the area of the shaded region.
Working:

Answers:
..
(Total 4 marks)

23.

In the diagram below, the points O(0 , 0) and A(8 , 6) are xed. The angle OPA
varies as the point P(x , 10) moves along the horizontal line y = 10.

P x(

( 0

( 8

y=

x
diagram to scale

(a)

(i)
(ii)

Show that

AP =

x 2 16 x + 80.

Write down a similar expression for OP in terms of x.

(2)

(b)

Hence, show that

cos OPA =

x 2 8 x + 40
{( x 2 16 x + 80) ( x 2 + 100)}

,
(3)

(c)

Find, in degrees, the angle OPA when x = 8.

(2)

(d)

Find the positive value of x such that OPA = 60 .

(4)

Let the function f be dened by

f ( x ) = cos OPA =

(e)

x 2 8 x + 40
{( x 2 16 x + 80) ( x 2 + 100)}

, 0 x 15.

Consider the equation f (x) = 1. -> I dont really understand this question but the solution
is actually obvious.
(i)

Explain, in terms of the position of the points O, A, and P, why this

equation has a solution.

(ii)

Find the exact solution to the equation.

(5)
(Total 16 marks)

15

24.

The diagram below shows a sector AOB of a circle of radius 15 cm and centre O. The angle
at the centre of the circle is 2 radians.
diagram not to scale

O
(a)

Calculate the area of the sector AOB.

(b)

Calculate the area of the shaded region.

Working:

Answers:
(a) ..
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 4 marks)

25.

The diagrams below show two triangles both satisfying the conditions

AB = 20 cm, AC = 17 cm, ABC = 50.

diagrams not
to scale
T

r i a n

l e

r i a n

l e

(a)

Calculate the size of ACB in Triangle 2.

(b)

Calculate the area of Triangle 1.

Working:

Answers:
(a) ..
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 4 marks)

17

26.

The depth, y metres, of sea water in a bay t hours after midnight may be represented by the
function

2
y = a + b cos
t
k , where a, b and k are constants.
The water is at a maximum depth of 14.3 m at midnight and noon, and is at a minimum depth of
10.3 m at 06:00 and at 18:00.
Write down the value of
(a)

a;

(b)

b;

(c)

k.

Working:

Answers:
(a) ..
(b) ..................................................................
(c) ..........
(Total 4 marks)

27.

The following diagram shows a circle of centre O, and radius 15 cm. The arc ACB subtends an
angle of 2 radians at the centre O.
C
A

B
15

cm

i a g r a m

o t

t o

s c a l e

r a d
O

A
O

B
A

=
=

2
1

r a d
c m

i a n

Find
(a)

the length of the arc ACB;

(b)

the area of the shaded region.

Working:

Answers:
(a) ..
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

19

28.

Two boats A and B start moving from the same point P. Boat A moves in a straight line at
1
1
20 km h and boat B moves in a straight line at 32 km h . The angle between their paths is 70.
Find the distance between the boats after 2.5 hours.
Working:

Answer:
..
(Total 6 marks)

29.

Let f(x) = sin 2x and g(x) = sin (0.5x).

(a)

(b)

Write down
(i)

the minimum value of the function f;

(ii)

the period of the function g.

Consider the equation f(x) = g(x).

3
Find the number of solutions to this equation, for 0 x 2 .
Working:

Answers:
(a) (i) ..
(ii) ..
(b) .................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

30.

Consider the following statements

x

A:

log10 (10 ) > 0.

B:

0.5 cos(0.5x) 0.5.

C:

arctan x 2 .

(a)

Determine which statements are true for all real numbers x. Write your answers (yes or
no) in the table below.
Statement

(b) If not true, example

(a) Is the statement true for all

real numbers x? (Yes/No)

A
B
C
(b)

If a statement is not true for all x, complete the last column by giving an example of one
value of x for which the statement is false.

Working:

(Total 6 marks)

31.

The diagram shows a triangle ABC in which AC = 7 2 , BC = 6, ABC = 45.

A
D
n

(a)

2
7 2

i a g r a m
o t t o
s c a l e
4

6
2

Use the fact that sin 45 = 2 to show that sin BAC = 7 .

(2)
21

The point D is on (AB), between A and B, such that sin BDC = 7 .

(b)

Write down the value of BDC + BAC .

(i)
(ii)

Calculate the angle BCD.

(iii)

Find the length of [BD].

(6)

(c)

Area of BDC
BD
Show that Area of BAC = BA .
(2)
(Total 10 marks)

32.

= 48, as shown in the diagram.

In triangle ABC, AC = 5, BC = 7, A
C
7

5
A

i a g r a m

o t

t o

s c a l e

Find B, giving your answer correct to the nearest degree.

Working:

Answer:
..
(Total 6 marks)

33.

1
Given that sin x = 3 , where x is an acute angle, find the exact value of
(a)

cosx;

(b)

cos2x.

Working:

Answers:
(a) ..
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

34.

Consider the trigonometric equation 2 sin x = 1 + cos x.

(a)

Write this equation in the form f(x) = 0, where f(x) = a cos x + b cos x + c,
and a, b, c

(b)

Factorize f(x).

(c)

Solve f(x) = 0 for 0 x 360.

Working:

Answers:
(a) ..
(b) ..................................................................
(c) ..
(Total 6 marks)

23

35.

Part of the graph of y = p + q cos x is shown below. The graph passes through the points (0, 3)
and ( , 1).
y

Find the value of

(a)

p;

(b)

q.

Working:

Answers:
(a) ..
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

36.

Find all solutions of the equation cos3x = cos(0.5x), for 0 x .

Working:

Answer:
..
(Total 6 marks)

25

37.

The diagram below shows a triangle and two arcs of circles.

The triangle ABC is a right-angled isosceles triangle, with AB = AC = 2. The point P is the
midpoint of [BC].
The arc BDC is part of a circle with centre A.
The arc BEC is part of a circle with centre P.
E
B
D
P

(a)

Calculate the area of the segment BDCP.

(b)

Calculate the area of the shaded region BECD.

Working:

Answers:
(a) ..
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

38.

7

The diagram shows a parallelogram OPQR in which OP = 3 , OQ =

10
.
1

P
Q
O

x
R

(a)

Find the vector OR .

(3)

15
(b)

Use the scalar product of two vectors to show that cos OPQ =

754

.
(4)

(c)

Explain why cos PQR = cos OPQ.

(i)

23
(ii)

Hence show that sin PQR =

(iii)

Calculate the area of the parallelogram OPQR, giving your answer as an integer.

754 .
(7)
(Total 14 marks)

39.

The points P, Q, R are three markers on level ground, joined by straight paths PQ, QR, PR as

shown in the diagram. QR = 9km, PQR = 35, PRQ = 25.

P

Q
(a)

Find the length PR.

(3)

(b)

Tom sets out to walk from Q to P at a steady speed of 8 km h . At the same time, Alan
1
sets out to jog from R to P at a steady speed of a km h . They reach P at the same time.
Calculate the value of a.
(7)

27

(c)

The point S is on [PQ], such that RS = 2QS, as shown in the diagram.

P
S
Q

Find the length QS.

(6)
(Total 16 marks)

40.

Consider the function f(x) = cos x + sin x.

(a)

Show that f( 4 ) = 0.

(i)
(ii)

Find in terms of , the smallest positive value of x which satisfies f(x) = 0.

(3)

The diagram shows the graph of y = e (cos x + sin x), 2 x 3. The graph has a maximum
turning point at C(a, b) and a point of inflexion at D.
y
6

C a ( ,

4
D
2

(b)

dy
Find dx .
(3)

(c)

Find the exact value of a and of b.

(4)

(d)

Show that at D, y =

2e 4

.
(5)

(e)

Find the area of the shaded region.

(2)
(Total 17 marks)

41.

The graph of the function f(x) = 3x 4 intersects the x-axis at A and the y-axis at B.
(a)

(b)

Find the coordinates of

(i)

A;

(ii)

B.

Let O denote the origin. Find the area of triangle OAB.

Working:

Answers:
(a) (i) ...
(ii) ...
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

29

42.

(a)
(b)

Factorize the expression 3 sin x 11 sin x + 6.

2

Consider the equation 3sin x 11sin x + 6 = 0.

(i)

Find the two values of sin x which satisfy this equation,

(ii)

Solve the equation, for 0 x 180.

Working:

Answers:
(a)

...........................................................

(b) (i) ...

(ii) ...

(Total 6 marks)

43.

The diagram below shows a circle, centre O, with a radius 12 cm. The chord AB subtends at an
angle of 75 at the centre. The tangents to the circle at A and at B meet at P.

1
O

A
c m

2
7

i a g r a m
s c a l e

o t

t o

(a)

Using the cosine rule, show that the length of AB is 12

2(1 cos 75)

.
(2)

(b)

Find the length of BP.

(3)

(c)

Hence find
(i)

the area of triangle OBP;

(ii)

the area of triangle ABP.

(4)

(d)

Find the area of sector OAB.

(2)

(e)

Find the area of the shaded region.

(2)
(Total 13 marks)

44.

Note: Radians are used throughout this question.

A mass is suspended from the ceiling on a spring. It is pulled down to point P and then released.
It oscillates up and down.

i a g r a m
s c a l e

o t

Its distance, s cm, from the ceiling, is modelled by the function s = 48 + 10cos2t where t is the
time in seconds from release.
(a)

(i)
(ii)

What is the distance of the point P from the ceiling?

How long is it until the mass is next at P?

(5)

(b)

(i)
(ii)

ds
Find dt .

Where is the mass when the velocity is zero?

(7)

A second mass is suspended on another spring. Its distance r cm from the ceiling is modelled by
the function r = 60 + 15 cos4 t. The two masses are released at the same instant.
(c)

Find the value of t when they are first at the same distance below the ceiling.
(2)

31

t o

(d)

In the first three seconds, how many times are the two masses at the same height?
(2)
(Total 16 marks)

45.

In a triangle ABC, AB = 4 cm, AC = 3 cm and the area of the triangle is 4.5 cm .

Find the two possible values of the angle BAC.
Working:

Answer:
..
(Total 6 marks)

46.

Solve the equation 2cos x = sin 2x for 0 x , giving your answers in terms of .
Working:

Answer:
..
(Total 6 marks)

47.

A car starts by moving from a fixed point A. Its velocity, v m s after t seconds is given by
t
v = 4t + 5 5e . Let d be the displacement from A when t = 4.
(a)

Write down an integral which represents d.

(b)

Calculate the value of d.

Working:

Answers:
(a) ..
(b) ..
(Total 6 marks)

48.

The depth y metres of water in a harbour is given by the equation

t

y = 10 + 4sin 2 ,
where t is the number of hours after midnight.
(a)

Calculate the depth of the water

(i)

when t = 2;

(ii)

at 2100.
(3)

33

The sketch below shows the depth y, of water, at time t, during one day (24 hours).

e p

t h

y
1 5
1 4
1 3
1 2
1 1
1 0
9
( m
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

e t r e s )

(b)

(i)
(ii)

9 1

01 1 21 31
t i m
e

41 51 61 71 81 92
( h o u r s )

02

12

22 23 4 t

Write down the maximum depth of water in the harbour.

Calculate the value of t when the water is first at its maximum depth during the day.
(3)

The harbour gates are closed when the depth of the water is less than seven metres. An alarm
rings when the gates are opened or closed.
(c)

(i)

How many times does the alarm sound during the day?

(ii)

Find the value of t when the alarm sounds first.

(iii)

Use the graph to find the length of time during the day when the harbour gates are
closed. Give your answer in hours, to the nearest hour.
(7)
(Total 13 marks)

49.

= 60, C
The following diagram shows a triangle ABC, where BC = 5 cm, B
= 40.

B
(a)
(b)

Calculate AB.
Find the area of the triangle.

c m

Working:

Answers:
(a) ..
(b) ..
(Total 6 marks)

50.

The diagram below shows a circle of radius 5 cm with centre O. Points A and B are on the

circle, and AOB is 0.8 radians. The point N is on [OB] such that [AN] is perpendicular to [OB].
A
5
O

c m
0

. 8

Find the area of the shaded region.

Working:

Answer:
........
(Total 6 marks)

35

Let f(x) = 1 + 3 cos(2x) for 0 x , and x is in radians.

51.
(a)

(i)
(ii)

Find f (x).

Find the values for x for which f (x) = 0, giving your answers in terms of .

(6)

The function g(x) is defined as g(x) = f(2x) 1, 0 x 2 .

(b)

(i)
The graph of f may be transformed to the graph of g by a stretch 1in
the x-direction with scale factor followed by another transformation. Describe fully
this other transformation.
(ii)

Find the solution to the equation g(x) = f(x)

(4)
(Total 10 marks)

52.

The graph of a function of the form y = p cos qx is given in the diagram below.
y
4

0
/ 2

(a)

Write down the value of p.

(b)

Calculate the value of q.

.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

53.

A farmer owns a triangular field ABC. One side of the triangle, [AC], is 104 m, a second side,
[AB], is 65 m and the angle between these two sides is 60.
(a)

Use the cosine rule to calculate the length of the third side of the field.
(3)

(b)

3
,
Given that sin 60 = 2 find the area of the field in the form p 3 where p is an integer.
(3)

37

Let D be a point on [BC] such that [AD] bisects the 60 angle. The farmer divides the field into
two parts A1 and A2 by constructing a straight fence [AD] of length x metres, as shown on the
diagram below.
C

m
A

3
3

A
6

(c)

(i)

65x
Show that the area of Al is given by 4 .

(ii)

Find a similar expression for the area of A2.

(iii)

Hence, find the value of x in the form q 3 , where q is an integer.

(7)

(d)

(i)
(ii)

Explain why sin ADC = sin ADB .

Use the result of part (i) and the sine rule to show that

BD 5
=
DC 8 .
(5)
(Total 18 marks)

54.

The following diagram shows a circle of centre O, and radius r. The shaded sector OACB has an
2
area of 27 cm . Angle AOB = = 1.5 radians.
A
C
B
r
O

(a)

Find the radius.

(b)

Calculate the length of the minor arc ACB.

Working:

Answers:
(a) ..
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

39

55.

x +
9.
Consider y = sin

(a)

(b)

The graph of y intersects the x-axis at point A. Find the x-coordinate of A, where
0 x .
x +
1
9

Solve the equation sin

= 2 , for 0 x 2 .

Working:

Answers:
(a) ..
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

56.

The diagram shows a triangular region formed by a hedge [AB], a part of a river bank [AC] and

a fence [BC]. The hedge is 17 m long and BAC is 29. The end of the fence, point C, can be
positioned anywhere along the river bank.
(a)

Given that point C is 15 m from A, find the length of the fence [BC].
1

A
2

r i v

e r

a n

B
(b)

(3)

The farmer has another, longer fence. It is possible for him to enclose two different

triangular regions with this fence. He places the fence so that ABC is 85.
(i)

Find the distance from A to C.

(ii)

Find the area of the region ABC with the fence in this position.
(5)

(c)

To form the second region, he moves the fencing so that point C is closer to point A.
Find the new distance from A to C.
(4)

(d)

Find the minimum length of fence [BC] needed to enclose a triangular region ABC.
(2)
(Total 14 marks)

57.

1
Let f(x) = 2 sin2x + cos x for 0 x 2 .
(a)

(i)

Find f (x).
2

One way of writing f (x) is 2 sin x sinx + 1.

2

(ii)

Factorize 2sin x + sinx 1.

(iii)

Hence or otherwise, solve f (x) = 0.

(6)

The graph of y = f(x) is shown below.

y

A
a

2 x

B
There is a maximum point at A and a minimum point at B.
(b)

Write down the x-coordinate of point A.

(1)

(c)

The region bounded by the graph, the x-axis and the lines x = a and x = b is shaded in the
diagram above.
(i)

Write down an expression that represents the area of this shaded region.

(ii)

Calculate the area of this shaded region.

(5)
(Total 12 marks)

41