MATH AA HL

Practice Worksheet

Geometry and trigonometry

Find the volume.
1. The diagram shows a tangent, (TP), to the circle with centre O and radius r. The size of
PÔA is θ radians.

(a) Find the area of triangle AOP in terms of r and θ.

(1)

(b) Find the area of triangle POT in terms of r and θ.

 (2)

(c) Using your results from part (a) and part (b), show that sin θ < θ < tan θ.
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Answer

1 2
(a) area of AOP = r sin θ A1
2
(b) TP = r tan θ (M1)
1
area of POT = r(r tan θ)
2
1
= r2 tan θ A1
2
1 2
(c) area of sector OAP = r θ A1
2
area of triangle OAP < area of sector OAP < area of triangle POT R1
1 2 1 1
r sin   r 2  r 2 tan 
2 2 2
sin θ < θ < tan θ AG

2. The radius of the circle with centre C is 7 cm and the radius of the circle with centre D is 5
cm. If the length of the chord [AB] is 9 cm, find the area of the shaded region enclosed by
the two arcs AB.

Answer
  4.5 
α = 2 arcsin  ( α = 1.396... = 80.010° ...) M1(A1)
 7 
 4.5 
β = 2 arcsin  ( β = 2.239... = 128.31°...) (A1)
 5 
Note: Allow use of cosine rule.
1
area P = × 72 × (α – sin α) = 10.08... M1(A1)
2
1
area Q = × 52 × (β – sin β) = 18.18... (A1)
2
Note: The M1 is for an attempt at area of sector minus area of triangle.
Note: The use of degrees correctly converted is acceptable.
area = 28.3(cm2) A1
[7]

3. The diagram below shows two concentric circles with centre O and radii 2 cm and 4 cm.
π
The points P and Q lie on the larger circle and PÔQ = x, where 0 < x < .
2
 diagram not to scale

(a) Show that the area of the shaded region is 8 sin x – 2x.
(3)

(b) Find the maximum area of the shaded region.

(4)
Answer
(a) shaded area = area of triangle – area of sector, i.e. (M1)
1 2  1 2 
  4 sin x    2 x  = 8 sin x – 2x A1A1AG
2  2 
(b) EITHER
any method from GDC gaining x ≈ 1.32 (M1)(A1)
maximum value for given domain is 5.11 A2
OR
dA
= 8cosx – 2 A1
dx
dA
set = 0, hence 8 cos x – 2 = 0 M1
dx
1
cos x =  x ≈ 1.32 A1
4
hence Amax = 5.11 A1
[7]

4. Triangle ABC has AB = 5cm, BC = 6 cm and area 10 cm2.

(a) Find sin B̂ .

(2)

(b) Hence, find the two possible values of AC, giving your answers correct to two
decimal places.
(4)
(Total 6 marks)

Answer
1
(a) area = × BC × AB × sin B (M1)
2
 1 
10   5  6  sin B 
 2 
2
sin Bˆ  A1
3
 5
(b) cos B = ± (= ±0.7453...) or B = 41.8... and 138.1... (A1)
3
AC2 = BC2 + AB2 – 2 × BC × AB × cos B (M1)
5 2  6 2  2  5  6  0.7453... or 5 2  6 2  2  5  6  0.7453...
AC =
AC = 4.03 or 10.28 A1A1
[6]

6. In the right circular cone below, O is the centre of the base which has radius 6 cm.
The points B and C are on the circumference of the base of the cone. The height AO of the
cone is 8 cm and the angle BÔC is 60°.

diagram not to scale

Calculate the size of the angle BÂC .

Answer
AC = AB = 10 (cm) A1
triangle OBC is equilateral (M1)
BC = 6 (cm) A1
EITHER
3
BÂC  2 arcsin M1A1
10
BÂC = 34.9° (accept 0.609 radians) A1
OR
 10 2  10 2  6 2 164
cos BÂC   M1A1
2  10  10 200
BÂC
= 34.9° (accept 0.609 radians) A1

7. Solve the following system of equations.

logx+1 y = 2
1
logy+1 x =
4

Answer
logx+1 y = 2
1
logy+1 x =
4
2
so (x + 1) = y A1
1
(y  1) 4 =x A1
EITHER
x4 – 1 = (x + 1)2 M1
x = –1, not possible R1
x = 1.70, y = 7.27 A1A1
OR
1
( x 2  2 x  2) 4 – x = 0 M1
attempt to solve or graph of LHS M1
x = 1.70, y = 7.27 A1A1

8. Find the sum of all three-digit natural numbers that are not exactly divisible by 3.

Answer
(100 + 101 + 102 + ... + 999) – (102 + 105 + ... + 999) (M1)
900 300
= (100  999 )  (102  999 ) M1A1A1
2 2
= 329 400 A1 N5
Note: A variety of other acceptable methods may be seen including
300 600
for example (201  1995 ) or (100  998 ) .
2 2

n
 x
9. When 1   , n  , is expanded in ascending powers of x, the coefficient of x3 is 70.
 2

(a) Find the value of n.

(5)
 (b) Hence, find the coefficient of x2.

Answer

 n  1 
3

(a) coefficient of x3 is    = 70 M1(A1)

 3  2 
n! 1
 = 70 (A1)
3! (n  3)! 8
n( n  1)( n  2)
 = 70 (M1)
48
n = 16 A1

16  1 
2

(b)    = 30 A1
 2  2 

10. A sum of $ 5000 is invested at a compound interest rate of 6.3 % per annum.

(a) Write down an expression for the value of the investment after n full years.
(1)

(b) What will be the value of the investment at the end of five years?
(1)

(c) The value of the investment will exceed $10 000 after n full years.

(i) Write an inequality to represent this information.

(ii) Calculate the minimum value of n.

Answer

(a) 5000(1.063)n A1 N1
(b) Value = $ 5000(1.063)5 (= $ 6786.3511…)
= $ 6790 to 3 s.f. (accept $ 6786, or $ 6786.35) A1 N1
(c) (i) 5000(1.063)n >10 000 (or (1 .063)n > 2) A1 N1
(ii) Attempting to solve the above inequality n log (1.063) > log 2 (M1)
n > 11.345... (A1)
12 years A1 N3
Note: Candidates are likely to use TABLE or LIST on a GDC to
find n. A good way of communicating this is suggested below.
Let y = 1.063x (M1)
When x = 11, y = 1.9582, when x = 12, y = 2.0816 (A1)
x = 12 i.e. 12 years A1 N3

11. The diagram shows the graph of y = f(x). The graph has a horizontal asymptote at y = 2.
 1
(a) Sketch the graph of y = .
f ( x)
(3)

(b) Sketch the graph of y = x f(x).

(3)
Answer
(a)

A3
Note: Award A1 for each correct branch with position of asymptotes
clearly indicated. If x = 2 is not indicated, only penalise once.
 (b)

A3
Note: Award A1 for behaviour at x = 0, A1 for intercept at x = 2,
A1 for behaviour for large │x│.
[6]

12. Find the set of values of x for which │x – 1│>│2x – 1│.

(Total 4 marks)
Answer
EITHER
│x – 1│ > │2x – 1│  (x – 1)2 > (2x – 1)2 M1
x2 – 2x + 1 > 4x2 – 4x + 1
3x2 – 2x < 0 A1
2
0<x< A1A1 N2
3
Note: Award A1A0 for incorrect inequality signs.
OR
│x – 1│ > │2x – 1│
x – 1 = 2x – 1 x – 1 = 1 – 2x M1A1
–x = 0 3x = 2
2
x=0 x=
3
Note: Award M1 for any attempt to find a critical value. If graphical
methods are used, award M1 for correct graphs, A1 for correct
values of x.
2
0<x< A1A1 N2
3
13Solve the equations

x
ln 1
y
ln x3 + ln y2 = 5.

Answer

 x
ln y  1 ln x  ln y  1
  M1A1
ln x 3  ln y 2  5 3 ln x  2 ln y  5

solve simultaneously
 7
ln x  5
 M1
ln y  2
 5
7 2

x= e5 (= 4.06) and y = e 5
(= 1.49) A1A1
OR
x
ln =1
y
 x = ey A1
ln x3 + ln y2 = 5
ln x3y2 = 5
x3y2 = e5 M1
e3y5 = e5
y5 = e2 M1
2 7

y= e5 ,x e5 A1A1

14. The functions f and g are defined as:

2
f (x) = e , x  0
x

1
g (x) = , x   3.
x 3

(a) Find h (x) where h (x) = g ◦ f (x).

(2)

(b) State the domain of h−1 (x).

(2)

(c) Find h−1 (x).

Answer

, x  0
1
(a) h (x) = g ◦ f (x) = (M1)A1
x2
e 3

1
(b) 0<x A1A1
4
Note: Award A1 for limits and A1 for correct inequality signs.
1
(c) y 2
ex 3
2
ye x  3 y 1 M1
2 1 3 y
ex  A1
y

1 3 y
x2 = ln M1
y

1 3y
x= ln
y

1  3x  
 h1 (x) = ln   ln  1  3   A1
x  x  


14. The diagram below shows a quadrilateral ABCD with obtuse angles AB̂C and AD̂C .

diagram not to scale

AB = 5 cm, BC = 4 cm, CD = 4 cm, AD = 4 cm, BÂC = 30°, AB̂C = x°, AD̂C = y°.

(a) Use the cosine rule to show that AC = 41 40 cos x .

(1)
 (b) Use the sine rule in triangle ABC to find another expression for AC.
(2)

(c) (i) Hence, find x, giving your answer to two decimal places.

(ii) Find AC.

(6)

(d) (i) Find y.

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the area of triangle ACD.

(5)
(Total 14 marks)

Answer
(a) correct substitution A1
e.g. 25 + 16 – 40cos x, 52 + 42 – 2 × 4 × 5 cosx
AC = 41 40 cos x AG
(b) correct substitution A1
AC 4 1
e.g.  , AC = 4 sin x
sin x sin 30 2
 4 sin x 
AC = 8 sin x  accept  A1
 sin 30 
N1
(c) (i) evidence of appropriate approach using AC M1
e.g. 8 sin x = 41 40 cos x , sketch showing intersection
correct solution 8.682..., 111.317... (A1)
obtuse value 111.317... (A1)
x = 111.32 to 2 dp (do not accept the radian answer 1.94) A1
N2
(ii) substituting value of x into either expression for AC (M1)
e.g. AC = 8 sin 111.32
AC = 7.45 A1
N2
(d) (i) evidence of choosing cosine rule (M1)
a2  c2  b2
e.g. cos B =
2ac
correct substitution A1
4 2  4 2  7.45 2
e.g. , 7.452 = 32 – 32 cos y, cos y = –0.734...
2 4 4
y = 137 A1
N2
 (ii) correct substitution into area formula (A1)
1
e.g. 2 × 4 × 4 × sin 137, 8 sin 137
area = 5.42 A1
N2
[14]

16. The diagram shows two concentric circles with centre O.

diagram not to scale

The radius of the smaller circle is 8 cm and the radius of the larger circle is 10 cm.
π
Points A, B and C are on the circumference of the larger circle such that AÔB is radians.
3

(a) Find the length of the arc ACB.

(2)

(b) Find the area of the shaded region.

(4)
Answer
(a) correct substitution in l = rθ (A1)
 1
e.g. 10 × , × 2π × 10
3 6
20 π  10 π 
arc length =   A1
6  3 
N2
1 π  100 π 
(b) area of large sector = 10 2     (A1)
2 3 6 
 1 2 π  64 π 
area of small sector = 8    (A1)
2 3 6 
evidence of valid approach (seen anywhere) M1
1 π
e.g. subtracting areas of two sectors,  (10  8 )
2 2
2 3
 36π 
area shaded = 6π  accept , etc. A1
 6 
N3

17. The circle shown has centre O and radius 3.9 cm.

diagram not to scale

Points A and B lie on the circle and angle AOB is 1.8 radians.

(a) Find AB.

(3)

(b) Find the area of the shaded region.

Answer
(a) METHOD 1
choosing cosine rule (M1)
substituting correctly A1
e.g. AB = 3.9 2  3.9 2  2(3.9)(3.9) cos 1.8
AB = 6.11(cm) A1
N2
METHOD 2
evidence of approach involving right-angled triangles (M1)
substituting correctly A1
 x 1
e.g. sin 0.9 = , AB = 3.9 sin 0.9
3 .9 2
AB = 6.11 (cm) A1
N2
METHOD 3
choosing the sine rule (M1)
substituting correctly A1
sin 0.670 ... sin 1.8
e.g. 
3.9 AB
AB = 6.11 (cm) A1
N2
(b) METHOD 1

reflex AÔB = 2π – 1.8 (= 4.4832) (A2)

1
correct substitution A = (3.9)2(4.4832...) A1
2
area = 34.1 (cm2) A1
N2
METHOD 2
finding area of circle A = π(3.9)2 (= 47.78...) (A1)
1
finding area of (minor) sector A = (3.9)2(1.8) (= 13.68...) (A1)
2
subtracting M1
e.g. π(3.9)2 – 0.5(3.9)2(1.8), 47.8 – 13.7
area = 34.1 (cm2) A1
N2
METHOD 3
finding reflex AÔB = 2π – 1.8 (= 4.4832) (A2)
finding proportion of total area of circle A1
2 π  1 .8 
e.g.  π (3.9) 2 ,  πr 2
2π 2π
area = 34.1 (cm) A1
N2
[7]

19. A ship leaves port A on a bearing of 030°. It sails a distance of 25 km to point B.

At B, the ship changes direction to a bearing of 100°. It sails a distance of 40 km to reach
point C. This information is shown in the diagram below.
 diagram not to scale

A second ship leaves port A and sails directly to C.

(a) Find the distance the second ship will travel.

(4)

(b) Find the bearing of the course taken by the second ship.

Answer

(a) finding AB̂C = 110° (= 1.92 radians) (A1)

evidence of choosing cosine rule (M1)
e.g. AC2 = AB2 + BC2 – 2(AB)(BC) cos AB̂C
correct substitution A1
e.g. AC2 = 252 + 402 – 2(25)(40) cos 110°
AC = 53.9 (km) A1 N3
(b) METHOD 1
correct substitution into the sine rule A1
sin BÂC sin 110 
e.g. 
40 53 .9
BÂC = 44.2° A1
bearing = 074° A1 N1
METHOD 2
correct substitution into the cosine rule A1
40 2  25 2  53 .9 2
e.g. cos BÂC 
 2(25 )(53 .9)
BÂC = 44.3° A1
bearing = 074° A1 N1

20A sum of $5000 is invested at a compound interest rate of 6.3% per annum.
 (a) Write down an expression for the value of the investment after n full years.

(b) What will be the value of the investment at the end of five years?

(c) The value of the investment will exceed $10000 after n full years,

(i) Write down an inequality to represent this information.

(ii) Calculate the minimum value of n.

Answer
(a) 5000(1.063)n A1 1
(b) Value = $5000(1.063)5 (= $6786.3511...)
= $6790 to 3 sf (Accept $6786, or $6786.35) A1 1
(c) (i) 5000(1.063)n > 10000 or (1.063)n > 2 A1 1
(ii) Attempting to solve the inequality «log (1.063) > log 2 (M1)
n > 11.345... (A1)
12 years A1 3
Note: Candidates are likely to use TABLE or LIST
on a GDC to find n. A good way of communicating
this is suggested below.
Let y = 1.063x (M1)
When x = 11, y = 1.9582, when x = 12, y = 2.0816 (A1)
x = 12 ie 12 years
21

Ashley and Billie are swimmers training for a competition.

(a) Ashley trains for 12 hours in the first week. She decides to increase the amount of time
she spends training by 2 hours each week. Find the total number of hours she spends
training during the first 15 weeks.
(3)

(b) Billie also trains for 12 hours in the first week. She decides to train for 10% longer
each week than the previous week.

(i) Show that in the third week she trains for 14.52 hours.

(ii) Find the total number of hours she spends training during the first 15 weeks.
(4)

(c) In which week will the time Billie spends training first exceed 50 hours?

Answer
(a) Ashley
AP 12 + 14 + 16 + ... to 15 terms (M1)
 15
S15 = [2(12) + 14(2)] (M1)
2
= 15 × 26
= 390 hours (A1) 3
(b) Billie
GP 12, 12(1.1), 12(1.1)2… (M1)
(i) In week 3, 12(1.1)2 (A1)
= 14.52 hours (AG)

12[1.1 – 1]
15

(ii) S15 = (M1)

1 .1 – 1
= 381 hours (3 sf) (A1) 4
(c) 12 (1.1)n–1 > 50 (M1)
50
(1.1)n–1 > (A1)
12
50
(n – 1) ln 1.1 > ln
12
50
ln
n–1> 12 (A1)
ln 1.1
n – 1 > 14.97
n > 15.97
 Week 16 (A1)
OR
12(1.1)n–1 > 50 (M1)
By trial and error
12(1.1)14 = 45.6, 12(1.1)15 = 50.1 (A1)
 n – l = 15 (A1)
 n = 16 (Week 16) (A1) 4
[11]

22. Let f(x) = log3 x , for x > 0.

(a) Show that f–1(x) = 32x.

(2)

(b) Write down the range of f–1.

(1)

Let g(x) = log3 x, for x > 0.

(c) Find the value of (f –1 ° g)(2), giving your answer as an integer.

Answer
(a) interchanging x and y (seen anywhere) (M1)
e.g. x = log y (accept any base)
evidence of correct manipulation A1
1
1
e.g. 3x = y ,3y  x 2 , x  log3 y, 2y = log3 x
2
f–1(x) = 32x AG
N0
(b) y > 0, f–1(x) > 0 A1
N1
(c) METHOD 1
finding g(2) = log3 2 (seen anywhere) A1
attempt to substitute (M1)
e.g. (f–1 ° g)(2) = 3 3
log 2

evidence of using log or index rule (A1)

log3 2 2
e.g. (f–1 ° g)(2) = 3 3 , 3
log 4

(f–1 ° g)(2) = 4 A1
N1
METHOD 2
attempt to form composite (in any order) (M1)
e.g. (f–1 ° g)(x) = 3 3
2 log x

evidence of using log or index rule (A1)

–1 log3 x 2 log3 x 2
e.g.(f ° g)(x) = 3 ,3
(f–1 ° g)(x) = x2 A1
–1
(f ° g)(2) = 4 A1
N1
[7]

23

An arithmetic sequence is defined as

un = 135 + 7n, n = 1, 2, 3, …

(a) Calculate u1, the first term in the sequence.

(2)

(b) Show that the common difference is 7.

(2)
 Sn is the sum of the first n terms of the sequence.

(c) Find an expression for Sn. Give your answer in the form Sn = An2 + Bn, where A and B
are constants.
(3)

The first term, v1, of a geometric sequence is 20 and its fourth term v4 is 67.5.

(d) Show that the common ratio, r, of the geometric sequence is 1.5.
(2)

Tn is the sum of the first n terms of the geometric sequence.

(e) Calculate T7, the sum of the first seven terms of the geometric sequence.
(2)

(f) Use your graphic display calculator to find the smallest value of n for which Tn > Sn.

Answer
(a) u1 = 135 + 7(1) (M1)
= 142 (A1)(G2)
(b) u2 = 135 + 7(2) = 149 (M1)
d = 149 – 142 OR alternatives (M1)(ft)
d=7 (AG)
n[ 2(142 )  7( n  1)]
(c) Sn = (M1)(ft)
2
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution in correct
formula.
n[ 277  7 n]
= OR equivalent (A1)
2
7n 2 277 n
=  (= 3.5n2 + 138.5n) (A1)(G3)
2 2
(d) 20r3 = 67.5 (M1)
3 3
r = 3.375 OR r = 3.375 (A1)
r = 1.5 (AG)
20 (1.5 7  1)
(e) T7 = (M1)
(1.5  1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution in correct
formula.
= 643 (accept 643.4375) (A1)(G2)
20 (1.5 n  1) 7 n 2 277 n
(f)   (M1)
(1.5  1) 2 2
 Note: Award (M1) for an attempt using lists or for relevant
graph.
n = 10 (A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: Follow through from their (c).
[13]