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  • Newton's Rings

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    Ahsan Latif Abbasi
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    Newton's rings are an interference pattern produced when light reflects between a spherical and flat surface, such as a lens and glass slide. The pattern appears as concentric alternating bright and dark rings centered where the surfaces meet. The rings are caused by constructive and destructive interference of light reflecting off the surfaces. The experiment can be used to determine the wavelength of light, refractive index of materials, and thickness of thin films. Future applications could include developing lenses or glass coatings to prevent Newton's rings from interfering with photography.

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    Basic info about newton's rings

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    Newton's rings are an interference pattern produced when light reflects between a spherical and flat surface, such as a lens and glass slide. The pattern appears as concentric alternating bright and dark rings centered where the surfaces meet. The rings are caused by constructive and destructive interference of light reflecting off the surfaces. The experiment can be used to determine the wavelength of light, refractive index of materials, and thickness of thin films. Future applications could include developing lenses or glass coatings to prevent Newton's rings from interfering with photography.

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    191 views3 pages

    Newton's Rings

    Uploaded by

    Ahsan Latif Abbasi
    Newton's rings are an interference pattern produced when light reflects between a spherical and flat surface, such as a lens and glass slide. The pattern appears as concentric alternating bright and dark rings centered where the surfaces meet. The rings are caused by constructive and destructive interference of light reflecting off the surfaces. The experiment can be used to determine the wavelength of light, refractive index of materials, and thickness of thin films. Future applications could include developing lenses or glass coatings to prevent Newton's rings from interfering with photography.

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    AHSAN LATIF ABBASI

    EE-1012
    EE-1 A
    APPLIED PHYSICS
    LAB ASSIGNMENT 1

    NEWTONS RINGS

    HOW ARE NEWTONS RINGS PRODUCED?

    Newton's rings is a phenomenon in which an interference pattern is created by


    the reflection of light between two surfaces a spherical surface and an
    adjacent flat surface.
    It is named after Isaac Newton, who first studied them in 1717.
    When viewed with monochromatic light, Newton's rings appear as a series of
    concentric, alternating bright and dark rings centered at the point of contact
    between the two surfaces. When viewed with white light, it forms a concentricring pattern of rainbow colors, because the different wavelengths of light
    interfere at different thicknesses of the air layer between the surfaces.
    The light rings are caused by constructive interference between the light rays
    reflected from both surfaces, while the dark rings are caused by destructive
    interference. Also, the outer rings are spaced more closely than the inner ones.
    Moving outwards from one dark ring to the next, for example, increases the
    path difference by the same amount, , corresponding to the same increase of
    thickness of the air layer, /2. Since the slope of the convex lens surface
    increases outwards, separation of the rings gets smaller for the outer rings.
    For surfaces that are not convex, the fringes will not be rings but will have other
    shapes.
    The radius of the Nth Newton's bright ring is given by

    where

    is the radius of Nth bright ring, N is the bright-ring number, R is the

    radius of curvature of the lens the light is passing through, and


    wavelength of the light passing through the glass.

    is the

    IMPORTANCE OF NEWTONS RINGS


    Using the method of Newtons rings, the wavelength of a given monochromatic
    source of light can be determined. It can also be used to calculate the refractive
    index of a liquid when light travels from air to that liquid.
    The Newtons rings experiment can be used to determine the thickness of a thin
    film.

    A travelling microscope, a Plano convex lens, a plain glass plate (optically flat),
    a reflector, sodium light source, a thin film whose thickness is to be measured
    (may be a strip of paper) are required for the experiment to be carried out.
    First, turn on the sodium lamp. Then place the Plano convex lens on the plain
    glass plate with curved surface in contact with the glass plate and place this
    system inside a reflector located under a travelling microscope. Use a reflector
    to direct light onto the optical system. Adjust the inclination of the reflector to
    get maximum brightness (or the height of the lamp). Focus the travelling
    microscope to see the bright and dark circular fringes (Newton's
    rings). Carefully insert the thin film (say a paper strip), of thickness t, between
    the Plano convex lens and the plane glass plate until the paper stops
    moving. Then look through the microscope. Start from the central dark spot and
    count the number of dark fringes (or bright fringes) to the fringe that is adjacent
    to the thin film. Generally for ordinary paper samples, the number of fringes are
    of
    the
    order
    of
    175
    to
    230.
    For dark fringes, Destructive interference occurs when the path difference,
    where is the wavelength and n is an integer. This simplifies to
    For bright fringes, Constructive interference occurs when the path difference,
    which simplifies to

    FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF NEWTONS RINGS


    Sometimes you can cause Newton's Rings to occur when taking pictures by
    placing a filter in front of the lens (flat surface of the filter, convex surface of
    the first lens element). Most of the times, they are produced while shooting at
    night and pointing at bright things (street lamps, the moon, etc.).
    Anti-Newton glass is used to remove such effects and it does well to remove it
    when scanning a negative, usually medium and large format negatives. But, in
    photography, it still interferes so in the future, an advanced lens or glass could
    be developed to help in this case.

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