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    Answer Jarkomm

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    IDnez Ndy
    Sequence numbers allow the receiver to distinguish new packets from retransmissions. Timers are used to detect packet losses, as if the ACK for a sent packet is not received before the timer expires, the packet is assumed lost and retransmitted. Even if the roundtrip delay is known, timers would still be needed in RDT 3.0 to detect losses, as the ACK could still be in transit when the timer expires so retransmission is required.

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    Answer Jarkomm

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    IDnez Ndy
    369 views2 pages
    Sequence numbers allow the receiver to distinguish new packets from retransmissions. Timers are used to detect packet losses, as if the ACK for a sent packet is not received before the timer expires, the packet is assumed lost and retransmitted. Even if the roundtrip delay is known, timers would still be needed in RDT 3.0 to detect losses, as the ACK could still be in transit when the timer expires so retransmission is required.

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    Sequence numbers allow the receiver to distinguish new packets from retransmissions. Timers are used to detect packet losses, as if the ACK for a sent packet is not received before the timer expires, the packet is assumed lost and retransmitted. Even if the roundtrip delay is known, timers would still be needed in RDT 3.0 to detect losses, as the ACK could still be in transit when the timer expires so retransmission is required.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    369 views2 pages

    Answer Jarkomm

    Uploaded by

    IDnez Ndy
    Sequence numbers allow the receiver to distinguish new packets from retransmissions. Timers are used to detect packet losses, as if the ACK for a sent packet is not received before the timer expires, the packet is assumed lost and retransmitted. Even if the roundtrip delay is known, timers would still be needed in RDT 3.0 to detect losses, as the ACK could still be in transit when the timer expires so retransmission is required.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    In our rdt protocols, why did we need to introduce sequence numbers?

    Sequence numbers are required for a receiver to find out whether an arriving packet contains
    new data or is a retransmission.

    In our rdt protocols, why did we need to introduce timers?


    Timers are used to handle losses in the channel. If the ACK for a transmitted packet is not
    received within the duration of the timer for the packet, the packet (or its ACK or NACK) is
    assumed to have been lost. Hence, the packet is retransmitted.

    Suppose that the roundtrip delay between sender and receiver is constant and
    known to the sender. Would a timer still be necessary in protocol rdt 3.0,
    assuming that packets can be lost? Explain.
    A timer would still be necessary in the protocol rdt 3.0. If the round trip time is known then
    the only advantage will be that, the sender knows for sure that either the packet or the ACK
    (or NACK) for the packet has been lost, as compared to the real scenario, where the ACK (or
    NACK) might still be on the way to the sender, after the timer expires. However, to detect the
    loss, for each packet, a timer of constant duration will still be necessary at the sender.
    Visit the Go-Back-N Java applet at the companion Web site.
    a. Have the source send five packets, and then pause the animation before any
    of the five packets reach the destination. Then kill the first packet and resume
    the animation. Describe what happens.
    b. Repeat the experiment, but now let the first packet reach the destination and
    kill the first acknowledgment. Describe again what happens.
    c. Finally, try sending six packets. What happens?

    a) The packet loss caused a time out after which all the five packets were retransmitted.
    b) Loss of an ACK didn't trigger any retransmission as Go-Back-N uses cumulative
    acknowledgements.
    c) The sender was unable to send sixth packet as the send window size is fixed to 5.
    Repeat R12, but now with the Selective Repeat Java applet. How are Selective
    Repeat and Go-Back-N different?

    a) When the packet was lost, the received four packets were buffered the receiver. After the
    timeout, sender retransmitted the lost packet and receiver delivered the buffered packets to
    application in correct order.
    b) Duplicate ACK was sent by the receiver for the lost ACK.

    c) The sender was unable to send sixth packet as the send window size is fixed to 5
    When a packet was lost, GO-Back-N retransmitted all the packets whereas Selective Repeat
    retransmitted the lost packet only. In case of lost acknowledgement, selective repeat sent a
    duplicate ACK and as GO-Back-N used cumulative acknowledgment, so that duplicate ACK
    was unnecessary.

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