C4

Worksheet A

DIFFERENTIATION
A curve is given by the parametric equations
x = t 2 + 1, y =

4
t

a Write down the coordinates of the point on the curve where t = 2.

b Find the value of t at the point on the curve with coordinates ( 54 , 8).
2

A curve is given by the parametric equations

x = 1 + sin t, y = 2 cos t, 0 t < 2.
a Write down the coordinates of the point on the curve where t =

b Find the value of t at the point on the curve with coordinates ( 32 , 3 ).

3

Find a cartesian equation for each curve, given its parametric equations.
1
t

a x = 3t, y = t 2

b x = 2t, y =

c x = t 3, y = 2t 2

d x = 1 t 2, y = 4 t

e x = 2t 1, y =

2
t2

f x=

1
,
t 1

y=

1
2t

A curve has parametric equations

x = 2t + 1, y = t2.
a Find a cartesian equation for the curve.
b Hence, sketch the curve.

Find a cartesian equation for each curve, given its parametric equations.
a x = cos , y = sin

b x = sin , y = cos 2
2

d x = 2 sec , y = 4 tan
6

e x = sin , y = sin 2

c x = 3 + 2 cos , y = 1 + 2 sin
f x = cos , y = tan2

A circle has parametric equations

x = 1 + 3 cos , y = 4 + 3 sin , 0 < 2.
a Find a cartesian equation for the circle.
b Write down the coordinates of the centre and the radius of the circle.
c Sketch the circle and label the points on the circle where takes each of the following values:
0,

3
4

, ,

5
4

3
2

7
4

Write down parametric equations for a circle

a centre (0, 0), radius 5,
b centre (6, 1), radius 2,
c centre (a, b), radius r, where a, b and r are constants and r > 0.

For each curve given by parametric equations, find a cartesian equation and hence, sketch the
curve, showing the coordinates of any points where it meets the coordinate axes.
a x = 2t, y = 4t(t 1)

b x = 1 sin , y = 2 cos , 0 < 2

c x = t 3, y = 4 t2

d x = t + 1, y =
Solomon Press

2
t

C4
1

Worksheet B

DIFFERENTIATION
A curve is given by the parametric equations
x = 2 + t, y = t 2 1.
dx
dy
a Write down expressions for
and
.
dt
dt
dy
= 2t.
b Hence, show that
dx

dy
in terms of the parameter t in each case.
dx
b x = t 2 1, y = 2t 3 + t 2
c x = 2 sin t, y = 6 cos t

Find and simplify an expression for

a x = t 2, y = 3t
d x = 3t 1, y = 2

1
t

g x = sin2 t, y = cos3 t
3

e x = cos 2t, y = sin t

f x = et + 1, y = e2t 1

h x = 3 sec t, y = 5 tan t

x=

1
,
t +1

y=

t
t 1

Find, in the form y = mx + c, an equation for the tangent to the given curve at the point with the
given value of the parameter t.
a x = t 3, y = 3t 2,

t=1

c x = 2 sin t, y = 1 4 cos t,

t=

b x = 1 t 2, y = 2t t 2,

t=2

d x = ln (4 t), y = t 2 5,

t=3

Show that the normal to the curve with parametric equations

x = sec , y = 2 tan , 0 <
at the point where =

, has the equation

3 x + 4y = 10 3 .

A curve is given by the parametric equations

1
t

x= , y=

1
.
t+2

dy t 2
=
.
dx t + 2
b Find an equation for the normal to the curve at the point where t = 2, giving your answer in
the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.

a Show that

A curve has parametric equations

x = sin 2t, y = sin2 t, 0 t < .
dy
a Show that
= 12 tan 2t.
dx
b Find an equation for the tangent to the curve at the point where t =

A curve has parametric equations

x = 3 cos , y = 4 sin , 0 < 2.
a Show that the tangent to the curve at the point (3 cos , 4 sin ) has the equation
3y sin + 4x cos = 12.
b Hence find an equation for the tangent to the curve at the point ( 32 , 2 3 ).
Solomon Press

C4

DIFFERENTIATION

Worksheet B continued

A curve is given by the parametric equations

x = t 2, y = t(t 2), t 0.
a Find the coordinates of any points where the curve meets the coordinate axes.
dy
b Find
in terms of x
dx
dy
in terms of t,
i by first finding
dx
ii by first finding a cartesian equation for the curve.

The diagram shows the ellipse with parametric equations

x = 1 2 cos , y = 3 sin , 0 < 2.
dy
in terms of .
dx
b Find the coordinates of the points where the tangent to the curve is

a Find

parallel to the x-axis,

ii parallel to the y-axis.

10

A curve is given by the parametric equations

x = sin , y = sin 2, 0

a Find the coordinates of any points where the curve meets the coordinate axes.
b Find an equation for the tangent to the curve that is parallel to the x-axis.
c Find a cartesian equation for the curve in the form y = f(x).
11

A curve has parametric equations

x = sin2 t, y = tan t, 2 < t <

a Show that the tangent to the curve at the point where t =

passes through the origin.

b Find a cartesian equation for the curve in the form y = f(x).

12

A curve is given by the parametric equations

1
t

1
t

x = t + , y = t , t 0.
a Find an equation for the tangent to the curve at the point P where t = 3.
b Show that the tangent to the curve at P does not meet the curve again.
c Show that the cartesian equation of the curve can be written in the form
x2 y2 = k,
where k is a constant to be found.
Solomon Press

C4
1

Differentiate with respect to x

b y3

a 4y
2

Find

d 3e y

c sin 2y

dy
in terms of x and y in each case.
dx

a x2 + y2 = 2

b 2x y + y2 = 0

c y4 = x2 6x + 2

d x2 + y2 + 3x 4y = 9

e x2 2y2 + x + 3y 4 = 0

f sin x + cos y = 0

g 2e3x + e2y + 7 = 0

h tan x + cosec 2y = 1

ln (x 2) = ln (2y + 1)

Differentiate with respect to x

b x2y3

a xy
4

Worksheet C

DIFFERENTIATION

Find

d (x 2y)3

c sin x tan y

dy
in terms of x and y in each case.
dx

a x2y = 2

b x2 + 3xy y2 = 0

c 4x2 2xy + 3y2 = 8

d cos 2x sec 3y + 1 = 0

e y = (x + y)2

f xey y = 5

g 2xy2 x3y = 0

h y2 + x ln y = 3

x sin y + x2 cos y = 1

Find an equation for the tangent to each curve at the given point on the curve.
a x2 + y2 3y 2 = 0,

(2, 1)

c 4 sin y sec x = 0,

( 3 ,

b 2x2 xy + y2 = 28,

(3, 5)

d 2 tan x cos y = 1,

( 4 ,

A curve has the equation x2 + 2y2 x + 4y = 6.

dy
1 2x
=
.
4(
y + 1)
dx
b Find an equation for the normal to the curve at the point (1, 3).

a Show that

A curve has the equation x2 + 4xy 3y2 = 36.

a Find an equation for the tangent to the curve at the point P (4, 2).
Given that the tangent to the curve at the point Q on the curve is parallel to the tangent at P,
b find the coordinates of Q.

A curve has the equation y = ax, where a is a positive constant.

dy
By first taking logarithms, find an expression for
in terms of a and x.
dx

Differentiate with respect to x

a 3x

10

b 62x

c 51 x

d 2x

A biological culture is growing exponentially such that the number of bacteria present, N, at time
t minutes is given by
N = 800 (1.04)t.
Find the rate at which the number of bacteria is increasing when there are 4000 bacteria present.
Solomon Press

C4
1

Worksheet D

DIFFERENTIATION
Given that

y = x2 + 3x + 5,

and that

x = (t 4)3,

a find expressions for

dy
dx
i
in terms of x,
ii
in terms of t,
dx
dt
dy
b find the value of
when
dt
i t = 5,
ii x = 8.
2

The variables x and y are related by the equation y = x 2 x 3 .

Given that x is increasing at the rate of 0.3 units per second when x = 6, find the rate at which
y is increasing at this instant.

The radius of a circle is increasing at a constant rate of 0.2 cm s1.

a Show that the perimeter of the circle is increasing at the rate of 0.4 cm s1.
b Find the rate at which the area of the circle is increasing when the radius is 10 cm.
c Find the radius of the circle when its area is increasing at the rate of 20 cm2 s1.

The area of a circle is decreasing at a constant rate of 0.5 cm2 s1.

a Find the rate at which the radius of the circle is decreasing when the radius is 8 cm.
b Find the rate at which the perimeter of the circle is decreasing when the radius is 8 cm.

The volume of a cube is increasing at a constant rate of 3.5 cm3 s1. Find
a the rate at which the length of one side of the cube is increasing when the volume is 200 cm3,
b the volume of the cube when the length of one side is increasing at the rate of 2 mm s1.

h cm
60
The diagram shows the cross-section of a right-circular paper cone being used as a filter funnel.
The volume of liquid in the funnel is V cm3 when the depth of the liquid is h cm.
Given that the angle between the sides of the funnel in the cross-section is 60 as shown,
a show that V =

1
9

h3.

Given also that at time t seconds after liquid is put in the funnel
V = 600e0.0005t,
b show that after two minutes, the depth of liquid in the funnel is approximately 11.7 cm,
c find the rate at which the depth of liquid is decreasing after two minutes.
Solomon Press

C4
1

Worksheet E

DIFFERENTIATION
A curve has the equation
3x2 + xy y2 + 9 = 0.
dy
Find an expression for
in terms of x and y.
dx

(5)

A curve has parametric equations

x = a cos , y = a(sin ), 0 < ,
where a is a positive constant.
dy

a Show that
= tan .
2
dx
b Find, in terms of a, an equation for the tangent to the curve at the point where it
crosses the y-axis.

(5)
(3)

The diagram shows the curve with parametric equations

x = cos , y =

1
2

sin 2, 0 < 2.

dy
in terms of .
dx
b Find the two values of for which the curve passes through the origin.

(2)

c Show that the two tangents to the curve at the origin are perpendicular to each other.

(2)

d Find a cartesian equation for the curve.

(4)

a Find

(3)

A curve has the equation

x2 4xy + y2 = 24.
dy
x 2y
=
.
2x y
dx
b Find an equation for the tangent to the curve at the point P (2, 10).

a Show that

(4)
(3)

The tangent to the curve at Q is parallel to the tangent at P.

c Find the coordinates of Q.
5

(4)

A curve is given by the parametric equations

x = t 2 + 2, y = t(t 1).
a Find the coordinates of any points on the curve where the tangent to the curve is
parallel to the x-axis.

(5)

b Show that the tangent to the curve at the point (3, 2) has the equation
3x 2y = 5.

(5)
Solomon Press

C4

DIFFERENTIATION

Worksheet E continued

Find an equation for the normal to the curve with equation

x3 3x + xy 2y2 + 3 = 0
at the point (1, 1).
Give your answer in the form y = mx + c.

(7)

h cm

The diagram shows the cross-section of a vase. The volume of water in the vase, V cm3,
when the depth of water in the vase is h cm is given by
V = 40(e0.1h 1).
The vase is initially empty and water is poured into it at a constant rate of 80 cm3 s1.
Find the rate at which the depth of water in the vase is increasing

a when h = 4,

(5)

b after 5 seconds of pouring water in.

(4)

A curve is given by the parametric equations

x=
a Show that

t
1+ t

, y=

t
1 t

, t 1.

dy 1 + t 2
=
.
dx 1 t

(4)

b Show that the normal to the curve at the point P, where t =

1
2

, has the equation

3x + 27y = 28.

(4)

The normal to the curve at P meets the curve again at the point Q.
c Find the exact value of the parameter t at Q.
9

(4)

A curve has the equation

2x + x2y y2 = 0.
Find the coordinates of the point on the curve where the tangent is parallel to the x-axis.

10

(8)

A curve has parametric equations

x = a sec , y = 2a tan , 2 <

where a is a positive constant.

dy
a Find
in terms of .
dx
b Show that the normal to the curve at the point where =

(3)

x + 2 2 y = 5 2 a.

has the equation

(4)

c Find a cartesian equation for the curve in the form y = f(x).

Solomon Press

(3)

C4
1

Worksheet F

DIFFERENTIATION
A curve has parametric equations
x = t 2, y =

2
t

dy
in terms of t.
dx
b Find an equation for the normal to the curve at the point where t = 2, giving your
answer in the form y = mx + c.

a Find

(3)
(3)

A curve has the equation y = 4x.

Show that the tangent to the curve at the point where x = 1 has the equation
y = 4 + 8(x 1) ln 2.

(4)

A curve has parametric equations

x = sec , y = cos 2, 0 <
a Show that

dy
= 4 cos3 .
dx

(4)

b Show that the tangent to the curve at the point where =

has the equation

3 3 x + 2y = k,

where k is an integer to be found.

4

(4)

A curve has the equation

2x2 + 6xy y2 + 77 = 0
and passes through the point P (2, 5).
a Show that the normal to the curve at P has the equation
x + y + 3 = 0.

(6)

b Find the x-coordinate of the point where the normal to the curve at P intersects the
curve again.
5

(3)

The diagram shows the curve with parametric equations

x = sin , y = cos , 0 2.
a Find the exact coordinates of the points where the curve crosses the x-axis.
dy

b Show that
= cot .
2
dx
c Find the exact coordinates of the point on the curve where the tangent to the curve is
parallel to the x-axis.

Solomon Press

(3)
(5)
(2)

C4

DIFFERENTIATION

Worksheet F continued

A curve has parametric equations

x = sin , y = sec2 , 2 < <
The point P on the curve has x-coordinate

1
2

a Write down the value of the parameter at P.

(1)

b Show that the tangent to the curve at P has the equation

16x 9y + 4 = 0.

(6)

c Find a cartesian equation for the curve.

7

(2)

A curve has the equation

2 sin x tan 2y = 0.
a Show that

dy
= cos x cos2 2y.
dx

(4)

b Find an equation for the tangent to the curve at the point ( 3 ,

), giving your answer

in the form ax + by + c = 0.
8

(3)

A particle moves on the ellipse shown in the diagram such that at time t its coordinates
are given by
x = 4 cos t, y = 3 sin t, t 0.
dy
in terms of t.
dx
b Show that at time t, the tangent to the path of the particle has the equation

a Find

(3)

3x cos t + 4y sin t = 12.

(3)

c Find a cartesian equation for the path of the particle.

(3)

The curve with parametric equations

x=

t
,
t +1

y=

2t
,
t 1

passes through the origin, O.

a Show that

2
dy
t +1
= 2
.
t 1
dx

(4)

b Find an equation for the normal to the curve at O.

(2)

c Find the coordinates of the point where the normal to the curve at O meets the
curve again.

(4)

d Show that the cartesian equation of the curve can be written in the form
y=

2x
.
2x 1

(4)

Solomon Press