SPORTS MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP

SPORTS MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP

PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZING SPORTS ACTIVITIES
Organization and management of sports at the school level is an application of knowledge and
skills learned from the 1st to 4th year. Its success is dependent upon the cooperation of the overall chairman and co-chairman, who assigns the different committee chairmen and plan all the
rules prescribed for the said sport activities. There are different types of sports program in
schools that the students can participate in. These activities develop different skills of the
students and one is leadership skill.
TYPES OF SPORTS PROGRAM
A. INTRAMURAL
It is an athletic competition within four walls of the school. The word intramural came from the
word intra which means within and murus, meaning walls. In this program activities are
done within the school and all the students participate with these event. This sports program
serves as the culminating activity or application of knowledge and skills learned during the lower
year in physical education.
B. EXTRAMURALS
It is a higher level athletic competition done outside the school. Examples of extramural are
division or district level, unit or congressional level, city or provincial meet, regional meet,
national meet or palarong pambansa and international competitions.
C. PLAY DAY OR FUN DAY
These are recreational activities that are done during free time of students to showcase talents
and relax their minds from their academic activities. Examples of these are activities done during
MAPEH Week, Foundation day and feasts day. Examples of activities are dance competitions
and showcase, laro ng lahi, parlor games, etc.
TYPES OF SPORTS LEADERS
A. SPORTS PROGRAM ORGANIZATION LEADERS
a. General Manager The highest official of a sports competition.
b. Athletic Manager assist the general manager.
c. Technical Officials students or teachers who have the knowledge to officiate a certain sports
event.
d. Tournament Managers assists the athletic manager in running the different sports event.
e. Tournament Coordinators sees to it that the ground facilities and equipment are ready before
the schedule of games
f. Recorders in-charge of all official records and results of the sports competition.
Things the organization leaders should consider carefully:
Scheduling Eligibility Financing
Points distribution Awards Protest and forfeitures
Publicity Officiating officials Other activities
B. COMMITTEES
TYPE OF COMMITTEES
a. Finance and Resources Committee raises funds for the expenses of all the committees and
prepares statements of accounts at the end of the meet.

b. Program and Invitation Committee in-charge of preparing the program of activities and
invitations and sending them to all concern in due time.
c. Peace and Order Committee provides and maintains round the clock general order and
security in all the venues.
d. Physical Facilities prepares the necessary facilities and venues needed in the sports events
e. Equipment makes sure that all equipment for the sports events is available and distributed
before the competitions.
f. Prizes and Awards prepares medals, trophies, plaques, certificates,, etc. and awards the same
to the winners
g. Technical Committees investigates and decides all protests, appeals or violations regarding
the conduct of the games.
h. Accommodation Committee prepares the necessary communication and approval of the use
and readiness of the facilities and venues needed for the different events.
i. Discipline and Protest solve technical problems and decides for appropriate action.
C. OFFICIATING OFFICIALS
Officiating officials should have undergone rigid training in sports facilitating and referees
course that control and manage the conduct of games. Each official have different duties and
responsibilities depending on the sports he or she is responsibilities.
TYPES OF OFFICIALS
a. Field or Court Officials are those who run on the floor, court and field during the game /
play. They take charge of the team or an individual who infracts rules and violates the laws.
Examples are referees, umpire, linesmen, timer and judge.
b. Table Officials take care of the score sheet, game clock, stop clock and other equipments
used during the game. Examples are scorer, timekeeper, announcer and recorder.
QUALITIES OF AN OFFICIAL
1. Knowledge of the rules
2. Experience and mastery of the game
3. Physical condition of official
4. Has presence of mind
5. Good rapport with the players, coaches and co-referee
6. Good judgment
7. Practices good mechanics as signals, plays and teamwork
8. Hustles or works with fitness and comfort ability
CODE OF ETHICS FOR OFFICIALS
1. Avoid talking with the crowd any time before, during or after the game and during
intermission.
2. Dont choose or request officiating assignments.
3. Be prompt.
4. Be in good physical condition
5. Dont show off
6. Avoid an intimate relationship with coaches or teams
7. Dont criticize or explain a fellow officials decision to either coach or team
8. Dont argue with players
9. Be impartial in administering the rules
10. Sit properly on the chair while officiating and be alert and attentive all the time.
11. Dress simply, neatly, cleanly, and approximately during the match

12. See to it that the playing area is tidy and free from obstructions.
13. Adhere enthusiastically to the ideals of good sportsmanship
14. Call out the scorers clearly in an even tone of voice
15. Always have a rulebook during tournament.
D. COACHING AND COACHING STAFF
They are responsible for the development and improvement of the athletes skills. A good
coaching make a successful and champion team.
TYPES OF CAOCH
1. Strict
2. Bossy
3. Business type-coach
QUALITIES OF A GOOD AND EFFECTIVE COACH
1. Knowledge of the sports / rules
2. Communicator good speaker or listener
3. Ability to understand and handle the athletes
a. Knowledge of training and conditioning methods
b. Fair evaluation of athlete
PLANNING, DEVELOPING, IMPLIMENTING AND EVALUATING SPORTS PROGRAMS
STAGES OF PLANNING SPORTS COMPETITION
1. Planning
2. Execution
3. Evaluation
PRE-GAME ACTIVITIES
Prepare the lists of sports event to be played
List down available facilities and equipment
Prepare the entry forms of participants
Prepare the different forms to be used in each event
Prepare the guidelines for the participating team
Prepare the format for the team gallery
SCHEDULING
This is one of the most important parts in staging a sports competition is scheduling and this
should be well developed to avoid confusion. To have an organized schedule of games we use
the types of elimination. This is usually computed and done by the tournament managers.
When the number of entries is not one of the even power of 2 (ex. 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, etc..) some
teams become BYE. To determine the number of byes this formula is used BYE=P2 N; where
in P2 is next power of 2 N is the number of entries and B is the number of byes.
POWER OF 2 2=2 2.2=4 2.2.2=8 2.2.2.2=16 2.2.2.2.2=32
Example: 11 entries
16 next power of 2
B= P2 N
B=16-11
B= 5

TYPES OF ELIMINATION
A. Single elimination this elimination tournament determines the winner by eliminating the
looser in every game until there is only one contestant left. Its advantage is it is ideal for
competitions with limited allotted time and budget and there are a lot of team entries. But it is
not a fair method in determining the winner because all of the teams did not get a chance to
compete with each other. The formula is G = N-1 where N= is the number of entries and G is the
number of games.
Example 1 N= 4
No. of byes: 0
G = N-1
G=41
G=3
A. Double Elimination in this elimination every team should be defeated twice before they are
declared out of the competition. Formula used is G = 2(N-1) where in G is no. of games and N is
no. of entries. Its advantage is, it is ideal when the skills of the players are needed to consider and
there is an allotted length of time good for small number of entries. Its disadvantage it is not
ideal for many entries and limited time allotted for the competition and it is not a fair method in
determining the winner because all of the teams did not get a chance to compete with each other.
Example 1 N = 4
No. of Bye = 0
G=2(N-1)
G=2(4-1)
G=6
A.
2Round Robin in this elimination every team has the opportunity to play with each other and it
is ideal if there is enough time, facilities and budget available. It provides opportunity for each
team to compete with each other and it is a fair method in determining the winner because all the
teams had played against each other, these are the advantages of the round robin. Its
disadvantages are: not ideal if the numbers of teams are big, no sufficient time, facilities and
budget. The formula for this is G= N(N-1)
Example 1 N= 4
No. of Byes = 0
G= N(N-1)
2
G=4(4-1) = 4(3) =12
222
G= 6
ROUND 1 ROUND 2 ROUND 3
G1 1 VS 2 G3 1 VS 4 G5 1 VS 3
G2 3 VS 4 G4 2 VS 3 G6 4 VS 2

To determine the winner, there would be a record of the most wins of a team. The team who has
the most wins is the Champion Team.
Steps to break the tie in round robin
1. In case of a tie between 2 teams, the win-over-the-other rule shall apply; where in we
consider the last game between the same team and who ever won their match is considered as
champion.
2. In case of a triple tie, the quotient system shall apply. Only the scores of the three teams are
considered.
Example: A. Team A vs Team B B. Add the score of each team
68 65 Team A 68+70 = 138
Team A vs Team C Team B 65+70=135
70 68 Team C 76+68 = 144
Team C vs Team B
76 70
B.
TEAM D
TEAM C
TEAM B
TEAM ALadder Tournament this elimination is challenge elimination where in the names of
teams are placed on a ladder-like slots where in if the participants defeat their opponents 1 or 2
places above them they advances until only two remains to compete with each other. It is ideal if
there is a limited time and resources available. Its advantage is this can continue without any
coach, no one is eliminated and a true champion can be chosen over a period of time. Its
disadvantage is that the players end up competing with the same people much of the time and the
excitement of the challenge is lost.
Posted by SmartBaby at 11:10 PM
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