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    The Basic Principles of Electricity

    Uploaded by

    Gowri Shankari
    This document discusses electrical wiring systems and the basic principles of electricity. It defines key electrical concepts like voltage, current, resistance, and Ohm's Law. It also explains Kirchhoff's laws, which describe how current and voltage behave in electrical circuits. Additionally, it covers single-phase and three-phase power distribution systems commonly used to supply electricity to buildings. Finally, it briefly mentions earthing methods and types of wiring used in electrical systems.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    The Basic Principles of Electricity

    Uploaded by

    Gowri Shankari
    69 views10 pages
    This document discusses electrical wiring systems and the basic principles of electricity. It defines key electrical concepts like voltage, current, resistance, and Ohm's Law. It also explains Kirchhoff's laws, which describe how current and voltage behave in electrical circuits. Additionally, it covers single-phase and three-phase power distribution systems commonly used to supply electricity to buildings. Finally, it briefly mentions earthing methods and types of wiring used in electrical systems.

    Original Description:

    building service 2

    Original Title

    UNIT 1 Intro

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    This document discusses electrical wiring systems and the basic principles of electricity. It defines key electrical concepts like voltage, current, resistance, and Ohm's Law. It also explains Kirchhoff's laws, which describe how current and voltage behave in electrical circuits. Additionally, it covers single-phase and three-phase power distribution systems commonly used to supply electricity to buildings. Finally, it briefly mentions earthing methods and types of wiring used in electrical systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    69 views10 pages

    The Basic Principles of Electricity

    Uploaded by

    Gowri Shankari
    This document discusses electrical wiring systems and the basic principles of electricity. It defines key electrical concepts like voltage, current, resistance, and Ohm's Law. It also explains Kirchhoff's laws, which describe how current and voltage behave in electrical circuits. Additionally, it covers single-phase and three-phase power distribution systems commonly used to supply electricity to buildings. Finally, it briefly mentions earthing methods and types of wiring used in electrical systems.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 10

    UNIT I ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS: ELECTRICAL

    WIRING SYSTEMS 10
    Laws of electrical circuits: Ohms and Kichoffs Laws
    Basics of electricity Single/Three phase supply. Earthing for safety types of earthing - ISI
    specifications
    Electrical wiring systems in domestic and commercial buildings. Conduits, Types of wiring
    Diagram for connection

    The Basic Principles of Electricity

    Electricity
    Electricity, simply put, is the flow of electric current along a conductor. This electric current
    takes the form of free electrons that transfer from one atom to the next. Thus, the more free
    electrons a material has, the better it conducts. There are three primary electrical parameters: the
    volt, the ampere and the ohm.

    1. The Volt
    The pressure that is put on free electrons that causes them to flow is known as electromotive
    force (EMF). The volt is the unit of pressure, i.e., the volt is the amount of electromotive force
    required to push a current of one ampere through a conductor with a resistance of one ohm.

    2. The Ampere
    The ampere defines the flow rate of electric current. For instance, when one coulomb (or 6 x
    1018 electrons) flows past a given point on a conductor in one second, it is defined as a current
    of one ampere.

    3. The Ohm
    The ohm is the unit of resistance in a conductor. Three things determine the amount of resistance
    in a conductor: its size, its material, e.g., copper or aluminum, and its temperature. A conductors
    resistance increases as its length increases or diameter decreases. The more conductive
    the materials used, the lower the conductor resistance becomes. Conversely, a rise in temperature
    will generally increase resistance in a conductor.

    Ohms Law
    Ohms Law defines the correlation between electric current (I), voltage (V), and resistance
    (R) in a conductor.
    Ohms Law can be expressed as:

    v=i.
    R
    Where: V = volts, I = amps, R = ohms

    Kirchhoffs Current Law


    Kirchhoffs current law (KCL) states that the algebraic sum of currents entering a node
    (or a closed boundary) is zero.

    Mathematically,
    N

    in=0
    n=1

    Kirchhoffs voltage law


    Kirchhoffs voltage law (KVL) states that the algebraic sum of all voltages around a closed
    path (or loop) is zero

    Mathematically,
    M

    v n =0
    m=1

    Single-phase electric power


    Single-phase electric power refers to the distribution of alternating current electric
    power using a system in which all the voltages of the supply vary in unison. Single-phase
    distribution is used when loads are mostly lighting and heating, with few large electric motors. A
    single-phase supply connected to an alternating current electric motor does not produce a
    revolving magnetic field; single-phase motors need additional circuits for starting, and such
    motors are uncommon above 10 or 20 kW in rating.

    Standard frequencies of single-phase power systems are either 50 or 60 Hz. Special


    single-phase traction power networks may operate at 16.67 Hz or other frequencies to power
    electric railways.

    Three-phase electric power


    Three-phase transformer with four wire output for 208Y/120 volt service: one wire for
    neutral, others for A, B and C phases Three-phase electric power transmission
    Three-phase electric power is a common method of alternating-current electric power
    generation, transmission, and distribution.It is a type of polyphase system and is the most
    common method used by electrical grids worldwide to transfer power. It is also used to power
    large motors and other heavy loads. A three-phase system is usually more economical than an
    equivalent single-phase or two-phase system at the same voltage because it uses less conductor
    material to transmit electrical power.

    Earthing:

    Methods of earthing:

    Plate earthing

    Wiring:

    Cleath

    batten

    Metal sheath

    casing/ capping

    conduit

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