Primary Health Care

August 17, 2015
Dr. Camacho 4-6 pm
Primary Health Care

The situation before PHC
Widening gap between haves and the have-nots in a community and

between communities.
Health resources are limited; more on the urban than on the rural areas
Disadvantaged groups have limited access to health care services.
Primary Health Care
A practical approach to the effective provision of essential health services

that are community-based, accessible, acceptable & sustainable at a
cost which the community & the government can afford.
Cooperation between government, community and private sector.
Full participation and active involvement of the community-> self-reliance to
achieve acceptable level of health and well-being.
Recognizes the inter-relationship between health and overall socioeconomic
development.
7 key points to the development of PHC
1. Inter-sectoral cooperation
2. Community participation
3. Relations inside health and medical practices
4. Appropriate technology
5. Manpower development
6. Financial support
7. Management
PHC became the thrust of all stakeholders in the improvement of health of all
people throughout the world
Can be viewed in 3 different dimensions:
1. As a structure of health system
2. As a service or health activities
3. As an approach
Key elements of PHC (WHO 1978)
1. Education concerning prevailing health problems and the methods
of preventing and controlling them.
2. Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition
3. An adequate supply of water and basic health sanitation
4. Maternal and child health care including Family planning and
reproductive health.
5. Immunization against the major infective diseases.
6. Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases
7. Treatment of common injuries and illnesses.
8. Provision of essential drugs.
4 Pillars on which health for all must be based on (WHO)

1. Political and societal commitment and determination to move
towards health for all as the main social target for the coming
decades.
2. Community participation, the active involvement of the people
and the mobilization of societal forces for health development.
3. Inter-sectoral cooperation between the health sectors such as
agriculture, education, communication, industry, energy,
transportation, public works and housing.
4. System support to ensure the essential health care and
scientifically sound and affordable health technology are
available to all people.
PHC Fourfold objectives for both developing and industrialized countries.
To enable people:
1. To seek better health at home, in schools, in fields and in factories.
2. To prevent diseases and injuries, instead of relying on doctors to cure
illnesses that could have been avoided
3. To exercise their right and responsibility in sharing their environment,
bringing about conditions that make it possible and easier to live a healthy
life.
4. To participate and exercise control in managing health and related systems,
and to ensure that
the basic prerequisites for health and access to health care are available.
Strategies of PHC
1. Increasing opportunity for community participation in local level
2. Interdisciplinary, intra-sectoral and inter-sectoral linkages with other
government and private agencies will be developed.
3. Emphasis on partnership so that those in health system and the community
view each other as partners rather than merely providers and receivers of
health care respectively
PHC Models for level of people participation (Galvez-Tan , 1998)
1. Hospital or clinic-based PHC model
Characteristically authoritarian in nature
Health is sole responsibility of doctors
Example: Medical mission
Hence, no significant change in the community is expected
2. Community-oriented PHC model
Health for the people typically paternalistic in nature
Health is the responsibility of doctors and other health professionals;
community members are regarded as mere beneficiaries of health care
Peoples opinions are taken into consideration but their participation
ends with the initial interaction with the health care worker.
3. Community-based PHC model

Described to be democratic, signifying health WITH the people
Community members are not only consulted but have active
participation in the identification and prioritization of their health
problems
They join in looking for possible solutions of theis communitys problem
4. Community-managesd PHC model
The highest and most liberating model with the greatest level of
people participation
It denotes health BY the people
People are regarded as managers of their own health programs and
activities
Hence they tend to become self-reliant- structural change in the
community
Health is in the hands of the people.
GOAL: to attain health for all the fiipinos by year 2000
This plan commits the DOH to:
1. Provide quality health care which communities and government can afford
2. Support communities in planning, organizing, implementing, monitoring, and
evaluating community-based health programs
3. Reallocate its resources to meet the priority health needs as expressed by the
community
4. Strengthen the managerial and technical capacities of health workers
5. Coordinate and encourage the development of appropriate health
technologies.
6. Coordinates planning and implementation of inter-sectoral and intra-sectoral
health and related activities
7. Monitor the changes of health status of the population.
PHC principles and strategies
1. accessibility, availability, acceptability, and sustainability/affordability
2. provision of high quality, basic, and essential health services
3. community participation
4. self-reliance
5. recognition of interrelationship between health and development
6. Social mobilization
7. decentralization

Primary Health Care

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August 17, 2015

Dr. Camacho 4-6 pm

Primary Health Care

Widening gap between haves and the have-nots in a community and

Primary Health Care

A practical approach to the effective provision of essential health services

4 Pillars on which health for all must be based on (WHO)

3. Community-based PHC model

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