Computer Network No1 Introduction From APCOMS (UandiStar)

www.UandiStar.
org
CPS 422
Computer Networks
Major Muhammad Faisal Amjad
CS Dept
Internet
Everyone uses it
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We want it Everywhere
Even at our fingertips
We even call and meet each other over

the Internet
Why should
TV be an
exception
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World has become a global village because

of
the Internet
So What is Internet ???
It is a collection of a very large number of
inter-connected NETWORKS that connect
millions of devices that can communicate
with each other
And why should we study networks
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Introductory (first) course in computer networking

Learn principles and Architecture of computer
networking
This is NOT a course on network building or specific
usage, However
Internet architecture/protocols will be studied to
understand networking principles.
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Goals:
learn a lot (not just facts, but principles)
enjoy learning Computer Networks (Not as a burden)
be able to make intelligent decisions about network
design, use and management
be able to pick up and learn details of a particular
system as you need it
be able to quickly find protocol descriptions and problem
solutions
be able to discuss data communication systems with
supervisors and co-workers on the job (and may be
impress them with high sounding technical jargons)
Who is this course for?

o Undergrads of TE and BESE
Prerequisites:
o Willingness to work hard (for survival in this course and ultimately
in your profession)
Course materials:
o text: Data and Computer Communications By William Stallings

Fifth Edition
o text: Data Communications and Networking By Behrouz
Forouzan, Third Edition
o Other Ref books (if necessary) will be indicated during the course.
o WWW readings.
o Class notes
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Course Information
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Credit Hours:
3+1
Workload:
Coursework
Written assignments
Announced / unannounced quizzes
Midterm Exam
Final exam
amount
as needed
as needed
1
1
%age
10%
10%
30%
50%
Missing quizzes / assignments / exam will land you into

trouble. DONT MISS THEM.
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Networking is a Vast subject and only key

concepts can be covered in the class.
You are expected to read the rest from the
book and other refs.
Feel free to ask questions during the
class about any concepts that are not
clear.
Material covered in the class will include
some concepts from other textbooks. Please
pay
attention to the class discussion.
Networking Overview
Layered Approach to Network Architecture
Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP architecture
Physical Layer (Will not be covered in detail
since Analog & Digital Comm has already been
studied)
o Analog / Digital Communication
o Transmission Media
o Data Encoding
o Interfacing
o Multiplexing
o Packet Switching / Circuit Switching
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Course Outline
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Data Link Layer

o Error Detection / Correction / Control
o Elementary Data Link Protocols
o Sliding Window Protocols
o MAC Sub-layer
MAC Protocols (CSMA, ALOHA, WLANs etc.)

IEEE 802 Standards for LANs
Bridges
High Speed LANs
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The Network Layer

o Internetworking Concepts
o Internet Addressing
o ARP
o IP Connectionless Datagram Delivery
o Routing
o IP Error and Control (ICMP)
o Subnet and Subnet Extension
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The Transport
Layer
o Process to Process Delivery
o User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
o Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
o Congestion Control
o Quality of Service (QoS)
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The Application Layer

o Client-Server Model and the Socket Interface
o Domain Name System (DNS)
o E-mail (SMTP) and File Transfer (FTP)
o HTTP and the WWW
Network Security
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Networking Overview
Data Communication is the exchange of data between

two devices via some form of transmission medium
Fundamental characteristics of data communication:
o Delivery to correct destination
o Accuracy without errors
o Timeliness
Components of data communication:

o
o
o
o
o
Message
Sender
Receiver
Medium
Protocol
Sender
Receiver
Message
Transmission Medium
Protocol
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
.
Protocol
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
.
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Data Communication
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Simplified Communication Model
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Simplified Data Communication Model
o Simplex
Monitor
Direction of Data
o Half Duplex
Mainframe
Workstation
Workstation
o Full Duplex
Data Direction at time 1
Data Direction at time 2
Workstation
Workstation
Data Direction at all times
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Direction / Timing of Data Flow
A protocol is a set of rules that governs

data communications. It represents an
agreement between the communicating
devices.
Without protocol, devices may be
connected but not communicating.
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Protocol
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Example protocols
a human protocol and a computer network protocol:
Hi
TCP connection
req.
Hi
TCP connection
reply.
Got the
time?
Get http://www.mcs.edu.pk/index.htm
2:00
time
<file>
Performance
o e.g. transit time, response time
o Depends upon media, no of users, hardware
capabilities, software efficiency etc.
Reliability
o Freq of failure
o Failure recovery
o Robustness in a catastrophe
Security
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Network Criteria
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Network Topologies
Mesh
Star
Bus
Ring
Mesh
Network Topologies
Star
Bus
Ring
Mesh Topology
Ease of
installation /
reconfigure
Link failure
Availability of
link BW
A fully connected mesh network has n(n-1)/2 physical links

to connect n devices
Is the network in figure above a fully connected mesh ?
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No of I/O ports
required
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Star Topology
HUB / Switch
No of I/O ports
required
Ease of
installation /
reconfigure
Link failure
Availability of
link BW
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Bus Topology
Tap
No of I/O ports
required
Ease of
installation /
reconfigure
Link failure
Availability of
link BW
Tap
Tap
Tap
Ease of
installation /
reconfigure
Link failure
Availability of
link BW
Ring Topology
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No of I/O ports
required
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Network Categories
Local Area Network (LAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Network Categories
LAN
(Within a few buildings)
MAN
(Within a city)
WAN
(Across many cities)
Can you name some other Network Categories ?
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An Example
Networking
Configuration
An Internet Standard is a thoroughly tested

specification that is useful to and adhered to by
those who work on the Internet.
Any specification begins as an Internet Draft which
is a working document (work-in-progress) with no
official status and a 6-month lifetime.
Upon recommendation from Internet authorities, a
Draft may be published as a Request For
Comment (RFC). Each RFC is edited, assigned a
number and made available to all interested
parties.
Visit the URL http://www.ietf.org
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Internet Standards
2009)
(Due: Thur 27th Mar
Give advantages / disadvantages of various

network topologies studied.
Find out and list other network categories
(e.g. LAN/MAN). Give a very brief (2-3
lines) explanation of each.
Find out Two Internet Drafts and Two
RFCs from the Internet, Give their
numbers/names, Topics and their author(s)
names.
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Assignment # 1

Computer Network No1 Introduction From APCOMS (UandiStar)

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www.UandiStar.

Even at our fingertips

We even call and meet each other over

World has become a global village because

Introductory (first) course in computer networking

Who is this course for?

o text: Data and Computer Communications By William Stallings

Missing quizzes / assignments / exam will land you into

Networking is a Vast subject and only key

Data Link Layer

MAC Protocols (CSMA, ALOHA, WLANs etc.)

The Network Layer

The Application Layer

Data Communication is the exchange of data between

Components of data communication:

Simplified Communication Model

Simplified Data Communication Model

Data Direction at time 1

Data Direction at time 2

Data Direction at all times

Direction / Timing of Data Flow

A protocol is a set of rules that governs

A fully connected mesh network has n(n-1)/2 physical links

Can you name some other Network Categories ?

An Internet Standard is a thoroughly tested

(Due: Thur 27th Mar

Give advantages / disadvantages of various

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