List of exercises

Series

1.1

Compute the sum of the series:

P
P
P
P 3n +(4)n+1
P n
1
2n+3
1
1)
,
n=1 n(n+3) , 2)
n=1 n(n+1)(n+2) , 3)
n=2 ln(1 n2 ), 4)
n=0
n=1 n! , 5)
6n

P
P
P

1
6) n=1 ( n + 2 2 n + 1 + n), 7) n=1 ( n + 1 n), 8) n=1 arctg( n2 +n+1 ), Hint:
xy
arctg(x) arctg(y) = arctg( 1+xy
), xy > 1.

1.2

Study the convergence of:

P
P
P 2n2 +n+1
n n
n
1) (necessary) a)
(1)
,
b)
(
)
,
c)
n=1
n=1
n=1
3n2 n+1
P
Pn+1 1
P
P
n
a

n+2

n
2) (comparison) a) n=1 n3 +1 , b) n=1 n2 +n+3 , c) n=0 an! , a R , d)
n=1 n2 +1n ,
P
P
P 2
P 1
3 3
n +nn
1

a R , e)
n
sin(
,
a

R,
f)
,
g)
),
h)
a
n
n
n=1
n=1
n=1
n=1 n n! , i)
n
n+2
2
P
P
P
P

1
1

sin( 2 )1
n2 +1
1
n+1 )
n
n
nsin( n2 +n+1
), k)
, l)
n=1 ln( n2 n+2 ), j)
n=1
n=1 e
n=1 n(2 2
P 2n
P (n!)2
P an n!
P na ln n
3) (ratio) a)
, a R, e)
n=1 n! , b)
n=1 (2n)! , c)
n=1 nn , a R, d)
n=0
n!
P nlna
P 13(2n+1)
P (2n)!!
P an

n=1 (lna)n , a > 1.

n=1 25(3n1) , f)
n=1 nn , g)
n=1 n n! , a > 0, h)
P
P
P 13(2n1)
a(a+1)(a+n)
n!
,
4) (Raabe-Duhamel) a) n=1 24(2n) , b) n=1 a(a+1)(a+n1) , a > 0, c)
n=1
(n+3)!

P
a > 0, d) n=1 a n , a > 0
P
P
P
P an+1 n
2n2 +3n+1 n
1
n2
5) (root) a)
n=2 ( 3n2 +2n ) , b)
n=2 ( (ln n)n ), c)
n=1 (2+ 1 )n , d)
n=1 ( bn+2 ) , a, b > 0,
n
P
P
P an+1 n2
2

n
e) n=1 ( bn+2 ) , a, b > 0, f) n=1 (an nn!n )n , a > 0, g) n=1 (a n n+n+1
2 +1 ) , a > 0.

P
P
P
3
n
aln n , a > 0, c)
, a > 0.
6) (logarithmic) a) n=2 (ln1n)n , b)
n=1 a
P 1
Pn=1 1
7) (integral) a) n=1 ns , s R b) n=1 n(ln n)a , a R.
P
P 1
P cos n
P sin n2 sin n
P
sin(nx)
1

8) (Cauchy,Abel) a)
, d)
,
n=1 n , b)
n=1 n2 , b)
n=1 n(n+1) , c)
n=1
n=1
n
n
Hint: sin x + sin(2x) + + sin(nx) =

1.3

sin(nx/2) sin((n+1)x/2)
,
sin(x/2)

for x
/ 2Z.

Study A.C. and convergence of:

P (1)n
P (1)n
P (1)n
P
P (1)n ln n
P (1)n n
sin n
,
2)
,
3)
,
4)
1)
,
5)
,
6)
,
n=1 n2
n=1 n2n
n=2 ln n
n=1
n=1
n2
n
n+2
Pn=1
P
P

n na
2

(1)
n 1
n
n n

n arcsin( n1 ),
7)
n=2 (1) ln( n2 ), 8)
n=2 n2 +n n2 n , a R, 9)
n=1 (1)

P
10) n=1 sin( n2 + 1) (Hint: sin( n2 + 1) = (1)n sin( n2 + 1 n),
P n(2+i)n
P
P
1
1
Series of complex numbers: 11)
, 12)
n
n=1
n=1 n+2i 13)
n=1 (n+i) n , 14)
3

P
P
P zn
(1)n
1
1+n2
n=1 n , z C.
n=1 (sin( n2 ) + i n ), 15)
n=1 n2 i(1)n n3 , 16)

Compute with an error < 103 the sum of:

1.4
1)

1
n=1 nn! ,

2)

1
n=0 (2n)! ,

3)

n 1
n=1 (1) n! ,5)

1
n
n=0 (1) (2n+1)! ,

5)

1
n=1 nn

Sequences and series of functions

2.1

Study P.C. and U.C. of:

n

1) fn (x) = x , x [0, 1], 2) fn (x) = x

2n

x , x [0, 1], 3) fn (x) =

x2 +

1
,
n2

2nx
also for fn0 (x) 4) fn (x) = enx , x [0, ), 5) fn (x) = 1+n
2 x2 , a) x [0, 1], b) x
x+n
x
6) fn (x) = x+n+1 , x [0, ), 7) fn (x) = 1+nx2 , x [0, ), 8) fn (x) = arctg(nx),
1
nx+1
1+ n
9) fn (x) = nx
, x [0, 1].
2 +3 , x R, 10) fn (x) = x

2.2

x R,
[1, ),
x R,

Study P.C. and U.C. of:

P
x
x
n
n1
(x

x
),
x

[0,
1],
2)
n=1
n=1 (sin( n+1 ) sin( n )), a) x R b) x [0, 1], 3)
P
P
(n1)x
(n1)x
nx
nx
xn
n=1 ( 1+n+x n+x ), x [0, 1], 4)
n=1 ( 1+n2 x2 1+(n1)2 x2 ), x [0, 1], 5)
n=0 (n+1)! .

1)
P

2.3

Prove that the following series are U.C.:

P sin(nx)
(1)n 3nx

,
x

[0,
),
2)
2
n=1 x2 +n3 , x R,
n=1
x+n
P
2
(x+n)
sin(nx)
, x [0, 1], 5)
n=1
n=1 n , > 1, x [0, 1],
n4
P

1)
P

2.4

3)

n=1

1
arctg( x2 +n
2 ), x R, 4)

Other exercises:

P
sin(nx)

1) Prove that
n=1 n2 n is U.C. and can be derivated term by term, i.e. the series of
derivatives is also
PU.C.
is U.C., the series of derivatives converge but is not U.C.
2) Prove that n=1 sin(nx)
n2
P sin(2
n x)
3) Prove that n=1 6n is U.C. and the same for the series of derivatives. If S(x) is the
sum of the series, compute S 0 ( 4 ).

3
3.1

Power series. Taylors formula. Expansions

Compute the convergence radius and the domain of convergence:

P
P xn
P
P xn
P xn
P
n n
n
1)
( n ) n xn ,
n=1 (2) x , 2)
n=1 2n , 3)
n=1 n2 , 4)
n=0 (n!)x , 5)
n=0 n! , 6)
P n2 n
P (1)n 2n
P (x2)n
P 1 2x n
P n=0 1n+11+x n
7) n=0 3n x , 8) n=0 n x , 9) n=1 n2n , 10) n=1 n ( x+3 ) , 11) n=1 2n+1 ( 1x )

3.2

Compute the sum of the series and the domain of convergence:

P
P (1)n xn+1
P
P xn
P
n n
n
n x2n+1
1)
, 3)
n=1 (2) x , 2)
n=0
n=1 nx , 3)
n=1 n , 4)
n=1 (1) 2n+1 , 5)
n!
P
P 2 n
P
P
P
xn
n x4n+1
n x3n+1
n+1 x2n+1
, 9)
n=1 n x , 7)
n=1 (1) 3n+1 , 8)
n=1 (1)
n=0 (n+1)3n .
n=1 (1) 4n+1 , 6)
(n(2n1))
2

3.3

Taylors formula:

1) Let f (x) = x + 4. Compute T2 (x) at 0. Approximate 4, 5 with T2 (x) and estimate

the error.
2) f (x) = ln(1
+ x), T3 (x) =? at 0. Approximate ln
2 with T3 (x) and estimate the error.
p

3
3
3) f (x) = (x + 8), T2 (x) =? at 0. Approximate 9 with T3 (x) and estimate the error.
4) Prove that {(X a)n : n 0} is a basis of R[X]/R. Write P (X) = 2X 3 3X 2 + X + 1
in this basis.

3.4

Write the expansion in power series for:

1) f (x)
= ex 2) f (x) = sin x 3)f (x) = cos x 4) f (x) = (1 + x)a , 5) f (x) = ln(1 + x), 6)
f (x) = arcsin(x), 9)
(x) = ch(x), 10) f (x)R= sh(x),
f (x) = 1 +
R x8)arctg
R xf arcsin
R xx,sin7)t f (x) = arctg(x),
2
x
t
t
dt, 14) f (x) = 0 et dt,
11) f (x) = 0 t dt, 12) f (x) = 0 t dt, 13) f (x) = 0
t
1
3
1
1
15) f (x) = x2 3x+2
, 16) f (x) = (1x)(1+2x)
, 17) f (x) = 1+x
2 , 18) f (x) =
1x2

3.5
1)

Using the power series expansion, compute with an error

< 103 :

R 1/2
0

4
4.1

sin t
dt,
t

2)

R 1/2
0

arctg t
dt,
t

3)

R 1/2
0

arcsin t
dt,
t

4)

R1
0

et dt, 5)

R1
0

cos(t2 )dt

Metric spaces. Banachs Theorem

Metrics. Topology of Rn

1) If A = [0, 1) {2}, find A,A , A0 and A.

2) Let D = {(x, y) R2 x2 + 4y 2 < 1}. Draw D. Is D open? Find D and D.
3) Let K = {(x, y) R2 1 x2 + y 2 4}. Is K compact? Is K connected? Is simple
connected? (justify)
4) a) Prove that d (x, y) = maxni=1 {|yi xi |}, x, y Rn is a metric. b) Prove that
||x||p := (|x1 |p + + |xn |p )1/p , x R, cu p (0, ), is a norm.

4.2

Banachs Theorem

1) Study if f is a contraction, where: a) f (x) = ax + b, a, b R, x R b) f (x) = q sin x,

2x
q R, x R, c) f (x) = ln x, x e, d) f (x) = 1+x
2, x R
3
2) Compute with an error < 10 the real solution of: a) x3 +4x1 = 0, b) x3 +12x1 = 0,
c) x3 + x2 6x + 1 = 0.

3) Prove that f : [ 34 , 32 ] [ 43 , 23 ], f (x) = x2 + x1 is a contraction. Compute 2 with an error

< 103 .

1
4) Prove that f : [ 23 , 3] [ 23 , 3], f (x) = 2x
+
is
a
contraction.
Compute
3 with an
3
x
2
error < 10 .

5
5.1

Continuity. Partial derivatives. Differentials

Functions with branches

1) Let f : R2 R. Study the continuity, differentiability, the existence of partial derivatives

and if f C 1 , for:
( 2
x y
2
2 , (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
a) f (x, y) = x +y
0, (x, y) = (0, 0)
( xy

, (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
x2 +y 2
b) f (x, y) =
0, (x, y) = (0, 0)
p
c) f (x, y) = x x2 + y 2
( 2
(x + y 2 ) sin( 21 2 ), (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
x +y
d) f (x, y) =
0, (x, y) = (0, 0)
( xyz2

, (x, y, z) 6= (0, 0, 0)
x2 +y 2 +z 2
e) f (x, y, z) =
(In this case, f : R3 R.)
0, (x, y, z) = (0, 0, 0)
( 3
xy
2
2 , (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
f) f (x, y) = x +y
. Prove that f is not C 2 .
0, (x, y) = (0, 0)

5.2

Computation of partial derivatives and differentials

2

a) f (x, y) = ex y . Compute df , d2 f , df (1, 1) and d2 f (1, 1).

b) f (x, y, z) = x2 ln(yz). Compute df , d2 f , df (0, 1, 1) and d2 f (0, 1, 1).
1
2
2
c) f (x, y) = x2 +y
2 , (x, y) 6= (0, 0). Compute df , d f , df (1, 1) and d f (1, 1).
2
2
2
d) Partial derivatives of order 2 for: f (x, y) = ex +y , f (x, y, z) = xyex z , f (x, y) =
arctg(x2 + y 2 ), f (x, y) = arcsin( xy ), f (x, y) = tg(x2 + y 2 ) etc.

5.3

Jacobian matrix

a) JF (x, y, z) and JF (1, 1, 1) for F (x, y, z) = (x2 y 2 + z 2 , xyez ).

b) Let F (x, y) = (u(x, y), v(x, y)), where u(x, y) = x2 y 2 , v(x, y) = x2 + y 2 . Compute
JF (x, y) and D(u,v)
.
D(x,y)

5.4

Composite functions

z
z
a) Let z = (bx ay). Compute a x
+ b y
.
z
z
b) Let z = (x2 + y 2 ). Compute y x x y .
z
z
c) Let z = xy(x2 y 2 ). Compute xy 2 x
+ x2 y y
.

d) Let z = (x at) + (x + at). Prove that

2z
t2

z
a2 x
2 = 0.

e) If f (x, y) = (u(x, y), v(x, y)), and F (x, y) = g(f (x, y)), where g : Im(f ) R, compute
the partial derivatives of F in terms of the partial derivatives of g, u and v. In particular,
u = x2 + y 2 and v = x y. f) If F (x, y) = (x3 + y 3 ), where (u) : R R, Compute F
,
x
F
.
y
z
z
g) If z = ( xy ), C 1 , compute E = x x
+ y y
.

5.5

Gradient. Rotor. Laplacian

1) Compute the Laplacian. Which ones are harmonic?

a) f (x, y) = arctg( xy ), b) f (x, y, z) = x2 +y12 +z2 , c) f (x, y) =

x2 +y 2 +z 2

, e) f (x, y, z) = ln(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ), f) f (x, y) =

y
,
x2 +y 2

1
,
x2 +y 2

d) f (x, y, z) =

g) f (x, y) = ex

2 y 2

2) Gradient of f (x, y) = 3x2 3x + 5y and the derivative of f on the direction given by

M~N , where M (2, 1) and N (5, 5). b) If s = ( 13 , 32 , 23 ) and f (x, y, z) = x2 y z 2 , Compute
f (1, 1, 1) and f
(1, 1, 1).
s
3) Rotor (curl) of F (x, y, z) = (x2 y 2 , y 2 z 2 , z 2 x2 ).

5.6

Taylor polynomial.

a) Let f (x, y) = ln(1 + x + y). Compute T1 (x, y) and T2 (x, y) n jurul lui (0, 0).
b) Let P (x, y, z) = x2 + 2y 2 z 2 + xy + yz + 1. Compute T2 (x, y, z) at (1, 1, 1). (Note:
P = T2 , since P is
a polynomial of degree 2)

x
c) Let f (x, y) = e y + 4. T1 (x, y) and T2 (x, y) at (0, 0). Approximate e0,5 4, 5 with T2 .
d) Let f (x, y) =
ex+y . Tn(x, y) =? at (0, 0).

e) Let f (x, y) = x + 1 3 y + 1. T1 (x, y) and T2 (x, y) at (0, 0). Approximate 1, 1 3 0, 9.

5.7

Local extrema

1) Find the critical points and local extrema for:

a) f (x, y) = x2 +xy+y 2 2xy, b) f (x, y) = x3 +y 3 3xy+10, c) f (x, y) = x4 +y 4 4xy,
d) f (x, y) = xyln(x2 +y 2 ) (dificila), e) f (x, y) = xy+ x2 + x5 , f) f (x, y) = x3 +3xy 2 15x12y,
g)f (x, y, z) = 2x2 + 2y 2 + z 2 + 2xy + 2yz + 2x + 2y + 6z, h) f (x, y, z) = xyz 6x 3y 2z,
i) f (x, y) = x3 + 8y 3 2xy
2) The regression line for: a) (2, 12), (5, 24), (9, 33), (14, 50) and b) (2, 3.5), (0, 1.5),
(2, 1) , (4, 0.5). c)(1, 0.2), (0, 0.2), (1, 0.3). Estimate f (2). d) (2, 0.3), (0, 0.15), (2, 0.1).
Estimate f (3).

5.8

Implicit functions

1) F (x, y) = 0, y = y(x).
a) Let F (x, y) = x2 xy + y 2 1, (x0 , y0 ) = (1, 1). Use the theorem of implicit functions
in order to compute y 0 (x),y 00 (x) and y 0 (1), y 00 (1).
b) F (x, y) = y 2xarctg( xy ), (x0 , y0 ) = (1, 0). y 0 (x) =? and y 0 (1) =?.
5

2) F (x, y, z) = 0, z = z(x, y)
2
2
2
a) F (x, y, z) = xa2 + yb2 + zc2 1, (x0 , y0 , z0 ) = (0, 0, c). Partial derivatives of order 1 and
2 for z(x, y) and their values at (0, 0).
z
z
and y
.
b) F (x, y, z) = x sin(y + z) + xz. x
2
2
c) F (x, y, z) = x + y 2z. Partial derivatives of order 1 and 2 for z = z(x, y).
3) F (x, y, z) = 0, G(x, y, z) = 0 with y = y(x) and z = z(x).
a) F (x, y, z) = x+2yz2, G(x, y, z) = x2 +y 2 +z 2 2xy+3z2, (x0 , y0 , z0 ) = (1, 1, 1).
y 0 , z 0 , y 00 , z 00 =?, y 0 (1), z 0 (1), y 00 (1), z 00 (1) =?.
4) Fint the local extrema of y = y(x), defined by 2xy 3 + y x2 = 0.

5.9
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)

Extrema with constraints

Local extrema for f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 with 3x + 2y = 6.

f (x, y, z) = xyz with x2 + y 2 + z 2 = a2
Compute the distance between M (2, 0) and the parabola y 2 = 2x.
f (x, y, z) = xyz with x + y + z = a, where x, y, z > 0.
Extrema of f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 x y on the line x + y 1 = 0.
Extrema of f (x, y) = x3 y 2 on the line x y + 4 = 0.
Extremal values of f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 3x 2y + 1 on K = {(x, y)| x2 + y 2 1}.
Extremal values of f (x, y) = xy on K = {(x, y)| x2 + 2y 2 1}.
Extremal values of f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 on K = {(x, y)| x2 + 4y 2 1}.

5.10

Change of variables.

1) Polar coordinates: If x = cost and y = sint, Compute

D(x,y)
D(,t)

= .

D(x,y,z)
=
2) Spherical coordinates: x = sin cos , y = sin sin , z = cos . Then: D(,,)
2
sin
3) Cylindrical coordinates: x = a sin t, y = b cos t, z = t.
4) Prove that u = x + y + z, v = x2 + y 2 + z 2 and w = xy + yz + zx are functional
= 0.
dependents, i.e. D(u,v,w)
D(x,y,z)
5) Find = (x) such that u = (x + y) and v = (x)(y) are functional dependents.
2
2z
6) In the equation t2z a2 x
2 = 0, change the variables u = x + at and v = x at.
7) In x2 y 00 + 2xy 0 + x12 y = 0, use t = x1 .
8) In x2 y 00 2xy 0 + y = 0, x > 0, use x = et (echivalent t = lnx)

Countable/uncountable sets:

1) Decide which sets are countable and which

are not:

x2 +i x
m2 +n2
a) A = { 2 | m, n N}, b) B = { 2 | x [0, ) Q}, c) C = {f : N {0, 1}},
d) D = {f : {0, 1, . . . , 9} Q}, e) E = {(b0 , b1 , . . .)| bn {x, y, z}}, f) F = {it | t R\Q}.

6.1

Models for exam (FILS):

Partial (variant 1):

1. Study the convergence: a)

n!
n
n=1 nn (2.5) ,

2. Study P.C. and U.C. for: fn (x) =

3. Prove that
f 0 (/3).

n=0

cos(3n x)
6n

nx
,
1+n+x

b)

n=1

n+1 n
,

R.

x [0, ).

is convergent. Let f (x) be the sum of the series. Compute

4. Let f (x) = ln(1 + x2 ). T3 (x) =?, at a = 0. Approximate ln(1.25) and estimate the
error.

5. Let A = { n+ 2n +1 |n Q [0, )} and B = {(a1 , a2 , a3 , . . .)|an {0, 1, 2, 3}}. Decide

if A and B are countable or not.
Partial (variant 2):
1. Study the convergence: a)

2n
n=0 n! ,

b)

(1)n
n=1 ln(n+1) .

2. Study P.C. and U.C. for: fn (x) = xn x2n , x [0, 1].

P
sin(nx)
0

3. Prove that
n=0 n2 n is convergent. Let f (x) be the sum of the series. Write f (x)
as a series of functions.

4. Let f (x) = 3 1 + x. T2 (x) =?, at a = 0. Approximate 3 1.5 and estimate the error.

5. Let A = { 1i2 n |n N } and B = { m

countable or not.

2 +n

|m, n Q+ }. Decide if A and B are

Partial (variant 3):

1. Study the convergence: a)

n=0

n2 +1+n
,
n3 +2

b)

(1)n
n=1 nln(n+1) .

x
2. Study P.C. and U.C. for: fn (x) = 1+nx
2 , x [0, ).
P 2n n+1
3. Consider
. a) Compute the convergence radius R =? and the conn=0 n+1 x
vergence domain D. b) Let S(x) = be the sum of the series. Compute S 0 (x) for
x (R, R). c) Compute S(x) for x D.

4. Let f (x) = x + 4. T1 (x), T2 (x) =?, at a = 0. Using T2 , approximate 4.5 and

estimate the error.

5. Let A = {n Z| 5 - n, 7|n}, B = { mn2+i+1 3 |m, n Z}, D = {it| t R }. Which are

countable and which are uncountable?
7

Final (variant 1):

1. Let f (x, y) = ex

2 y 2

. Compute f .

2. Local extrema for f (x, y) = xy +

3. Compute

R 1/2
0

sin x
dx
x

2
x

+ y5 .

with an error  < 103 .

4. Regression line for setul de date x = (1, 0, 1) and y = (0.2, 0.2, 0.3). Estimate f (3).
5. Extrema of f (x, y) = xy in the domain x2 + 2y 2 1.
6. Power series expansion of f (x) =

1
.
1x2

Final (varianta 2):

1. Let f (x, y) =

y
.
x2 +y 2

Compute f .

2. Local extrema for f (x, y) = x3 + 3xy 2 15x 12y.

R1
3. Compute 0 cos(x2 )dx with an error  < 103 .
4. Regression line for x = (1, 0, 1) and y = (0.1, 0.2, 0.2). Estimate f (2).
5. Extrema of y = y(x) defined by 2xy 3 y x2 = 0.
6. Power series expansion of f (x) =

1 .
1+x

Final (variant 3):

1. Let f (x, y) = ln(x2 + y 2 ). Compute f .
2. Local extrema for f (x, y) = x3 + 8y 3 2xy.
R1
dx with an error  < 103 .
3. Compute 0 1cos(x)
x2
4. Regression line for x = (2, 0, 2) and y = (0.3, 0.15, 0.1). Estimate f (3).
5. Extrema of f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 3x 2y + 1 on x2 + y 2 1.
z
z
6. Let z(x, y) = f (y/x), where f C 1 . Compute E = x x
+ y y
.