Heat Exxxxx
Heat Exxxxx
Heat Exxxxx
NRP
: 14 2005 028
Subject
PPSDM PROGRAM
: AIK-2
Lecture
: Rony Kurniawan
FINAL EXAMINATION
(26 August 2005)
1. Make a specification of shell and tube heat exchanger to cool down 60000 lb/hr
Acetone from 250 oF to 100 oF with Acetic Acid as the cold fluid which has an
inlet temperature of 90 oF and outlet temperature of 150 oF. The flow in heat
exchanger is counter current where cold fluid flows in the tube which has an
outside diameter of in, BWG 14, and length of 16 ft with the distance of each
baffles is 1/5 time of inside diameter of shell. The shell is made of carbon steel.
These are the following additional data that you can have :
Cp(Acetone)
= 0.57 btu / lb oF
Cp(Acetic Acid)
= 0.51 btu / lb oF
Uo
Ft
= 0.88
Answer.
100 oF
Acetic Acid
150 oF
90 oF
250 oF
Acetone
mc = 167647.06 lb/hr.
T1 T2
t2 t1
250 100
150 90
R 2 .5
R
and
t2 t1
T1 t1
150 90
250 90
S 0.375
S
From the graph (page : 830), we obtain the value of LMTD correction (Ft)
is about 0.8625. The type of shell and tube HE is 3-6 pass HE.
250 oF
150 oF
100 oF
T1
90 oF
T2 = (250 150) oF
= 100 oF
dan
T1 = ( 100 90 ) oF
= 10 oF
T2
T2 T1
T2
ln
T1
LMTD
LMTD
100 10
o
F
100
ln
10
LMTD 39.0865
o
F = LMTD(c) = LMTD x Ft
LMTD (correction)
= 39.0865 x 0.8625 oF
33.7121 oF
Q
Uo.LMTD( c )
A
58.8
btu
hrft
2o
A 2587.94 ft
btu
hr
33.7121o F
For ID tube equals to 3/4 in, with the value of BWG is 14 , the area for each
tube is about 0.1529 ft2/ft. the total length for all tubes is :
2587.94 ft 2
ft 2
0.1529
ft
L 16925.70422 ft
L
N=
16925.70422 ft
16 ft
N 1057.8565
N
Based upon the table (Page : 842) , we obtain the number of tubes are about
1100 tubes. From that table we can directly determine the distance of pitch
is about 1 in with inside diameter of shell is 39 in. For the inside diameter
of shell equals 39 in, we obtain the minimum thickness for shell is about
7/16 in.
d. Determine the number, thickness, and distance of baffles.
The minimum distance for baffle is (1/5) inside diameter shell or
1
.39in
5
Equals to 7.8 in. for the distance of baffle less than 24 in where the inside
diameter of shell equals 39 in, we obtain the minimum thickness for each
baffle is 1/4 in. the number of baffles in HE is
16 ft
192in
24.62
7.8in
7.8in
4m
8m
1.5 m
1m
2m
Erection weight
= 8 ton
Operating weight
= 12 ton
= 200 psi
Wind velocity
= 140 mph
= 0.85
OD of bolt circle
= 2.4 m
1.5 m
D2 = 1.5 m
H2 = 4 m
D1 = 2.5 m
h1
h2
The moment causes by wind in the tall tower can bestated bey the following
equation.
V Pw.D1, 2 .H 1, 2
m 4.75m
2
2
h1 15.584 ft
h1
H2
4
9.5m m 11.5m
2
2
h2 37.7297. ft
h2 H 1
The wind moment occurs in both upper and lower vessel can be stated by the
following formula.
M Pw.D1, 2 .H 1, 2 .h1, 2
M V1, 2 .h1, 2
M T 691906.8479.lb. ft 121566.4252.lb. ft
M T 570340.4227.lb. ft
12.M T
R 2 .S .E
we know that the type of material used for both vessels are carbon steel SA-285,
200oF. The value of S (see page 149) is 13800 psi. Where
1 2
.m
and E = 85%.
2 2
R
2.46063. ft
2
W (operating )
S .c
c .ODshell
1 2
c .
.m
2
c 185.433.in
12000.kg
lb
13800 2 .185.433.in
in
26431.718.lb
t
lb
13800 2 .185.433.in
in
t 0.010329.in
t
3. vibration
As a result of wind tall towers develop vibration. The period of the vibration
should be limited, for large natural periods of vibration can lead to fatigue
failure. The allowable period has been computed from the maximum permissible
deflection.
w.D
.
t
12.M T
W (operating )
2
.D.S .E
R . .S .E
12.570340.4227.lbin
12000kg
2
lb
(1.m) .13800.0.45
.2.m.13800 2 .0.45
in
12.570340.4227.lbin
26431.718
2
lb
(39.37.in) .13800.0.45
.78.74.13800 2 .0.45
in
0.22644 0.017215.in
0.243655.in
t
t
t
t
t
W
12000.kg
26431.718.lb
lb
49.7308
H
( 4 9.5).m
531.496.in
in
2
w.D
H
T 0.0000265.
.
t
D
2.
13.5.m
T 0.0000265.
2 1
.m
2
lb 2 1
..
.m
in 2
0.25.in
49.7308
lb
.59.055.in
in
T 0.0000265.(9).
0.25.in
T 0.0000265.(9).(108.3855).s
T 0.02585.s
49.7308
We are in the second seismic zone, based upon the seismic coefficient table (see
page 55) for T less than 0.4 s the value of C will be 0.1.
The maximum allowable period of vibration
From the calculation above, we got 0.1 for the seismic coefficient, so the value
of shell will be : V C.W = 0.1. 12000 kg = 2643.172 lb
Ta 0.8
Ta 0.8.
W .H
V .g
12000.kg .13.5m
ft
1200.kg .32.2 2
s
26431.718.lb.44.29134 ft
ft
2643.172.lb.32.2 2
s
Ta 2.967.s
Ta 0.8
Pw.D1 .H .(12.H ) 3
8.E.I
Where D1 is width of tower with insulation (OD base ring (in)), I is moment of
inertia ( R 3 . .t ) and E is modulus elasticity, psi. Based on the table ( see page
148 ) the value of E at temperature 200 oF is 28.7 x 106 psi.
2
1
2
I 2
2
.m. .0.25.in
I 29.5276.in . .0.25.in
.3
I 20209.348.in 4
Pw.D.H .(12.H ) 3
8.E.I
lb
49 2 2.5mft.13m.(12.13.5m) 3
ft
lb
8. 28.7.10 6 2 20209.348.in 4
in
lb
49 2 8.2021 ft .44.29134 ft.(12.44.29134.in) 3
ft
lb
8. 28.7.10 6 2 20209.348.in 4
in
0.576.in
M
M
44.29134. ft.6.in
2..6575.in
100. ft
The actual deflection is less than the maximum deflection, thus the design for
the thickness of shell is satisfactory already.
5. Determine the number and size of anchor bolt
Vertical vessel and towers must be fastened to the concentrate foundation, skid
or other structural frame by means of anchor bolts and ring. The number of
anchor bolts must be in multiple of four and for tall towers it is preferred to use
minimum eight bolts.
These are the following specification of anchor bolts we have :
material of anchor bolt
= SA-325
The number of anchor bolts (N) are about 14. The area within bolt circle is :
1
. .D 2
4
1
2
AB . . 94.4882 .in
4
AB 7008.4956.in 2
AB
From the previous calculation we got already the value of M (moment) is about
691906.8479 lb ft.
The required area of bolts shall be calculated for empty condition. The
maximum tension of anchor bolts can be stated by the following equation :
T
12.M
W
AB
CB
12.691906.8479lb.in
8000kg
2
296.693.in
7008.4956.in
12.691906.8479lb.in 17621.1454lb
T
296.693.in
7008.4956.in 2
lb
T 1184 .688 59.392
in
lb
T 1224.08
in
T
T .C B
S B .N
Where SB is the maximum allowable stress value of bolt material , the value is
15000 psi ( see page 69).
lb
.296.693.in
in
BA
lb
15000 2 14
in
2
B A 1.7294.in
1224.08
Use 1 in bolt size (see page 69 table A). Adding 0.125 in for corrosion, thus
the size of anchor bolt which should be use is (1 + 2x 0.125) in equal to 2 in.
Use 1.744 in2 for bolt area.
Evaluate the stress at anchor bolt (SB).
SB
T .C B
B A .N
lb
.296.693.in
in
SB
1.744.in 2 .14
S B 14910.96193. psi
1224.08
SB doesnt exceed the maximum allowable stress (15000 psi), thus the number
and size of anchor bolt used are already satisfactory.
6. the thick and width of base ring
The bearing surface of the base ring shall be large enough to distribute the load
uniformly on the concentrate foundation and thus not to exceed the allowable
bearing load of the foundation. The thickness of the base ring shall resist the
bending stress induced by wind of earthquake.
From the previous calculation we already have the value of M (moment based
upon the wind load) is approximately 691906.8479 lb.ft.
1
. .OD 2 skirt
4
1
2
As . 2 m
4
1
As . .(78.74.in) 2
4
As 4867.009.in 2
As
Circumference on OD of skirt :
Cs .ODskirt
Cs .2m
Cs .78.74.in
Cs 247.2436.in
As
Cs
12.691906.8479.lb.in 26431.718.lb
Pc
247.2436.in
4867.009in 2
lb
Pc (1705.952 106.9056)
in
lb
Pc 1812.8576
in
Pc
Pc
fb
1812.8576
lb
in 2
l 3.626.in
lb
in
500
We have the size of anchor bolt is 2 in. The minimum dimension for l 2 is 2.5 in
and for l3 is 2 in (see table B page 69).
= 2.5 in
l3
=2
= 0.25 in
toleration
= 1 in
= 5.75 in