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    Steel Classification

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    Midhun K Chandrabose
    The document discusses different types of piping materials classified as metals and non-metals. It provides details on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of metals and how they are selected. Specific information is given about carbon steel grades and their weldability. Stainless steel is also described in detail based on its alloying constituents and microstructure.

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    Steel Classification

    Uploaded by

    Midhun K Chandrabose
    227 views8 pages
    The document discusses different types of piping materials classified as metals and non-metals. It provides details on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of metals and how they are selected. Specific information is given about carbon steel grades and their weldability. Stainless steel is also described in detail based on its alloying constituents and microstructure.

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    The document discusses different types of piping materials classified as metals and non-metals. It provides details on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of metals and how they are selected. Specific information is given about carbon steel grades and their weldability. Stainless steel is also described in detail based on its alloying constituents and microstructure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    227 views8 pages

    Steel Classification

    Uploaded by

    Midhun K Chandrabose
    The document discusses different types of piping materials classified as metals and non-metals. It provides details on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of metals and how they are selected. Specific information is given about carbon steel grades and their weldability. Stainless steel is also described in detail based on its alloying constituents and microstructure.

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    Piping material can be classified as

    Metals (Ferrous)
    : CS, SS, Alloy Steel
    Metals (Non ferrous)
    : Copper, Nickel, Aluminum
    Non Metals
    : PVC, Cement, Glass
    Metals are selected based on their mechanical and metallurgical properties.
    Mechanical properties: Strength, Ductility, Hardness, Toughness., Brittleness
    Metallurgical Properties: Chemical Composition, Weldability

    Carbon steel :
    Weldability :
    Low Carbon steel : C<0.15 %
    Excellent
    Mild steel
    : 0.15 %< C<0.30%
    Good
    Carbon steel
    Medium carbon steel: 0.3 %< C<0.5%
    Fair
    High carbon steel
    : 0.5% <C<1%
    Poor
    Steel
    : C< 2%
    Cast Iron : C > 2%

    SA 179
    SA 106 Gr B
    Machinery parts
    Dies, Punch,Tools

    IRON PRODUCTSWrought Iron


    Pig Iron
    Forged
    Cast Iron
    Sponge Iron
    Weldability
    As carbon % increases, Weldability decreases
    Effect of Carbon & Other elements on the weldability of carbon
    steels can be estimated by equating them to an equivalent
    amount of carbon.
    Carbon Equivalent:
    CE = C + Mn/6 + Cr+Mn+V + Cu + Ni
    5

    15

    Killed Steel:
    During Steel making process oxygen present is removed by
    adding Silica( De Oxydizing agent)

    STAINLESS STEEL
    Classification based on
    Alloying Constituents
    Metallurgical Microstructure
    Degree of sensitization
    STAINLESS STEEL
    1. Alloying constituents
    200 Series
    : Cr, Ni-Mn Group (Mn Replaces a portion of
    Ni)
    300 Series
    : Cr, Ni Group
    400 Series
    : Straight Cr Group ( Cr < 30%)
    2. Metallurgical Microstructure.
    Austenitic SS:
    Alloy of Cr, Ni, Fe
    Non Magnetic
    High Corrosion resistant at temp. Up to 1500F
    Hardenable by cold working
    Crystallographic form face centered cubic lattice (fine grain
    structure)
    Possess high impact strength at low temp. Ex: 304,304L ,316,
    316L
    Ferritic SS :
    Alloy of Cr, Fe
    Magnetic
    Non Hardenable by Heat treatment
    Crystallographic form face centered cubic lattice (Coarse grain
    structure)
    For Marine application (10.5% Cr alloy with no Ni)
    Contains High carbon , therefore brittle & relatively poor corrosion
    resistance
    Has resistance ti chloride stress corrosion cracking Ex:
    409,430,439
    Martensitic SS:

    High hardness(Carbon added to the alloy)


    Corrosion resistant
    Heat treatable to high hardness level
    Crystallographic form distorted lattice
    ASTM/ASME Nomenclature
    SA 312 TP 304
    S
    : ASME approved Material
    A
    : Ferrous
    312
    : Manufacturing Process No.
    TP
    : Tubular Product
    304
    : Grade
    SA234 GR WPB
    S
    : ASME approved Material
    A
    : Ferrous
    234
    : Manufacturing Process No.
    GR
    : Grade
    WP
    : Wrought Product
    B
    : Grade
    SA350 LF 2
    : Low Temperarure Forging Grade 2
    SA 216 WCB
    : Weldable Casting Grade B
    SA 335 P 11
    : Pipe Grade 11
    SA 182 Gr F 11
    : Forging Grade 11
    SA 351 Gr CF 8
    : Centrifugal Cast , Carbon% -0.08%
    SA 351 Gr CF 3
    : Centrifugal Cast , Carbon% -0.03%
    SA 351 Gr CF 8M : Centrifugal Cast , Carbon% -0.08%,
    Mo
    SA 351 Gr CF 3M : Centrifugal Cast , Carbon% -0.03%,
    Mo

    CORROSION

    Classification :

    General or Uniform Corrosion


    Localized Corrosion
    Inter granular corrosion
    Pitting Corrosion

    Temperature
    Cryogenic
    Low Temperature
    Medium Temperature
    High Temperature
    Economy
    Cost
    Availability
    Weldability
    Manufacturability
    Grouping of Materials
    P1
    P3,P4,P5
    P6,P7
    P8
    P9
    P10, P11

    Carbon steel
    : Alloy steel
    :
    Ferritic & Martensitic Steel
    :
    Austenisitic Steel
    :
    Nickel Steel
    :
    Quenched & Tempered Steel

    ASME P Numbers
    (Typical or Example)
    1
    2

    Carbon Manganese steels


    Not used

    Base Metal

    3
    4
    5A
    5B
    5C
    6
    7
    8
    9A,B,C
    10A,B,C
    10H
    10 I
    10J
    10K
    11A
    11B
    12 to 20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26to 30
    31

    Half Molybdenum or Half half chromium, Half


    Half Molybdenum (Three Group Nos)
    One and Quarter Chromium ,Half Molybdenum (Two
    Group Nos)
    One and Quarter Chromium ,Half Molybdenum
    Five Chromeum, One Molybdenum or Nine
    Chromeum,One molybdenum.
    Chromium, Molybdenum,Vanadium( Five Group
    No.s)
    Martenisitic stainless steels(Grade 410,415,429) Six
    Group No.s
    Ferritic Stainless steel
    Austenitic Stainless steels
    Group 1 - Grades 304,316,317,347
    Group 2 - Grades 309,310
    Group 3 High Manganese Grades
    Group 4 High Molybdenum Grades
    Two to Four Nickel Steels

    Two to four Nickel steels


    Duplex and Super Duplex Stainless Steel
    High Chromium Stainless Steel
    High Chromium Molybdenum Stainless Steel
    High Chromium Molybdenum, Nickel Stainless Steel
    Various High strength low alloy steels (Six Group
    no.s)
    Various High strength low alloy steels (TenGroup
    no.s)
    Not used
    High Al content (100 and 3000) Series
    Al ( 5000 Series -5052,54540)
    Al
    (6000 Series-6061,6063)
    Not used
    Al ( 5000 Series -5083,5086,5456)
    Not used
    High Copper content

    32
    33
    34
    35
    36to 40
    41
    42
    43
    44
    45
    46
    47
    48to 50
    51,52,53
    61,62

    Brass
    Copper Silicone
    Copper Nickel
    Copper Aluminium
    Not used
    High Nickel content
    Nickel,copper ( Monel 500)
    Nickel, Chromium,iron (Inconel)
    Nickel, Molybdenum (Hastelloy B2,C22,C276,X)
    Nickel,Chromium
    Nickel, Chromium, Silicone
    Nickel, Chromium, Tungsten
    Not used
    Titanium Alloys
    Zirconium Alloys

    P1-P11

    Steel and steel Alloys

    P21-P25

    Al base alloys

    P31-P35 Cu Alloys
    P41-P49

    Ni Alloys

    P51-P53

    Ti Alloys

    P61-P62

    Zirconium alloys

    P1
    P3
    P4
    P

    CS
    Alloy steels
    Alloy steels 0.5-2%
    Cr
    2.25-10% Cr

    5a,5b,5
    c
    P6
    P7
    P8
    P9
    P10
    P10 H

    P101
    P11A
    SG1
    P62

    High Alloy steel


    Martenitic
    High Alloy steel
    Ferritic
    High Alloy steel
    Austenitic
    Ni,Cr steel
    Cr+ Cu
    DSS

    27Cr steel
    8 Ni,9 Ni steel
    Zr

    15-25%
    Cr

    Ni 5%,Mo
    3%

    ASTM
    A928

    UNS
    31803

    EW2594NL
    ER-2209 or
    UNS31803

    PRE(Pitting Resistsnce Equivalent) No.= %Cr+ 3.3(%Mo+0.5%W)


    +16%Ni

    DSS Electrodes
    Lean Duplex

    2304
    2205

    Super Duplex

    2507

    Ni, Mo
    Morethan 80% Duplex
    25-26% Cr and increase Mo,Ni

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