Kuliah 11

Kuliah-11
P
Penyemenan
Ulang
Ul

Dosen : Ir.
D
I Andry
A d Halim,
H li MM
Universitas Trisakti - Jakarta
2012

Objective/Sasaran
Konsep Dasar Penyemenan Ulang
Penerapannya
p y di lapangan
p g

Daftar Pustaka
Allen S.O. and Robert A.P. Production Operation, Vol. I Oil and
Gas Consultant International Inc.
Peter E. Clark,Well Completions : Stimulation and Work Over.
Pertamina Hulu, Teknik Produksi, Jakarta, 2003
H.K. Van Poolen,Well Completion and Stimulations Program.
Peter E. Clark,Well
,
Completions
p
: Stimulation and Work Over.
Jonathan Billary,Well Completions Design, PetroleumElsevier,
2009
Semua buku perihal Komplesi dan uji Sumur
Semua Jurnal tentang Komplesi dan uji Sumur

Penyemenen Ulang

Penyemenen
y
Ulangg

Penyemenen Ulang

Penyemenen Ulang

Penyemenen Ulang

Penyemenen Ulang

Remedial Cementing

Penyemenan ulang
I. SQUEEZE CEMENTING- INTRODUCTION

Squeeze cementing has long been a common operation. Numerous squeeze jobs are performed daily
under a wide variety of downhole conditions, and considerable experience has been accumulated over
five decades of field practice. Although excellent literature describing this technology has been
published and is readily available, misconceptions still exist and operating failures are not uncommon,
resulting
lti in
i increased
i
d drilling
d illi and
d completion
l ti costs.
t
A properly designed squeeze job causes :
1. the resulting cement filter cake to fill the opening(s) between the formation and the casing.
2. Upon curing, the cake forms a nearly impenetrable solid (Suman and Ellis, 1977).
3. In cases where the slurry
y is p
placed into a fractured interval, the cement solids must develop
p a filter
cake on the fracture face and/or bridge the fracture.
Squeeze cementing has many applications during both the drilling and the completion phases. The
most commonly cited applications are listed below :
1. Repair a primary cement job that failed due to the cement bypassing the mud (channeling) or
insufficient cement height in the annulus.
annulus
2. Eliminate water intrusion from above, below, or within the hydrocarbon producing zone.
3. Reduce the producing gas/oil ratio (COR) by isolating the gas zones from adjacent oil intervals.
4. Repair casing leaks due to corroded or split pipe. L
5. Abandon a nonproductive or depleted zone.
6. Plug all, or part, or one or more zones in a multizone injection well so as to direct the injection into
the desired intervals. l Seal off lost-circulation zones.
7. Protect against fluid migration into a producing zone

II. SQUEEZE CEMENTING-THEORY

Regardless
R
dl off th
the ttechnique
h i
used
dd
during
i a squeeze jjob,
b th
the cementt
slurry (a suspension of solids) is subject to a differential pressure
against a filter of permeable rock.
The resulting physical phenomena are :
1. filtration,,
2. filter- cake deposition and,
3. in some cases, fracturing of the formation.
The slurry, subject to a differential pressure, loses part of its water to
the porous medium, and a cake of partially dehydrated cement is
formed.
formed
The cement cake, forming against a permeable formation, has a high
initial permeability (Fig. 13-l). As the particles of cement accumulate,
the cake thickness and hydraulic,resistance increase; as a result, the
filtration rate decreases, and the pressure required to dehydrate the
cementslurry further increases. The rate of filter-cake buildup is a
function of four parameters:
1. permeability of the formation, l
2. differential pressure applied,
3. time, and
4. capacity of the slurry to lose fluid at downhole conditions.
When squeezed against a formation of given permeability, the rate at
which slurry dehydration decreases is directly related to the fluid-loss
rate (Fig. 13-2).
Wh squeezed
When
d against
i t llow-permeability
bilit formations,
f
ti
slurries
l i with
ith
low fluid-loss rates dehydrate slowly, and the duration of the
operation may be excessive.

Penyemenan ulang
Against a high- permeability formation,.a slurry with a high
fluid-loss rate dehydrates rapidly; consequently, the wellbore
may become choked by filter cake, and channels which
otherwise
ot
e w se wou
would
d have
ave accepted cement
ce e t would
wou d be bridged
b dged off.
o .
The ideal squeeze slurry should thus be tailored to control the
rate of cake growth, and allow a uniform filter cake to build up
over all permeable surfaces.
The basics of the theoretical and practical work regarding the
f d
fundamentals
t l off filter-cake
filt
k d
deposition
iti in
i squeeze cementing
ti
can be found in the publications of :
1. Binkley, Dumbauld, and Collins (1958) and
2. Hook and Ernst ( 1969).
1.1 Binkley, Dumbauld, and Collins Study
These authors developed the law of filter-cake formation for a
suspension (such as a cement slurry). When a volume c/Q of
filtrate passes through a planar permeable surface of area A
A, a
filter cake of thicknes dS and of porosity O is deposited. This
relationship is illustrated in the following series of equations.

Penyemenan ulang
Assuming that the pressure drop across the filtration
surface is negligible, Binkley et al. (19.58) applied
Darcys law to the flow of the filtrate through the
cake,
k establishing
t bli hi the
th ffollowing
ll i equations
ti

Penyemenan ulang

Penyemenan ulang
1.2 Hook and Ernst ( 1969)
off the
h effects
ff
off fl
fluid-loss
id l
controll additives,
ddi i
diff
differential
i l pressure, and
d formation
f
i permeability
bili upon the
h
rate offil- ter-cake buildup. Their conclusions are presented in Ta- bles 13-1, 13-2, and 13-3.
Table 13-1 is a compilation of permeability measurements conducted on filter cakes which were formed
with different concentrations of a fluid-loss addilive. The per- meability ofa neat-cement filter cake was
measured to be about 5 md-a value lower than that of many
y producing
p
g 13-3

SQUEEZE CEMENTING

ZONE ISOLATION
SQUEEZE CEMENTING
PACKERS

Squeeze Cementing - Definition

Injection of Cement Slurry
into the voids behind the
casing
Dehydration
y
of cement
requires: fluid fluid-loss, porous
(permeable) matrix,
differential pressure, time.
Injection below or above
fracture pressure

Squeeze Cementing Applications

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Primary cement job repair

Unwanted Water Production
High Gas-Oil Ratio (GOR)
Casing Splits or Leaks
Nonproductive or Depleted Zones
Formation Losses
Top of Cement Column
Alter Injection Profiles
Block Squeeze
Liner-Top Leaks

Squeeze
q
Cementing
g Methods
Pumping technique
Hesitation
Running
Placement technique
High pressure - above frac pressure
L pressure - below
Low
b l ffrac pressure
Tools
Packer/Retainer
Bradenhead
Coiled tubing

H it ti Squeeze
Hesitation
S
Intermittent pumping
Low pump rates
Small slurry volumes
Long job times
Applications
pp c o s
Channel repair
Long perforated interval
Long splits in casing
Lost circulation
i
i
Natural, man-made, caused during breakdown fractured
situations

Running Squeeze
Continuous pumping until final squeeze pressure is attained
Clean fluid in the hole
L
Large
slurry
l
volumes
l
Low or high pressure squeeze
Applications
Water flow
Abandon perforations
Increase cement top
Casing shoes
Liner tops
Block squeeze
Lost circulation zones

Low Pressure Squeeze

Squeeze pressure below fracture pressure
Best way to squeeze the pay zone
Use small volume of slurry
Applicable for :
Multiple
p zones
Long intervals
Low BHP wells
Naturally fractured formations

High Pressure Squeeze

Fracturing is necessary to place cement in the void
Requires placement of large volumes of slurry
Applicable for
shoe
liner top
block squeeze

Planning the Job

Problem determination

Temperature log
CBL/CET/USI
Noise log
Water-flow log
Tracer servey
Select tools and location

Casing integrity
Type of squeeze
Volume of the slurry
Fluid in the well
Well conditions (pre-squeeze clean-up
clean-up, if necessary)
Type of squeeze
Slurry design and amount
Pressure limitations

Injection Test
Perforations are open and ready to accept fluid
Estimate of the proper cement slurry injection rate
Estimate
st ate tthee p
pressure
essu e du
during
g squee
squeezee
Estimate the amount of slurry to be used

Washes and Spacers

Perforations, surrounding voids, and formation face clean-out to
ensure complete fill-up and dehydration
Clean-up us a separate stage with chemical wash or
hydrochloric acid to remove
water-based mud
mud filter cake
carbonate scale

During placement slurry needs to be isolated ahead

and behind
5 to 10 bbls of chemical wash or water
p
50 - 100 ggal/ft of perforations

Slurry properties
Fluid loss
Filter cake development
V scos ty
Viscosity
Gel strength
Free water
Thickening time
Compressive strength

Slurry Volumes
Length of the interval and number of perforations to be
squeezed
Placement
ace e t tec
technique
que to be used
Injection rate
Slurry volume to be left in the wellbore
Excess
Local experience
Rules of thumb
Do not exceed capacity of the work string
T sacks
Two
k off cement per fft. off perfs
f
Should not be greater then could be reversed
Minimum 100 sks if 2 bpm after breakdown, 50 sks otherwise

Bradenhead Squeeze
Done through tubing or drill pipe
without packer
Advantages
No tool are used (simplicity)
Cost
Disadvantages
Casing and wellhead are
exposed to pressure

Packer with tailpipe Squeeze

Downhole Isolation tool
Casing and wellhead protection
Tailpipe for placement
Long intervals
Multiple setting of packer

P k without
Packer
ith t ttailpipe
il i Squeeze
S
Downhole Isolation tool
Casing and wellhead
protection
Short intervals
No tailpipe
Suicide squeeze

Cement Retainer Squeeze

Drillable Isolation Tool
Similar to packer without
tailpipe
Applications
Squeeze pressure trapped
Job Procedure

Coiled Tubing Squeeze

Applications
Producing wells
Th
Through
h tubing
t bi

Advantages
Cost
Accurate placement

Critical slurry design

Job procedure

S
Squeeze
C
Cementing
ti - Job
J bC
Cycle
l
Design
Well conditions
Slurry properties
Execution
S
Slurry
u yp
placement
ce e
Surface pressures
Equipment
Evaluation
Final squeeze pressure
Pressure test
Inflow test
Logs

PACKERS

PACKERS
Objectives
All packers
k
will
ill attain
tt i one or more off the
th following
f ll i objectives
bj ti
when
h they
th
are functioning properly :
p
1. Isolate well fluids and pressure.
2. Keep gas mixed with liquids, by using gas energy for natural flow.
3 Separate producing zones
3.
zones, preventing fluid and pressure contamination
contamination.
4. Aid in forming the annular volume (casing/tubing/packer) required for
gas lift or subsurface hydraulic pumping systems.
5. Limit well control to the tubing at the surface, for safety purposes.
6 Hold well servicing fluids (kill fluids,
6.
fluids packer fluids) in casing annulus.
annulus

Tubing-To-Packer Connections
There are three methods of connecting a packer and a tubing strings,
and the tubing can be set in :
1. Tension
2. Compression
3. Left in natural (no load on the packer, tension nor compression)

Packers Classification
1. Retrievable
2. Permanent or semi permanent
p

Consideration for Packer Selection

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7
7.
8.

Surface/Downhole Equipment Coordination

Packer Mechanics
Corrosive Well Fluids
Sealing Element
Retrievability
Fishing Characteristic
Through Tubing Operation
Purchase Price

Cementing Service
Equipment
q p

Cementing Service Equipment

42
Cirebon

WS-

Cementing Unit
Pumping Truck

Cementing Skid Unit

Pumping Truck and Mixing System

SURGE CAN

TRIPLEX PUMP
CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP
HOPPER

MIXING
BOWL

JETS

SLURRY
TUB

HIGH PRESSURE
LINE TO WELL
HEAD

Bulking System for Cement Supply

Cutting Bottle

Compressor

Bulker Trailer

Pressurized
Tank

Mixing Fluid Preparation

Water Tank/ Mixing Tank

Batch Mixer

Cementing
g Job design
g

47
Cirebon

WS-

Data Gathering
To run applicable preliminary design, the following data is required:
Type of job
Well Description:
p
Casing/Liner/Drill size, weight
Survey Information
Hole size and anticipated
p
excess
BHST from logs or estimated from offset well
Mud properties (type, expected weight and rheology
To run applicable
pp
p
preliminary
y design,
g , the following
g data is required:
q
Expected pore pressure
Expected frac pressure
Expected
p
well pproblem:
Lost circulation
Gas formation
High formation pressure
Salt Formation, etc
Any known client system limitation or special instruction

Software CemCADE
Job Volume
Pumping schedule
Well Security
Pumping Time
Temperature Simulation
Cement properties:
- Density
- Fluid Properties
-Circulatingg Temperature
p

Laboratory design

Request
q
specific
p
pperformance pparameters:

Density
Rheology ( PV, YP & Gel Strength)
Fluid Loss
Thickening Time
Free Water
Compressive
p
Strength
g

Collect:
Water sample from location
Cement
C
sample
l location
l
i
Additives on location

By Design Engineer
with Client
Approval
Based on Well
problem and
cementing objective
Critical Points

Laboratorium Equipments

LABORATORIUM TEST

52
Cirebon

WS-

Cementing
g Job Execution

53
Cirebon

WS-

Pre Execution
Pre-Execution
Hole Circulation:
Conditioning mud
Conditioning temperature

Mixing Fluid Preparation:

Collect sample

Loading Plugs.Critical
Pre Job Safety Meeting:
Safety Issue
Delegation of responsibilities
Contingency plan

Execution
Cement Slurry Quality:
D
Density
it parameter.Real
t
R l Time
Ti measurementt
(Densitometer)
Mud balance..Manual measurement

Pressure Monitoring:
Well security
Lost
L t circulation
i l ti
U-tubing Effect

Slurry sample collected:

Surface sample
Indication of hard cement

Cementing
g Job Evaluation

56
Cirebon

WS-

Proper way to evaluate cement job

Real time indication on cement job:

Full
F ll returns
t
to
t surface
f
Cement returns
Density quality and Sampling
Pressure Testing:
Casing Shoe Pressure Test
Liner Lap Pressure Test
Leak Off Test (LOT) or FIT (Formation Integrity Test)
Acoustic log:
Cement
C
t Bond
B d Log
L (CBL) andd Variable
V i bl D
Density
it L
Log (VDL)
Segmented Bond Tool (SBT)
Cement Evaluation Tool (CET)
Ultrasonic Imaging Tool (USIT)

Example of a good CBL

CBL
VDL

Example
p of a bad CBL

CBL
VDL

USIT sample

USIT

CBL

VDL

Squeeze Cementing

Squeeze Cementing

SQUEEZE CEMENTING FAILURES

SQUEEZE CEMENTING FAILURES

SQUEEZE CEMENTING FAILURES

SQUEEZE
CEMENTING
FAILURES

SQUEEZE CEMENTING FAILURES

SQUEEZE CEMENTING FAILURES

SQUEEZE CEMENTING FAILURES

SQUEEZE
CEMENTING
FAILURES

EXERCISES

EXERCISES

EXERCISES

EXERCISES

EXERCISES

EXERCISE
S

EXERCISES

EXERCISES

EXERCISES

Penyemenen Ulang

Penyemenen Ulang

EXAMPLE 1

Data Given :
Casing dimensions :

OD 20 in (508 mm)
ID 18
18.73
73 in (475
(475.7
7 mm)
133 lbm/ft (198 kg/m)
26 in (660.4 mm)
350 ft (107 m)
65 pcf (8.7 ppg or 1.041 kg/l)

Hole size :
Casing setting depth :
Mud weight :
Cement properties :
Cement API Class G with 4% bentonite
Slurry weight :
106pcf (1.7 kg/l)
Slurry yield :
1 5 ft3/sack(43
1.5
ft3/sack(43.03
03 l/sack)

EXAMPLE 1
Water requirement :
7 6 gal/sack (28.8
7.6
(28 8 l/sack)
Pumping rate : through drillpipe 100 gal/min (1700 l/min)
through casing 300 gal/min (2385 l/min)
Drill pipe :
OD/ID 5 in/4.276 in
19.5 lb/ft (29.02 kg/m)
Allow 15 min for the release of p
plugs
g and assume casing
g to be
cemented to surface.
a. Calculate required quantities of cement and bentonite for a
conventional cementing
g jjob. A shoe track of 80 ft ((24 m)) is to be
used. Also allow 100 % excess cement in the open hole.
b. Calculate volume of mixing water.
c. Calculate total time for the job, assuming that the mixing rate
is 10 sacks/min

EXAMPLE 1
Answer :
a. Annular area (Hole-casing) = (/4).(262-202) = 216.77 in2 =
1.5053 ft2
Annular slurry volume = 1.5053 ft3/ft x 350 ft = 527 ft3
Total annular volume = calculated volume + excess
= 527 + 100% (527) = 527 + 527 = 1054 ft3
Capacity of 20 in casing = /4 (ID2)/144 x 1ft = (18.73)2/4x144
= 1.9134 ft3/ft
Cement volume in shoe track = 1.9134 ft3/ft x 80 ft = 153 ft3
Total required slurry volume =1054+153 = 1207 ft3 (34 1721)

EXAMPLE 1
Number of sacks of cements = slurry volume (ft3)/slurry yield
(ft3/sacks) = 1207/1.5 = 805 sacks
Mass of bentonite = 4% x total weight of cement
Weight of cement = volume x density = 1207 ft3 x 106 ibm/ft3
= 127942 lbm
Therefore,
Therefore
quantity of bentonite = 0.04 x 127942 lbm = 5117.7 lbm
Number of sacks of bentonite = 5117.7/94 lb/sack = 54 sacks
b. Volume of mix water = number of sacks x water requirements
per sacks = 805 sacks x 7.6 gal/sack = 6118 gal = 6118/42 =
145.7 bbl (23 m3)

EXAMPLE 1
c. Total job time = mixing time + time for release of plug +
displacement time
Total job time = 805 sacks/10 sacks/min + 15 min
+ internal capacity of casing excluding shoe track/pumping rate
= 80.5 + 15 + (1.9134 ft3/ft x (350-80) ft/300 gal/min x ft3/7.48
gal) = 80.5 + 15 + 12.9 = 108.4 min (or 1 h 48 min)
.

EXAMPLE 2
Hole depth:
Hole size:
Casing shoe:
Mud weight:
Casing dimensions:
Cement:

13900 ft (4237 m)
8 in (2215.9 mm)
13891 ft (4234 m)
87 pcf (1.394 kg/l)
OD/ID = 7 in/6.184 Grade C95 29#
cement column should be 6562 ft (2000 m)
long, as follows:
from shoe to 656 ft (200 m), use API Class G cement from 656 ft
to 6562 ft (200-2000 m), use API Class H cement with 2%
bentonite and 0.3% HR-4 (Note: HR-4 is a type of cement
retarder)

EXAMPLE 2
To prevent contamination of cement by mud, 30 bbl (4770 l) of
fresh water should be pumped ahead of the cement.
Allow 15 min for release of plugs
Shoe track: 80 ft (24 m)
Calculate:
1 Quantity of cement from each class;
1.
2. Volume of mix water;
3. Total time for the job
(Note: Mix cement at the rate of 25 sacks/min and displace
cement at 300 gpm (1136/min);
4. Pressure differential p
prior to bumping
p g the p
plug;
g;

EXAMPLE 2
5. Annular velocity during chase;
6. Total mud returns during the whole cementing operation.
Solution:
from cementing tables (Halliburton or Dowell Schlumberger), the
properties of the two classes of cement including the addtives are as
follows:
Class G cement
Class H cement
Slurry
Weight
118 pcf of 15.8 ppg
115 pcf of 15.5 ppg
Slurry
Volume
1.15 ft3/sack
1.22 ft3/sack
Mix
Water
5 gal/sack
5.49 gal/sack

EXAMPLE 2
1. Sacks of cement required
Class G
Volume of Class G slurry = volume of shoe track + volume of
pocket + volume of 656 ft of annular space = /4 x (6.184)2 x
1/144 x (80 ft) + /4 x (8.5)2 x 1/144 x (9 ft) + /4 (8.52-72) x
1/144 x (656) = 16.7 + 3.5 + 83.2 = 103.4 ft3
Number of sacks of Class G cement = 103.5 ft3/1.14 ft3/sack =90
Class H
Volume of slurry = (6562
(6562-656)
656) x annular capacity = 5906 x /4
/4
(8.52-72) x 1/144 = 748.9 ft3
Number of sacks of Class H cement = 748.9 ft3/1.22 ft3/sack =
614

EXAMPLE 2
2. Volume of mix water
Volume of mix water = water required for Class G and Class H
cement = (90 sacks x 5 gal/sack) Class G + (614 sacks x 5.49
gal/sack) Class H = 3820.9 gal = 91 bbl
3. Total job time
job time = mix time + (time for release) + displacement or chase
time of plugs = total number of sacks/mixing rate + 15 + inner
capacity of casing excluding shoe track/pumpping rate = (614 +
90) sacks/25
sac s/ 5 sac
sacks/min
s/
+15
5 + /
/4 x (6.184)
(6 8 )2 x 1/144
/
(13891-80)
( 389 80)
ft3/(300 gal/[min] x ft3/7.48gal) = 28.2 + 15 + 71.8 = 115 min

EXAMPLE 2
4. Differential pressure The 30 bbl of water pumped ahead of
the cement will occupy in the annulus a height, h, given by
h= 30 bbl x (5.62 ft3/bbl)/ 0.128 ft3/ft = 1330 ft
(annular capacity = 0.1268 ft3/ft)
Apressure differential exist during the cementing operation due
to density differences between mud, cement and the water
spacer. Referring
R f i tto Fi
Figure 11.29,
11 29 the
th total
t t l pressure differential,
diff
ti l
p, is given by
p= pressure differential due to density difference between:
(i) mud in casing and cement
cement (Grade G) in annulus for a hight of
(656-80) = 576 ft
+ (ii) mud in casing and cement (Grade H) in annulus for a
height of 5906 ft

EXAMPLE 2
+ (iii) mud in casing and water spacer in annulus for a height of
1330 ft
Assuming the density of fresh water is 62 pcf, then
p= 576 x (118-87)/144 + 5906 x (115-87)/144 + 1330 x (6287)/144 = 124 + 1148.4 + (-230.9) = 1042 psi
5 Annular velocity
5.
Using Q = VA (where V= velocity; Q= volume flow rate; A=
annular area)
V= Q/A = 300 gal/min/ /4(8.5
/4(8 52-7
72) in2 (ft3/7.48
/7 48 gal)/(ft2/144 in2) =
316 ft/min

EXAMPLE 2
6. Mud returns
Mud returns = steel volume + volume of water ahead + total
slurry volume = /4 (72-6.184
6.1842) x 1/44 (ft3/ft) x 13891 ft + (30 bbl)
+ (748.9 + 103.5) ft3 = 815.1 ft3 + 30 bbl x 5.62 ft3/bbl + 852.4 ft3
= 1836.1 ft3 = 326.7 bbl

EXERCISE 1

Data Given :
Casing dimensions :

OD 20 in (508 mm)
ID 18
18.73
73 in (475
(475.7
7 mm)
133 lbm/ft (198 kg/m)
26 in (660.4 mm)
500 ft (107 m)
67.4 pcf (9 ppg)

Hole size :
Casing setting depth :
Mud weight :
Cement properties :
Cement API Class G with 5% bentonite
Slurry weight :
106pcf (1.7 kg/l)
Slurry yield :
1 5 ft3/sack(43
1.5
ft3/sack(43.03
03 l/sack)

EXERCISE 1
Water requirement :
8 gal/sack (30.3 l/sack)
Pumping rate : through drillpipe 150 gal/min (1700 l/min)
through
g casing
g 350 g
gal/min ((2385 l/min))
Drill pipe :
OD/ID 5 in/4.276 in
19.5 lb/ft (29.02 kg/m)
Allow 20 min for the release of plugs and assume casing to be
cemented to surface.
a. Calculate required quantities of cement and bentonite for a
conventional cementing job. A shoe track of 80 ft (24 m) is to be
used. Also allow 50
0 % excess cement in the open hole.
b. Calculate volume of mixing water.
c. Calculate total time for the job, assuming that the mixing rate
i 15 sacks/min
is
k / i

EXERCISE 2
Hole depth:
Hole size:
Casing shoe:
Mud weight:
Casing dimensions:
Cement:

13900 ft (4237 m)
8 in (2215.9 mm)
13891 ft (4234 m)
87 pcf (1.394 kg/l)
OD/ID = 7 in/6.184 Grade C95 29#
cement column should be 7000 ft (2133.5
m) long, as follows:
from shoe to 1000 ft (305 m), use API Class G cement from
1000 fft to 7000
000 fft (30
(305-2133.5
2133 m),
) use API C
Class H cement with
1% bentonite and 1% HR-4 (Note: HR-4 is a type of cement
retarder)

EXERCISE 2
To prevent contamination of cement by mud, 50 bbl (7950 l) of
fresh water should be pumped ahead of the cement.
Allow 15 min for release of plugs
Shoe track: 80 ft (24 m)
Calculate:
1 Quantity of cement from each class;
1.
2. Volume of mix water;
3. Total time for the job
(Note: Mix cement at the rate of 20 sacks/min and displace
cement at 300 gpm (1136/min);
4. Pressure differential p
prior to bumping
p g the p
plug;
g;

EXERCISE 2
5. Annular velocity during chase;
6. Total mud returns during the whole cementing operation.
CLUE :
from cementing tables (Halliburton or Dowell Schlumberger), the
properties of the two classes of cement including the addtives are
as follows:
Class G cement
Class H cement
Slurry
Weight
118 pcf of 15.8 ppg
115 pcf of 15.5 ppg
Slurry
Volume
1.15 ft3/sack
1.22 ft3/sack
Mix
Water
5 gal/sack
5.49 gal/sack

Questions ?

PR-11
1.
2.
3.
4
4.
5.
6.
7.

Sebutkan fungsi penyemenan dan jenis-2 penyemenan

Apa yang dimaksud dengan squeezed cementing
Sebutkan aplikasi squeezed cementing
Sebutkan parameter yang menyebabkan terjadinya filter
cake pada penyemenan ulang
Apa yang dimaksud Squeeze Cementing - Job Cycle
Sebutkan metoda Squeeze Cementing
Sebutkan cara melakukan evaluasi hasil cement job