Weld Cost Calc XL

Legal Statement Year 2006 release
Copyright 2006 Mark F. Mruczek
Terms
This software was developed by Mark F. Mruczek
If you use this product you agree to the following terms and conditions:
1 The user uses this software at their own risk.
2 This notice must be included with all copies made.
3 This product is used "as is" without warrantees or liability. It is your responsibility
to know how to use this software. Any job/weldment quoted with this software
is the users responsibility. Mruczek's Welding Engineering does not guarantee the accuracy of this product.
4 All risk associated with this products use is assumed by the user.
5 All cost calculated with this spreadsheet are for welding only. It does not take into consideration machining cost,
material cost (other than welding material)
Changes To Spreadsheet
If you make any changes to this spreadsheet you are responsible for any and all changes that you make.
Comments
If you have comments, corrections or questions about this product send an email
to mmruczek@atlanticbb.net. I will try to answer all e-mails in a timely manner.
mmruczek@atlanticbb.net
Verification
This program was verified the following ways
1 Hand calculations
2 Comparison with other commercial software and publications
Although every effort was made to make this software as accurate and easy to understand as possible, there
is no way to guarantee it's accuracy. There are assumptions that must be made concerning welder and process efficiency.
Process efficiency is built into the program and the information was obtained from numerous publications.
Welder efficiency is supplied by the user. This is one of the most basic factors in the cost calculations and must be determined
as accurately as possible in order to make sound evaluations of welding cost.
Welder Efficiency
Welder Efficiency - Welder Efficiency is the percentage of a welders working day that is actually spent welding.
A 45% (.45) operating factor means that only 45% of the welders day is actually spent welding (4.4 hrs). The balance of time
is spent installing a new electrode or wire, cleaning slag, positioning the weldment, cleaning spatter from the welding gun,
preparing the joint, moving parts, coffee break etc. If the actual operating factor is not known, the following averages can be
used.
30% may be used with the shielded metal arc welding process(SMAW)
50% may be used with the Gas metal arc welding process (GMAW)
45% may be used with the FluxCored Arc Welding process (FCAW)
45%-50% may be used with the Submerged Arc Welding process (SAW)
50% may be used with any automatic Welding process
Labor and Overhead Rates

Labor and overhead are considered jointly in all calculations in this spreadsheet. Labor is the welders hourly pay rate which
includes their wages and benefits. Overhead includes allocated portions of plant operating and maintenance costs.
Weld shops in manufacturing plants normally have established labor and overhead rates for each department. Labor and
overhead rates can vary greatly from plant to plant, and also with location.
Weld Joint Drawings

All weld joint drawings were produced usign Arc Works Software developed and distributed by Lincoln Electric Co.
Copyright 1998 Lincoln Electric Company
ermined
of time
an be
which
c Co.
WELD COST CALC XL - MAIN MENU

Please Select The Type of Weld Joint You Wish To Evaluate by Pointing to and Clicking on The
Appropriate Joint Design Below
FILLET WELD
Double Bevel
Compound Single-Bevel
SINGLE - V GROOVE
Single-U
Double-U
DOUBLE-V GROOVE
Single-J
Overlay / Surfacing
SINGLE BEVEL
Double-J
Deposition Rate Calculations And Wire Feed Rate

Metric Units
English Units
Please choose units before you enter data into the fields below
PROCESS
GMAW 98%
(Spray)
GMAW 96%
(75Ar-25CO2)Use this worksheet to determine the wire
CONSUMABLE:
ER71T-1
Inco 622
Wire Diameter (in)
0.045
0.045
it takes to feed a given length of wire.
Time Wire Fed( sec)

Length of Wire Fed (in)
15.00
79.00
16.88
52.375
1.) Set the wire feed control to the

desired location to achive the WPS amps
Filler Metal Type
Carbon
Steel
0.284
Wire Feed Rate

GMAW (Spray)
For
Dep Rate For
GMAW (Spray)
Nickel 0.310
Alloy
and deposition rate by measuring the time
2.) Cut the welding electrode flush with the

end of the contact tube.
316.00
in/min
3.) Press the welding trigger (or Jog control
8.38
lb/hr
on the wire feeder). Allow the wire to feed

while timing.
Wire Feed Rate

GMAW (75Ar-25CO2)
For
Dep Rate For GMAW (75Ar-25CO2)
Deposition Rate
Calculation
D rate
186.17
in/min
5.29
lb/hr
Same time.
5.) Measure the length of wire feed and
enter into the sheet as well as the time
wire dia
4.) Stop the wire feed and stop watch at the
wire speed E
Process efficiency (E) is based on the process type and describes how many pounds of weld metal can be expected
from a given weight of the electrode or welding wire purchased. As an example, 100 pounds of a flux cored
electrode with an efficiency of 85% will produce approximately 85 pounds of weld metal, whereas 100 pounds
of shielded-metal-arc electrode with an efficiency of 65% will produce approximately 65 pounds of weld metal
Units =
Last
1
1
DETERMINING WELDING COST FOR A FILLET WELD

Mark Mruczek
Senior Welding Engineer
Mruczek Welding Engineering
Project: Tube to Header Welds Cost

Company: CMI / EPTI
Subject: Welding Cost & Time
Welding process(es) Used: GTAW
Base Material: CS
Product Form: Pipe
Filler Material ER70S-6
Trade Name:
Process 1
Leg Size (in)
0.375
in
Filler material
0
Carbon Steel
Process
Gas Used
Amps
Volts
Wire Feed (in/min)
Electrode Diam. (in)
Total Length of Weld (ft)
Travel Speed (in/min)
Gas Flow Rate (ft^3/hr)
Welder Efficiency
Cost Electrode ($/lb)
Labor/Overhead Rate
Cost of Gas
Gas Cylinder Size (ft^3)
Power Cost
Cost of Flux ($/lb)
GTAW
Date:
Page:
Choose Units
For This Sh...
English Units
Leg Size (in)

Filler material
Process
Gas Used
Ar
110
15
0
0.09375
0.654
2.0
35
05/17/07
1 of 2
A
V
in/min
in
ft
in/min
ft^3/hr
Amps
Volts
Wire Feed (in/min)
Welder Efficiency
Labor/Overhead Rate
Cost of Gas
Power Cost
Cost of Flux ($/lb)
30%
Metric Units
Process 2
0.375 in
0
Carbon Steel
GTAW
Ar
115
15
0
0.09375
0.654
2.3
35
A
V
in/min
in
ft
in/min
ft^3/hr
30%
2.62 $/lb
2.62 $/lb
50 $/hr
50.00 $/hr
30.00 $/bottle
30.00 $/bottle
330 ft^3
330.00 ft^3
0.20 $/kwh
0.20 $/kwh
- $/lb
- $/lb
Leg Size- The leg size shown above is what is required. For cost calculations 10% is added to the size shown. This is consistant with normal shop practices.
In other words welders will typically produce a weld that is 10% larger than what is required.
Fillet welds are assumed to be convex rather than flat for cost calculations (See Drawings to the right.
Units =
Last
1
1
Scroll Down To See Results
Flat
Convex
WELDING COST OUTPUT FOR A FILLET WELD

OUTPUT FOR
Err:502
Labor Cost
Amount of filler metal needed
0.16 lbs
Welding Electrode Cost
Number of passes per joint ~
2
Gas Cost
Size of fillet weld**
0.254 in
Flux Cost
Amount of shielding gas used
#VALUE! ft^3
Pow er Cost
Number of Gas Bottles Required
#VALUE!
Actual welding time
#VALUE! hr
Labor Cost
#VALUE!
$
0.43
Gas Cost
#VALUE!
100%
Flux Cost
$
Power Cost
#VALUE!
Initial Cost
#VALUE!
0%
Final Cost
#VALUE!
Total cost per ft of weld
#VALUE! $/ft
Filler cost per ft of weld
0.66 $/ft
Flux cost per ft of weld
- $/ft
Gas cost per ft of weld
#VALUE! $/ft
Labor cost per ft of weld
#VALUE! $/ft
Shift Productivity
#VALUE! lb welded in 8 hr
** Size of the fillet weld is based on heat input. This information can be used to adjust your amps & volts to achieve the leg size you entered in Cell B10
OUTPUT FOR
GTAW
Labor Cost
0.16 lbs
2
Gas Cost
Size of fillet weld**
0.242 in
Flux Cost
Amount of shielding gas
#VALUE! ft^3
Pow er Cost
#VALUE!
Actual welding time
#VALUE! hr
Labor Cost
#VALUE!
100%
$
0.43
Gas Cost
#VALUE!
Flux Cost
$
Power Cost
#VALUE!
Initial Cost
#VALUE!
0%
Final Cost
#VALUE!
#VALUE! $/ft
0.66 $/ft
- $/ft
#VALUE! $/ft
#VALUE! $/ft
Shift Productivity
#VALUE! Provides A
#VALUE!
Savings Relative To The #VALUE!
DETERMINING WELDING COST FOR A SINGLE-BEVEL GROOVE WELD

Mark Mruczek
Welding Engineer
Johnstown PA, 15905
Base Material:
Project: Weld Cost Comparison
Company:
Product Form:
Filler Material
Subject: Header Division Plate Current Design HP Econ
Welding process(es) Used:
SMAW / FCAW
Trade Name:
Notes: process 1 = root pass, process 2 = Fill and cap passes
Process 1 SMAW Root Pass
Thickness (in)
0.093 in
Height of "h" (in)
0.093 in
Root Opening (in)
0.093 in
Root Face(in)
0.0930 in
Filler material
Process
Gas Used
Amps
Volts
Wire Feed (in/min)
Joint Angle
Total Weld Length (ft)
Welder Efficiency
Labor Rate
Cost of Gas
Power Cost
Cost of Flux ($/lb)
Units =
Last
Carbon Steel
SMAW (12" Stick)
N/A
95
20
0
0.09375
50
2.29
5
0
A
V
in/min
in
deg
ft
in/min
ft^3/hr
35%
2.51
60.00
0
0.20
1
1
$/lb
$/hr
$/bottle
ft^3
$/kwh
Pipe/Plate
ER71T-1
Lincoln
Date:
Page:
12/17/06
1 of 2
Choose Units
For This She... English Units
Metric Units
Process 2 FCAW Fill Passes

Thickness (in)
0.8905
Height of "h" (in)
0.093
Root Opening (in)
0.093
Root Face(in)
0.093
in
in
in
in
Filler material
Process
Gas Used
Carbon Steel
Amps
Volts
Wire Feed (in/min)
Joint Angle
Welder Efficiency
Labor Rate
Cost of Gas/bottle
Power Cost
265
28
320
0.045
50
2.81
10
35
Cost of Flux ($/lb)
FCAW (Gas)
75Ar-25C02
A
V
in/min
in
deg
ft
in/min
ft^3/hr
45%
3.00
60.00
40.00
330.00
0.20
-
$/lb
$/hr
$/bottle
ft^3
$/kwh
$/lb
WELDING COST OUTPUT FOR A SINGLE-BEVEL GROOVE WELD

OUTPUT FOR Process 1 SMAW Root Pass
#VALUE! lbs
#VALUE!
#VALUE! ft^3
Number Gas Bottles Required
N/A
Actual welding time
#VALUE! hr
Deposition Rate
#VALUE! lb/hr
Labor Cost
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Gas Cost
$
Flux Cost
$
Power Cost
#VALUE!
Initial Cost
#VALUE!
0%
Final Cost
#VALUE!
#VALUE! $/ft
#VALUE! $/ft
- $/ft
- $/ft
#VALUE! $/ft
Shift Productivity
OUTPUT FOR Process 2 FCAW Fill Passes
6 lbs
12
Amount of shielding gas Req.
#VALUE! ft^3
#VALUE!
Actual welding time
#VALUE!
Deposition Rate
#VALUE! lb/hr
Labor Cost
#VALUE!
$
17.20
Gas Cost
#VALUE!
Flux Cost
$
Power Cost
#VALUE!
Initial Cost
#VALUE!
0%
Final Cost
#VALUE!
#VALUE! $/ft
6.12 $/ft
- $/ft
#VALUE! $/ft
#VALUE! $/ft
Shift Productivity
#VALUE! Provides A #VALUE! Savings Relative To The
Labor Cost
Gas Cost
Flux Cost
Power Cost
Labor Cost
Gas Cost
Flux Cost
Pow er Cost
Welding Electrode Cos t

100%
#VALUE!
DETERMINING WELDING COST FOR A DOUBLE-BEVEL GROOVE WELD

Mark Mruczek
Project:
Company:
Subject: Welding Cost Comparison GMAW-P vs SAW
Welding process(es) Used: GMAW-P
Base Material: HSLA-80

Product Form: Plate
Filler Material MIL-100S
Trade Name:
Process 1
9.5 mm
Thickness (in)
2.5 mm
Cap Height "h"(in)
2.5 mm
Root Height "h"(in)
0 mm
Root Opening (in)
1.5 mm
Root Face(in)
4 mm
Depth of Bevel (D1)
Filler material
Process
Gas Used
Carbon Steel
MCAW
95Ar-5Co2
250 A
Amps
26 V
Volts
6.985 m/min
Wire Feed (m/min)
1.143 mm
Electrode Diam. (mm)
45 deg
Bevel Angle Top Side
45 deg
Bevel Angle Back
6 m
Total Weld Length (m)
0.2667 m/min
Travel Speed (m/min)
17 L/min
Gas Flow Rate (L/min)
Welder Efficiency
35%
10.89 $/kg
Cost Electrode ($/kg)
- $/kg
Cost of Flux ($/kg)
55.00 $/hr
Labor Rate ($/hr)
40.00 $/bottle
Gas Cost(per bottle)
9.34428 m^3
Gas Cylinder Size (m^3)
0.18 $/kwh
Power Cost
Units =
Last
2
2
Date:
Page:
03/22/06
1 of 2
Choose Units
For This She...
English Units
Thickness (in)
Cap Height "h"(in)
Root Height "h"(in)
Root Opening (in)
Root Face(in)
Depth of Bevel (D1)
Filler material
Metric Units
Process 2
12 mm
2.5 mm
2.5 mm
0 mm
4 mm
6 mm
Carbon Steel
Process
SAW
Gas Used
N/A
Amps
Volts
Wire Feed (m/min)
Electrode Diam. (mm)
Bevel Angle Back
Welder Efficiency
Cost Electrode ($/kg)
Cost of Flux ($/kg)
Labor Rate ($/hr)
Gas Cylinder Size (m^3)
Power Cost
425
35
7.442
2
45
45
12.192
0.4064
0
A
V
m/min
mm
deg
deg
m
m/min
L/min
40%
10.71
8.95
55.00
0
0.18
$/kg
$/kg
$/hr
$/bottle
m^3
$/kwh
WELDING COST OUTPUT FOR A DOUBLE-BEVEL GROOVE WELD

OUTPUT FOR MCAW
Amount of Flux needed
Actual welding time
Deposition Rate
Labor Cost
Flux Cost
Gas Cost
Power Cost
Initial Cost
10%
Final Cost
Total cost per meter of weld
Filler cost per meter of weld
Flux cost per meter of weld
Gas cost per meter of weld
Labor cost per meter of weld
Shift Productivity
#VALUE!
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
OUTPUT FOR SAW

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
N/A
Actual welding time
#VALUE!
Deposition Rate
#VALUE!
Labor Cost
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Flux Cost
#VALUE!
Gas Cost
$
Power Cost
#VALUE!
Initial Cost
#VALUE!
10%
Final Cost
#VALUE!
Total cost per meter of weld
#VALUE!
Filler cost per meter of weld
#VALUE!
Flux cost per meter of weld
#VALUE!
Gas cost per meter of weld
Labor cost per meter of weld
#VALUE!
Shift Productivity
#VALUE!
#VALUE! Provides A
#VALUE!
Labor Cost
Gas Cost
kg
kg

Power Cost
Flux Cost
m^3
hrs
kg/hr
$/m
$/m
$/m
$/m
$/m
kg welded in 8 hr
Labor Cost
kg
kg
m^3
hr
kg/hr
$/m
$/m
$/m
$/m
$/m
kg welded in 8 hr
Savings Relative To The
###
Flux Cost
Gas Cost
Pow er Cost
40%
DETERMINING WELDING COST FOR A COMPOUND SINGLE-BEVEL GROOVE WELD

Mark Mruczek
Welding Engineer
Johnstown PA, 15905
Base Material:
Project: Weld Cost Comparison
Company:
Product Form:
Filler Material
Subject: Header Endplate HP ECON New Design
Welding process(es) Used: SMAW /FCAW
Trade Name:
Notes: process 1 = root pass, process 2 = Fill and cap passes
Process 1
0.98425197 in
Thickness
0.09375 in
Height of "h"
0.19685039 in
Root Opening
0.06299213 in
Root Face
0.75 in
Depth of root Bevel
Filler material
Carbon Steel
Process
Gas Used
FCAW (Gas)
275
28
330
0.052
30
10
2.81
10.5
35
Welder Efficiency
Cost of Flux ($/lb)
Labor Rate ($/hr)
Power Cost
Units =
12/17/06
1 of 2
Choose Units
For This She...
English Units
Process
Gas Used
A
V
in/min
in
deg
deg
ft
in/min
ft^3/hr
Amps
Volts
Wire Feed (in/min)
Root Angle (deg)
Final Angle (deg)
45%
3.00
60.00
40.00
330.00
0.20
1
Date:
Page:
Thickness
Height of "h"
Root Opening
Root Face
Depth of root Bevel
Filler material
75Ar-25C02
Amps
Volts
Wire Feed (in/min)
Root Angle (deg)
Final Angle (deg)
CS
Pipe / Plate
E71T-1
Lincoln
$/lb
$/lb
$/hr
$/bottle
ft^3
$/kwh
Last
Welder Efficiency
Cost of Flux ($/lb)
Labor Rate ($/hr)
Power Cost
Metric Units
Process 2
0.98425 in
0.09375 in
0.19685 in
0.06299 in
0.75 in
Carbon Steel
GMAW (Spray)
95Ar-5Co2
425
32
200
0.052
30
10
2.81
11
0
A
V
in/min
in
deg
deg
ft
in/min
ft^3/hr
45%
2.25
1.50
50.00
40.00
330
0.15
$/lb
$/lb
$/hr
$/bottle
ft^3
$/kwh
WELDING COST OUTPUT FOR A COMPOUND SINGLE-BEVEL GROOVE WELD

OUTPUT FOR FCAW (Gas)
Actual welding time
Deposition Rate
Labor Cost
Flux Cost
$
Gas Cost
Power Cost
Initial Cost
0%
Final Cost
$
Shift Productivity
#VALUE!
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
lbs
lbs
OUTPUT FOR GMAW (Spray)

Actual welding time
Deposition Rate
Labor Cost
Flux Cost
Gas Cost
Power Cost
Initial Cost
0%
Final Cost
Shift Productivity
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
lbs
lbs
Labor Cost
ft^3
Flux Cost
hr
lb/hr
Pow er Cost
Labor Cos t
ft^3
bottles
hr
lb/hr
Flux Cos t
Gas Cost
Power Cost
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
lb welded in 8 hr
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
lb welded in 8 hr

Gas Cost
#VALUE! Provides A
#VALUE!
###
GMAW (Spray)
DETERMINING WELDING COST FOR A SINGLE-V GROOVE WELD

Mark Mruczek
CTC
Johnstown PA, 15905
Project:
GMAW Tow Bars
Company: Utility Tool & Trailer
Subject:
Tow Bar Welding Cost
Notes:
Base Material:
Product Form:
Filler Material
Trade Name:
Process 1
0.375 in
Thickness (in)
0.125 in
Height of "h" (in)
0.125 in
Root Opening (in)
0.0000 in
Root Face(in)
Filler material
Process
Gas Used
Amps
Volts
Wire Feed (in/min)
Joint Angle (deg)
Welder Efficiency
Labor Rate
Cost of Gas
Power Cost
Cost of Flux ($/lb)
Units =
Last
Carbon Steel
CS
Tube/Bar
ER70S-2
Lincoln L-50
Date:
Page:
Choose Units
For This She...
03/09/07
1 of 2
English Units
Process 2
Thickness (in)
Height of "h" (in)
Root Opening (in)
Root Face(in)
Filler material
Process
Gas Used
GTAW
98Ar-2O2
100
15
225
0.045
37.5
4.00
11
35
A
V
in/min
in
deg
2.30
50.00
40.00
330
0.20
1
2
$/lb
$/hr
$/bottle
ft^3
$/kwh
$/lb
ft
in/min
ft^3/hr
15%
Metric Units
2
0.125
0.125
0.0000
Units =
Last
in
in
in
Carbon Steel
SMAW (12" Stick)
N/A
200
Amps
26
Volts
225
Wire Feed (in/min)
0.045
37.5
Joint Angle (deg)
4.00
4
35
Welder Efficiency
15%
2.30
50.00
Labor Rate
40.00
Cost of Gas
330.00
0.20
Power Cost
Cost of Flux ($/lb)
in
A
V
in/min
in
deg
ft
in/min
ft^3/hr
$/lb
$/hr
$/bottle
ft^3
$/kwh
$/lb
WELDING COST OUTPUT FOR A SINGLE-V GROOVE WELD

OUTPUT FOR Process 1 GTAW
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Actual welding time
#VALUE!
Deposition Rate
#VALUE!
Labor Cost
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Gas Cost
#VALUE!
Flux Cost
$
Power Cost
#VALUE!
Initial Cost
#VALUE!
0%
Final Cost
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Shift Productivity
#VALUE!
lbs
ft^3
Labor Cos t
Flux Cos t
Power Cos t
Gas Cos t
hr
lb/hr
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
lb welded /in 8 hr
OUTPUT FOR Process 2 SMAW (12" Stick)

#VALUE! lbs
#VALUE!
#VALUE! ft^3
N/A
Actual welding time
#VALUE! hr
Deposition Rate
#VALUE! lb/hr
Labor Cost
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Gas Cost
#VALUE!
Flux Cost
$
Power Cost
#VALUE!
Initial Cost
#VALUE!
0%
Final Cost
#VALUE!
#VALUE! $/ft
#VALUE! $/ft
- $/ft
#VALUE! $/ft
#VALUE! $/ft
Shift Productivity
#VALUE! Provides a
#VALUE!
Labor Cost
Power Cost
Gas Cost
Flux Cost
PERFORMANCE AND COST COMPARISONS

12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
Process 1
Process 2
4.00
2.00
0.00
Shift Productivity
Deposition Rate
Total cost per ft

of weld
Labor cost per ft

of weld
Metric Units
Carbon Steel
SMAW (12" Stick)
15%
DETERMINING WELDING COST FOR A DOUBLE-V GROOVE WELD

Mark Mruczek
Welding Engineer
Project:
Company: NSRP
Subject:
Welding Cost
Welding process(es) CWF SAW
Base Material:
Product Form:
Filler Material
Trade Name:
Process 1
2 in
Thickness (in)
0.125 in
Cap Height "h"(in)
0.125 in
Root Height "h"(in)
0.000 in
Root Opening (in)
0.150 in
Root Face(in)
0.925 in
Depth of Bevel (D1)
Filler material
HSLA-65/100
Date:
10/10/05
Plate
Page:
1 of 2
Choose Units
MIL-70S-3
English Units
Metric Units
Lincoln LA-100 For This Sheet
Thickness (in)
Cap Height "h"(in)
Root Height "h"(in)
Root Opening (in)
Root Face(in)
Depth of Bevel (D1)
Filler material
Carbon Steel
Process
SAW
Process
Gas Used
N/A
Gas Used
Amps
Volts
Wire Feed (in/min)
Bevel Angle Back
Welder Efficiency
Cost Electrode
Cost of Flux ($/lb)
Labor Rate ($/hr)
Power Cost
Units =
Last
Process 2
2 in
0.125 in
0.125 in
0.000 in
0.150 in
0.925 in
Carbon Steel
SAW-Twin Wire
N/A
415
31.5
57
0.125
55
55
75000
9.00
0.00
A
V
in/min
in
deg
deg
ft
in/min
ft^3/hr
Amps
Volts
Wire Feed (in/min)
Bevel Angle Back
2.93
4.45
60.00
0
0.20
1
1
$/lb
$/lb
$/hr
$/bottle
ft^3
$/kwh
Welder Efficiency
40%
3.93 $/lb
Cost Electrode
4.45 $/lb
Cost of Flux ($/lb)
50.00 $/hr
Labor Rate ($/hr)
- $/bottle
0 ft^3
0.18 $/kwh
Power Cost
50%
680
32
250
0.0625
55
55
75000
20.00
0
A
V
in/min
in
deg
deg
ft
in/min
ft^3/hr
WELDING COST OUTPUT FOR A DOUBLE-V GROOVE WELD

OUTPUT FOR SAW
Actual welding time
Deposition Rate
Labor Cost
Flux Cost
Gas Cost
Power Cost
Initial Cost
0%
Final Cost
Shift Productivity
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
lbs
lbs
Labor Cos t
Flux Cost
Gas Cos t
Power Cos t
ft^3
hr
lb/hr
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
lb welded in 8 hr
OUTPUT FOR SAW-Twin Wire

#VALUE! lbs
#VALUE! lbs
#VALUE!
#VALUE! ft^3
N/A
Actual welding time
#VALUE! hr
Deposition Rate
#VALUE! lb/hr
Labor Cost
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Flux Cost
#VALUE!
Gas Cost
$
Power Cost
#VALUE!
Initial Cost
#VALUE!
0%
Final Cost
#VALUE!
#VALUE! $/ft
#VALUE! $/ft
#VALUE! $/ft
- $/ft
#VALUE! $/ft
Shift Productivity
Labor Cos t
Gas Cost
Power Cost
Flux Cost
#VALUE! Provides a
#VALUE!
###
Labor Cos t
Gas Cost
Power Cost
Flux Cost
DETERMINING WELDING COST FOR A SINGLE-U GROOVE WELD

Mark Mruczek
Welding Engineer
Project:
Company:
Subject:
Welding Cost
Base Material: SA335 P-22

Product Form: Pipe
Filler Material E71T-1
Trade Name:
Date:
Page:
08/07/02
1 of 2
Choose Units
For This Sheet
English Units
Metric Units
Johnstown, PA
Process 1
0.375 in
Thickness (in)
0.01 in
Cap Height "h"(in)
0.125 in
Root Opening (in)
0.25 in
Radius of U groove
0.0625 in
Radius Offset
0.0625 in
Root Face(in)
0.5 in
Depth of Bevel (D)
Filler material
Process
Gas Used
Amps
Volts
Wire Feed (in/min)
Welder Efficiency
Cost Electrode
Cost of Flux ($/lb)
Labor Rate ($/hr)
Power Cost
Units =
Last
Thickness (in)
Cap Height "h"(in)
Root Opening (in)
Radius of U groove
Radius Offset
Root Face(in)
Depth of Bevel (D)
Filler material
Carbon Steel
GTAW
Ar
60%
135
18
20
0.125
20
7.32
7
35
0%
7.00
31.00
50.00
330
0.18
1
1
A
V
in/min
in
deg
ft
in/min
ft^3/hr
$/lb
$/lb
$/hr
$/bottle
ft^3
$/kwh
Process 2
2.875 in
0.125 in
0.125 in
0.25 in
0 in
0.125 in
2.875 in
Carbon Steel
Process
FCAW (Gas)
Gas Used
75Ar-25C02
Amps
Volts
Wire Feed (in/min)
Welder Efficiency
Cost Electrode
Cost of Flux ($/lb)
Labor Rate ($/hr)
Power Cost
260
26
310
0.045
18
100
18
35
60% 0%
6.00
31.00
50.00
330
0.18
A
V
in/min
in
deg
ft
in/min
ft^3/hr
$/lb
$/lb
$/hr
$/bottle
ft^3
$/kwh
WELDING COST OUTPUT FOR A SINGLE-U GROOVE WELD

OUTPUT FOR GTAW
Actual welding time
Deposition Rate
Labor Cost
Flux Cost
Gas Cost
Power Cost
Initial Cost
20%
Final Cost
Shift Productivity
OUTPUT FOR FCAW (Gas)

Actual welding time
Deposition Rate
Labor Cost
Flux Cost
$
Gas Cost
Power Cost
Initial Cost
20%
Final Cost
Shift Productivity
#VALUE!
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
lbs
lbs
Labor Cos t
ft^3
Flux Cost
hr
lb/hr
Power Cos t
#VALUE!
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
lbs
lbs

Gas Cost
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
lb welded in 8 hr
ft^3
hr
lb/hr
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
lb welded in 8 hr
Labor Cost
Flux Cost
Gas Cost
Power Cost
#VALUE! Provides A
#VALUE!
###
Labor Cost
Flux Cost
Gas Cost
Power Cost
DETERMINING WELDING COST FOR A Double-U GROOVE WELD

Mark Mruczek
Welding Engineer
Project:
Company:
Subject:
Welding Cost
Process 1
4
Thickness (in)
0.0625
Cap Height "h"(in)
0.125
Root Opening (in)
0.5
Radius of U Top Side
0.5
Radius of U Bottom Side
0
Radius Offset Top Side
0
Radius Offset Bottom
0.25
Root Face(in)
1.875
Depth of Bevel (D)
Filler material
Carbon Steel
Process
MCAW
Gas Used
Base Material: A 516

Product Form: Plate
Filler Material E71T-1
Trade Name:
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
98Ar-2Co2
Amps
Volts
Wire Feed (in/min)
Bevel Angle Back
Welder Efficiency
Cost Electrode
Cost of Flux ($/lb)
Labor Rate ($/hr)
Power Cost
Units =
Last
50%
Choose Units
For This Sheet
08/07/02
1 of 2
English Units
Metric Units
Process 2
4 in
Thickness (in)
0.0625 in
Cap Height "h"(in)
0 in
Root Opening (in)
0.5 in
Radius of U groove
0.5 in
Radius of U Bottom Side
0.13 in
Radius Offset Top Side
0.13 in
Radius Offset Bottom
0.25 in
Root Face(in)
1.875 in
Depth of Bevel (D)
Filler material
Carbon Steel
Process
GTAW
Gas Used
N/A
325
28
400
0.052
20
20
100
10
35
A
V
in/min
in
deg
deg
ft
in/min
ft^3/hr
3.93
55.00
35.00
330
0.18
$/lb
$/lb
$/hr
$/bottle
ft^3
$/kwh
1
1
Date:
Page:
Amps
Volts
Wire Feed (in/min)
Bevel Angle Back
Welder Efficiency
Cost Electrode
Cost of Flux ($/lb)
Labor Rate ($/hr)
Power Cost
350
28
400
0.052
20
20
100
10
35
50%
3.93
55.00
35.00
330
0.18
A
V
in/min
in
deg
deg
ft
in/min
ft^3/hr
$/lb
$/lb
$/hr
$/bottle
ft^3
$/kwh
WELDING COST OUTPUT FOR A DOUBLE-U GROOVE WELD

OUTPUT FOR MCAW
Actual welding time
Deposition Rate
Labor Cost
Flux Cost
Gas Cost
Power Cost
Initial Cost
12%
Final Cost
Shift Productivity
OUTPUT FOR
GTAW
Actual welding time
Deposition Rate
Labor Cost
Flux Cost
Gas Cost
Power Cost
Initial Cost
12%
Final Cost
Shift Productivity
#VALUE!
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
lbs
lbs
passes
ft^3
bottle(s)
hr
lb/hr
#VALUE!
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
lbs
lbs
passes
ft^3
bottle(s)
hr
lb/hr
Labor Cos t
Flux Cost
Gas Cost
Power Cos t
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
lb welded in 8 hr
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
lb welded in 8 hr
Labor Cost
Flux Cost
Gas Cos t
Power Cos t
#VALUE! Provides A
#VALUE!
Cost Savings Relative To The
#VALUE!
Labor Cos t
Flux Cost
Gas Cost
Power Cos t
Labor Cost
Flux Cost
Gas Cos t
Power Cos t
DETERMINING WELDING COST FOR A SINGLE-J GROOVE WELD

Mark Mruczek
Project: Tube to Header Welds Cost

Company: CMI/EPTI
Subject:
Welding Cost and Time
Base Material: SA106

Product Form: Pipe
Filler Material ER70S-6
Trade Name:
Date:
Page:
Choose Units
For This She...
05/17/07
1 of 2
English Units
Metric Units
Johnstown, PA
Process 1
0.5 in
Thickness (in)
0.001 in
Cap Height "h"(in)
0 in
Root Opening (in)
0.25 in
Radius of J groove
0 in
Radius Offset
0.125 in
Root Face(in)
0.25 in
Depth of Bevel (D)
Filler material
Process
Gas Used
Carbon Steel
Amps
Volts
Wire Feed (in/min)
Welder Efficiency
Cost Electrode
Cost of Flux ($/lb)
Labor Rate ($/hr)
Power Cost
120
15
0
0.09375
20
0.654
3
35
0%
30%
2.62
50.00
30.00
330
0.20
Units =
Last
Thickness (in)
Cap Height "h"(in)
Root Opening (in)
Radius of J groove
Radius Offset
Root Face(in)
Depth of Bevel (D)
Filler material
Process
Gas Used
GTAW
Ar
1
1
A
V
in/min
in
deg
ft
in/min
ft^3/hr
$/lb
$/lb
$/hr
$/bottle
ft^3
$/kwh
Amps
Volts
Wire Feed (in/min)
Welder Efficiency
Cost Electrode
Cost of Flux ($/lb)
Labor Rate ($/hr)
Power Cost
Process 2
0.5 in
0.001 in
0 in
0.25 in
0 in
0.125 in
0.25 in
0.1125
Carbon Steel
0.25
GTAW
Ar
115
15
0
0.09375
20
0.654
4
35
3
30%
2.62
50.00
30.00
330
0.20
A
V
in/min
in
deg
ft
in/min
ft^3/hr
$/lb
$/lb
$/hr
$/bottle
ft^3
$/kwh
WELDING COST OUTPUT FOR A SINGLE-J GROOVE WELD

OUTPUT FOR GTAW
Actual welding time
Deposition Rate
Labor Cost
Flux Cost
Gas Cost
Power Cost
Initial Cost
0%
Final Cost
Shift Productivity
OUTPUT FOR GTAW
Actual welding time
Deposition Rate
Labor Cost
Flux Cost
Gas Cost
Power Cost
Initial Cost
0%
Final Cost
Shift Productivity
#VALUE!
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
lbs
lbs
passes
ft^3
bottle(s)
hr
lb/hr
#VALUE!
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
lbs
lbs
passes
ft^3
bottle(s)
hr
lb/hr
Labor Cos t
Flux Cost
Gas Cost
Power Cos t
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
lb welded in 8 hr
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
lb welded in 8 hr
Labor Cos t
Flux Cos t
Gas Cost
Power Cost
#VALUE! Provides A
#VALUE!
###
Labor Cos t
Flux Cost
Gas Cost
Power Cos t
Labor Cos t
Flux Cos t
Gas Cost
Power Cost
DETERMINING WELDING COST FOR A Double-J GROOVE WELD

Mark Mruczek
Welding Engineer
Project: MLMS Project

Company: Office Of Navel Research
Subject:
Welding Cost
Welding process(es) Used: SAW / SAW-TW
Base Material: HSLA-100

Product Form: Plate
Filler Material EMS
Trade Name:
Process 1
4 in
Thickness (in)
0.063 in
Cap Height "h"(in)
0 in
Root Opening (in)
0.5 in
Radius of J groove
0.177 in
Radius Offset
0.25 in
Root Face(in)
1.8125 in
Depth of Bevel (D)
Filler material
Process
Gas Used
Amps
Volts
Wire Feed (in/min)
Bevel Angle Back Side
Welder Efficiency
Cost Electrode
Cost of Flux ($/lb)
Labor Rate ($/hr)
Power Cost
Units =
Last
SAW
N/A
50%
1
1
A
V
in/min
in
deg
deg
ft
in/min
ft^3/hr
$/lb
$/lb
$/hr
$/bottle
ft^3
$/kwh
Choose Units
For This Sheet
08/17/05
1 of 2
English Units
Thickness (in)
Cap Height "h"(in)
Root Opening (in)
Radius of J groove
Radius Offset
Root Face(in)
Depth of Bevel (D)
Filler material
Process
Gas Used
Carbon Steel
535
32
278
0.0625
30
30
1000
12
0
0%
3.45
3.45
50.00
0
0.18
Date:
Page:
Metric Units
Process 2
4 in
0.064 in
0 in
0.5 in
0.177 in
0.375 in
1.8125 in
Carbon Steel
SAW
N/A
725
Amps
34
Volts
315
Wire Feed (in/min)
0.0625
25
25
Bevel Angle Back Side
1000
17
0
0%
Welder Efficiency
50%
3.93
Cost Electrode
3.45
Cost of Flux ($/lb)
50.00
Labor Rate ($/hr)
0
0.18
Power Cost
A
V
in/min
in
deg
deg
ft
in/min
ft^3/hr
$/lb
$/lb
$/hr
$/bottle
ft^3
$/kwh
WELDING COST OUTPUT FOR A DOUBLE-J GROOVE WELD

OUTPUT FOR SAW
Actual welding time
Deposition Rate
Labor Cost
Flux Cost
Gas Cost
Power Cost
Initial Cost
10%
Final Cost
Shift Productivity
OUTPUT FOR
SAW
Actual welding time
Deposition Rate
Labor Cost
Flux Cost
Gas Cost
Power Cost
Initial Cost
10%
Final Cost
Shift Productivity
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
lbs
lbs
passes
ft^3
bottle(s)
hr
lb/hr
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
lbs
lbs
passes
ft^3
bottle(s)
hr
lb/hr
Labor Cost
Flux Cost
Gas Cost
Pow er Cost
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
lb welded in 8 hr
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
lb welded in 8 hr
Labor Cost
Flux Cost
Gas Cost
Pow er Cost
#VALUE! Provides A
#VALUE!
Cost Savings Relative To The
#VALUE!
Labor Cost
Flux Cost
Gas Cost
Pow er Cost
Labor Cost
Flux Cost
Gas Cost
Pow er Cost
DETERMINING WELDING COST FOR WELD OVERLAY/SURFACING

Mark Mruczek
Project: Koma Kulshan Bucket Overlay

Company: NAES Power Contractors
Subject: Welding Cost & Time
Welding process(es) Used: FCAW
Base Material: SS
Product Form:
Filler Material E410NiMo
Metrode
Trade Name:
Process 1
Width-W (in)
56.5
in
Overlay thickness (S)
0.25
in
Filler material
Stainless Steel
Process
FCAW (Gas)0
Gas Used
75Ar-25C02
Amps
Volts
Wire Feed (in/min)
Welder Efficiency
Labor/Overhead Rate
Cost of Gas
Power Cost
Cost of Flux ($/lb)
Date:
Page:
11/30/06
1 of 2
Choose Units
For This Sh...
English Units
Leg Size (in)

Overlay thickness (S)
Filler material
Process
Gas Used
190
26
325
0.052
100
10.0
35
A
V
in/min
in
ft
in/min
ft^3/hr
Amps
Volts
Wire Feed (in/min)
6.00
60.00
40.00
330.00
0.20
-
$/lb
$/hr
$/bottle
ft^3
$/kwh
$/lb
Welder Efficiency
Labor/Overhead Rate
Cost of Gas
Power Cost
Cost of Flux ($/lb)
40%
Metric Units
Process 2
56.5
in
0.25 in
Stainless Steel
0
GMAW (Spray)
75Ar-25C02
125
22
200
0.156
100
5.0
35
A
V
in/min
in
ft
in/min
ft^3/hr
30%
3.00
60.00
30.00
330.00
0.20
-
$/lb
$/hr
$/bottle
ft^3
$/kwh
$/lb

Units =
Last
1
1
WELDING COST OUTPUT FOR A FILLET WELD

Labor Cost
Gas Cost
Flux Cost
Pow er Cost
OUTPUT FOR
FCAW (Gas)

Actual welding time
Deposition Rate
Labor Cost
Gas Cost
Flux Cost
Power Cost
Initial Cost
10%
Final Cost
5605.06 lbs
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
$ 33,630.35
#VALUE!
$
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
336.30
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
OUTPUT FOR
GMAW (Spray)

Actual welding time
Deposition Rate
Labor Cost
Gas Cost
Flux Cost
Power Cost
Initial Cost
11%
Final Cost
Labor Cost
Gas Cost
Flux Cost
Pow er Cost
ft^3
hr
lb/hr
100%
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
Labor Cost
Gas Cost
Flux Cost
Pow er Cost
5033.11 lbs
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
$ 16,815.20
#VALUE!
$
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
168.15
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
ft^3
hr
lb/hr
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft
$/ft

100%
#VALUE! Provides A
#VALUE!
Weld Cost CalcXL

Written By: Mark F. Mruczek
Copyright 2006 Mark F. Mruczek
Updates since inception

Date Change
16-May-02 Added Update Sheet
Check Spelling
Checked Against Sample Calculations
5-Feb-03 Added Compound Single Bevel Joint to the spreadsheet
Moved all calculations to a separate page
8-Jul-03 Added Double-V, and Double Bevel joint to the spreadsheet
Sample Values Entered
10-Oct-03 Added Units page
Added units conversion VB code to each sheet
17-Jan-04 Added Single-U, Single-J, and Double-J Joints to the spreadsheet
Updated all weld joint drawing using Arc Works drawing software From the Lincoln Electric company
Updated Tables page to add more base metals, gases and welder efficiencies
27-Apr-04 Corrected errors in cost calculations
Protected Spreadsheet
9-Aug-05 Added Deposition rate page to the spreadsheet
Corrected errors in unit conversion calculations in VB code
Updated Weld Joint Drawings
Sample Calcs Ran-Verification Complete
Added Notes to Fillet weld page and fillet weld drawing showing flat and convex beads
12//14/2005 Changed Name from Weld Cost Rev 3 to Weld Cost CalcXL
30-Jan-06 Filed for Copyright
21-Nov-06 Upgraded program to correct deposition rate calculation. Added overlay cost worksheet for weld overlay.
27-Nov-06 Added the ability to have user input SAW flux consumption ratio in lieu of assuming 1:1 (1 lb of flux
for every lb of welding wire)
15-Apr-07 Corrected calculation problem with fillet weld sheet
mpany
eld overlay.
f flux

Weld Cost Calc XL

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Copyright 2006 Mark F. Mruczek

Labor and Overhead Rates

Weld Joint Drawings

WELD COST CALC XL - MAIN MENU

Deposition Rate Calculations And Wire Feed Rate

Wire Diameter (in)

it takes to feed a given length of wire.

Time Wire Fed( sec)

1.) Set the wire feed control to the

Filler Metal Type

Wire Feed Rate

and deposition rate by measuring the time

2.) Cut the welding electrode flush with the

3.) Press the welding trigger (or Jog control

on the wire feeder). Allow the wire to feed

Wire Feed Rate

4.) Stop the wire feed and stop watch at the

DETERMINING WELDING COST FOR A FILLET WELD

Project: Tube to Header Welds Cost

Leg Size (in)

Scroll Down To See Results

WELDING COST OUTPUT FOR A FILLET WELD

Savings Relative To The #VALUE!

DETERMINING WELDING COST FOR A SINGLE-BEVEL GROOVE WELD

Scroll Down To See Results

Process 2 FCAW Fill Passes

Cost of Flux ($/lb)

WELDING COST OUTPUT FOR A SINGLE-BEVEL GROOVE WELD

Welding Electrode Cos t

DETERMINING WELDING COST FOR A DOUBLE-BEVEL GROOVE WELD

Base Material: HSLA-80

Scroll Down To See Results

WELDING COST OUTPUT FOR A DOUBLE-BEVEL GROOVE WELD

OUTPUT FOR SAW

Welding Electrode Cost

Welding Electrode Cost

DETERMINING WELDING COST FOR A COMPOUND SINGLE-BEVEL GROOVE WELD

Scroll Down To See Results

WELDING COST OUTPUT FOR A COMPOUND SINGLE-BEVEL GROOVE WELD

OUTPUT FOR GMAW (Spray)

Welding Electrode Cost

Savings Relative To The

DETERMINING WELDING COST FOR A SINGLE-V GROOVE WELD

Scroll Down To See Results

WELDING COST OUTPUT FOR A SINGLE-V GROOVE WELD

Welding Electrode Cost

OUTPUT FOR Process 2 SMAW (12" Stick)

Welding Electrode Cost

PERFORMANCE AND COST COMPARISONS

Total cost per ft

Labor cost per ft

DETERMINING WELDING COST FOR A DOUBLE-V GROOVE WELD

Welding process(es) CWF SAW

Scroll Down To See Results

WELDING COST OUTPUT FOR A DOUBLE-V GROOVE WELD

Welding Electrode Cost

OUTPUT FOR SAW-Twin Wire

Welding Electrode Cost

Savings Relative To The