Using Tic Tac Toe Game To Improve

USING TIC TAC TOE GAME TO IMPROVE
STUDENTS UNDERSTANDING ON
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
(A Classroom Action Research at the Eighth Grade Students of
MTs Nahjatus Sholihin Kragan Rembang in the Academic Year of 2010/2011)
Final Project
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement

for Degree of Bachelor of Education
in English Language Education
By:
DEWI CHALIM
063411033
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF TARBIYAH FACULTY

WALISONGO STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES
SEMARANG
2010
KEMENTERIAN AGAMA
INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI WALISONGO SEMARANG
FAKULTAS TARBIYAH
Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka Kampus II Ngaliyan Telp.7601295 Fax. 7615987 Semarang
ADVISOR APPROVAL
Matter: A Final Project Manuscript Approval
Assalamu alaikum Wr.Wb

After reading and revising, we as advisors declare that the final project of:
Name
: Dewi Chalim
Students Number
: 63411033
Faculty/Mayor
: Tarbiyah/ English Department
Title
: USING TIC TAC TOE GAME TO IMPROVE

STUDENTS UNDERSTANDING ON SIMPLE
PAST TENSE (A Classroom Action Research at
the Eighth Grade Students of MTs Nahjtus
Sholihin Kragan Rembang in the Academic Year
of 2010/2011)
is approved. Therefore, we appeal in order to examine it as soon as

possible. We thank you for your attention.
Wassalamu alaikum Wr. Wb.
Advisor I
Advisor II
M. Nafi Annury, M,Pd

NIP.197807192005011007
DR. Ruswan,M.A
NIP.196804241993031004
ii
KEMENTERIAN AGAMA
INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI WALISONGO SEMARANG
FAKULTAS TARBIYAH
Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka Kampus II Ngaliyan Telp.7601295 Fax. 7615987 Semarang
Name
: Dewi Chalim
Students number : 63411033
Title
: USING TIC TAC TOE GAME TO IMPROVE STUDENTS
UNDERSTANDING ON SIMPLE PAST TENSE (A
Classroom Action Research at the Eighth Grade Students of
MTs Nahjtus Sholihin Kragan Rembang in the Academic
Year of 2010/2011)
Had been ratified by the team of final project examiner of education faculty of
Walisongo State institute for islamic Studies Semarang on:
Day: Monday
Date: December, 13th 2010
The Team of Examiner
Chairman,
Secretary,
Drs. Ikhrom, M. Ag
196503291994031002
Dr. Mustofa, M.Ag

197104031996031001
First Examiner,
Second Examiner,
Dra. Siti Mariam, M.Pd

196507271992032002
Dr. Muslih, M.A

150276926000001000
Advisor I
Advisor II
M. Nafi Annury, M,Pd

NIP.197807192005011007
DR. Ruswan,M.A
NIP.196804241993031004
iii
M0TTO
Lo! Allah changeth not the condition of a folk until they (first) change
that which is in their heart (Ar Rad: 11)1
Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today
Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of The Glorious Qur an (Rawalpindi: Taj Company Ltd,
1579), p. 232
iv
DEDICATION
This final project is dedicated to:
v My dear parents, I do love you. Thank you very much for the valuable
efforts, prayer and contributions in making my education success.
v My beloved little sisters (Cholis, Nawa, Fida) and my special brother
Amin fauzi.
v My relatives that love me.
v My teachers thank you very much.
v My Friends that help me and encourage me.
A FINAL PROJECT STATEMENT
I certify that this thesis is definitely my own work. I am completely

responsible for the content of this thesis. Other writers opinions or findings
included in the thesis are quoted or cited in accordance with ethical standards.
Semarang, December 7th, 2010

The Writer,
Dewi Chalim
NIM.063411033
vi
ABSTRACT
Dewi Chalim (063411033) Using TIC TAC TOE Game to Improve Students
Understanding on Simple Past Tense , (A Classroom Action Research at the
Eighth Grade Students of MTs Nahjatus Sholihin Kragan Rembang In the
Academic Year of 2010/2011). Thesis, Semarang: Bachelor Program of English
Language Education of Tarbiyah Faculty of Walisongo State Institute for Islamic
Studies Semarang, 2010.
Key words: tic tac toe, game, simple past tense, classroom action research.
Learning English involves the mastery of four language skills. They are
listening, reading, writing and speaking. Beside it, the learners must learn about
the structure of the sentence (grammar), because without these structures it is
difficult to make comprehensible sentences. In this research, the researcher used
Tic Tac Toe game to improve students understanding on simple past tense. The
researcher focused on simple past tense because most of students cannot
distinguish simple past and simple present in sentence. The researcher used game
because every one likes game. Game also one of teaching techniques to solve
students boredom when teaching and learning process. The objectives of the
study are:
1. To describe the implementation of Tic Tac Toe game to improve students'
understanding on simple past tense.
2. To find out the improvement of students' understanding on simple past
tense by using Tic Tac Toe game.
The subjects of this study were the students of VIII C of MTs Nahjatus
Sholihin Kragan Rembang in the academic year of 2010/2011. The number of the
subjects was 36 students. This research is a classroom action research. It was done
through three cycles. The researcher used documentation, test and observation to
collect the data. The researcher used descriptive quantitative to analyze the data.
Statistic analysis is used to analyze the data about the result of observation and the
result of test on simple past tense.
Result of the study showed that by using Tic Tac Toe game in teaching
simple past tense at the eighth grade of MTs Nahjatus Sholihin in The Academic
Year of 2010/2011 can improve students understanding on it. This successfulness
can be seen from the result of students average score and good responses by
students. The result after getting all of the treatment using Tic Tac Toe game, the
students average score increased in line with the increase of the students
achievement in each cycle. Students average score from the pre cycle was 5.83,
first cycle was 7.58, second cycle was 7.88, and the third cycle was 8,66.
Finally the result of this research showed that students understanding
improved in each cycle after they were taught using Tic Tac Toe game. It was
signed by their improvements of each result test.
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise is to Allah, the merciful, and the compassionate that the writer can
finish this final project completely entitled Using Tic Tac Toe Game to
Improve Students Understanding on Simple Past Tense. Peaceful for prophet
Muhammmad who become our best figure of human life.
The writer realizes that there are many people who are already helped his
in arranging and writing this thesis directly or indirectly. In this chance, the
writer would like to express deeper appreciation to:
1. Dr. Sujai, M. A as the Dean of Faculty of Tarbiyah.
2. Siti Tarwiyah, M.Hum. as the Head of English Department.
3. M. Nafi Annury, M.Pd and Dr. H. Ruswan, MA, as the advisors for their
patience in providing careful guidance, helpful corrections, very good
advice as well as suggestion and encouragement during the consultation.
4. My beloved father and mother who always pray for me every time and
also thank you for your inspiration and motivation to continue this study.
5. Drs. Hamzany Syarif the headmaster of MTs Nahjatus Sholihin Kragan
Rembang who had given permits the researcher to carry out the research in
his school.
6. Sofyan, S.Pd, who assisted the researcher in conducting the research and
collecting data.
7. My beloved Amin Fauzi, thank for your kindness, your advices, your
support to finish my thesis and your time that always accompany me.
8. All of my friend thank for your help and your friendship.
9. Last but not least, those who cannot be mentioned one by one, who have
supported the writer to finish this thesis.
Finally, the writer realizes that this thesis is far from being perfect;
therefore, the writer will happily accept constructive criticism in order to make
viii
it better. The writer hopes that this thesis would be helpful and beneficial to
everyone. Amen
Semarang, December 7th, 2010
The writer,
Dewi Chalim
NIM.063411033
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
PAGE OF TITLE
.... i
ADVISOR APPROVAL .........

RATIFICATION
ii
.... iii
FINAL PROJECT STATEMENT.........
iv
MOTTO
.... v
DEDICATION
.... vi
ACKWOWLEDMENT
.... vii
ABSTRACT
.... viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ..........
ix
LIST OF APPENDICES ........
xiii
CHAPTER I:
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of The Study ...
B. Reason For Choosing The Topic .
C. Research Question
..
D. Objectives of The Study .
E. Pedagogical Significant ..
F. Definition of The Key Term ...
G. Scope of The Study ...
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Theoretical Review
1. Game..
a. General Concept of Game ..
b. Advantages and Disadvantages of Game.
2. Tic Tac Toe Game ..
10
a) Tic Tac Toe Game to Teach Simple Past Tense.......
11
b) The Characteristic of Tic Tac Toe Game.
13
c) Procedure of Tic Tac Toe Game .
13
d) The Strategy of Playing Tic Tac Toe game .
13
3. Teaching English at Junior High School
15
4. The Characteristic of Adolescence .
16
5. Tense
17
a. General Concept of Tense ...
17
b.
Time Signal of Simple Past Tense ......
21
c. The Function of Simple past Tense .
21
6. Language Teaching Method ...
22
a. The Grammar Translation Method ..
22
b. The Direct Method .....
22
c. The Silent Way ....
22
d. Suggestopedia
23
e. Community Language Learning ..
23
f. Total Physical Respond ...
23
g.
Community language Teaching ......
23
h. Audio Lingual Method
23
7. Improving of Students Understanding..
24
8. Teaching and Learning Grammar ..
25
a. Basic Principle for Grammar Teaching ...
25
b. Rule and Explanation ..
27
c. Deductive Approach and Inductive Approach ........
28
B. PREVIOUS RESEARCH
28
C. ACTION HYPHOTHESIS ......
30
CHAPTER III
METHOD OF INVESTIGATION
A. Research Approach ......
31
B. Research Subject/ Participant....
34
C. Time and Setting .......
34
D. Technique of Data Collection ...
35
E. Instrument of the Study .......
36
F. Technique of Data Analysis .....
38
G. Procedure of Collecting Data .......
40
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING
xi
A. Result of the study.
47
1. Preliminary Research ......
47
2. First Cycle .
48
3. Second Cycle .
51
4. Third Cycle
53
B. The Students Improvement of Understanding on Simple

Past Tense after Being Taught Using Tic Tac Toe
CHAPTER V
Game..
55
C. Discussion ....
66
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions ..................
68
B. Suggestions ...................
69
C. Closing .
70
REFERENCES
CURRICULUM VITAE
xii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1. List of students name
Appendix 2. Lesson Plan for the First cycle
Appendix 3. Lesson Plan for the second cycle
Appendix 4. Lesson Plan for the third cycle
Appendix 5. Test of preliminary research
Appendix 6. Test of simple past tense in Cycle I
Appendix 7. Test of simple past tense in Cycle II
Appendix 8. Test of simple past tense in Cycle III
Appendix 9. Key word of simple past tense tests,
Appendix 10. Tic Tac Toe grid of Cycle I
Appendix 11. Tic Tac Toe grid of Cycle II
Appendix 12. Tic Tac Toe grid of Cycle III
Appendix 13. Students Image during the cycle
Appendix 14. Students Group in Cycle I, II, III
Appendix 15. Students Observation Form of playing Tic Tac Toe game in
Preliminary Research.
Appendix 16. Students Observation Form of playing Tic Tac Toe game in Cycle
I
II
III
CERTIFICATES
xiii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of Study
According to Wardhaugh, language is a system of arbitrary vocal
symbol used for human communication.2 We use language as a means of
communication with other people, as a tool to express our ideas and wishes.
Without language it is hard to imagine how people can cooperate and get
along with one another.3 Communication has an important role in human life.
We must know how to share, to express our idea to other. Because
communication is important, so human being should learn how to
communicate correctly. Communication will be easy if between sender and
receiver understand with the information was given. One of important tools in
communication among various groups of people from various part of the
world now is English.
Teaching English as a second or foreign language became an
increasingly important activity after World II.4 In our country English is
taught for students at Elementary School until Senior High School. Even it is
one important subject as one of the requirement to past the final examination.
Learning and teaching English is not easy work, because it is not our mother
tongue and has many differences with Indonesian. Its differences are about
grammar, phonology, spelling and vocabulary.
Learning English involves the mastery of four language skill. They are
writing, speaking, reading and listening. The fourth basic skills are taught in a
integrate way. Thus speaking and writing are productive skill or ability to
product, listening and reading are receptive skill or ability to comprehend.
2
Djoko Sriyono, An Introductory Course of Linguistic, (Surakarta : Muhammadiyah University Press,
2001), p. 1
3
Ramelan, English Phonology, (Semarang: UNNES Press, 2003), p. 1
4
Jack C. Richard and Richard, Curriculum in Development in Language Teaching, (USA, Cambridge
University Press, 2001), p. 23
Beside learn four skills, student must learn grammar. Grammar is theory of
language, of how language is put together and how it works. More
particularly, it is the study of wording. 5 Grammar has function to create good
and understandable sentences. Knowing how to build and use certain
structure make it possible to communicate common types of meaning
successfully. Without structures, it is difficult to make comprehensible
sentence. We must therefore, try to identify these structures and teach them
well.6
One of the best ways of reinforce grammar structure is taught by using
game. Recently, not only in the Kinder Garden, fun and effective learning is
hoped can be applied in English learning process for Junior High School and
Senior High School.
Tenses are the basic grammar is taught for students at Junior High
School and Senior High School. There are many students get difficulties to
understand it, about how to use it, when to use it, how is the application tense
in the text. Grammar is always looked a necessary but a very boring part of
any students.
Games help and encourage many learners to sustain their interest and
work. Games also help the teacher to create contexts in which the language is
useful and meaning.7 Almost people like game, because game able to break
their boredom and it is possible to learn a language as well as enjoy oneself at
the same time. But it depends on the appropriateness of the game and role of
the player.
According to Hadis
Linda Gerot and Peter Wignel, Making Sense of Functional Grammar (Australia: Gerd Stabler,
1995), p. 2
6
Jack C Richard and Willy A. Renandy, Methodology In Language Teaching, (Cambridge: University
Press), p.151
7
Andrew Right, et. al., Games For Language Learning, (Cambridge, university Press, 2005), New
Edition, p. 1
:
.(
Narrated Anas bin Malik, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him,) said:
Make thing easy for the people, and don't make it difficult for them, and make
them calm (with glad tiding) and don t repulse them.9
The hadis above explains us to make easy for any difficulties. Because
however that difficulties, it has many ways to solve or make it easier. The
relation between hadis above and the teaching is we should be able to transfer
the lesson well and easy understanding, it shows when we teach students we
should use varieties strategy in teaching.
Students have variety learning style, so it asks teachers role to use
variety learning to explain language meaning and construction, engage
students in a topic, or as a the basis of whole activities. Because it can help
both for practice or for motivate students.
Based on the teachers explanation of Mr. Sofyan, S. Pd as a English
teacher at MTs Nahjatus Sholihin, students are still confused to distinguish
the simple present, simple continuous and simple past form when it is applied
in sentence. Teacher usually redoing to explain the simple past form when
students create narrative or recount text. And they also have low motivation
to learn. In addition, the teacher argued actually students need a new thing in
studying and learning English. But he did not have enough time to teach
students using media or using fun way.
So, according to the problem that is faced by students above, the
researcher will use Tic Tac Toe game as a media to improve students'
understanding on simple past tense. Tic Tac Toe game is a board game that
using sign noughts and cross. For example, teacher can draw nine box frames
and write different word or categories in each box. Teams have to make
8
Abi Hasan Nurruddin Muhammad bin Abdul Hadi, Shohih Bukhori (Beirut: Darul Kutub al
Alamiyah Jilid I, 1971), p. 42
9
M. Mukhsin Khan, The English Translation of Sahih Bukhori, (Alexandria: Al Syadawi Publication,
1996), vol. 8, p. 146
sentences or questions with the words and if they get them right, they can put
their symbol (O or X) on the square to draw their winning straight line.10
In this case, the researcher will use Tic Tac Toe game as technique to
improve students understanding on simple past tense. Here, the game is used
to deliver the materials in order to be more fun for students in the process of
teaching learning, so they will be enthusiastic in joining the activity. It is
important to use game as an alternative way in teaching grammar.
This game can be applied in teaching and learning. Beside students is
given some exercise many times. And students also have chance to respond or
correct other friend. There is competition on Tic Tac Toe game, so it make
students to be enthusiasm and active in learning.
To play Tic Tac Toe, we need two to four students or players. The
first, teacher distributes one paper (Tic Tac Toe grid) consist of present verb.
Then students change the base verb into past (regular or irregular). After that
each person must make a simple sentence from the verb using simple past
tense form complete with the time signal of past tense. If the sentence is
correct, the student puts an X or an O in the square containing the verb.
Tic Tac Toe is appropriate game to make students creative to build sentences
and active in the class. Tic Tac Toe game will make students easier to
understand simple past tense and it will make students more creative to make
and use sentence using simple past tense in the some contexts and in the their
real activities.
This study is about Using Tic Tac Toe Game to Improve Students
Understanding on Simple Past Tense on Students Eighth Grade of MTs
Nahjatus Sholihin in the Academic Year of 2010/2011, and the researcher
will use a classroom action research as the approach of the study.
B. Reason for Choosing the Topic

Grammar is necessary part when we study English. Grammar is
needed in order students able to make comprehensible sentences.
10
Jeremy Harmer, The Practice of English Language Teaching (England, Longman, 2002), p. 139
Unfortunately, there are many students are bored about it. The main idea of
teaching grammar is to help learners internalize the structure taught in such a
way that they can be used in every day communication.
In this case, the researcher wants to use Tic Tac Toe game because,
1. To help and improve students' understanding on simple past tense.
2. The researcher takes tenses especially simple past tense, because there are
many students dont understand about it. In some texts simple past tense is
involved, includes recount and narrative that taught in Junior High School.
3. It is an interesting game, because it will encourage student to be active and
creative in learning English. By implementing game in learning, unwarily
students will study too.
C. Research Question
Based on the problem that has been stated above, there some problems
that will be investigated through this study. They are:
1. How does the implementation of Tic Tac Toe game improve students'
understanding on simple past tense?
2. How can Tic Tac Toe game improve students' understanding on simple
past tense?
D. Objective of the Study

Based on the problems above, the aims of this study are as follows:
3. To describe the implementation of Tic Tac Toe game to improve students'
4. To find out the improvement of students' understanding on simple past
tense by using Tic Tac Toe game.
E. Pedagogical Significant
The result of this study is hoped useful for students, teacher, and the
next researcher.
1. For the students

The result of this study may help students to improve their
understanding on simple past tense. Understand about how the structure of
simple past tense, when we use simple past tense. By using Tic Tac Toe
game can motivate students to learning English.
2. For the teacher
Teacher can use Tic Tac Toe game as one of the media in teaching
learning English, to motivate the students, and it can make the lesson is
easier to be understood than nothing. By using game, the researcher hopes
it can be an alternative method in teaching English. So, the students will
get better achievement.
3. The next researcher
The writer hopes this research can be developed by the next researcher
in different skill and participant.
F. Definition of Key Term

The researcher classifies the term are used in this study as follows:
1. Game
Game is an activity given to the students to use the language in less
formal situation is organized activity that usually has the following
properties:
a.
A particular task or objective
b.
A set of rule
c.
Competition between players
d.
Communication between players by spoken or written language. 11
2. Tic Tac Toe Game

It is a kind of game board with noughts and crosses. It needs Tic Tac
Toe paper and Tic Tac Toe grid that consist of nine, sixteen even twenty
11
Jack Richard, et. al., Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistic (United Kingdom: Longman Group,
1985), p. 118
box frames on it. Tic Tac Toe grid is written by different words, categories
or question in each box. And Tic Tac Toe paper is used to write down
symbol O (Nought) and symbol X (Cross) when play the game.
3. Simple Past Tense
The Past Tense indicates that an activity or situation began and
ended at a particular time in the past.12 In other word, it used to express or
say that an action happened in the past. The time signals are ago, last,
yesterday. This tense uses regular verb past form (adding _ed) and
irregular verb past form with various form.13 In applying Tic Tac Toe
game researcher uses regular and irregular verb coinciding. So the students
can concentration to study simple past form.
4. Students Understanding
Based on Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, student is
defined as a person who is studying at a college, polytechnic or university;
boy or girl who is attending schools; anyone who studies or who is
devoted to the acquisition of knowledge.14
Understanding is a psychological process related to an abstract or
physical object, such as a person, situation, or message whereby one is
able to think about it and use concepts to deal adequately with that object.15
So, it can be said that students understanding is students effort or
psychological process of students to know deeply about something as
object.
5. Improving of Students Understanding
Improve is to make better; to increase the value or good qualities of
something. 16 It can be said that improving is doing in any way in making
something better, or becoming increased.
12
Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding and Using English Grammar (USA: Prentice hall Regrents,
)2nd, p. 24
13
Jim Scrivener, Learning Teaching A Guidebook for English Language Teacher (United Kingdom:
Macmillen Publisher, 2005)2nd ,p. 209
14
A. S. Hornby, Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English, (New York: Oxford
University Press, 1987), 25th Ed, p. 859
15
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Understanding accessed on 26/10/2009
16
http://www.brainyquote.com/words/im/improve176858.html accessed on 26/10/2009
In this case improving students understanding is increasing the

quality of students knowledge to be better. It can be done by using
techniques, media or methods when teaching and learning process.
G. THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY

To limit the scope of the study, the writer will only discuss such as
follows:
1. This study will be done in the VIII students grades of MTs Nahjatus
Sholihin Kragan Rembang in the academic year of 2010/2011.
2. This study will talk about improving students understanding on simple
past tense by using Tic Tac Toe game. It is done, because there are many
students cannot distinguish simple present and simple past in sentence.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. THEORETICAL REVIEW
1. Game
a. General Concept of Game
There is common perception that all learning should be
serious and solemn nature. This is a misconception. Fun learning is
more effective for students to be creative and active in the class.
Game is one of the media that can be applied in language teaching
and learning. All people like games either young or adult. But
different age group requires various material topics, competences,
and models of game. For example, children like fun game and adult
prefer to challenging game than fun game. So, a teacher should
choose appropriate games for students.
b. Advantages and Disadvantages of Game
There are many advantages of game, they are:
1) Games are welcome break from the usual routine of the large
class.
2) They are motivating and challenging.
3) Learning a language requires a great deal effort. Games help
students to make and sustain the effort of language.
4) Game provides language practice in the various skills.
5) They encourage students to interact and communicate.
6) They create a meaningful context for language use.17
According the advantages above, the researcher concludes
that the use of game in teaching learning process is very useful and it
17
Lee Su Kim, English Teaching Forum, (volume 33 Number 1 January, 1995), p. 35
gives good effects to activate understanding and memorable

especially in learning foreign language classroom.
According to Philpot as cited by Siti Tarwiyah, games facilitate
language learning because they help language learning to be:
1) More meaningful, for example by showing how words relate to
each other.
2) More memorable, for example by involving as many approaches to
how language is stored as possible, such as mime, and
movement, the use of color and patterns, personalization, etc.
3) More accessible, for example by getting students to make their
own language records to suit their individual strategies for
reference and access.18
Although there are many advantages of game in language
learning, game has disadvantages. They are:
1) It can present disturbance if teacher cannot control and organize
the class to be conducive.
2) It takes a bit long time to prepare.
3) It can cause boredom if teacher uses this game solely, and not all
students like playing the game.19
2. Tic Tac Toe Game

Tic Tac Toe is a board game that can be played using the board
or paper by drawing nine box frames. Then each box is written different
words or categories. Each player has to make sentences or questions
with the words. If they get them right they can put symbol (0 or X) on
the square.
18
Siti Tarwiyah, Game and Song Practical Ideas to Teach Language, (Semarang: English
Department of Educational Faculty of State Institute for Islamic Studies Walisongo, 2008), p. 51
19
Umi Hani Al Habshy, Improving Student s Motivation to Speak by Using Storytelling with
Sentence Card Game in Teaching Speaking, A Classroom Action Research with XI IPS 2 Students of MAN
Pemalang in The Academic Year of 2008/2009 (Semarang: English Department of Tarbiyah Faculty
Walisongo State Instituute for Islamic Studies, 2009), p. 24
10
Noughts and Crosses are games that have been played in the
United Kingdom for several centuries, even precise history seems to bw
unknown. The game has become known (perhaps more popularly) as
Tic Tac Toe in American English. It may be that the ancient Roman
game of Terni Lapilli was an identical game although the evidence is
somewhat mixed. It is certainly true that identical grids to the noughts
and crosses grid have been found scratched and etched into surfaces all
over the ancient Roman Empire. However not a single nought or cross
have been found to confirm the link. It seems probable that Terni
Lapilli was played with simple pieces and may have been played with
the same rules.20
a) Tic Tac Toe Game to Teach Simple Past Tense

There are many kinds of game that can be applied in teaching
and learning English such as Bingo, Miming Game, Twenty
Question Game, etc.
In this case, researcher applies Tic Tac Toe game to teach
Simple Past Tense. On the ground that, this game can make students
better understand the use and change of sentences based on the time
signal of past event. Tic Tac Toe game makes students are creative to
create sentence themselves. It helps them apply the simple past tense
in certain genre, such as narrative, recount and spoof.
The students play Tic Tac Toe game in a group. The
procedures are first, teacher draws the nine or twelve boxes content
of infinitive verbs. Second, teacher distributes blank Tic Tac Toe
Grid for each group. Then students choose one verb on the board and
change it into past verb and they continue to make a sentence from
the verb using form of simple past tense. If the students can answer
20
http://www.adit.co.uk/html/noughts_and_crosses.html on Thursday 25 February 2010 13.25
11
or make question they can put sign (0) or (X) on their Tic Tac Toe
Grid.
O
Grid A
Teach
Write
Speak
Sleep
Tell
Drink
Go
Think
Sing
Grid irregular verb

Example:
a. Teach to be taught.
My Father taught in Islamic Junior High School at 1989.
b. Sleep to be Slept
I slept last night.
c. Go to be went
Her sister went to Surabaya yesterday.
d. Write to be wrote
They wrote poem last month.
12
Certain games are good devices for practicing grammar

points where the challenging resides in the formal dimension.21
b) The Characteristic of Tic Tac Toe Game
Tic Tac Toe is a simple game, and use simple material. If this
game is played optimally by both players, it will make a tie.
However, many players still enjoy it. And this game can be made
more complex by increasing the size of the board.
Tic Tac Toe is played two players, use 3 x 3 grids. Each
player tries to get three in a row, or 4 x 4 grids each player tries to
get four in a row. And also can be played on large grids, such as 10 x
10 or even 20 x 20 grids.
c) Procedure of Tic Tac Toe Game

The procedures are:
1) One player as X and other one as O.
2) X always goes first.
3) Player alternate placing Xs and Os on the board until has three in
a row, horizontal, vertically or all nine squares is filled.
4) If the player able to draw three Xs or three Os in a row by
answering questions in various category. That player is winning.22
The goal of Tic Tac Toe game is to be the first players to get
three in a row on a 3 x 3 grid, or four in a row in a 4 x 4 grid.
d) The Strategy of Playing Tic Tac Toe Game

Here are some interesting strategies of Tic Tac Toe. Player
can play perfect Tic Tac Toe to be a winner from the following
table.23
21
Marianne Celce Murcia, Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language (USA: Heinle &
Heinle, 2001), 3ed, p.259
22
Http://boardgames.about.com/od/paperpencil/tic_tac_toe_htm accessed on Friday, 17 July 2010
23
Http://enwikipedia.org/wiki/Tic-tac-toe#strategy accessed on Friday, 16 July 2010
13
Win
If you have three in a row, play the third to

get three in row.
Block
If the opponent has two in row, as a player

you have to block them on the third a row.
Fork
Create an opportunity where you can win in

two ways.
Block Opponents
Option one: Create two in a row to force
Fork
the opponent in to defending,

as long as it does not the result
for them to create a fork or
winning. For example, If X
has the opposite corner as well,
O must not play a corner in
order to win (playing a corner
in this scenario creates a fork
X to win).
Option two: If there is configuration where
the opponent can fork, try to
block that fork.
Center
Play the center
Opposite corner
If the opponent is the corner, play a center

of that row or column.
Empty corner
Play in a corner square.
Empty side
Play in a middle square on any of the 4 side.
Tic Tac Toe has easy, medium, and hard playing. So it can be
applied for every age by using some procedures. Nevertheless,
teacher should pay attention to students capability in playing this
game.
14
In teaching and learning, teacher applies this game as a

medium to teach English, such as spelling Tic Tac Toe game,
conditional Tic Tac Toe game or verbal Tic Tac Toe game. Tic Tac
Toe game is a fun way for students to practice their English while
enjoying some competition. This game is best played as a class with
the teacher checking answer. However, with larger classes, the game
can also be played in pairs while the teacher goes around the room
checking answer. Unfortunately, sometime when applying this game
in the class, teacher can not control the class.
When two players who play randomly, the first player wins
58.49% of the time, the second player wins 28.81 %, and the game is
a drawn 12.70 % of the time. When two players who play the game
perfectly play, the game is always a drawn. In fact, there can only be
three possible answers, the first player always wins, the second
player always win, or the game is always a drawn.24
3. Teaching English at Junior High School

English as an international language is used as a means of
communication among people in trade, politics, and professional field,
In Indonesia, English is taught as the first foreign language optionally
from the Elementary School (SD), and obligatory at Junior High School
(SMP) through the third year of Senior High School (SMA) even for
some semester at college.
According to Wells, there are four literacy. They are
performative,
functional,
informational,
and
epistemic. In the
performative stage, students able to read, write and speak using symbols
that are used. In the functional stage, students are hoped able to use
language in their daily such as reading a news paper, manual reading. In
the informative stage students are hoped able to look for knowledge
24 Kevin Gong, http://kevingong.com/Math/TicTacToe.html accessed on Thursday, 15 July 2010
15
using their language. And in the epistemic stage, students are hoped
able to transform the knowledge in certain language.
In this curriculum, graduation of Junior High School is hoped
reach functional stage for survival communication. And graduation of
Senior High School is hoped reach informational stage to continue in
University.
Depend on explanation above, education of English at Junior
High School still guided for short oral sentence and simple written (oral
language that are written).
So, the difficulties are not on the number of word in the
discourse that is written by student, but on the quality of discourse.
Short written text that has good structure, it will get great value than
long text that difficult to be understood.25
4. The Characteristic of Adolescence

According to Piaget, there are four phase of childrens growth
they are:
a. Sensorymotor Stage, from born 2 years
b. Preoperational Stage, 2 years 8 years
c. Concrete Operational Stage, 8 years 11 years
d. Formal Stage, 11 years 15 years and more.26
In the formal stage are students of Junior High School that we
call them adolescent. This is transition period from childhood to be
adulthood. In this case there are many changing of their attitude,
aptitude even their life style.
But teachers have to know the characteristic of teenage students,
why they seemed to be less lively and less motivation. There are a
number of reasons way students and teenage students in particular may
be disruptive in class. Apart from the need for self esteem and the peer
25
Kurikulum 2004 Standar Kompetensi Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris, (Jakarta:

DEPDIKNAS,2003), p.5
26
Kasihani K.E. Suyanto, English for young learner, (Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2010), p.6
16
approval they may provoke from being disruptive, there are other
factors too, such as the boredom they feel not to mention problems they
bring into class from outside school. However, while it is true that
adolescents can cause discipline problems, it is usually the case that
they would be much happier if such problems did not exist. They may
push teachers to the limit, but they are much happier if that challenge is
met, if the teacher actually manages to control them.
However, we should not become too preoccupied with the issue
of disruptive behavior. For while we will all remember unsatisfactory
classes, we will also look back with pleasure on those groups and
lessons which were successful. Teenagers, if they are engaged, have a
great capacity to learn, a great potential for creativity, and a passionate
commitment to things which interest them.27 According to Jim
Scrivener, in teenage classes, the learners are discovering a range of
new possibilities for themselves. They are discovering what impact they
can have on the world and can be very motivated. The learners can
bring a strong enthusiasm for topics they are interested in and they can
get very focused on specific things relevant to themselves. They often
respond well to work that is clearly organized and takes their interest
into account. But although teenage classes can be among the most
interesting and exciting, they also have some reputation for being
demanding on the teacher. Some of these are listed in the next section.28
5. Tenses
a. General Concept of Tenses
There are three forms of tenses that indicate the certain time
of action. They are present, past and future.
1) Present Tense
27
Jeremy Harmer, The Practice of English Language Teaching (England, Longman, 2002),p.39
Jim Scrivener, Learning Teaching A Guidebook for English Language Teacher (United Kingdom:
Macmillen Publisher, 2005)2nd.p. 329
28
17
Present tense describes habitual action, routine or thing that

are generally or always true. Using time expression as follow:
always, often, sometimes, seldom, every day, every year, etc.
2) Future Tense
Future tense describes the action that happened in the
future time. Using time expression as follow: Tomorrow, next
week, next month, etc.
3) Past Tense
Past tense describes the activities in the past.
a) Form of Simple past tense
The simple past tense in regular verbs is formed by
adding ed to the infinitive:
Infinitive
: to work
Simple Past Tense
: worked
Verbs ending in e add d only
Infinitive:
to love
Simple Past Tense:
loved29
b) Affirmative statements form

Verbal Sentences:
Subject
Nominal Sentences:
Verb2
Subject
To be
Complement
I
Were
You
You
They
They
We
Worked
Teacher
We
He
He
She
She
It
It
Was
29
A. J. Thomson and A.V. Martinet, A Practical English Grammar, (New York, Oxford University
Press, 1995), p. 161
18
c) Negative statements form

The negative or regular and irregular verbs are formed
with did not (didnt) and the infinitive:
Verbal Sentences:
Subject
Did
Nominal Sentences:
Verb1
Subject
To be + not
Comple-
not
Ment
You
You
Were not
did not
They
Work
Werent
They
Didnt
Student
We
We
He
He
She
She
Was not
It
It
Wasnt
d) Interrogative statements form

Verbal Sentences:
Did
Subject
Nominal Sentences:
V1
To be
Subject
Complemen
t
You
You
Were
They
Did
We
Work
They
We
He
Diligent
He
Was
She
It
She
It
These following examples of regular verbs form from

present, past tense and past participle:
Regular Verb
Present
Past
19
Past participle
Ask
asked
asked
Answer
Answered
Answered
Close
Closed
Closed
Clean
Cleaned
Cleaned
Learn
Learned
Learned
Laugh
Laughed
Laughed
Move
Moved
Moved
Play
Played
Played
Talk
Talked
Talked
Open
Opened
Opened
Play
Played
Played
Stay
Stayed
Stayed
Walk
Walked
Walked
Irregular verbs form

These vary considerably in their simple past form. In the
simple past form of each irregular verb must therefore be learnt,
but once it this done there is no other difficulty, as irregular verb
(like regular verbs) have no inflexions in the past tense.
These following examples of irregular verbs form from
present, past tense and past participle
Present
Past
Past participle
Become
Became
Become
Begin
Began
Begun
Bring
Brought
Brought
Drink
Drank
Drunk
Eat
Ate
Eaten
Find
Found
Found
Feel
Felt
Felt
Get
Got
Got/ Gotten
Keep
Kept
Kept
Know
Knew
Known
20
Meet
Met
Met
Say
Said
Said
Think
Thought
Thought
Write
Wrote
Written
b. Time Signal of Simple Past Tense

Common time expressions that are used the Simple Past
Tense includes yesterday, ago, last week, last month, for three
years, etc.
c. The Function of Simple Past Tense
1) It is used for actions completed in the past at the definite time.
Example : I met him yesterday
2) It is used for an action whose time is not given but which
occupied a period of time now terminated or occupied at the
moment in a period of time now terminated.
Example : He worked in that bank for four years.
My grandmother once saw Queen Victoria.
3) It used for a past habit
Example : He always carried an umbrella
4) It is used in conditional sentence, type 2 (for use of the unreal
past after as if, as though, it is time, if only, wish, would
rather).30
Example : If I had enough money, I would buy a new care.
According to Marianne Celce Murcia states that the
functions of Simple Past Tense are:
1) A definite single completed event or action on the past.
Example: I attended a meeting of that committee last week
2) Habitual or repeated action or event in the past.
Example: It snowed almost every weekend every winter
3) An event with duration that applied in the past with the
implication that it no longer applies in the present.
30
Ibid., p.162
21
Example: Professor Nelson taught at Yale for 30 years.

4) With states in the past.
Example: He appeared to be a creative genius.
He owed me a lot of money
5) Imaginative conditional in the subordinate clause.
Example: If he took better care of himself, he wouldnt be
absent so often.
6) Social distancing
Example: Did you want to sit down and stay a while?31
So as we can see, the simple past is used when the
speaker conceptualizes a complete event factually, but as
remote in some way.
6. Language Teaching Method

The method concept in teaching the nation of a systematic set
of teaching practice based on particular theory of language and
language learning is a powerful one, and the quest for better methods
was throughout the twentieth century.
The popular methodology includes ideas at all the various
levels, procedures, and approach. There are many methods in teaching
language. They are:
a. The Grammar Translation Method
A fundamental purpose of learning foreign language is to
be able to read literature written in the target language.32
b. The Direct Method
This method intends that students learn how to communicate
in the target language.33
c. The Silent Way
31
Marianne Celce-Murcia, Diane Larsen- Freeman, The Grammar Book an ESL/EFL Teacher s
Course, (USA: Heinle & Heinle Publisher).2ed, p.99
32
Diane Larsen Freeman, Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching (New York: Oxford
University Press, 2001), 2nd ed, p. 17
33
Ibid, p. 28
22
The silent is the name of a method of language teaching is

devised by Caleb Gattegno. It is based on the premise that the
teacher should be silent as much as possible in the classroom but
the learners should be encouraged to produce as much long as
possible.34
d. Suggestopedia
Suggestopedia also known as Desuggestopedia, it is a method
developed by the Bulgarian psychiatrist educator georgi Lazanov.
Suggestopedia is a specific set of learning recommendation derived
from
suggestology,
which
Lazanov
describes
as
science..concerned with the systematic study of the non

rational or non conscious influences that human beings are
constantly responding to.35
e. Community Language Learning
Community language learning is linked as a set of practices
used in certain kinds of bilingual education programs and referred
to by Mackey as language alternation. In language alternation, a
message, lesson or class is presented first in the native language
and the again in the second language.36
f. Total Physical Respond
Total physical Respond is a language teaching method built
around the coordination of speech and action, it attempts to teach
language through physical (motor) activity. 37
g. Communicative Language Teaching
In communicative language teaching, language was taught by
practicing basic structures in meaningful situation based activities.38
h. Audio Lingual Method
34
Jack C. Richards & Theodore S. Rodgers, Approaches and Method in Language Teaching, (UK:
Cambridge University Press, 2001), p. 81
35
Ibid, p. 100
36
Ibid, p. 90
37
Ibid, p. 73
38
Ibid, p. 153
23
The purpose of language learning is to learn how to use the

target language communicatively.39
A variation on audio lingualism in British based teaching
and elsewhere is the procedure most often referred to as PPP,
which stands for Presentation, Practice, Production. In this
procedure the teacher introduces a situation which contextualizes
the language to be taught.
Then, language is presented. The
students now practice the language using accurate reproduction

techniques such as repetition or cue response drills. Later, the
students use the new language, make sentences of their own, and
this is referred to as production.40
For explanation above, researcher uses PPP method to
teach simple past tense and applies Tic Tac Toe game. This method
is clearer for students to play game. First, teacher presents or
explains about Simple Past form and explains how to play Tic Tac
Toe game. Then teacher gives example of simple past sentence,
immediately teacher lets students to practice making a simple past
sentence, and teacher checks students correctness. The last is
producing, this case, students try to make a simple past sentences
by applying Tic Tac Toe game.
7. Improving of Students Understanding

Understanding is level of cognitive aspect that asks students
show their understanding with changing or manipulating information.
This level is presenting a step. It does not only remembering, because
this stage requires students to transform the information in to the form
that can be understood. Students can do this level using some ways,
they are:
a. Repronounces with their language self.
39
40
Jack C. Richards & Theodore S. Rodgers. Ibid, p. 45

Jeremy Harmer, Op.Cit., p. 80
24
b. Translating is another form in understanding level. It must have

changing of form in order the information can be given in various
ways.41
According to oxford dictionary, improve is become or make
something to be better, to increase good qualities.42 In this case Tic Tac
Toe game is used as a technique to improve students understanding on
Simple Past Tense. There are some indicators of Students
Understanding on simple Past Tense, they are:
a. Students able to respond teacher or their friend well.
b. Students able to answer the teacher question well.
c. Students able to create simple past sentences well.
d. Students able to apply simple past tense in the real activities or in
some written text.
Improving Understanding is segment of direct teaching lesson
where teacher explains new content and it is a direct teaching phase is
the most important.43
So the result of this study is directed to improve their
understanding on simple past tense in form, in affirmative, negative or
interrogative sentences either verbal or nominal sentences.
8. Teaching and Learning Grammar

a. Basic Principles for Grammar Teaching
Some basic rules of thumb for grammar teaching which will
serve as the criteria for evaluating the practical approaches that
follow:
1) The E- Factors: Efficiency = economy, ease, and efficacy
Dealing with grammar is only a part of a teachers
activities, and given that classroom time is very limited, it
41
David A. Jacobsen, et. all, Method for Teaching Meningkatkan Belajar Siswa TK SMA,
(Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2009), 8th edition, p. 94
42
Martin H. Manser, Oxford Learners Pocket Dictionary, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000),
p.209
43
David A. Jacobsen, et.all, Op. Cit, p. 203
25
would seem imperative that whatever grammar teaching is

done as sufficiently as possible. If, as has been suggested, the
teachers energies should be at least partly directed at getting
learners to communicate, prolonged attention to grammar is
difficult to justify. Efficiency, in turn, can be broken down into
three factors: economy, easy, and efficacy.
When presenting grammar, a sound rule of thumb is:
the shorter the better. It has been shown that economy is the
key factors in the training of technical skills.
The ease factor recognizes the fact that most teacher
lead busy lives have many classes and simply cannot afford to
sacrifice valuable free time preparing elaborate classroom
material. Of course, the investment of time and energy in the
preparation of the material is often accompanied by a
commitment on the part of the teacher to make them work.
Finally, and most importantly, we now know a lot more
about what constitute the best condition for learning.
prerequisite for learning is attention. So the efficacy of

grammar activity can be partly measured by the degree of
attention it arouses. This means trying to exclude from the
focus of the learners attention any distracting or irrelevant
details. Attention without understanding, however it is waste
time, so efficacy will in part depend on the amount and quality
of contextual information, explanation and checking. Finally
understanding without memory would seem to be equally
ineffective, and so the efficacy of a presentation will also
depend on how memorable it is.
None of these conditions, however, will be sufficient if
there is a lack of motivation and, in the absence of some
external motivational factors, it is the teachers job to choose
tasks and materials that engage the learners.
26
Tasks and
materials that are involving, that are relevant to their needs, that
have an achievable outcome, and that have element of
challenge while providing the necessary support, are more
likely to be motivating
than those that do not have these
quality.
2) The A - Factor: Appropriacy

No class of learners is the same: not only in their needs,
interests, levels and goals going to vary, but their beliefs,
attitudes, and values will be different too. Any classroom
activity must be evaluated not only according to criteria of
efficiency, but also of appropriacy.44
b. Rule and Explanation

Many of the pros and cons of a rule driven approach hinge
on the quality of the actual rule explanation. The point was made
that it is not often the case that a linguistics version of a rule will
be appropriate in a classroom context, and there will inevitably be,
therefore, some trades off between the truthfulness of a rule and the
pedagogical worth of rule.
Michael Swan, author of teachers and students grammar,
offers the following criteria:
1) Truth: Rules should be true.
2) Limitation: Rules should show clearly what the limits are on the
use of a given form.
3) Clarity: Rules should be clear. Lack of clarity is often caused by
ambiguity or obscure terminology.
4) Simplicity: Rules should be simple.
5) Familiarity: An explanation should try to make use of concepts
already familiar to the learners.
44
Scott Thornbury, How to Teach Grammar, (UK: Bluestone Press, 2006), p. 25 26
27
6) Relevance: A rule should answer only those questions that the

student needs answered.45
From the explanation above, the teacher should more be
careful to give example of apply and using the rule. Teacher should
pay attention the characters of learners.
c. Deductive Approach and Inductive Approach
There are basically two ways in which a learner can achieve
understanding of rule:
1) A deductive Approach
It is started with the presentation of rule and is followed
by examples in which the rule is applied.
2) Inductive Approach
In the former, the grammar rule is presented and the
learners engage with it through the study and manipulation of
examples. In other hand, without having met the rule, the
learner studies example and form these examples derive an
understanding of the rule.46
B. PREVIOUS RESEARCH
There are some researchers that did the research by using game.
One of them is done by Rondiyah (05420472), Faculty of Language and
Arts Education, IKIP PGRI Semarang 2007. She made a Games as
Learning Media to Improve Vocabulary: A case study of the fourth year
students of MI Degayu I Pekalongan in Academic year 2008/ 2009.
She did the study because Language learning is hard task. She
assumed games are highly motivating since they are amusing and at the
sometimes challenging. Games also help the teacher to create context in
which the language is useful and meaningful.
45
46
Ibid., p.32
Ibid.,p.49
28
In her study, she compared the teaching by using conventional

method and by using game. The result of her study, she got that
vocabulary mastery of students taught using game increase 6.77%. And
vocabulary mastery of students taught without using game increase
3, 53%. There was a significant difference of vocabulary mastery of the
students who taught using game. The learning by using game is effective
than without game.47
Second researcher is Sukma Dian Rini (05420565) Faculty of
Language and Arts Education, IKIP PGRI Semarang 2007. She made a
Teaching English Using A Miming Games to the sixth year students of
SDN Kramat Kudus in Academic year 2007/ 2008.
She identified the difficulties faced by students. She used
observation and interview as an instrument to collect data.
The result of her study, the students has motivation to learn English
using Miming game. Through this game the students became active in the
class. Their knowledge about English is better than before.48
Two researchers above discussed about game, According to the
result of their research that games are useful thing for teacher and students.
They had similarity with the writers study. They involved game as a
media in learning. But there is significant difference between previous
researcher and the writer studied.
First research did not use certain game. Whereas not all of games
are appropriate with students age and their capability. The researcher
focused on the using of game as a media to improve students vocabulary.
She used interview and test to collect the data.
Then the second researcher focused on the effectiveness of miming
game to teach English. In this case the researcher used Miming game to
47
Rondiyah, Games as Learning Media to Improve Vocabulary: A case study of the fourth year
students of MI Degayu I Pekalongan in Academic year 2008/ 2009, (Semarang: Faculty of Language and Arts
Education IKIP PGRI, 2007)
48
Sukma Dian Rini, Teaching English Using A Miming Games to the sixth year students of SDN
Kramat Kudus in Academic year 2007/ 2008, (Semarang: Faculty of Language and Arts Education, IKIP
PGRI 2007)
29
teach English whole. There is no specific lesson or material of it. She used
interview, observation and test to collect the data.
In this case the writer uses a game as a media to observe the
improvement of students understanding on simple past tense. This
research use specific game and specific material, so the result of this
research is more accurate than two researches above. The writer uses
observation, test and document to collect the data.
C. ACTION HYPOTHESES
Based on the description above, there are some action hypotheses that
can be described as follows:
1.The use of Tic Tac Toe Game can improve students understanding on
simple past tense.
2. The use of Tic Tac Toe game should be implemented as an alternative
way in teaching simple past tense or past perfect tense.
30
CHAPTER III
METHOD OF INVESTIGATION
A. Research Approach
Research is an activity or a systematic process to solve a problem
that is done by applying scientific methods.49
David Nunan explained research is, first, it is about inquiry. It has
two components: process and product. The process is about an area of
inquiry and how it is pursued. The product is the knowledge generated
from the process as well as the initial area to be presented. Second,
research is a process which involves, (a) defining a problem, (b) stating an
objective and (c) formulating a hypothesis. It involves gathering
information, classification, analyzes, and interpretation to see to what
extent the initial objective has been achieved. Third, undertaking
structured investigation, which hopefully result in greater understanding of
the chosen interest area. Ultimately, this investigation becomes accessible
to the public. Fourth, an activity which analyzes and critical evaluates
some problems.50
There are various research designs including experiment,
descriptive, correlative, comparative, error analysis and action research.
In this study, the researcher used classroom action research. As
early as 1980, according to M.H.Long as cited by Marianne Celce Murcia
defined classroom research as research on second language learning and
teaching, all or part of whose data are derived from the observation or
measurement of the classroom performance of teacher and student.51
49
Emzir, Metodologi Penelitian Pendidkan Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif (Jakarta: PT. Raja grafindo
persada, 2008), p. 3
50
David Nunan, Research Method in Language Learning(USA: Cambridge University Press, 1992),
p.2
51
Marianne Celce Murcia, Teaching English as a Second or foreign Language (USA: Heinle &
Heinle 2001), 3 ed., p.490
31
The term action research is an approach to collecting and

interpreting data that involves a clear, repeated cycle of procedures. The
researcher begins by planning an action to address a problem, issue, or
question in his or her own context. This action (which is also called a
small scale intervention) is then carried out. The next step is the
systematic observation of the outcomes of the action. The observation is
done through a variety of procedure for collecting data. These include
audio or video recording, teachers daily entries, observation note, etc.
The broad goal of action research is to seek local understanding
and to bring about improvement in the context under study.52 Carrand and
Kemmis see action research as self reflective inquiry, undertaken by
participants in social situations in order to improve the rationality and
justice of their own practices, their understanding of their practices, and
the situations in which these practices are carried out.53 Simpler, action
research is learning by doing: one group identifies one problem, does to
solve the problem, observes them how the achievement of them. If it
doesnt successful, they will try again to get the achievement.
There are four activities in every cycle for doing classroom action
research. It steps using research cycle and it is implemented to increase the
students spirit to solve their faced problem. The procedure generally
associated with action research, according to Kemmis and Mc Taggart,
classroom action research is one of a continuing which is most simply
represented as a succession of stages, beginning with:
1. Planning that forms the basic for future.
2. Action to improve the situation, supported by,
3. Observation of what is happening, leading to more specific focus of
interest.
4. Reflection on the focus which has been identified by planning and so
on.
52
53
Ibid, p., 490

Julian Edge, Action Research, ( USA: Kirby Lithographic Company, 2001), p. 3
32
These components add together two components acting (second)

and observing (third) as one component. So when a researcher applies a
treatment, the researcher can observe them in one time.
The step of action research according to Kemmis and Mc Taggart
was below:
All those steps can be explained as follow:

1. Planning
Planning is a plan to conduct treatment or after making sure about the
problem of the research. It explains of word what, why, when, and where a
researcher does the research. 54 In this activity the researcher formulates
some procedural acts how to improve students understanding on

simple past tense. The procedures are put in some lesson plans. They
are formulated based on observation and reflection note of the previous
teaching and learning process.
54
Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik, (Jakarta: PT.

Rieneka Cipta, 2006), 6th Ed., p. 98
33
2. Acting
In this step, the researcher tries to implement some techniques or
procedural acts that have been formulated at planning.
3. Observing
The researcher is implementing some techniques or procedural
acts in improving students understanding on simple past tense, the
researcher also observing the teaching and learning process.
In this step, the researcher identifies and analyzes the data
collected during the treatment. The data being taken were quantitative
data. It is taken from test.
4. Reflecting
Reflecting is the activity of evaluating critically about the
progress or change of the students, class, and also teacher. In this step,
the writer can observe whether the action activity give result any
progress, what progress happened, and also about the positives and
negatives, and so on.
B. Research Subject/ Participant

This classroom action research would be held at the eighth grade
students of MTs Nahjatus Sholihin Kragan Rembang. There are four
classes at the eighth grade. They are class VIII A, B, C, D. The writer only
used one class as the subject of study. They were students of class VIII (C)
at MTs Nahjatus Sholihin Kragan Rembang that consist of 36 students.
C. Time and Setting
The research was conducted from August 26th, 2010 until October
4th 2010.
This is the research time schedule:
N
o
Time schedule/ week
Task Description
5
Augt
34
26
Augt
23
Sept
30
Sept
4 Oct
1. Asking permission to the

head master to do research
and get familiar with the
school situation.
2. Doing
preliminary
research
3. Doing the first cycle
(explained pattern of
simple past tense and
applied Tic Tac Toe
game)
4. Doing the second cycle
(explained the pattern of
simple past tense and
applied Tic Tac Toe
game)
5. Doing the third cycle
(reviewed the material
applying Tic Tac Toe
game on simple past tense
and did the test)
D. Technique of Data Collection

Collecting data method is the ways that can be used by researcher
to collect data.55. They are interview, observation, questionnaire, test and
documentation. In this study, the researcher used documentation, test and
observation.
1. Documentation
Documentation is searching the data. It is about note, book, news
paper, magazine, etc. The researcher uses this method to obtain data which
is related to this research. Those documents include students name and
documentation of teaching and learning process of classroom action
research.
2. Observation
55
Suharsimi Arikunto, Manajemen Penelitian (Jakarta: PT. Rieneka Cipta, 2009),p. 100
35
Observation is activities to observe the object closer about

activities directly.56 Observation in this research would be used to
monitoring the students activities during the teaching learning process of
English study by using Tic Tac Toe game. Observation was used in every
cycle to make a conclusion of teaching and learning process.
3. Test
Test is some questions that are used to measure the knowledge,
intelligence, skill or ability from individual or group.57 This test could
measure students ability to understand simple past tense by multiple
choice questions related to the lesson. It is given after students got some
activities of teaching trough Tic Tac Toe game.
E. Instrument of the Study
Research instrument is tool or facilities are used by researcher to
collect data. It is easier his work and the result of research are better, more
accurate, complete and systematic. So it is easier to be worked.58
An instrument could be form of questionnaire, observation
checklist, interview guided, and test.
In this research, the researcher used observation checklist, test and
documentation.
1) Observation checklist
In arranging observation checklist, the researcher listed some
students observable participate that indicated their activeness during
teaching and learning process.
In observation stage, the researcher was helped by the teacher
in observing what happen in the class during the lesson from opening
until closing. In addition, the researcher also observed what was going
on in the classroom and observed the effect of her teaching to improve
students understanding on simple past tense. Observation was carried
56
Riduan, Skala Pengukuran Variable Penelitian (Bandung : Alfabeta, 2009), p. 30

Suharsimi Arikunto, Op.Cit, p. 150
58
Ibid,. p. 160
57
36
out four times; preliminary, cycle I, II and III. The observation

checklist which is used in this study is as follow:
Table I
Form of observation checklist:
No
Klp
Descr.1
Name
Descr.2
3
Description
Descr.3
Descr.4
3
Descr.5
3
Descr.6
3
1. Students give attention to teachers explanation.

2. Students respond or answer to teachers question.
3. Students ask question to teacher relating the lesson.
4. Students show their activeness and enthusiasm in joining the game.
5. Students respond the other group friends answer
6. Students discipline in doing the task.
Criterion
Score 4, if the students condition is exactly the same as the criteria.
Score 3, if the students condition is close to the same as the criteria
Score 2, if the students condition is far from the same as the criteria
Score 1, if the students condition is totally different from the criteria
2) Test
In this research, the researcher used multiple choice tests.
Researcher gave test in after treatment for every cycle. The purpose is
to measure the improvement of students understanding on simple past
tense in every cycle. There were 10 items of multiple choice consists
of regular, irregular verb either verbal pattern or nominal pattern.
37
category
3) Documentation
The researcher used documentation which relate with this
research. They were students name list, lesson schedule, students
worksheet and photo of teaching and learning process by using Tic Tac
Toe game.
F. Technique of Data Analysis

After the researcher collected data trough test and observation, the
researcher analyzed the data used percentage descriptive quantitative
analysis in giving the score to find out the improvement of students
understanding on simple past tense by using Tic Tac Toe game.
1) Method of Analyzing Observation Checklist
Researcher used observation checklist during the teaching and
learning process in preliminary research, cycle I, cycle II and cycle III.
Then the result of observation checklist would be analyzed by
calculating the percentage as following:
The formula to measure the students participant is:
Percentage % =
n
100%
N
n = the score of students

N = the sum of total score
% = the percentage of the expectation.
From the formula above students participation can be categorized as

follow:
a. Little participation
The aspect of activity that was observed above reaches out for
about 25% from overall percentage 100%.
b. Enough participation
38
c. Good participation
d. Excellent
100%.
2) Method of Analyzing Test Result
a) Measuring the students individual ability
In every cycle, after treatment researcher gave multiple
choice tests to the students. It was contain of 10 multiple choice
tests. The score of correct answer is 1 and 0 to each wrong answer.
The result of the test would be analyzed by using percentage
scoring as following formula:
Score =
right answer
x100%
items
After giving percentage of score, then the researcher gave

five letters: A, B, C, D and E to classify the grade of students
scores level as follows:
The percentages of correct answer grade:
81 - 100 %
A: Excellent
61 80 %
B: Good
41 60 %
C: Fair
21 40 %
D: Less
0 20 %
E: Poor
Then, the researcher determined the frequency of students

score as below:
b) Calculating the result of study
The result from the achievement of study
The averageof the student results :
c) Measuring the Mean of Test
39
The totalof the Percentage

x 100%
The number of students
The researcher calculated the mean of test to measure the

improvement of students score in every cycle after calculated the
percentages of individual students score. The mean are formulated
as follow:
Calculate the mean of test.59
M
X
N
M = The mean of score

X = the total of score
N = the sum of students number.
From the result of analyze the score of test and observation
checklist. Researcher finds out the improvement of students
understanding on simple past tense by using Tic Tac Toe game.
G. Procedure of Collecting Data

This study was classroom action research, there were three cycles.
Each cycle was ended by multiple choice tests. Before the researcher did a
cycle, she conducted preliminary to know the students ability in
understanding tenses especially simple past tense.
The steps of action research (taken from: Penelitian Tindakan
Kelas, LP3 (UNNES: 2007).60
59
Sutrisno Hadi, Metodologi Research, (Yogyakarta: Andi Publisher, 2000) 3 edition, p.272
60
Panitia Sertifikasi Guru Rayon 12 LP3, Pendidikan dan Latihan Profesi Guru (PLPG) Sertifikasi
Guru dalam Jabatan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, (Semarang: UNNES: 2007), p. 39.
40
The activities of research were done in each cycle are as follows:

1. Preliminary
The first activity before the researcher did the cycle. The
researcher got the score by using conventional method from teacher
class on Thursday, August 26th, 2010. Then the researcher gave
multiple choice tests to measure the students ability before the
researcher implements the Tic Tac Toe game.
2. Cycle of Action Research

a. First Cycle (1st meeting)
For the first cycle, that be done on Thursday, September 23th,
2010 the researcher began with the teaching learning process.
2) Planning
a) The
researcher
and
teacher
discussed
about
the
implementation of Tic Tac Toe Game.

b) The researcher got information about condition of class.
c) Researcher made some groups of students in the classroom.
d) The researcher prepared the instructional tools, the material
of the study that researcher need.
e) Researcher planed to make the lesson plan for the first
meeting.
f) Researcher prepared the observation checklist of cycle I.
g) Researcher prepared the test for cycle I.
3) Acting
a) The teacher greeted the class and checked students
attendance list.
b) The teacher asked some students about their activity in the
past (as a brainstorming).
c) Teacher explained the simple past tense form.
d) Teacher divided students to 7 groups.
41
e) Teacher distributed Tic Tac Toe paper for every group.

f) Teacher stuck Tic Tac Toe verb on the blackboard.
g) Teacher introduced Tic Tac Toe game and explained the role
of playing it.
h) Teacher implemented the Tic Tac Toe game for teaching and
learning process.
i) Students played Tic Tac Toe game in a group.
j) At the end of the lesson, the teacher gave the students
multiple choice tests.
4) Observing
When the researcher was implementing some techniques or
procedurals act in his teaching. Researcher and English teacher
observed students activities in teaching and learning process and
also made a note in every activity.
5) Reflecting
a) Researcher and English teacher evaluated about the students
condition in the class.
b) Researcher and English teacher discussed about teaching and
learning process that have done to find the weakness and how
to improve it, in the next meeting.
c) Researcher analyzed the weakness and
strengthen of
implementation Tic Tac Toe Game in learning and teaching

with the teacher.
d) Researcher analyzed the data from observation checklist and
result of the test to find out the improvement of students
understanding on simple past tense taught by using Tic Tac
Toe game.
e) Researcher made reflection and conclude the result of the first
cycle.
42
b. Second Cycle (2nd meeting)

After conducting the first cycle, the researcher conducted
cycle II. The second cycle was done based on the result of the first
cycle, if the result from observation shows that the students score
still low, it is needed to be continued to the next cycle to fix the
previous weakness. The second cycle conducted on Thursday,
September 30th 2010. The designs of the second cycle are:
1) Planning
a) Researcher evaluated the result of reflection and discussed
with English teacher to be better in the next meeting.
b) Researcher prepared the instructional tools, the material of
the study that teacher need.
c) Researcher planed the lesson plan for the second meeting.
d) Researcher prepared the observation checklist of cycle II.
e) Researcher prepared the test for cycle II.
2) Acting
a) Teacher asked students about their difficulties of previous
lesson.
b) Teacher asked the students about their activities in the last
night, yesterday, two days ago, and condition of something.
c) Teacher reviewed the previous lesson.
d) Teacher explained simple past form more.
e) Teacher divided class to be 7 groups consist of different
students from cycle I.
f) Teacher distributed Tic Tac Toe paper for every group.
g) Teacher implemented Tic Tac Toe game using different
procedure from cycle I.
h) Teacher gave multiple choice tests.
43
3) Observing
When they were playing of Tic Tac Toe game and doing
assignment of some question of multiple choice tests. Researcher
observed students activities in teaching learning process and she
was helped by English teacher as a collaborator.
4) Reflecting
a) Researcher and English class teacher discussed about
teaching and learning process that have done to find the
weakness and how to improve it, in the next meeting.
b) Researcher analyzed the students score and the observation
checklist to find out the improvement of students
understanding on simple past tense taught by using Tic Tac
Toe game in cycle II.
c) Researcher evaluated and concluded the result of the second
cycle for the next meeting.
c. Third Cycle (3rd meeting)

The third cycle was done based on the result of the second
cycle. There are several aims of cycle III to improve the teaching
learning process, to give more opportunities to students, to improve
their understanding on simple past tense. The third cycle conducted
on Monday, October 4th 2010. The designs of third cycle are:
1). Planning
a) Researcher planned to make the lesson plan for next meeting.
b) Researcher prepared the observation checklist of cycle III
c) Researcher prepared the test for cycle III.
d) Researcher prepared the instructional tools, the material of
the study that researcher need.
2). Acting
a) Teacher greeted and checked students attendance list.
44
b) Teacher reviewed the previous material.

c) Teacher asked students about the condition of something in
the past and asked their activities in the past.
d) Teacher explained about simple past tense again especially in
nominal sentence to make sure that they have no problems.
e) Teacher divided class to be couples.
f) Teacher distributed Tic Tac Toe paper for every group.
g) Teacher explained the procedure of Tic Tac Toe game. It was
little different with procedure from cycle I and cycle II.
h) Each couple matches with other couple.
i) Teacher gave the multiple choice tests for students.
3). Observing
Researcher and
English
teacher observed
students
activities in teaching learning process while they were playing Tic

Tac Toe game and did the assignment of multiple choice tests
related to the material.
4). Reflecting
Researcher and teacher discussed teaching learning process
that has been done and then they analyzed students score to find
out the improvement of students understanding on simple past
tense. The result of students score was compared with the students
score in cycle I and II.
From the all result English teacher and researcher reflected
the activities that have been done. The result of this analysis could
be used as review that by using Tic Tac Toe game could improve
students understanding on simple past tense.
45
CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH FINDING
A. Result of the Study

This study was on the implementation of Tic Tac Toe game to
improve students understanding on Simple Past Tense. It was conducted
through a classroom action research which consisted of several activities.
1. Preliminary Research
This research was done on Thursday, September 23th 2010.
There were 36 students as participants. In this activity, students were
taught simple past tense by using conventional method. In this case the
researcher conducted at the beginning of the research. It was done by
Mr. Sofyan as English teacher. The researcher just observed the
classroom activity during the English lesson. Mr. Sofyan taught by
using inductive method.
First, teacher asked some students randomly about their
activities in the past or at the time in Indonesian. From the students
answer, teacher explained about simple past tense, all at one he
distinguished between the function of simple present and simple past
tense. From the observation, the researcher found some facts that
happened in the classroom during learning process. It could be
described as follows: grammar is hard subject and can make students
confused. So students looked bored, most of them didnt pay attention
for the teacher explanation and could not respond the teacher question.
At the beginning when teacher asked students to respond teacher
question, they were confused to distinguish verb I and verb II.
From the description above, it can be concluded that the
students participation activity and their understanding about simple
past tense was low during the English lesson. Then to make the
students enthusiastic and easy in learning, the researcher implemented
46
Tic Tac Toe Game to improve students understanding on simple past

tense.
Then, in this section, the researcher gave tests that contain of
10 items of multiple choices after students were taught by conventional
method. Students are given 15 minutes to do it. The purpose of the test
was to measure students achievement before given an action. Then the
result of tests, the researcher calculated with formula below:
Score =
righ tan swer x 100%

items
From the result above, then researcher calculated the mean of

students score. It was aimed to know the students comprehend of
simple past tense. After giving the test, the researcher intended to use
Tic Tic Toe game to the next activity to make students interest and
enjoy the learning process.
2. First Activity
a. Planning
This activity was done on Monday. Based on the result of
preliminary test that is not satisfied. The researcher and English
teacher decided to use Tic Tac Toe game. The treatment was
focused on improvement of students understanding on simple past
tense. Before applying Tic Tac Toe game researcher prepared the
instructional tools that were needed in teaching learning such as
lesson plan, observation checklist, Tic Tac Toe paper, and
students test.
b. Implementing
In this activity, the researcher became a teacher and she
was accompanied by the teacher as observer. The first activity, the
47
teacher asked some students about their activities in the past. In

fact, from the students answer they could not distinguish simple
present tense, simple past tense and simple continuous tense
pattern. Such as from students answer I am studying last night
and I am study. From this result, teacher explained the pattern of
simple past tense verbal sentence, and then teacher applied some
example. Teacher explained either verbal pattern or non verbal
sentence. When teacher explained in front of class about simple
past tense and gave examples of simple past tense, most of students
gave attention to her. Teacher gave chance for all students to make
and change simple past tense sentence to negative and interrogative
sentences. The students could respond and create sentences well,
although it was gradually. Then teacher walked around class and
asked one students in the backside about their activities in the past.
The student could make good positive sentence of simple past
tense. Then teacher asked other students to change that friends
sentence to be negative sentence. In this case, student could change
that sentence well, although she was doubt to answer it. Then
teacher let the students to ask question related to the material.
There is one students gave question for teacher. She asked about
the non verbal of simple past tense pattern.
After this, the teacher told to the students that in this
learning the teacher would apply Tic Tac Toe game to teach simple
past tense. The students seemed curiosity about it. Then teacher
stuck Tic Tac Toe Grid on the blackboard and teacher divided class
to be 7 groups, each group consists of 5 students. These groups
were divided according to their score from the preliminary test.
Then teacher distributed Tic Tac Toe paper to each group and
explained the procedure of playing Tic Tac Toe game. First there
were some students did not understand about the procedure, and
then they asked the teacher related to the procedure. After teacher
48
explained more, the students understood and they were ready to

play that game. Before playing Tic Tac Toe game, teacher and
students translated the meaning of verbs on Tic Tac Toe Grid. In
order each student understood and did not find any difficulties
when playing Tic Tac Toe game. To start this game the teacher
asked students to change verb WRITE to be past verb, which
group could answer quickly, they are to be first player of Tic Tac
Toe game. In this phase, the first player was group 6. From the
result of observation in cycle I, almost of students were to be active
than before.
c. Observing
For about 30 minutes, the teacher observed the students
condition. When students playing Tic Tac Toe game. The teacher
also was helped by Mr. Sofyan. When they were palying game,
they could look up the words in the dictionary. From the first
observe, some of group could not cooperation with their friend
well. And there were some students still confused about the form
of simple past tense, so they could not respond other group answer.
But students were very enthusiast and enjoy during the game
progress. Because the time was up, so the teacher stopped this
game. Some students asked to be continued this game to the next
meeting with other verbs. The winner was group 5. This group
could collect 4 of symbol O. During the treatment there were 3
students asked to the teacher.
After gave the treatment through Tic Tac Toe game, the
teacher gave multiple choice tests to measure students score. The
teacher gave 10 minute for students to do test. There 5 students that
could not discipline to do the test. They tried to get the other
friends answer.
49
To analyze students tests, the teacher used this formula to

calculate it. The formula was:
Score =
right answer
x100%
items
d. Reflecting
After students playing Tic Tac Toe game, teacher discussed
the result of observation when the game progressing and also made
reflection to the next cycle. In this cycle there were students still
confused to arrange a sentence using simple past form well.
Sometime, students still apply Verb +ing in sentence. When
playing Tic Tac Toe some of them could not cooperation with their
group. But some of them could respond other group answer. Then
researcher and English teacher planned to do the second cycle.
3. Second Cycle
a. Planning
This activity was done on Thursday. September 30th 2010.
In this activity, teacher also prepared the instructional tool for
teaching and learning process. Teacher done this cycle based on the
reflection of first cycle with the English teacher.
b. Implementing
In this cycle the teacher divided class to be 7 groups, it was
different with first cycle. The teacher made these groups according
to the result of test from cycle I. In this phase as brainstorming,
teacher asked some students about their activities in the past.
Teacher asked Avud Angga Adityan about his activity last night.
Avud answered using Indonesian. Then teacher chose other student
to translate the avuds answer in English. She was Siti Nuraini, she
could translate it well. From that example, teacher asked Faridatus
Sholihah to change the sentence to be negative sentence of simple
50
past tense. She could answer well, but she did not apply not in
the sentence, her answer was I did play last night . Then teacher
asked all of students to correct it. Then, teacher asked them to
change that sentence to be interrogative sentence in simple past
tense. Teacher also gave exercise in nominal sentence and students
could respond it well. For about 15 minute students were given
simple exercise about simple past tense. The purpose was to put in
main of simple past tense pattern and function for the students.
Then teacher told to the students that we would play Tic Tac Toe
game again. In this case, the students were so happy and made
noise. Before teacher applying Tic Tac Toe game, she divided class
to be 7 group. Then she distributed Tic Tac Toe paper for every
group and stuck Tic Tac Toe grid on the black board. Then the
teacher explained the role of playing Tic Tac Toe game from the
second cycle. Then teacher translated the verb on Tic Tac Toe
Grid, in order, students did not find any difficulties when play it.
Then teacher gave for about 10 minutes for them to discuss in
group.
c. Observing
In the second cycle, students showed their enthusiasm and
happiness too. Students paid attention for teacher explanation,
there were two students asked the teacher related to the procedures
of playing Tic Tac Toe game. It was from group 1, group 6 and
group 7.
When students discussed in group, they showed their
cooperation each other. In this case, teacher gave permission for
them to look up dictionary.
The first player was from group 6, because their group
could answer or change the simple verb to be past verb that was
given by teacher. For about 30 minutes they played Tic Tac Toe
51
game. From the observation, when they played Tic Tac Toe game,
the problem was found that some students still confused in creating
nominal sentence. After they got little explanation from teacher,
finally they understood and continued the game. In this case the
winner was group 3. Any way all of students could join with their
group well, and they could cooperation each other.
After playing Tic Tac Toe game, the teacher gave multiple
choice to get the students score in simple past tense. It was content
of 10 multiple choices. This cycle was followed 35 students,
because one student was absent. The teacher gave 10 minutes for
students to do test. There were some students did not discipline in
doing the test. They tried to look up dictionary. Then teacher
forbade them looking up the dictionary and asked them to be
honest and confident by themselves.
To analyze students tests, the teacher used this formula to
calculate it. The formula was:
Score =
right answer
x100%
items
d. Reflecting
Then teacher and English teacher discussed about teaching
learning process that have been done to find the weakness and how
to fix it in the next cycle and made reflection to the next cycle. In
this cycle, students still confused to create simple past sentence in
nominal pattern. And some of them still passive in responding the
other group answer. So the teacher decided to do the third cycle to
find out the students understanding on simple past tense well.
4. Third Cycle
a. Planning
52
The third cycle was done on Monday September 4th 2010.

This activity was done based on the reflection of the second cycle.
They still confused to create simple past tense in nominal sentence.
So, this cycle, teacher made non verbal more than verbal in Tic Tac
Toe grid.
b. Implementing
First, teacher greeted students and she checked the
attendance list. Then as a brainstorming, teacher asked one student
to answer her question. The question was What your class
condition one hour ago? Then Dian Listiyana answered by using
Indonesian. Then teacher translated it and wrote on the black board
My Class was clean an hour ago. Then, teacher wrote the
nominal simple past pattern.
Then teacher explained students little about simple past
tense pattern just to make more understood. Then teacher gave
other example, to make sure their understanding.
Then, teacher divided class to be couples. There were 14
couples and 7 students to be judge. Couple 1 matched with couple
2, couple 3 matched with couple 4 and soon. Then teacher
distributed Tic Tac Toe paper to them. And she stuck Tic Tac Toe
Grid on the blackboard. Then teacher explained about the
procedure of Tic Tac Toe for the third meting. This procedure is
similar with previous, but in this phase, each team had to make
straight on the tic tac toe paper and blocked the enemy.
In this case, before playing Tic Tac Toe game, the teacher
translated the words on Tic Tac Toe Grid and students respond her.
In order students did not find any difficulties when played game.
Teacher also allowed them to open dictionary.
Researcher and English teacher went around to observe
their act and to check their answer. There was not student find any
53
difficulties, but there were 3 judges asked the teacher or researcher

about the correctness of the sentence. Immediately teacher gave
explanation more to the group.
c. Observing
For about 30 minutes, students played Tic Tac Toe game.
By using different procedure of previous cycle In this case,
students were still enthusiasm to play this game. So it made the
class condition to be noise. And students more discipline and could
respond also check the opponent answer. Students were also more
accurate to create sentences.
After playing Tic Tac Toe game, teacher conducted test.
Teacher gave 15 minutes to do the test. The test consists of 10
multiple choices test. When doing the test, students were not
allowed to open their dictionary and book. No body tried to look
up the dictionary and ask other students answer.
d. Reflecting
In this cycle, the students improvement on understanding
simple past tense was more significant. It could be seen from the
average improvement score of the test and their enthusiastic in
learning process, they were serious and made effort to understand
simple past tense. The teacher and researcher decided to stop in
this cycle, teacher and researcher concluded that students
understood on simple past tense more significantly after being
given treatment using Tic Tac Toe game since the first cycle until
the third cycle.
B. The Students Improvement of Understanding on Simple Past Tense

after Being Taught Through The Use of Tic Tac Toe Game.
1. Students Score of The Preliminary test
54
After conducting test, the researcher gave score. The correct

answer got score 1 and wrong answer got 0 score. The maximum score
was 10. Then, after finding the result of the students test score, the
researcher analyzed the score by using percentage of scoring as follow:
Score=
right answer
x100%
items
Then the researcher used five letters: A, B, C, D and E to

classify the grade of students score level as presented on the tabel
below.
Table. 1.1
The test result of pre cycle can be seen in the table below:
NO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Students
code
Score
Percentage
Letter Score
Category
A- 1
A- 2
A- 3
A- 4
A- 5
A- 6
A- 7
A- 8
A- 9
A- 10
A- 11
A- 12
A- 13
A- 14
A- 15
A- 16
A- 17
A- 18
A- 19
A- 20
A- 21
A- 22
A- 23
A- 24
6
4
7
5
5
4
5
8
4
6
5
9
8
8
7
8
8
4
6
5
6
5
6
5
60 %
40 %
70 %
50 %
50 %
40 %
50 %
80 %
40 %
60 %
50 %
90 %
80 %
80 %
70 %
80 %
80 %
40 %
60 %
50 %
60 %
50 %
60 %
50 %
C
D
B
C
C
D
C
B
D
C
C
A
B
B
B
B
B
D
C
C
C
C
C
C
Fair
Less
Good
Fair
Fair
Less
Fair
Good
Less
Fair
Fair
Excellent
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Less
Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair
55
25
A- 25
26
A- 26
27
A- 27
28
A- 28
29
A- 29
30
A- 30
31
A- 31
32
A- 32
33
A- 33
34
A- 34
35
A- 35
36
A- 36
Total Score
Mean
7
6
3
6
8
6
5
6
3
6
6
4
210
5.83
70 %
60 %
30 %
60 %
80 %
60 %
50 %
60 %
30 %
60 %
60 %
40 %
B
C
D
C
B
C
C
C
D
C
C
D
Good
Fair
Less
Fair
Good
Fair
Less
Fair
Less
Fair
Fair
Less
Then from the result above the researcher calculated the

achievement of study used this formula:
The average of the student result:
The total of students score

X 100%
The Number of students
Table 1.2
The Category of The Students Score and Their Percentage:
No
Interval
Freq
Percentage
Category
81 100
2.78 %
Excellent
61 - 80
25 %
Good
41 - 60
19
52.78 %
Fair
21 - 40
19.44 %
Less
0 - 20
Poor
36
100%
From the data above there was 1 or 2.78% of 36 students got

excellent mark. There were 9 or 25 % of 36 students got good mark, 19
or 52.78% of 36 students got fair mark and 7 or 19,44 % of 36 students
got less mark. To know the mean score of result of tests researcher
calculated the mean of test as follow:
56
M=
X
N
Explanation:
M = The average of students score
X
N
= Total students score was 210.

= Total of students was 36.
The computation of the average score was follow:

210
= 5.83
36
The calculation result shows that the average of students test

result of preliminary cycle was 5.83. The highest score was 9 and the
lowest score was 3.
From the result above, the mean of students in comprehend of
simple past tense was low. The result of the average score was 5.83.
This score was still low from the minimum standard score (KKM), it
was 6. After giving the test, the researcher intended to use Tic Tic Toe
game to the next activity to make students interest and enjoy the
learning process.
2. Students Score of The First Cycle
Table. 2.1
The test result of first cycle can be seen in the table below:
NO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Students
code
Score
Percentage
Letter Score
Category
A- 1
A- 2
A- 3
A- 4
A- 5
A- 6
A- 7
10
6
10
7
9
5
6
100 %
60 %
100 %
70%
90 %
50 %
60 %
A
C
A
B
A
C
C
Excellent
Fair
Excellent
Good
Excellent
Fair
Fair
57
8
A- 8
9
A- 9
10
A- 10
11
A- 11
12
A- 12
13
A- 13
14
A- 14
15
A- 15
16
A- 16
17
A- 17
18
A- 18
19
A- 19
20
A- 20
21
A- 21
22
A- 22
23
A- 23
24
A- 24
25
A- 25
26
A- 26
27
A- 27
28
A- 28
29
A- 29
30
A- 30
31
A- 31
32
A- 32
33
A- 33
34
A- 34
35
A- 35
36
A- 36
Total Score
Mean
10
5
6
6
10
9
9
9
6
10
10
9
5
8
9
10
5
7
6
7
7
10
7
4
8
7
8
6
7
273
7.58
100 %
50 %
60 %
60 %
100 %
90 %
90 %
90 %
60 %
100 %
100 %
90 %
50 %
80 %
90 %
100 %
50 %
70 %
60 %
70 %
70 %
100 %
70 %
40 %
80 %
70 %
80 %
60 %
70 %
A
C
C
C
A
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
C
B
A
A
C
B
C
B
B
A
B
D
B
B
B
C
B
Excellent
Fair
Fair
Fair
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Fair
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Fair
Good
Excellent
Excellent
Fair
Good
Fair
Good
Good
Excellent
Good
Less
Good
Good
Good
Fair
Good

percentage of achievement of study used formula. The result was
below:
Table. 2.2
No
Interval
Freq
Percentage
Category
81 100
14
38.89%
Excellent
61 - 80
10
27.78%
Good
58
41 - 60
11
30.55%
Fair
21 - 40
2.78%
Less
0 - 20
Poor
36
100%
From the data above, it could be seen that 14 or 38.89% of 36

students got excellent mark, 10 or 27.78% students of 36 students got
good mark, 11 or 30.55 % of 36 students got fair mark, and 1 or 2.78%
of 36 students got less mark. After that, the researcher calculated the
mean using the same formula with previous research.
M=
X
N
Explanation:
M = Mean
X = Total students score was 273

= total of students was 36

273
= 7.58
35
The researchers analysis shows that the average of students

test result of the first cycle was 7.58. The highest score was 10 and the
lowest score was 4. The average of students test result increased 1.61.
It was from 5.97 to be 7.58. Researcher concluded that students
understanding on simple past tense improved.
3. Students Score of The Second Cycle

Table. 3.1
The test result of second cycle can be seen in the table below:
NO
Students
code
Score
Percentage
Letter Score
Category
A- 1
80 %
Good
59
2
A- 2
3
A- 3
4
A- 4
5
A- 5
6
A- 6
7
A- 7
8
A- 8
9
A- 9
10
A- 10
11
A- 11
12
A- 12
13
A- 13
14
A- 14
15
A- 15
16
A- 16
17
A- 17
18
A- 18
19
A- 19
20
A- 20
21
A- 21
22
A- 22
23
A- 23
24
A- 24
25
A- 25
26
A- 26
27
A- 27
28
A- 28
29
A- 29
30
A- 30
31
A- 31
32
A- 32
33
A- 33
34
A- 34
35
A- 35
36
A- 36
Total Score
Mean
7
10
Absent
8
5
5
10
8
5
6
10
10
10
9
9
10
8
6
7
9
8
10
6
9
8
7
9
10
9
5
7
7
6
8
7
276
7.88
70 %
100 %
Absent
80 %
50 %
50 %
100 %
80 %
50 %
60 %
100 %
100 %
100 %
90 %
90 %
100 %
80 %
60 %
70 %
90 %
80 %
100 %
60 %
90 %
80 %
70 %
90 %
100 %
90 %
50 %
70 %
70 %
60 %
80 %
70 %
C
A
absent
B
C
C
A
B
C
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
C
B
A
B
A
C
A
B
B
A
A
A
C
B
B
C
B
B
Fair
Excellent
Good
Fair
Fair
Excellent
Good
Fair
Fair
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Good
Fair
Good
Excellent
Good
Excellent
Fair
Excellent
Good
Good
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Fair
Good
Good
Fair
Good
Good

percentage of achievement of study used the same with previous
formula. The result was below:
60
Table. 3.2
No
Interval
Freq
Percentage
Category
81 100
14
40 %
Excellent
61 - 80
13
37.14%
Good
41 - 60
22.86%
Fair
31 - 40
Less
0 - 20
Poor
35
100%
From the table above, it could be seen that 14 students or 40 %

of students from VIII C got excellent mark, 13 or 37.14 % students got
good mark, and 8 or 22.86 % students got fair mark,. From that result,
the researcher could calculate the average (mean) of the score as
below:
M=
X
N
Explanation:
M
= Mean

276
= 7.88
35
The result of students average result was better than before.

Although, still there were some students got score close to standard of
minimum score.
4. Students Score of The Third Cycle
61
Table. 4.1
The test result of third cycle can be seen in the table below:
NO
Students
code
1
A- 1
2
A- 2
3
A- 3
4
A- 4
5
A- 5
6
A- 6
7
A- 7
8
A- 8
9
A- 9
10
A- 10
11
A- 11
12
A- 12
13
A- 13
14
A- 14
15
A- 15
16
A- 16
17
A- 17
18
A- 18
19
A- 19
20
A- 20
21
A- 21
22
A- 22
23
A- 23
24
A- 24
25
A- 25
26
A- 26
27
A- 27
28
A- 28
29
A- 29
30
A- 30
31
A- 31
32
A- 32
33
A- 33
34
A- 34
35
A- 35
36
A- 36
Total Score
Mean
Score
Percentage
Letter Score
Category
10
7
10
9
9
10
8
10
10
9
9
10
8
9
10
8
10
9
6
9
9
10
10
7
6
6
7
9
10
8
8
10
6
10
7
9
312
8.66
100 %
70 %
100 %
90%
90 %
100 %
80 %
100 %
100 %
90 %
90 %
100 %
80 %
90 %
100 %
80 %
100 %
90 %
60 %
90 %
90 %
100 %
100 %
70 %
60 %
60 %
70 %
90 %
100 %
80 %
80 %
100 %
60 %
100 %
70 %
90 %
A
B
A
A
A
A
B
A
A
A
A
A
B
A
A
B
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
B
C
C
B
A
A
B
B
A
C
A
B
A
Excellent
Fair
Excellent
Good
Good
Excellent
Good
Excellent
Good
Good
Good
Excellent
Good
Good
Excellent
Good
Excellent
Good
Fair
Good
Good
Excellent
Excellent
Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair
Good
Excellent
Good
Good
Excellent
Fair
Excellent
Fair
Good
62
Then from the result above, researcher classified the score by

using formula same previous research. The purpose was to know how
many students reached the result of study.
The result was below:

Table. 4.2
No
Interval
Freq
Percentage
Category
81 100
23
63.89%
Excellent
61 - 80
25 %
Good
41 - 60
11.11 %
Fair
31 - 40
Less
0 - 20
Poor
36
100%
From the table above, the result of student score increased

significantly. There were 23 or 63.89 % of 36 students got excellent
mark, 9 or 25 % of 36 students got good mark, and 4 or 11.11 % of 36
students got fair mark. Then researcher calculate the average (mean) of
the score as below:
M =
X
N
Explanation:
M
= Mean

312
= 8.66
36
63
From the researchers analysis, it shows that the average of

students test result of third cycle was 8.66 with the highest score was
10 and the lowest score was 6. There were improvements from one
cycle to the other cycle. The result of this cycle was also considered as
implementation. It was better than the previous one, although still there
were four students that got minimum score they were M. Nur hafidzon
(60), Qomariyah (60), Rini Nuryani (60) and Sunarmi (60). The
researcher concluded that the students difficulties in understanding on
simple past tense were solved enough through the use of Tic Tac Toe
game.
So, the improvement of result test score from the category of
preliminary to cycle III can be seen as follow:
Table. 4.3
The Result of Test from the First Cycle until Third Cycle as Follow:
No
Students
Preliminary
Cycle I
Cycle II
Cycle III
Code
A- 1
10
10
A- 2
A- 3
10
10
10
A- 4
Absent
A- 5
A- 6
10
A- 7
A- 8
10
10
10
A- 9
10
10
A- 10
11
A- 11
12
A- 12
10
10
10
13
A- 13
10
64
14
A- 14
10
15
A- 15
10
16
A- 16
17
A- 17
10
10
10
18
A- 18
10
19
A- 19
20
A- 20
21
A- 21
22
A- 22
10
23
A- 23
10
10
10
24
A- 24
25
A- 25
26
A- 26
27
A- 27
28
A- 28
29
A- 29
10
10
10
30
A- 30
31
A- 31
32
A- 32
10
33
A- 33
34
A- 34
10
35
A- 35
36
A- 36
Mean
5.83
7.58
7.88
8.66
C. Discussion
After the researcher implemented Tic Tac Toe game in teaching
simple past tense, she got the data. There were significant improvements
from the students understanding on simple past tense. Students were
65
being enthusiastic in teaching and learning process by using game. Most of

students be active in respond to students or teacher question. Students also
could distinguish verb I and Verb II. It was analyzed from each cycle and
then the researcher got the result of the classroom action research as
followed:
Preliminary Research
Cycle I
Cycle II
7.58
7.88
5.83
Cycle III
8.66
It was the result of students average score from preliminary cycle

to cycle 3. From the table above we can see that there was significant
improvement of students understanding on simple past tense.
There were many factors that influenced the result of study. One of
the factors was teaching aid or media. When a teacher employed an
appropriate teaching aid or media that is suitable with the method, the
students enjoyed the lesson. Based on the test result that had been done, it
can be described that using Tic Tac Toe game as a teaching media in the
process of learning English at VIII C students of MTs Nahjatus Sholihin
Kragan Rembang could improve students understanding on Simple Past
tense. Actually, the use of appropriate teaching media made students easy
to understand material that is delivered by the teacher. Learning used game
is effective to encourage students ability. It can stimulate students to be
active. Tic Tac Toe game was not only appropriate to teach simple past
tense but also it was appropriate for teaching vocabulary, spelling or
simple future tense. Tic Tac Toe game stimulates students mind and it is
one way of encouraging students creativity to create a sentence. Thus, in
fact Tic Tac Toe game was good medium to improve students
66
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
This chapter discussed about research conclusion and some

suggestions in teaching simple past tense by using Tic Tac Toe game.
D.
Conclusions
1. Tic Tac Toe game was implemented through the following steps. The
procedures as follow. First, teacher divided class to be seven groups.
Then teacher distributed Tic Tac Toe paper (with 9 blank boxes) for
groups and teacher stuck or drew Tic Tac Toe Grid on the blackboard.
Tic Tac Toe grid contents of nine verb infinitives or it is combined with
noun or adjective. Then teacher chose one infinitive verb on Tic Tac Toe
grid and teacher asked all of group to change it to be past verb. The
group could change infinitive verb firstly and accurately, they were first
player. Then that group made a simple past sentence by using verb that
have been chosen complete with its time signal. In this phase, teacher
gave instruction for the students to make positive, negative or
interrogative simple past sentences. If the answer was true they could put
symbol O on the Tic Tac Toe paper, and if the answer was wrong, they
put symbol X on Tic Tac Toe paper. Then the turn was go on the next
group. The group chose one infinitive verb on Tic Tac Toe grid and
changed it to be past infinitive. The group missed turn if they could not
create a sentence based on the pattern of simple past tense or their
answer was wrong. Each group had to make diagonal, vertical or
horizontal on Tic Tac Toe paper and each group had to block the enemy
to make a row in order to be a winner.
2. The use of Tic Tac Toe game can improve students understanding on
simple past tense. It can be seen the average score of students as follows:
67
Preliminary
5.83
Cycle I
Cycle II
7.58
7.88
Cycle III
8.66
The result above shows that the use of Tic Tac Toe game can help
students solve their difficulties to distinguish the verb 1 and verb 2. The
test result of the students under this research increased in every cycle.
E. Suggestions
After implementing Tic Tac Toe Game in improving students
understanding on simple past tense, there are several important things that
can be suggested in the last report of the paper and it is hopefully can be
useful for:
1. For the Teacher
a. Grammar is known as difficult subject for students. So, the teacher
should make a variety in teaching and learning either media or
technique to solve the students boredom.
Tic Tac Toe game is
recommended for the English teacher

b. Tic Tac Toe game is a one of media that can be applied on it. The use
of Tic Tac Toe game in teaching and learning is interesting because it
can attract students interest and motivation in teaching and learning
process. It makes students to be active in responding teacher or their
friend.
c. Tic Tac To game can be used not only to teach simple past tense but
also perfect tense, spelling, etc.
2. For the students

a. Students should learn English and should not give up. Students can
develop their knowledge and capability by themselves or with their
partner use exercises. Studying grammar is important, in order students
have comprehensible communicate.
68
b. Students have to brave respond the teacher or friend question. Or Ask

question to teacher about the difficulties the material.
c. Students have to effort how to get understanding more about the
English material in classroom or in the environment.
d. Students should not be afraid of making mistake for the arranging
simple past sentence.
F. Closing
Thus, the thesis was made, the writer is sure that this thesis is far from
perfectness, because of that, constructive critic and advises are really
expected. Finally, the researcher hopefully this thesis use for all us. amen
69
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72
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal details:
Name
: Dewi Chalim
Place and date of birth
: Rembang, May 06th, 1988.
Address
: Ds. Kalipang, RT/ 04 RW/ 01 Sarang Rembang
Phone
: 081390154041
Education:
1. TK pertiwi Kalipang
2. SDN Kalipang I Sarang graduated in 2000
3. MTs Nahjatus Sholihin Kragan Rembang graduated in 2003
4. MA Al Hikmah Pati graduated in 2006
5. IAIN Walisongo Semarang 9th semester
73
Appendix 1.
The list of students
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
NAME
AFWA ISNAINIYAH
AHMAD JAZULI
AINUN MAKRIFAH
AMINATUL MUNAWAROH
ANIKMATUL HASANAH
AVUD ANGGA ADITYAN
DIAN LISTIYANA
DZURIYATUN SHOLEHAH
ENDANG DWI WIDAYANTI
ERNA NUR LIANA
FARIDATUS SHOLIKAH
HERVINA
IQLIMA NURJANNAH
ISWAHYUDI
JUWARIYAH
KHILIFATUN NAFISAH
LATIFATUL WAHIDAH
M. NAILUL MUNA
M. NUR HAFIDZOH
MARATUS SHILIKAH
MOH. DIKHA IKHWANUDIN
MUNIFATUS SAROFAH
NAVA DEVITA NUR INSANI A
PUJI UTAMI
QOMARIYAH
RINI NURYANI
ROSYAD ASYARI
SITI MAESAROH
SITI NURAINI
SITI QOSIDAH
SITI SRIYOGI PURWANTI
SRI LESTARI
SUNARMI
TARWATI
WASIATUN
YANIK MUNFARIDA
74
CODE
A- 1
A- 2
A- 3
A- 4
A- 5
A- 6
A- 7
A- 8
A- 9
A- 10
A- 11
A- 12
A- 13
A- 14
A- 15
A- 16
A- 17
A- 18
A- 19
A- 20
A- 21
A- 22
A- 23
A- 24
A- 25
A- 26
A- 27
A- 28
A- 29
A- 30
A- 31
A- 32
A- 33
A- 34
A- 35
A- 36
Appendix 2
Lesson Plan Cycle I
School
: MTs Nahjatus Sholihin
Subject
: English
Class / Semester
: Junior High School Grade VIII/I
Time Allotment
: 2 x 40 minutes
Material
: Simple past tense
Standard Competence
: To express the information in the simple written short

functional text accurately, fluently and acceptable to
interact with surrounding or in the context of
academic.
Basic Competence
: Express the meaning in the written simple short

functional text content of simple past tense to interact
with surrounding accurately.
Indicators
: Students are able to use the simple past tense in

form.
Students are able to use the simple past tense in
written expression.
A. Learning aims
By the end of this lesson, the students are able to
Make sentences using simple past tense form.
Express simple past tense written or oral.
B. Teaching Method = PPP (Presentation Practice Production)

C. Procedure :
1. Building Knowledge of the Field (BKOF)
- Teacher opens the lesson by greeting the students.
- Teacher checks the students attendance list.
- Teacher asks students randomly about their activities in the past.
- Teacher writes students answer on the blackboard.
2. Modeling of Text (MOT)
- Teacher explains simple past form.
- Teacher introduces and explains about playing TIC TAC TOE game.
75
Here are the procedures of the technique:

- Teacher chooses a verb on the grid of tic tac toe on the blackboard. Example,
teacher chooses word PLAY.
- Teacher changes that word to be past verb PLAYED.
- Then teacher chooses a blank sentence that appropriate with that past verb.
foot ball yesterday.
- If the teachers answer is true she put 0 on the blank tic tac toe paper. If the
teachers answer is wrong she puts X on the blank tic tac toe paper.
3. Join Construction of Text (JCOT)
- Students make a group consist of 5 or 6 persons to play a TIC TAC TOE
game. The technique of playing this game are:.
- Teacher sticks TIC TAC TOE grid on the blackboard
- Every group get TIC TAC TOE paper.
- One person of group chooses one verb from TIC TAC TOE game on the
blackboard.
- Student discusses with their friends to change the simple word to be past verb.
- Then the group chooses the blank of simple past tense sentence using
appropriate past verb.
- If the students answer is true, they put O on their TIC TAC TOE paper. If the
students answer is wrong, they put X on their TIC TAC TOE paper.
- The game continues by the next group until finish.
- The group will miss the turn if:
The group cannot answer or the answer of simple sentence is wrong.
- The winner is the group which gets many of symbols 0.
4. Independent Construction of the Text (ICOT)
- Teacher reviews the material.
- Teacher gives an opportunity for students to ask their difficulties.
- Teacher gives multiple choice tests for students about simple past tense.
D. Source
: Fun with Grammar Book.
1. Media : TIC TAC TOE grid

TIC TAC TOE paper
Triyanto, dkk, WAJAR, LKS Bahasa Inggris kelas VIII, Graha Pustaka:
Jakarta.
76
Dr. Mukarto, dkk, English on Sky 2 for Junior High School Students
Year VIII, 2007, Erlangga: Jakarta.
2. Assessment:
Form
: Written test
Technique
: Students are assigned to answer multiple choice tests.
Aspect to be assessed : accuracy

Scoring guidance
:
Test item 10.
Maximal score 10
Total score 10
Researcher
English Teacher
Dewi Chalim
Sofyan. S.Pd
Head Master
Of MTs Nahjatus Sholihin
Drs. Hamzani Syarif
77
Appendix 3
Lesson Plan Cycle II
School
Subject
: English
Class / Semester
Time Allotment
: 2 x 40 minutes
Material
: Simple past tense
Standard Competence

academic.
Basic Competence

Indicators

form.
written expression.
A. Learning aims

C. Procedure :
-
Teacher opens the lesson by greeting the students.
Teacher checks the students attendance list.
Teacher asks students randomly about their activities in the past.
Teacher writes students answer on the blackboard.

- Teacher reviews the previous material.
- Teacher explains about the playing TIC TAC TOE game.
78

- Teacher chooses a verb on Tic Tac Toe on the blackboard. Example teacher
chooses word PLAY.
- Then teacher makes a simple sentence of PLAYED using simple past tense
form. She played foot ball yesterday.
- If the teachers answer is true she put 0 on the blank Tic Tac Toe paper. If the
teachers answer is wrong she puts X on the blank Tic Tac Toe paper.
-
Students make group consist of 5 or 6 persons consist of different person in

cycle I to play a TIC TAC TOE game. The technique of playing this game
are:
Teacher sticks TIC TAC TOE grid on the blackboard.
Every group gets TIC TAC TOE grid.
One person of group chooses one verb from TIC TAC TOE game on the
blackboard.
Student discusses with their friends to change the simple word to be past
verb.
Then the group makes a simple sentence using that past verb by using simple
past tense form.
If the students answer is true, they put O on their TIC TAC TOE paper. If
the students answer is wrong, they put X on their TIC TAC TOE paper.
The game continues by the next group.
The group will miss the turn if:

The group cannot answer or the answer of simple sentence is wrong.
The winner is the group which gets many of simbol 0.

-
Teacher reviews the material.
Teacher gives an opportunity for students to ask their difficulties.
Teacher gives multiple choice tests for students about simple past tense.
D. Source: Fun with Grammar Book.

TIC TAC TOE paper
79
Triyanto, dkk, WAJAR, LKS Bahasa Inggris kelas VIII, Graha Pustaka:
Jakarta.
2. Assessment:
Form
: Written test
Technique
Aspect to be assessed : Accuracy

Scoring guidance
:
Test item 10.
Maximal score 10
Total score 10
Researcher
English Teacher
Dewi Chalim
Sofyan. S.Pd
Head Master
Drs. Hamzani Syarif
80
Appendix 4
Lesson Plan Cycle III
School
Subject
: English
Class / Semester
Time Allotment
: 2 x 40 minutes
Material
: Simple past tense
Standard Competence

academic.
Basic Competence

Indicators

form.
written expression.
A. Learning aims

C. Procedure :
- Teacher opens the lesson by greeting the students.
- Teacher checks the students attendance list.
- Teacher asks students randomly about their activities in the past.
- Teacher writes students answer on the blackboard.

- Teacher reviews previous lesson of simple past form.
81
- Teacher asked students about the condition of something in the past and asked
their activities in the past.
- Teacher explains about playing TIC TAC TOE game.
- Teacher choose verb on of Tic Tac Toe grid on the blackboard. Example
teacher chooses word PLAY.
- Then teacher makes a simple sentence of PLAYED use simple past tense
form. She played foot ball yesterday.
- Teacher has to make true answer to create a diagonal, horisontal or vertical
crosses on tic tac toe paper to be winner.
-
Students divided to be 14 couples in couple.
Group 1 will play with group 2, group 3 will play with group 4, and group 5
will play with group 6 to play a TIC TAC TOE game.
One group is X and other one is O.
Teacher distributes a TIC Tac Toe Paper for every group.

The technique of playing this game are:
Teacher sticks verbal TIC TAC TOE grid and a big on the blackboard.
Teacher translates the meaning of word in Tic Tac Toe grid.
Then group 1 and group 2 pingsut to be the first player.
The first group chooses one verb from TIC TAC TOE game on the
blackboard.
Student discusses with their friends to change the simple word to be past
verb.
Then the group makes a simple past sentence using that past verb.
If the students answer is true, they put signal X or O on the big TIC TAC
TOE grid on the blackboard.
If the students answer is wrong, they miss a turn. The chance is continued
by other group.
The game continues by using the procedure until finish.
Each group has to create a diagonal, vertical or horizontal answer on TIC

TAC TOE paper. If the opponent has two in a row, the team has to block
them in the third playing.
82
The winner is the first team that gets three X or three O in a row.

-
Teacher reviews the material.
Teacher gives an opportunity for students to ask their difficulties.
Teacher gives multiple choice tests for students about simple past tense.
D. Source: Fun with Grammar Book.

Blank of TIC TAC TOE paper.
Triyanto, dkk, WAJAR, LKS Bahasa Inggris kelas VIII, Graha
Pustaka: Jakarta.
2. Assessment:
Form
: Written test
Technique
Aspect to be assessed : Accuracy

Scoring guidance
:
Test item 10.
Maximal score 10
Total score 10
Researcher
English Teacher
Dewi Chalim
Sofyan. S.Pd
Head Master
Drs. Hamzani Syarif
83
Name
Number
Appendix 5
Preliminary test
Choose correct answer a, b, c or d below based on the question!
1. Last Saturday, I .............. to Tasikmalaya.
a. go
c. am going
b. went
d. goes
2. I.........................at Nisa and Ahmad's house yesterday.

a. am staying
c. stayed
b. had stayed
d. stay
3. I .......................... Gunung Batok two years ago.

a. Climb
c. climbs
b. am climbing
d. climbed
4. We.......................... picture of the beautiful sceneries last vacation.

a. takes
c. took
b. had took
d. is taking
5. In 2009 my family.................to go Sumatra.

a. wanted
c. wants
c. had wanted
d. want
6. The cat...................the mouse an hour ago.

a. catch
c. is catching
c. has catch
d. caught
7. The cousin........................ in a large field long time ago.

a. is living
c. lives
c. lived
d. has lived
8. One time, the mouse......................... the cat the best vegetable.

a. offered
c. offers
c. is 6offering
d. offer
9. Did we.....some food, fruit, and drink for our lunch yesterday?
a. bring
c. brought
b. is bring
d. brings
10. My Father a teacher five years ago..

a. is
c. was
b. were
d. is not
84
Appendix 6
Name
Number
Cycle I
1. Alisya Subandono.me in my dream, last night.
a. visited
c. visit
b.visits
d. is visiting
2. My family.on Jl. Supratman in 2001.

a. has stayed
c. stayed
b.staying
d. stay
3. Three hour ago, Miss Mary..in a tent.

a. Sleeps
c. is sleeping
b. Slept
d. sleeps
4. Joshua.from Canada Two years ago.

a. come
c. had came
b. comes
d. came
5. I....Cristiano Ronaldo last holiday.

a. met
c. am meeting
b.meet
d. have met
6. Faisal.mathematic class last semester.

a. takes
c. take
b. took
d. has took
7. They did notlibrary last Tuesday.

a. go
c. are going
b. went
d. gone
8. Last Monday, the book store..

a. open
c. opened
b. is opening
d. opens
9. Agnes Monica..me a rose flower a week ago.

a. give
c.gave
b.gives
d. was giving
10. This room..comfort for them last night.

a.was
c. is not
b. is
d. are
85
Appendix 7
Name
Number
Cycle II
1. We..........in the swimming pool two weeks ago.
a. swim
c. swam
b. is swimming
d. swims
2. I ...........................a T shirt, jeans and a cap last Ramadhan.

a. bought
c. buy
b. buys
d. am buying
3. Six months ago, my family........... to Gembira Loka zoo.

a. go
c. goes
b. went
d. is going
4. We......................in front of that tiger yesterday.

a. stood
c. stand
b. is standing
d. stands
5. My family .........................in Ambarukmo hotel in May.

a. stayed
c. is staying
b. stay
d. stays
6. I ........................ for her news a few minutes ago.

a. am waiting
c. waited
b. waits
d. wait
7. Mr. and Mrs. Ridwan.....................to celebrate their wedding anniversary a week

before today.
a. plans
c. planed
c. are planing
d. plan
8. I .............................Mia's novel on Sunday night.

a. borrowed
c. borrows
b. am borrowing
d. borrow
9. She did not...........................in to the water yesterday.

a. jumped
c. jump
b. jumping
d. jumps
10. She.........................see my actress in theatre on Sunday.

a. does
b. did not
c. do not
d. did
86
Name
Number
Appendix 8
Cycle III
1. My brother............his money a week ago.
a. spent
c. spends
b. spend
d. is spending
2. She ..........................the picnic on January 17th, 2010.

a. is enjoying
c. enjoyed
b. enjoy
d. had enjoyed
3. Chocolate.......................me feel better one hour ago.

a. make
c. is making
b. makes
d. made
4. I.....................back from hospital yesterday.

a. comes
c. came
b. is coming
d. come
5. I......................reading that book last night.

a. finished
c. finish
b. am finishing
d. finishes
6. Garden.........................a beautiful place in this village several years ago.

a. was
c. is
b. were
d. is not
7. Did they........................ to library on Friday?

a. went
c. goes
b. go
d. going
8. Last vacation, my friend..............................a mountain in Karang Anyar.

a. is visiting
b. visits
c. visit
d. visited
9. We........see many animals yesterday.

a. can
c. could
b. has could
d. had could
10. Raihan..........................me to ride roller coaster with them on July.

a. asks
b. is asking
c. ask
d. asked
87
Appendix 9
Key words of tests
Preliminary
Cycle I
NO Key word
No
Key Word
Cycle II
Cycle III
NO Key Word
C
NO key Word
A
88
Appendix 10
CYCLE I
Change and complete
MEET
VISIT
FIND
BUY
RIDE
FINISH
READ
BREAK PLAN
1. Michael.a horse yesterday.

2. Last night, Ithat novel.
3. Olga Syahputra.in a tent last night
4. Two days ago, Hea window.
5. Carroline..her old friend yesterday.
6. Laila..her job last month.
7. They Farhans house last week.
8. My father.. my uncle in bus station last night.
9. Carla.wallet on the road three hours ago.
10. Last Saturday, Farhan. A bunch of rambutan.
89
Appendix 11
CYCLE II
Change and make sentence

(VERBAL OR NOMINAL SENTENCE
COME
Beautiful BRING
TEACHER KNOW
CRY
WASH
90
COOK
CHEAP
Appendix 12
CYCLE III
Change and make sentence
(VERBAL OR NOMINAL SENTENCE)
WALK
HOT
EXPENSIVE WRITE
FIND
DOCTOR
91
DELICIOUS
FAT
PRAY
Appendix 13
Students condition when they were discussing to
play Tic Tac toe game.
92
93
Appendix 14
Group of Cycle I
Group
Name of students
Score
1
X
1
O
1
Dzuriyatun sholehah
Ainun makrifah
Wasiatun
Sri lestari
Siti Sriyogi P
Rosyad Asyari
Iqlima Nurjannah
Dian Listiyana
Faridatus Sholikah
Tarwati
Ahmad Jazuli
Hervina
Afwa Isnainiyah
Aminatul. M
Avud Angga A
Erna Nur Liana
Iswahyudi
Juwariyah
Nava Devita Nur Insani A
Anikmatul Hasanah
Endang Dwi W
Kholifatun Nafisah
M. Nur Hafidzoh
Rini Nuryani
Maratus Sholikah
M. Nailul Muna
Latifatul Wahidah
Qomariyah
Siti Maesaroh
Munifatus Sarofah
Yanik Munfarida
Moh. Dikha Ikhwanudin
Siti Nuraini
Siti Qosidah
Puji Utami
Sunarmi
94
Group of Cycle II
Group
Score
Name of students
O
Iswahyudi
Rini Nuryani
Tarwati
Faridatus Sholikah
Rosyad Asyari
Siti Nuraini
Latifatul Wahidah
Yanik Munfarida
Avud Angga A
Sri lestari
Kholifatun Nafisah
Hervina
Qomariyah
Dzuriyatun sholehah
Anikmatul Hasanah
Siti Qosidah
Siti Sriyogi P
Ahmad Jazuli
Juwariyah
Maratus Sholikah
Moh. Dikha Ikhwanudin
Erna Nur Liana
Puji Utami
Siti Maesaroh
Afwa Isnainiyah
Sunarmi
Munifatus Sarofah
Iqlima Nurjannah
Endang Dwi W
M. Nailul Muna
Nava Devita Nur Insani A M. Dian
Listiyana
Ainun makrifah
Wasiatun
Nur Hafidzoh
95
Group of Cycle III

Group
Students'ameN
1
Jury
Iswahyudi
Symbol
Khollifatun N
Sunarmi
Latifatul W
Erna Nurliana
atiTarw
A Jazuli
Endang Dwi W
Sri Lestari
Puji Utami
M faridatus S
Ma hahholis'usat
Afwa Isnainah
Munifatus
Ainun Makrifah
Sarofah
Siti Nuraini
2
Siti Qosidah
M.Ikwanudin Dhika
Nava Devita
Rini nuryani
Qomariyah
Siti Sriyogi Purwati
M Nailul Muna
Dian Listiyana
Yanik Munfarida
Hervina
Puji Utami
Siti Maesaroh
Wasiatun
Rosyad As'ary
Dzuriyatun S
Juwariyah
10
Nur Jannah Iqlima

M Nur Hafidzon
11
Avud Angga Adityan

Anikmatul H
12
96
97
Appendix 15
Lembar Pengamatan Siswa dalam Kegiatan Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan TIC TAC TOE game.
Nama sekolah
Tahun Pelajaran
: 2010/2011
Kelas/ Semester
: VIII/ I
Pokok Bahasan
: Simple Past Tense
Siklus ke
:pre
No
Students name
Description I
Description II
Description III
Description IV
Description V
Description VI
1 2
1
Categoriz
ation
AFWA ISNAINIYAH
13
65%
Good
AHMAD JAZULI
12
60%
Good
AINUN MAKRIFAH
13
65%
Good
AMINATUL
MUNAWAROH
ANIKMATUL
HASANAH
AVUD ANGGA
ADITYAN
13
65%
Good
13
65%
Good
13
65%
Good
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
13
65%
Good
14
70%
Good
13
65%
Good
ERNA NUR LIANA
13
65%
Good
FARIDATUS SHOLIKAH
13
65%
Good
13
65%
Good
DIAN LISTIYANA
DZURIYATUN
SHOLEHAH
ENDANG DWI
WIDAYANTI
HERVINA
IQLIMA NURJANNAH
13
65%
Good
ISWAHYUDI
10
50%
Good
13
65%
Good
65%
Good
JUWARIYAH
16
KHILIFATUN NAFISAH
13
17
LATIFATUL WAHIDAH
13
65%
Good
18
M. NAILUL MUNA
16
80%
Excellent
19
M. NUR HAFIDZOH
10
50%
Enough
20
MARATUS SHILIKAH
MOH. DIKHA
IKHWANUDIN
13
65%
Good
10
50%
Enough
21
98
22
MUNIFATUS SAROFAH
13
65%
Good
23
NAVA DEVITA NUR

INSANI A
14
70%
Good
24
PUJI UTAMI
13
65%
Good
25
QOMARIYAH
13
65%
Good
13
65%
Good
26
27
28
29
RINI NURYANI
ROSYAD ASYARI
14
70%
Good
SITI MAESAROH
13
63%
Good
20
100%
Excellent
95%
Excellent
65%
Good
SITI NURAINI
30
SITI QOSIDAH
19
31
SITI SRIYOGI
PURWANTI
13
32
SRI LESTARI
17
85%
Excellent
33
SUNARMI
13
65%
Good
34
TARWATI
13
65%
Good
35
WASIATUN
13
65%
Good
36
YANIK MUNFARIDA
13
65%
Good
481
Description
:
7.
Students give attention to teachers explanation.
8.
Students respond or answer to teachers question.
9.
Students ask question to teacher relating the lesson.
Criterion
99
Appendix 16
Nama sekolah
Tahun Pelajaran
Kelas/ Semester
Pokok Bahasan
Siklus ke
No
: 2010/2011
: VIII/ I
: Simple Past Tense
:Cycle I
Students name
Description I
1 2
Description II
4
Description III
4
Description IV
4
Description V
4
Description VI
4
Categorizatio
n
AFWA ISNAINIYAH
17
70.83%
Good
AHMAD JAZULI
20
83.33%
Excellent
AINUN MAKRIFAH
17
70.83%
Good
AMINATUL
MUNAWAROH
ANIKMATUL
HASANAH
AVUD ANGGA
ADITYAN
18
75%
Good
20
83.33%
Excellent
17
70.83%
Good
5
6
7
DIAN LISTIYANA
20
83.33%
Excellent
DZURIYATUN
SHOLEHAH
ENDANG DWI
WIDAYANTI
18
75%
Good
18
75%
Good
10
ERNA NUR LIANA
20
83.33%
Excellent
11
FARIDATUS SHOLIKAH
17
70.83%
Good
20
83.33%
Excellent
12
HERVINA
13
IQLIMA NURJANNAH
20
83.33%
Excellent
14
ISWAHYUDI
20
83.33%
Excellent
17
70.83%
Good
15
JUWARIYAH
16
KHILIFATUN NAFISAH
17
70.83%
Good
17
LATIFATUL WAHIDAH
17
70.83%
Good
18
M. NAILUL MUNA
20
83.33%
Excellent
100
19
M. NUR HAFIDZOH
14
58.33%
Good
20
MARATUS SHILIKAH
20
83.33%
Excellent
21
MOH. DIKHA
IKHWANUDIN
15
62.5%
Good
22
MUNIFATUS SAROFAH
17
70.83%
Good
23
NAVA DEVITA NUR

INSANI A
18
75%
Good
24
PUJI UTAMI
17
70.83%
Good
25
QOMARIYAH
17
70.83%
Good
20
83.33%
Excellent
26
RINI NURYANI
27
ROSYAD ASYARI
21
87.5%
Excellent
28
SITI MAESAROH
17
70.83%
Good
24
100%
Excellent
29
SITI NURAINI
30
SITI QOSIDAH
21
87.5%
Excellent
31
SITI SRIYOGI
PURWANTI
17
70.83%
Good
32
SRI LESTARI
16
66.66%
Good
33
SUNARMI
17
70.83%
Good
34
TARWATI
17
70.83%
Good
35
WASIATUN
17
70.83%
Good
36
YANIK MUNFARIDA
19
79.16%
Excellent
657
Description
:
1. Students give attention to teachers explanation.
2. Students respond or answer to teachers question.
3. Students ask question to teacher relating the lesson.
101
Criterion
102
Appendix 17
Nama sekolah
Tahun Pelajaran
Kelas/ Semester
Pokok Bahasan
Siklus ke
No

: 2010/2011
: VIII/ I
: Simple Past Tense
:Cycle II
Students name
Description I
1 2
3
4
Description II
1
2
3 4
Description III
1
2
3
4
Description IV
1
2
3
4
Description V
1
2
3
Description VI
1
2
3
4
Categorization
AFWA ISNAINIYAH
15
62.5%
Good
AHMAD JAZULI
21
87.5%
Excellent
AINUN MAKRIFAH
17
70.83%
Good
AMINATUL
MUNAWAROH
ANIKMATUL
HASANAH
AVUD ANGGA
ADITYAN
20
83.33%
Excellent
16
66.66%
Good
5
6
DIAN LISTIYANA
24
100%
Excellent
DZURIYATUN
SHOLEHAH
ENDANG DWI
WIDAYANTI
21
87.5%
Excellent
20
83.33%
Excellent
9
10
ERNA NUR LIANA
21
87.5%
Excellent
11
FARIDATUS SHOLIKAH
17
70.83%
Good
24
100%
Excellent
12
HERVINA
13
IQLIMA NURJANNAH
21
87.5%
Excellent
14
ISWAHYUDI
21
87.5%
Excellent
17
70.83%
Good
15
JUWARIYAH
16
KHILIFATUN NAFISAH
17
70.83%
Good
17
LATIFATUL WAHIDAH
17
70.83%
Good
18
M. NAILUL MUNA
24
100%
Excellent
19
M. NUR HAFIDZOH
15
62.5%
Good
103
20
MARATUS SHILIKAH
21
87.5%
Excellent
21
MOH. DIKHA
IKHWANUDIN
20
83.33%
Excellent
22
MUNIFATUS SAROFAH
17
70.83%
Good
21
87.5%
Excellent
23
nava devita nur insani a
24
PUJI UTAMI
17
70.83%
Good
25
QOMARIYAH
17
70.83%
Good
20
83.33%
Excellent
26
RINI NURYANI
27
ROSYAD ASYARI
21
87.5%
Excellent
28
SITI MAESAROH
16
66.66%
Good
21
87.5%
Excellent
29
SITI NURAINI
30
SITI QOSIDAH
21
87.5%
Excellent
31
SITI SRIYOGI
PURWANTI
17
70.83%
Good
32
SRI LESTARI
19
79.2%
Good
33
SUNARMI
17
70.83%
Good
34
TARWATI
17
70.83%
Good
35
WASIATUN
17
70.83%
Good
36
YANIK MUNFARIDA
20
83.33%
Excellent
667
Description
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Students show their activeness and enthusiasm in joining the game.
5.
Students respond the other group friends answer
6.
Students discipline in doing the task.
104
Criterion
105
Appendix 18
Nama sekolah
Tahun Pelajaran
Kelas/ Semester
Pokok Bahasan
Siklus ke
No

: 2010/2011
: VIII/ I
: Simple Past Tense
:Cycle III
Students name
Description I
1 2
3
4
Description II
1
2
3 4
Description III
1
2
3
4
Description IV
1
2
3
4
Description V
1
2
3
Description VI
1
2
3
4
Categorization
AFWA ISNAINIYAH
20
83.33%
Excellent
AHMAD JAZULI
20
83.33%
Excellent
AINUN MAKRIFAH
18
75%
Good
AMINATUL
MUNAWAROH
ANIKMATUL
HASANAH
AVUD ANGGA
ADITYAN
20
83.33%
Excellent
18
75%
Good
15
62.5%
Good
DIAN LISTIYANA
21
87.5%
Excellent
DZURIYATUN
SHOLEHAH
ENDANG DWI
WIDAYANTI
21
87.5%
Excellent
24
100%
Excellent
10
ERNA NUR LIANA
20
83.33%
Excellent
11
FARIDATUS SHOLIKAH
18
75%
Good
21
87.5%
Excellent
5
6
12
HERVINA
13
IQLIMA NURJANNAH
22
91.66%
Excellent
14
ISWAHYUDI
21
87.5%
Excellent
17
70.83%
Good
15
JUWARIYAH
16
KHILIFATUN NAFISAH
16
66.66%
Good
17
LATIFATUL WAHIDAH
21
87.5%
Excellent
18
M. NAILUL MUNA
21
87.5%
Excellent
106
19
M. NUR HAFIDZOH
16
66.66%
Good
20
MARATUS SHILIKAH
21
87.5%
Excellent
21
MOH. DIKHA
IKHWANUDIN
19
79.16%
Excellent
22
MUNIFATUS SAROFAH
19
79.16%
Excellent
23
NAVA DEVITA NUR

INSANI A
21
87.5%
Excellent
24
PUJI UTAMI
18
75%
Good
25
QOMARIYAH
17
70.83%
Good
18
75%
Good
26
RINI NURYANI
27
ROSYAD ASYARI
21
87.5%
Excellent
28
SITI MAESAROH
21
87.5%
Excellent
21
87.5%
Excellent
29
SITI NURAINI
30
SITI QOSIDAH
24
100%
Excellent
31
SITI SRIYOGI
PURWANTI
17
70.83%
Good
32
SRI LESTARI
19
79.16%
Excellent
33
SUNARMI
17
70.83%
Good
34
TARWATI
18
75%
Good
35
WASIATUN
18
75%
Good
36
YANIK MUNFARIDA
17
70.83%
Good
696
Description
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Students show their activeness and enthusiasm in joining the game.
5.
Students respond the other group friends answer.
6.
Students discipline in doing the task.
107
Criterion

Using Tic Tac Toe Game To Improve

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What is the research about?

What is the research about?

What methods were used in the research?

What methods were used in the research?

USING TIC TAC TOE GAME TO IMPROVE

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF TARBIYAH FACULTY

Matter: A Final Project Manuscript Approval

Assalamu alaikum Wr.Wb

: Tarbiyah/ English Department

: USING TIC TAC TOE GAME TO IMPROVE

is approved. Therefore, we appeal in order to examine it as soon as

M. Nafi Annury, M,Pd

Dr. Mustofa, M.Ag

Dra. Siti Mariam, M.Pd

Dr. Muslih, M.A

M. Nafi Annury, M,Pd

Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today

A FINAL PROJECT STATEMENT

I certify that this thesis is definitely my own work. I am completely

Semarang, December 7th, 2010

ADVISOR APPROVAL .........

FINAL PROJECT STATEMENT.........

TABLE OF CONTENT ..........

LIST OF APPENDICES ........

B. Reason For Choosing The Topic .

D. Objectives of The Study .

F. Definition of The Key Term ...

G. Scope of The Study ...

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

a. General Concept of Game ..

b. Advantages and Disadvantages of Game.

2. Tic Tac Toe Game ..

a) Tic Tac Toe Game to Teach Simple Past Tense.......

b) The Characteristic of Tic Tac Toe Game.

c) Procedure of Tic Tac Toe Game .

d) The Strategy of Playing Tic Tac Toe game .

3. Teaching English at Junior High School

4. The Characteristic of Adolescence .

a. General Concept of Tense ...

Time Signal of Simple Past Tense ......

c. The Function of Simple past Tense .

6. Language Teaching Method ...

a. The Grammar Translation Method ..

b. The Direct Method .....

c. The Silent Way ....

e. Community Language Learning ..

f. Total Physical Respond ...

Community language Teaching ......

h. Audio Lingual Method

7. Improving of Students Understanding..

8. Teaching and Learning Grammar ..

a. Basic Principle for Grammar Teaching ...

b. Rule and Explanation ..

c. Deductive Approach and Inductive Approach ........

C. ACTION HYPHOTHESIS ......

B. Research Subject/ Participant....

C. Time and Setting .......