Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Media Lab
Projects | Spring 2016

MIT Media Lab

Buildings E14 / E15
75 Amherst Street
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
communications@media.mit.edu
http://www.media.mit.edu
617 253-5960

Many of the MIT Media Lab research projects described in the following pages are conducted under the auspices of sponsor-supported,
interdisciplinary Media Lab centers, joint research programs, and initiatives. They are:
Autism & Communication Technology Initiative
The Autism & Communication Technology Initiative utilizes the unique features of the Media Lab to foster the development of innovative
technologies that can enhance and accelerate the pace of autism research and therapy. Researchers are especially invested in creating
technologies that promote communication and independent living by enabling non-autistic people to understand the ways autistic people are
trying to communicate; improving autistic people's ability to use receptive and expressive language along with other means of functional,
non-verbal expression; and providing telemetric support that reduces reliance on caregivers' physical proximity, yet still enables enriching and
natural connectivity as wanted and needed.
Center for Civic Media
Communities need information to make decisions and take action: to provide aid to neighbors in need, to purchase an environmentally
sustainable product and shun a wasteful one, to choose leaders on local and global scales. Communities are also rich repositories of information
and knowledge, and often develop their own innovative tools and practices for information sharing. Existing systems to inform communities are
changing rapidly, and new ecosystems are emerging where old distinctions like writer/audience and journalist/amateur have collapsed. The Civic
Media group is a partnership between the MIT Media Lab and Comparative Media Studies at MIT. Together, we work to understand these new
ecosystems and to build tools and systems that help communities collect and share information and connect that information to action. We work
closely with communities to understand their needs and strengths, and to develop useful tools together using collaborative design principles. We
particularly focus on tools that can help amplify the voices of communities often excluded from the digital public sphere and connect them with
new audiences, as well as on systems that help us understand media ecologies, augment civic participation, and foster digital inclusion.
Center for Extreme Bionics
Half of the world's population currently suffers from some form of physical or neurological disability. At some point in our lives, it is all too likely
that a family member or friend will be struck by a limiting or incapacitating condition, from dementia, to the loss of a limb, to a debilitating disease
such as Parkinson's. Today we acknowledge and even "accept" serious physical and mental impairments as inherent to the human condition.
But must these conditions be accepted as "normal"? What if, instead, through the invention and deployment of novel technologies, we could
control biological processes within the body in order to repair or even eradicate them? What if there were no such thing as human disability?
These questions drive the work of Media Lab faculty members Hugh Herr and Ed Boyden, and MIT Institute Professor Robert Langer, and what
has led them and the MIT Media Lab to propose the establishment of a new Center for Extreme Bionics. This dynamic new interdisciplinary
organization will draw on the existing strengths of research in synthetic neurobiology, biomechatronics, and biomaterials, combined with
enhanced capabilities for design development and prototyping.
Center for Mobile Learning
The Center for Mobile Learning invents and studies new mobile technologies to promote learning anywhere anytime for anyone. The Center
focuses on mobile tools that empower learners to think creatively, collaborate broadly, and develop applications that are useful to themselves
and others around them. The Center's work covers location-aware learning applications, mobile sensing and data collection, augmented reality
gaming, and other educational uses of mobile technologies. The Center s first major activity will focus on App Inventor, a programming system
that makes it easy for learners to create mobile apps by fitting together puzzle piece-shaped blocks in a web browser.
Communications Futures Program
The Communications Futures Program conducts research on industry dynamics, technology opportunities, and regulatory issues that form the
basis for communications endeavors of all kinds, from telephony to RFID tags. The program operates through a series of working groups led
jointly by MIT researchers and industry collaborators. It is highly participatory, and its agenda reflects the interests of member companies that
include both traditional stakeholders and innovators. It is jointly directed by Dave Clark (CSAIL), Charles Fine (Sloan School of Management),
and Andrew Lippman (Media Lab).

The most current information about our research is available on the MIT Media Lab Web site, at http://www.media.mit.edu/research/.

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The Lab has also organized the following special interest groups (SIGs), which deal with particular subject areas.
Advancing Wellbeing
In contributing to the digital revolution, the Media Lab helped fuel a society where increasing numbers of people are obese, sedentary, and glued
to screens. Our online culture has promoted meaningfulness in terms of online fame and numbers of viewers, and converted time previously
spent building face-to-face relationships into interactions online with people who may not be who they say they are. What we have helped to
create, willingly or not, often diminishes the social-emotional relationships and activities that promote physical, mental, and social health.
Moreover, our workplace culture escalates stress, provides unlimited caffeine, distributes nutrition-free food, holds back-to-back sedentary
meetings, and encourages overnight hackathons and unhealthy sleep behavior. Without being dystopian about technology, this effort aims to
spawn a series of projects that leverage the many talents and strengths in the Media Lab in order to reshape technology and our workplace to
enhance health and wellbeing.
CE 2.0
Most of us are awash in consumer electronics (CE) devices: from cellphones, to TVs, to dishwashers. They provide us with information,
entertainment, and communications, and assist us in accomplishing our daily tasks. Unfortunately, most are not as helpful as they could and
should be; for the most part, they are dumb, unaware of us or our situations, and often difficult to use. In addition, most CE devices cannot
communicate with our other devices, even when such communication and collaboration would be of great help. The Consumer Electronics 2.0
initiative (CE 2.0) is a collaboration between the Media Lab and its sponsor companies to formulate the principles for a new generation of
consumer electronics that are highly connected, seamlessly interoperable, situation-aware, and radically simpler to use. Our goal is to show that
as computing and communication capability seep into more of our everyday devices, these devices do not have to become more confusing and
complex, but rather can become more intelligent in a cooperative and user-friendly way.
City Science
The world is experiencing a period of extreme urbanization. In China alone, 300 million rural inhabitants will move to urban areas over the next
15 years. This will require building an infrastructure equivalent to the one housing the entire population of the United States in a matter of a few
decades. In the future, cities will account for nearly 90 percent of global population growth, 80 percent of wealth creation, and 60 percent of total
energy consumption. Developing better strategies for the creation of new cities, is therefore, a global imperative. Our need to improve our
understanding of cities, however, is pressed not only by the social relevance of urban environments, but also by the availability of new strategies
for city-scale interventions that are enabled by emerging technologies. Leveraging advances in data analysis, sensor technologies, and urban
experiments, City Science will provide new insights into creating a data-driven approach to urban design and planning. To build the cities that
the world needs, we need a scientific understanding of cities that considers our built environments and the people who inhabit them. Our future
cities will desperately need such understanding.
Code2b
Code2b, a Media Lab collaboration with Google, aims to create a new generation of computer scientists, innovators, and inventors and have
them emerge from the underserved 8-12th grade Black and Latino populations. The pilot launched in January 2016 with two laboratories, one in
NYC and one in Oakland. Curricula is being developed by the Media Lab. Code2b's first year of tutorials and maker activities are focusing on
several domains: fabrication and design, digital music and interactive media, and game design. Our toolbox includes laser cutters, 3D printers,
Scratch, Makey Makey, and Arduino. In the second year, we will introduce Python, Raspberry Pi, BeagleBone, and emphasize making code to
make things that make things. Learning domains will emphasize computational design, mechatronics, robotics, web design, web technology,
and 2D and 3D design. In addition, we teach parents technology and provide academic enrichment to our students. We will have four
successive cohorts of freshmen (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019).
Connection Science
As more of our personal and public lives become infused and shaped by data from sensors and computing devices, the lines between the digital
and the physical have become increasingly blurred. New possibilities arise, some promising, others alarming, but both with an inexorable
momentum that is supplanting time honored practices and institutions. MIT Connection Science is a cross-disciplinary effort drawing on the
strengths of faculty, departments and researchers across the Institute, to decode the meaning of this dynamic, at times chaotic, new
environment. The initiative will help business executives, investors, entrepreneurs and policymakers capitalize on the multitude of opportunities
unlocked by the new hyperconnected world we live in.
Digital Currency Initiative (DCI)
The Internet enabled people to easily call each other without a phone company, send a document without a mail carrier, or publish an article
without a newspaper. As a result, more than 2.9 billion people depend on a decentralized communications protocol the Internet to more
efficiently communicate with one another. Similarly, cryptocurrencies like bitcoin enable permission-less innovation for entrepreneurs and
technologists to build world-changing applications that answer the demand for global transactions that has been created by global
communication. The Digital Currency Initiative strives to be a neutral leader of world-class research to push the boundaries of knowledge around
cryptocurrency and its underlying distributed ledger technology. We seek to clarify the real-world impact of these technologies, inspired by their
potential for public good and mindful of the risks and ethical questions attached to them. We act in support of the MIT and open-source
cryptocurrency communities and yet are open to collaborating with all sectors of society.
Emerging Worlds
The Emerging Worlds SIG is focused on emerging opportunities to address pressing challenges, and leapfrog existing solutions. Emerging
Worlds are vibrant ecosystems where we are rolling out new and innovative citizen-based technologies using a framework that supports the
wide-ranging needs of urban populations. It is a co-innovation initiative to solve problems in areas such as health, education, financial inclusion,
food and agriculture, housing, transportation, and local business.

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Ethics
The Ethics Initiative works to foster multidisciplinary program designs and critical conversations around ethics, wellbeing, and human flourishing.
The initiative seeks to create collaborative platforms for scientists, engineers, artists, and policy makers to optimize designing for humanity....
Future of News
The Future of News is designing, testing, and making creative tools that help newsrooms adapt in a time of rapid change. As traditional news
models erode, we need new models and techniques to reach a world hungry for news, but whose reading and viewing habits are increasingly
splintered. Newsrooms need to create new storytelling techniques, recognizing that the way users consume news continues to change. Readers
and viewers expect personalized content, deeper context, and information that enables them to influence and change their world. At the same
time, newsrooms are seeking new ways to extend their influence, to amplify their message by navigating new paths for readers and viewers,
and to find new methods of delivery. To tackle these problems, we will work with Media Lab students and the broader MIT community to identify
promising projects and find newsrooms across the country interested in beta-testing those projects.
Future Storytelling
The Future Storytelling working group at the Media Lab is rethinking storytelling for the 21st century. The group takes a new and dynamic
approach to how we tell our stories, creating new methods, technologies, and learning programs that recognize and respond to the changing
communications landscape. The group builds on the Media Lab's more than 25 years of experience in developing society-changing technologies
for human expression and interactivity. By applying leading-edge technologies to make stories more interactive, improvisational, and social,
researchers are working to transform audiences into active participants in the storytelling process, bridging the real and virtual worlds, and
allowing everyone to make and share their own unique stories. Research also explores ways to revolutionize imaging and display technologies,
including developing next-generation cameras and programmable studios, making movie production more versatile and economic.
Media Lab Learning
The Media Lab Learning initiative explores new approaches to learning. We study learning across many dimensions, ranging from neurons to
nations, from early childhood to lifelong scholarship, and from human creativity to machine intelligence. The program is built around a cohort of
learning innovators from across the diverse Media Lab groups. We are designing tools and technologies that change how, when, where, and
what we learn; and developing new solutions to enable and enhance learning everywhere, including at the Media Lab itself. In addition to
creating tools and models, the initiative provides non-profit and for-profit mechanisms to help promising innovations to scale.
Open Agriculture (OpenAG)
The MIT Media Lab Open Agriculture (OpenAG) initiative is on a mission to create healthier, more engaging, and more inventive future food
systems. We believe the precursor to a healthier and more sustainable food system will be the creation of an open-source ecosystem of food
technologies that enable and promote transparency, networked experimentation, education, and hyper-local production. The OpenAG Initiative
brings together partners from industry, government, and academia to develop an open source "food tech"? research collective for the creation of
the global agricultural hardware, software, and data commons. Together we will build collaborative tools and open technology platforms for the
exploration of future food systems.
Pixel Factory
Data is ubiquitous in a world where our understanding of it is not. The Pixel Factory is a special interest group working to help people
understand their data by making tools to transform data into stories. The Pixel Factory is led by the Macro Connections group, a group
experienced in the creation of data visualization engines including: The Observatory of Economic Complexity (atlas.media.mit.edu), Immersion
(immersion.media.mit.edu), and Pantheon (pantheon.media.mit.edu).
Terrestrial Sensing
The deeply symbiotic relationship between our planet and ourselves is increasingly mediated by technology. Ubiquitous, networked sensing has
provided the earth with an increasingly sophisticated electronic nervous system. How we connect with, interpret, visualize, and use the
geoscience information shared and gathered is a deep challenge, with transformational potential. The Center for Terrestrial Sensing aims to
address this challenge.
Ultimate Media
Visual media has irretrievably lost its lock on the audience but has gained unprecedented opportunity to evolve the platform by which it is
communicated and to become integrated with the social and data worlds in which we live. Ultimate Media is creating a platform for the invention,
creation, and realization of new ways to explore and participate in the media universe. We apply extremes of access, processing, and interaction
to build new media experiences and explorations that permit instant video blogging, exploration of the universe of news and narrative
entertainment, and physical interfaces that allow people to collaborate around media.

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V. Michael Bove Jr.: Object-Based Media ...................................................................................................................................................... 1

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3D Telepresence Chair ................................................................................................................................................................................

4K/8K Comics ..............................................................................................................................................................................................
8K Time Machine .........................................................................................................................................................................................
Aerial Light-Field Display .............................................................................................................................................................................
BigBarChart .................................................................................................................................................................................................
Bottles&Boxes: Packaging with Sensors .....................................................................................................................................................
Calliope ........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Consumer Holo-Video .................................................................................................................................................................................
Dressed in Data ...........................................................................................................................................................................................
DUSK ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Emotive Materials ........................................................................................................................................................................................
EmotiveModeler: An Emotive Form Design CAD Tool ................................................................................................................................
Everything Tells a Story ...............................................................................................................................................................................
Free-Space Haptic Feedback for 3D Displays ............................................................................................................................................
Guided-Wave Light Modulator for Holographic Video .................................................................................................................................
Infinity-by-Nine .............................................................................................................................................................................................
ListenTree: Audio-Haptic Display in the Natural Environment .....................................................................................................................
Live Objects .................................................................................................................................................................................................
Narratarium ..................................................................................................................................................................................................
Networked Playscapes: Dig Deep ...............................................................................................................................................................
Pillow-Talk ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
Printed Wearable Holographic Display ........................................................................................................................................................
Programmable Synthetic Hallucinations ......................................................................................................................................................
ShAir: A Platform for Mobile Content Sharing .............................................................................................................................................
Slam Force Net ............................................................................................................................................................................................
Smell Narratives ..........................................................................................................................................................................................
SurroundVision ............................................................................................................................................................................................
Thermal Fishing Bob: In-Place Environmental Data Visualization ..............................................................................................................

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Ed Boyden: Synthetic Neurobiology .............................................................................................................................................................. 5

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Cognitive Integration: The Nature of the Mind .............................................................................................................................................

Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Tools ..................................................................................................................................................
Prototype Strategies for Treating Brain Disorders .......................................................................................................................................
Tools for Mapping the Molecular Structure of the Brain ..............................................................................................................................
Tools for Recording High-Speed Brain Dynamics .......................................................................................................................................
Understanding Normal and Pathological Brain Computations ...................................................................................................................

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Cynthia Breazeal: Personal Robots ................................................................................................................................................................ 6

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AIDA: Affective Intelligent Driving Agent .....................................................................................................................................................

Animal-Robot Interaction .............................................................................................................................................................................
Cloud-HRI ....................................................................................................................................................................................................
Collaborative Robot Storyteller ....................................................................................................................................................................
DragonBot: Android Phone Robots for Long-Term HRI ..............................................................................................................................
Global Literacy Tablets ................................................................................................................................................................................
Huggable: A Social Robot for Pediatric Care ..............................................................................................................................................
Interactive Journaling ..................................................................................................................................................................................
Mind-Theoretic Planning for Robots ............................................................................................................................................................
Robot Learning from Human-Generated Rewards ......................................................................................................................................
Robot Mindset and Curiosity .......................................................................................................................................................................
Robotic Language Learning Companions ...................................................................................................................................................
Robotic Learning Companions ....................................................................................................................................................................
SHARE: Understanding and Manipulating Attention Using Social Robots ..................................................................................................
Socially Assistive Robotics: An NSF Expedition in Computing ...................................................................................................................
Tega: A New Robot Platform for Long-Term Interaction .............................................................................................................................
TinkRBook: Reinventing the Reading Primer ..............................................................................................................................................

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Kevin Esvelt: Sculpting Evolution .................................................................................................................................................................. 9

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Computer-Assisted Transgenesis ............................................................................................................................................................... 9

Engineering Microbial Ecosystems .............................................................................................................................................................. 9
Preventing Lyme Disease by Permanently Immunizing Mice .................................................................................................................... 10
Reducing Suffering in Laboratory Animals ................................................................................................................................................ 10
Studying the Evolution of Gene Drive Systems ......................................................................................................................................... 10
Understanding Molecular Evolution ........................................................................................................................................................... 10

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Hugh Herr: Biomechatronics ......................................................................................................................................................................... 11

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Artificial Gastrocnemius .............................................................................................................................................................................

Biomimetic Active Prosthesis for Above-Knee Amputees .........................................................................................................................
Control of Muscle-Actuated Systems via Electrical Stimulation ................................................................................................................
Dancing Control System for Bionic Ankle Prosthesis ................................................................................................................................
Effect of a Powered Ankle on Shock Absorption and Interfacial Pressure ................................................................................................
FitSocket: Measurement for Attaching Objects to People .........................................................................................................................
FlexSEA: Flexible, Scalable Electronics Architecture for Wearable Robotics Applications .......................................................................
Human Walking Model Predicts Joint Mechanics, Electromyography, and Mechanical Economy ...........................................................
Load-Bearing Exoskeleton for Augmentation of Human Running .............................................................................................................
Neural Interface Technology for Advanced Prosthetic Limbs ....................................................................................................................
Powered Ankle-Foot Prosthesis ................................................................................................................................................................
Sensor-Fusions for an EMG Controlled Robotic Prosthesis ......................................................................................................................
Terrain-Adaptive Lower Limb Prosthesis ...................................................................................................................................................
Tethered Robotic System for Understanding Human Movements ..........................................................................................................
Variable-Impedance Prosthetic (VIPr) Socket Design ...............................................................................................................................
Volitional Control of a Powered Ankle-Foot Prosthesis .............................................................................................................................

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Cesar Hidalgo: Macro Connections .............................................................................................................................................................. 14

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Collective Memory .....................................................................................................................................................................................

Data USA ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
Data Visualization: The Pixel Factory ........................................................................................................................................................
DIVE ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
FOLD .........................................................................................................................................................................................................
GIFGIF .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
Immersion ..................................................................................................................................................................................................
Opus ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Pantheon ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
Place Pulse ................................................................................................................................................................................................
PubPub ......................................................................................................................................................................................................
StreetScore ................................................................................................................................................................................................
The Economic Complexity Observatory ...................................................................................................................................................
The Language Group Network ..................................................................................................................................................................
The Network Impact in Success ................................................................................................................................................................
The Privacy Bounds of Human Mobility .....................................................................................................................................................

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Hiroshi Ishii: Tangible Media ......................................................................................................................................................................... 16

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bioLogic .....................................................................................................................................................................................................
HydroMorph ...............................................................................................................................................................................................
Inflated Appetite .........................................................................................................................................................................................
inFORM .....................................................................................................................................................................................................
jamSheets: Interacting with Thin Stiffness-Changing Material ..................................................................................................................
LineFORM .................................................................................................................................................................................................
MirrorFugue ...............................................................................................................................................................................................
Pneuduino .................................................................................................................................................................................................
Pneumatic Shape-Changing Interfaces .....................................................................................................................................................
Radical Atoms ...........................................................................................................................................................................................
TRANSFORM ............................................................................................................................................................................................
TRANSFORM: Adaptive and Dynamic Furniture ......................................................................................................................................

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Joseph M. Jacobson: Molecular Machines .................................................................................................................................................. 18

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Context-Aware Biology ..............................................................................................................................................................................

Context-Aware Pipette ...............................................................................................................................................................................
GeneFab ....................................................................................................................................................................................................
NanoFab ....................................................................................................................................................................................................
Scaling Up DNA Logic and Structures .......................................................................................................................................................
Synthetic Photosynthesis ..........................................................................................................................................................................

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Sepandar Kamvar: Social Computing .......................................................................................................................................................... 19

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A Multi-Sensor Wearable Device for Analyzing Stress Response in Preschool Classrooms ....................................................................
Bicycle Study .............................................................................................................................................................................................
Big Data for Small Places ..........................................................................................................................................................................
Computational Scope and Sequence for a Montessori Learning Environment .........................................................................................
Microculture ...............................................................................................................................................................................................
Proximity Networks ....................................................................................................................................................................................
Storyboards ...............................................................................................................................................................................................
The Dog Programming Language .............................................................................................................................................................

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Wildflower Montessori ............................................................................................................................................................................... 20

You Are Here ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 21

Kent Larson: Changing Places ...................................................................................................................................................................... 21

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Andorra Living Lab ....................................................................................................................................................................................

ARkits: Architectural Robotics Kits ............................................................................................................................................................
BoxLab ......................................................................................................................................................................................................
CityHOME: 200 SQ FT .............................................................................................................................................................................
CityOffice ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
CityScope Barcelona .................................................................................................................................................................................
CityScope BostonBRT ...............................................................................................................................................................................
CityScope Hamburg ..................................................................................................................................................................................
CityScope Mark I: Real-Time Data Observatory .......................................................................................................................................
CityScope Mark II: Scout ...........................................................................................................................................................................
CityScope Mark III: Dynamic 3D ................................................................................................................................................................
CityScope Mark IV: Playground .................................................................................................................................................................
CityScope Mark IVa: Riyadh ......................................................................................................................................................................
CityScope Mark IVb: Land Use/Transportation .........................................................................................................................................
Context-Aware Dynamic Lighting ..............................................................................................................................................................
Creative Cities ...........................................................................................................................................................................................
Hybrid Autonomous Shared Bike Fleet Deployment Simulator .................................................................................................................
Measuring Urban Innovation .....................................................................................................................................................................
Mobility on Demand Systems ....................................................................................................................................................................
Persuasive Cities .......................................................................................................................................................................................
Persuasive Electric Vehicle .......................................................................................................................................................................
Persuasive Urban Mobility .........................................................................................................................................................................
ViewCube ..................................................................................................................................................................................................

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Andy Lippman: Viral Communications ......................................................................................................................................................... 24

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8K Time into Space ...................................................................................................................................................................................

As You Need It ..........................................................................................................................................................................................
Captions++ ................................................................................................................................................................................................
DbDb .........................................................................................................................................................................................................
GIFGIF .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
IoT Recorder ..............................................................................................................................................................................................
MedRec .....................................................................................................................................................................................................
NewsClouds ..............................................................................................................................................................................................
PubPub ......................................................................................................................................................................................................
Solar Micro-Mining ....................................................................................................................................................................................
Super Cut Notes ........................................................................................................................................................................................
SuperGlue .................................................................................................................................................................................................
This Is How ................................................................................................................................................................................................
VR Codes ..................................................................................................................................................................................................
Wall of Now ...............................................................................................................................................................................................
Watch People Watch .................................................................................................................................................................................

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Tod Machover: Opera of the Future .............................................................................................................................................................. 27

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Ambisonic Surround-Sound Audio Compression ......................................................................................................................................

Breathing Window .....................................................................................................................................................................................
City Symphonies: Massive Musical Collaboration .....................................................................................................................................
Death and the Powers: Global Interactive Simulcast ................................................................................................................................
Death and the Powers: Redefining Opera .................................................................................................................................................
Empathy and the Future of Experience .....................................................................................................................................................
Fablur ........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Fensadense ...............................................................................................................................................................................................
Hyperinstruments ......................................................................................................................................................................................
Hyperproduction: Advanced Production Systems ....................................................................................................................................
Hyperscore ................................................................................................................................................................................................
Maestro Myth: Exploring the Impact of Conducting Gestures on Musician's Body and Sounding Result .................................................
Media Scores .............................................................................................................................................................................................
Music Visualization via Musical Information Retrieval ...............................................................................................................................
Remote Theatrical Immersion: Extending "Sleep No More" ......................................................................................................................
SIDR: Deep Learning-Based Real-Time Speaker Identification ................................................................................................................
Sound Cycles ............................................................................................................................................................................................
Using the Voice As a Tool for Self-Reflection ............................................................................................................................................
Vocal Vibrations: Expressive Performance for Body-Mind Wellbeing .......................................................................................................

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Pattie Maes: Fluid Interfaces ......................................................................................................................................................................... 30

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Augmented Airbrush ..................................................................................................................................................................................

BrainVR: A Neuroscience Learning Experience in Virtual Reality .............................................................................................................
Enlight ........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Express ......................................................................................................................................................................................................
EyeRing: A Compact, Intelligent Vision System on a Ring ........................................................................................................................
FingerReader .............................................................................................................................................................................................
Food Attack ...............................................................................................................................................................................................
GlassProv Improv Comedy System ...........................................................................................................................................................
HandsOn: A Gestural System for Remote Collaboration Using Augmented Reality .................................................................................
HRQR ........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Invisibilia: Revealing Invisible Data as a Tool for Experiential Learning ..................................................................................................
JaJan!: Remote Language Learning in Shared Virtual Space ...................................................................................................................
KickSoul: A Wearable System for Foot Interactions with Digital Devices ..................................................................................................
LuminAR ....................................................................................................................................................................................................
MARS: Manufacturing Augmented Reality System ...................................................................................................................................
Move Your Glass .......................................................................................................................................................................................
Open Hybrid ..............................................................................................................................................................................................
PsychicVR .................................................................................................................................................................................................
Reality Editor .............................................................................................................................................................................................
Remot-IO: A System for Reaching into the Environment of a Remote Collaborator .................................................................................
Scanner Grabber .......................................................................................................................................................................................
ScreenSpire ...............................................................................................................................................................................................
ShowMe: Immersive Remote Collaboration System with 3D Hand Gestures ...........................................................................................
Skrin ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
SmileCatcher .............................................................................................................................................................................................
STEM Accessibility Tool ............................................................................................................................................................................
TagMe .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
The Challenge ...........................................................................................................................................................................................
WATCH .....................................................................................................................................................................................................

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Neri Oxman: Mediated Matter ........................................................................................................................................................................ 35

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3D Printing of Functionally Graded Materials ...........................................................................................................................................

Additive Manufacturing in Glass: Electrosintering and Spark Gap Glass ..................................................................................................
Anthozoa ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
Beast .........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Bots of Babel .............................................................................................................................................................................................
Building-Scale 3D Printing .........................................................................................................................................................................
Carpal Skin ................................................................................................................................................................................................
CNSILK: Computer Numerically Controlled Silk Cocoon Construction ....................................................................................................
Digitally Reconfigurable Surface ...............................................................................................................................................................
FABRICOLOGY: Variable-Property 3D Printing as a Case for Sustainable Fabrication ...........................................................................
FitSocket: Measurement for Attaching Objects to People .........................................................................................................................
Functionally Graded Filament-Wound Carbon-Fiber Prosthetic Sockets ..................................................................................................
G3P ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................
G3P 2.0 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................
Gemini .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
Lichtenberg 3D Printing .............................................................................................................................................................................
Living Mushtari ..........................................................................................................................................................................................
Meta-Mesh: Computational Model for Design and Fabrication of Biomimetic Scaled Body Armors .........................................................
Micro-Macro Fluidic Fabrication of a Mid-Sole Running Shoe ..................................................................................................................
Mobile Digital Construction Platform (MDCP) ...........................................................................................................................................
Monocoque ................................................................................................................................................................................................
PCB Origami ..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Printing Living Materials ............................................................................................................................................................................
Printing Multi-Material 3D Microfluidics .....................................................................................................................................................
Rapid Craft ................................................................................................................................................................................................
Raycounting ...............................................................................................................................................................................................
Silk Pavilion ...............................................................................................................................................................................................
SpiderBot ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
Synthetic Apiary .........................................................................................................................................................................................
Water-Based Additive Manufacturing ........................................................................................................................................................

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Sputniko!: Design Fiction .............................................................................................................................................................................. 41

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(Im)possible Baby ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 41

CremateBot: Transform, Reborn, Free ..................................................................................................................................................... 41
Digital Pregnancy Through Domestic Objects ........................................................................................................................................... 41
Nostalgic Touch ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
Open Source Estrogen .............................................................................................................................................................................. 41
Pop Roach ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 42
Red Silk of FateTamaki's Crush .............................................................................................................................................................. 42
TrancefloraAmy's Glowing Silk ............................................................................................................................................................... 42

Joseph Paradiso: Responsive Environments .............................................................................................................................................. 42

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Chain API ..................................................................................................................................................................................................

Circuit Stickers ...........................................................................................................................................................................................
Circuit Stickers Activity Book .....................................................................................................................................................................
Circuit Storybook .......................................................................................................................................................................................
DoppelLab: Experiencing Multimodal Sensor Data ...................................................................................................................................
Experiential Lighting: New User-Interfaces for Lighting Control ................................................................................................................
FingerSynth: Wearable Transducers for Exploring the Environment through Sound ................................................................................
Hacking the Sketchbook ............................................................................................................................................................................
Halo: Wearable Lighting ............................................................................................................................................................................
HearThere: Ubiquitous Sonic Overlay .......................................................................................................................................................
KickSoul: A Wearable System for Foot Interactions with Digital Devices ..................................................................................................
ListenTree: Audio-Haptic Display in the Natural Environment ...................................................................................................................
Living Observatory: Sensor Networks for Documenting and Experiencing Ecology .................................................................................
Low-Power Gesture Input with Wrist-Worn Pressure Sensors ..................................................................................................................
MedRec .....................................................................................................................................................................................................
Mindful Photons: Context-Aware Lighting .................................................................................................................................................
NailO ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Prosthetic Sensor Networks: Factoring Attention, Proprioception, and Sensory Coding ..........................................................................
Quantizer: Sonification Platform for High-Energy Physics Data ...............................................................................................................
SensorChimes: Musical Mapping for Sensor Networks ............................................................................................................................
SensorTape: Modular and Programmable 3D-Aware Dense Sensor Network on a Tape ........................................................................
Skrin ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Tid'Zam ......................................................................................................................................................................................................

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Alex 'Sandy' Pentland: Human Dynamics .................................................................................................................................................... 46

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bandicoot: A Python Toolbox for Mobile Phone Metadata ........................................................................................................................

Data-Pop Alliance ......................................................................................................................................................................................
DeepShop: Understanding Purchase Patterns via Deep Learning ...........................................................................................................
Enigma ......................................................................................................................................................................................................
Incentivizing Cooperation Using Social Pressure .....................................................................................................................................
Leveraging Leadership Expertise More Effectively in Organizations ........................................................................................................
Location Recommendations Based on Large-Scale Call Detail Records ..................................................................................................
Mobile Territorial Lab .................................................................................................................................................................................
On the Reidentifiability of Credit Card Metadata .......................................................................................................................................
openPDS/ SaferAnswers: Protecting the Privacy of Metadata ..................................................................................................................
Prediction Markets: Leveraging Internal Knowledge to Beat Industry Prediction Experts .........................................................................
Recurrent Neural Network in Context-Free Next-Location Prediction .......................................................................................................
Sensible Organizations ..............................................................................................................................................................................
Social Bridges in Community Purchase Behavior .....................................................................................................................................
The Privacy Bounds of Human Mobility .....................................................................................................................................................

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Rosalind W. Picard: Affective Computing .................................................................................................................................................... 49

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"Kind and Grateful": Promoting Kindness and Gratitude with Pervasive Technology ...............................................................................
Affective Response to Haptic signals ........................................................................................................................................................
An EEG and Motion-Capture Based Expressive Music Interface for Affective Neurofeedback ................................................................
Automated Tongue Analysis ......................................................................................................................................................................
Automatic Stress Recognition in Real-Life Settings ..................................................................................................................................
Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Epilepsy .......................................................................................................................................
BrightBeat: An On-Screen Intervention for Regulating Breathing .............................................................................................................
Building the Just-Right-Challenge in Games and Toys ............................................................................................................................
EDA Explorer .............................................................................................................................................................................................
Fathom: Probabilistic Graphical Models to Help Mental Health Counselors .............................................................................................
FEEL: A Cloud System for Frequent Event and Biophysiological Signal Labeling ....................................................................................
IDA: Inexpensive Networked Digital Stethoscope .....................................................................................................................................
Large-Scale Pulse Analysis .......................................................................................................................................................................
Lensing: Cardiolinguistics for Atypical Angina ...........................................................................................................................................

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Mapping the Stress of Medical Visits ........................................................................................................................................................

Measuring Arousal During Therapy for Children with Autism and ADHD ..................................................................................................
Mobile Health Interventions for Drug Addiction and PTSD ........................................................................................................................
Modulating Peripheral and Cortical Arousal Using a Musical Motor Response Task ................................................................................
Objective Asessment of Depression and Its Improvement ........................................................................................................................
Panoply ......................................................................................................................................................................................................
Predicting Students' Wellbeing from Physiology, Phone, Mobility, and Behavioral Data ..........................................................................
Real-Time Assessment of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors ....................................................................................................................
SNAPSHOT Expose ..................................................................................................................................................................................
SNAPSHOT Study .....................................................................................................................................................................................
StoryScape ................................................................................................................................................................................................
The Challenge ...........................................................................................................................................................................................
The enTRAIN Study ..................................................................................................................................................................................
Tributary ....................................................................................................................................................................................................
Unlocking Sleep .........................................................................................................................................................................................
Valinor: Mathematical Models to Understand and Predict Self-Harm .......................................................................................................
Wavelet-Based Motion Artifact Removal for Electrodermal Activity ..........................................................................................................

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Iyad Rahwan: Scalable Cooperation ............................................................................................................................................................. 54

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Cognitive Limits of Social Networks ..........................................................................................................................................................

Crowdsourcing a Manhunt .........................................................................................................................................................................
Crowdsourcing Under Attack .....................................................................................................................................................................
Ethics of Autonomous Machines ...............................................................................................................................................................
Honest Crowds ..........................................................................................................................................................................................
Human-Machine Cooperation ....................................................................................................................................................................
Promoting Cooperation through Peer Pressure ........................................................................................................................................

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Ramesh Raskar: Camera Culture .................................................................................................................................................................. 55

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6D Display .................................................................................................................................................................................................
A Switchable Light-Field Camera ..............................................................................................................................................................
AnEye: Extending the Reach of Anterior Segment Ophthalmic Imaging ...................................................................................................
Beyond the Self-Driving Car .....................................................................................................................................................................
Blind and Reference-Free Fluorescence Lifetime Estimation via Consumer Time-of-Flight Sensors .......................................................
Bokode: Imperceptible Visual Tags for Camera-Based Interaction from a Distance .................................................................................
CATRA: Mapping of Cataract Opacities Through an Interactive Approach ...............................................................................................
Coded Computational Photography ..........................................................................................................................................................
Coded Focal Stack Photography ...............................................................................................................................................................
Compressive Light-Field Camera: Next Generation in 3D Photography ...................................................................................................
Eyeglasses-Free Displays .........................................................................................................................................................................
Health-Tech Innovations with Tata Trusts, Mumbai ..................................................................................................................................
Hyderabad Eye Health Collaboration with LVP .........................................................................................................................................
Imaging Behind Diffusive Layers ...............................................................................................................................................................
Imaging through Scattering Media Using Femtophotography ...................................................................................................................
Inverse Problems in Time-of-Flight Imaging ..............................................................................................................................................
Layered 3D: Glasses-Free 3D Printing ......................................................................................................................................................
LensChat: Sharing Photos with Strangers .................................................................................................................................................
Looking Around Corners ............................................................................................................................................................................
Nashik Smart Citizen Collaboration with TCS ...........................................................................................................................................
NETRA: Smartphone Add-On for Eye Tests .............................................................................................................................................
New Methods in Time-of-Flight Imaging ....................................................................................................................................................
Optical Brush: Enabling Deformable Imaging Interfaces ...........................................................................................................................
PhotoCloud: Personal to Shared Moments with Angled Graphs of Pictures .............................................................................................
Polarization Fields: Glasses-Free 3DTV ...................................................................................................................................................
Portable Retinal Imaging ...........................................................................................................................................................................
Reflectance Acquisition Using Ultrafast Imaging .......................................................................................................................................
Second Skin: Motion Capture with Actuated Feedback for Motor Learning ..............................................................................................
Shield Field Imaging ..................................................................................................................................................................................
Single Lens Off-Chip Cellphone Microscopy .............................................................................................................................................
Single-Photon Sensitive Ultrafast Imaging ................................................................................................................................................
Skin Perfusion Photography ......................................................................................................................................................................
Slow Display ..............................................................................................................................................................................................
SpeckleSense ............................................................................................................................................................................................
SpecTrans: Classification of Transparent Materials and Interactions .......................................................................................................
StreetScore ................................................................................................................................................................................................
Tensor Displays: High-Quality Glasses-Free 3D TV .................................................................................................................................
The Next 30 Years of VR ..........................................................................................................................................................................
Theory Unifying Ray and Wavefront Lightfield Propagation ......................................................................................................................
Time-of-Flight Microwave Camera ............................................................................................................................................................
Towards In-Vivo Biopsy .............................................................................................................................................................................
Trillion Frames Per Second Camera .........................................................................................................................................................

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Ultrasound Tomography ............................................................................................................................................................................ 62

Unbounded High Dynamic Range Photography Using a Modulo Camera ................................................................................................ 62
VisionBlocks .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 62

Mitchel Resnick: Lifelong Kindergarten ....................................................................................................................................................... 62

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A-pops .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
App Inventor ..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Build in Progress .......................................................................................................................................................................................
Clubhouse Village ......................................................................................................................................................................................
Computer Clubhouse .................................................................................................................................................................................
Duct Tape Network ....................................................................................................................................................................................
Family Creative Learning ...........................................................................................................................................................................
Learning Creative Learning .......................................................................................................................................................................
Learning with Data .....................................................................................................................................................................................
Lemann Creative Learning Program .........................................................................................................................................................
Making Learning Work ...............................................................................................................................................................................
Media Lab Digital Certificates ....................................................................................................................................................................
Media Lab Virtual Visit ...............................................................................................................................................................................
ML Open ....................................................................................................................................................................................................
Para ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Peer 2 Peer University ...............................................................................................................................................................................
Read Out Loud ..........................................................................................................................................................................................
Scratch ......................................................................................................................................................................................................
Scratch Data Blocks ..................................................................................................................................................................................
Scratch Day ...............................................................................................................................................................................................
Scratch Extensions ....................................................................................................................................................................................
ScratchJr ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
Spin ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Start Making! .............................................................................................................................................................................................
Unhangout .................................................................................................................................................................................................

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Deb Roy: Social Machines ............................................................................................................................................................................. 66

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AINA: Aerial Imaging and Network Analysis ..............................................................................................................................................

Human Atlas ..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Journalism Mapping and Analytics Project (JMAP) ...................................................................................................................................
Playful Words ............................................................................................................................................................................................
Responsive Communities: Pilot Project in Jun, Spain ...............................................................................................................................
Rumor Gauge: Automatic Detection and Verification of Rumors in Twitter ...............................................................................................
The Electome: Measuring Responsiveness in the 2016 Election ..............................................................................................................
The Foodome: Building a Comprehensive Knowledge Graph of Food .....................................................................................................
Visible Communities ..................................................................................................................................................................................

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Chris Schmandt: Living Mobile ..................................................................................................................................................................... 68

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Activ8 .........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Amphibian: Terrestrial SCUBA Diving Simulator Using Virtual Reality .....................................................................................................
Meta-Physical-Space VR ...........................................................................................................................................................................
NailO ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
OnTheGo ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
SensorTape: Modular and Programmable 3D-Aware Dense Sensor Network on a Tape ........................................................................
Spotz .........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Tattio ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Variable Reality: Interaction with the Virtual Book .....................................................................................................................................

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Kevin Slavin: Playful Systems ....................................................................................................................................................................... 70

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Tools for Super-Human Time Perception .................................................................................................................................................

20 Day Stranger ........................................................................................................................................................................................
32,768 Times Per Second ........................................................................................................................................................................
Amino: A Tamagotchi for Synthetic Biology ..............................................................................................................................................
AutomaTiles ...............................................................................................................................................................................................
beneath the chip ........................................................................................................................................................................................
Case and Molly .........................................................................................................................................................................................
Cognitive Integration: The Nature of the Mind ...........................................................................................................................................
Cordon Sanitaire ........................................................................................................................................................................................
Darkball .....................................................................................................................................................................................................
DeepView: Computational Tools for Chess Spectatorship ........................................................................................................................
Designing Immersive Multi-Sensory Eating Experiences ..........................................................................................................................
Dice++ .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
For Once In Your Life... .............................................................................................................................................................................

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GAMR ........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Hello, Operator! .........................................................................................................................................................................................
Homeostasis ..............................................................................................................................................................................................
MicroPsi: An Architecture for Motivated Cognition ....................................................................................................................................
radiO_o ......................................................................................................................................................................................................
Sneak: A Hybrid Digital-Physical Tabletop Game .....................................................................................................................................
Soft Exchange: Interaction Design with Biological Interfaces ....................................................................................................................
Storyboards ...............................................................................................................................................................................................
Troxes ........................................................................................................................................................................................................

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Ethan Zuckerman: Civic Media ...................................................................................................................................................................... 73

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"Make the Breast Pump Not Suck!" Hackathon .........................................................................................................................................

Action Path ................................................................................................................................................................................................
Civic Crowdfunding Research Project .......................................................................................................................................................
Code4Rights ..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Codesign Toolkit ........................................................................................................................................................................................
Data Therapy .............................................................................................................................................................................................
DataBasic ..................................................................................................................................................................................................
DeepStream ..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Digital Humanitarian Marketplace ..............................................................................................................................................................
Erase the Border .......................................................................................................................................................................................
First Upload ...............................................................................................................................................................................................
FOLD .........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Framework for Consent Policies ................................................................................................................................................................
Global Brands ............................................................................................................................................................................................
Going Dark: Collective Action in the reddit Blackout .................................................................................................................................
Mapping the Globe ....................................................................................................................................................................................
Media Cloud ..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Media Cloud Brazil ....................................................................................................................................................................................
Media Meter ...............................................................................................................................................................................................
Media Meter Focus ....................................................................................................................................................................................
Media Perspective .....................................................................................................................................................................................
Mixed-Mode Systems in Disaster Response .............................................................................................................................................
MoboWater ................................................................................................................................................................................................
NetStories ..................................................................................................................................................................................................
NewsPix .....................................................................................................................................................................................................
NGO2.0 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................
Open Gender Tracker ................................................................................................................................................................................
Open Water Project ...................................................................................................................................................................................
Out for Change: Transformative Media Organizing Project .......................................................................................................................
PageOneX .................................................................................................................................................................................................
Peer Appreciation in the Workplace ..........................................................................................................................................................
Promise Tracker ........................................................................................................................................................................................
Readersourcing .........................................................................................................................................................................................
Scanner Grabber .......................................................................................................................................................................................
Student Legal Services for Innovation .......................................................................................................................................................
Terra Incognita: 1000 Cities of the World ..................................................................................................................................................
The Babbling Brook ...................................................................................................................................................................................
VoIP Drupal ...............................................................................................................................................................................................
Vojo.co .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
What We Watch .........................................................................................................................................................................................
ZL Vortice ..................................................................................................................................................................................................

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V. Michael Bove Jr.: Object-Based Media

Changing storytelling, communication, and everyday life through sensing, understanding,
and new interface technologies.

1.

3D Telepresence Chair

Daniel Novy
An autostereoscopic (no glasses) 3D display engine is combined with a "Pepper's Ghost" setup to
create an office chair that appears to contain a remote meeting participant. The system geometry
is also suitable for other applications, such as tabletop or automotive heads-up displays.

2.

4K/8K Comics

V. Michael Bove and Daniel Novy

4K/8K Comics applies the affordances of ultra-high-resolution screens to traditional print media
such as comic books, graphic novels, and other sequential art forms. The comic panel becomes
the entry point to the corresponding moment in the film adaptation, while scenes from the film
indicate the source frames of the graphic novel. The relationships among comics, films, social
media, parodies, and other support materials can be navigated using native touch screens,
gestures, or novel wireless control devices. Big data techniques are used to sift, store, and explore
vast catalogs of long-running titles, enabling sharing and remixing among friends, fans, and
collectors.

3.

4.

5.

8K Time Machine

Yukiko Oshio (NHK), V. Michael Bove, and Hisayuki Ohmata (NHK)

NEW LISTING

An 8K multitouch screen becomes an immersive "time machine," enabling exploring TV news,

entertainment, and popular music over six decades.

Aerial Light-Field
Display

V. Michael Bove, Daniel Novy and Henry Holtzman (Samsung NExD Lab)

BigBarChart

V. Michael Bove and Laura Perovich

Suitable for anywhere a "Pepper's Ghost" display could be deployed, this display adds 3D with
motion parallax, as well as optically relaying the image into free space such that gestural and
haptic interfaces can be used to interact with it. The current version is able to display a person at
approximately full-size.

BigBarChart is an immersive, 3D bar chart that provides a new physical way for people to interact
with data. It takes data beyond visualizations to map out a new area--data experiences--that are
multisensory, embodied, and aesthetic interactions. BigBarChart is made up of a number of bars
that extend up to 10 feet to create an immersive experience. Bars change height and color in
response to interactions that are direct (a person entering the room), tangible (pushing down on a
bar to get meta information), or digital (controlling bars and performing statistical analyses through
a tablet). BigBarChart helps both scientists and the general public understand information from a
new perspective. Early prototypes are available.

6.

7.

Bottles&Boxes:
Packaging with Sensors

Ermal Dreshaj and Daniel Novy

Calliope

V. Michael Bove Jr., Edwina Portocarrero and Ye Wang

We have added inexpensive, low-power, wireless sensors to product packages to detect user
interactions with products. Thus, a bottle can register when and how often its contents are
dispensed (and generate side effects, like causing a music player to play music when the bottle is
picked up, or generating an automatic refill order when near-emptiness is detected). A box can
understand usage patterns of its contents. Consumers can vote for their favorites among several
alternatives simply by handling them more often.

Calliope is the follow-up to the NeverEnding Drawing Machine. A portable, paper-based platform
for interactive story making, it allows physical editing of shared digital media at a distance. The
system is composed of a network of creation stations that seamlessly blend analog and digital
media. Calliope documents and displays the creative process with no need to interact directly with
a computer. By using human-readable tags and allowing any object to be used as material for
creation, it offers opportunities for cross-cultural and cross-generational collaboration among peers
with expertise in different media.

MIT Media Lab

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8.

Consumer Holo-Video

V. Michael Bove Jr., Bianca Datta, Sundeep Jolly, Nickolaos Savidis and Daniel Smalley
(BYU)
The goal of this project, building upon work begun by Stephen Benton and the Spatial Imaging
group, is to enable consumer devices such as tablets, phones, or glasses to display holographic
video images in real time, suitable for entertainment, engineering, telepresence, or medical
imaging. Our research addresses real-time scene capture and transmission, computational
strategies, display technologies, interaction models, and applications.
Alumni Contributors: James D. Barabas, Ermal Dreshaj, Daniel Smalley and Quinn Y J Smithwick

9.

Dressed in Data

V. Michael Bove and Laura Perovich

This project steps beyond data visualizations to create data experiences. It aims to engage not
only the analytic mind, but also the artistic and emotional self. In this project, chemicals found in
people's bodies and homes are turned into a series of fashions. Quantities, properties, and
sources of chemicals are represented through various parameters of the fashion, such as fabric
color, textures, and sizes. Wearing these outfits allows people to live the data to experience
tangibly the findings from their homes and bodies. This is the first project in a series of works that
seek to create aesthetic data experiences that prompt researchers and laypeople to engage with
information in new ways.

10.

DUSK

V. Michael Bove, Bianca Datta and Ermal Dreshaj

DUSK was created as part of the Media Lab's Advancing Wellbeing initiative (supported by the
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation) to create private, restful spaces for people in the workplace.
DUSK promotes a vision of a new type of "nap pod," where workers are encouraged to use the
structure on a daily basis for regular breaks and meditation. The user is provided with the
much-needed privacy to take a phone call, focus, or rest inside the pod for short periods during the
day. The inside can be silent, or filled by binaural beats audio; pitch black, or illuminated by a
sunlamp; whatever works for users to get the rest and relaxation needed to continue to be healthy
and productive. DUSK is created with a parametric press-fit design, making it scalable and suitable
for fabrication customizable on a per-user basis.

11.

Emotive Materials
NEW LISTING

12.

13.

V. Michael Bove and Bianca Datta

The design process is no longer limited to one group of individuals, as number, level, and cost
make tools ever more accessible. As we move towards tools that allow us to create our own
materials, having a set of rules with which to evaluate, interpret, and design them will become
increasingly important. One way of approaching this problem is by unpacking the ways in which
materials create meaning. This project explores the more emotive aspects of materials, such as
haptic responses to, cognitive evaluation of, and emotive perception of materials to understand
how materials communicate meaning.The development of an effective methodology aims to lower
the barriers of fabrication of engaging objects. By incorporating qualities that were not previously
quantifiable, we aim to encourage a more interactive design process that allows for the production
of experiences tailored to individual preference, and a framework for conversations around
material issues.

EmotiveModeler: An
Emotive Form Design
CAD Tool

V. Michael Bove and Philippa Mothersill

Everything Tells a Story

V. Michael Bove Jr., David Cranor and Edwina Portocarrero

Whether or not we're experts in the design language of objects, we have an unconscious
understanding of the emotional character of their forms. EmotiveModeler integrates knowledge
about our emotive perception of shapes into a CAD tool that uses descriptive adjectives as an
input to aid both expert and novice designers in creating objects that can communicate emotive
character.

Following upon work begun in the Graspables project, we are exploring what happens when a
wide range of everyday consumer products can sense, interpret into human terms (using pattern
recognition methods), and retain memories, such that users can construct a narrative with the aid
of the recollections of the "diaries" of their sporting equipment, luggage, furniture, toys, and other
items with which they interact.

14.

Free-Space Haptic
Feedback for 3D
Displays

V. Michael Bove and Ali Shtarbanov

We are using a simple and low-cost air vortex generator in order to provide feedback on "clickable"
objects displayed on holographic, aerial, and other 3D displays.

NEW LISTING

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April 2016

MIT Media Lab

15.

Guided-Wave Light
Modulator for
Holographic Video

V. Michael Bove Jr., Bianca Datta, Sunny Jolly, Nickolaos Savidis and Daniel Smalley (BYU)
We are developing inexpensive, efficient, high-bandwidth light modulators based on lithium
niobate guided-wave technology. These full-color modulators support hundreds of thousands of
pixels per scan line, making them suitable for fixed or wearable holographic displays.
Alumni Contributors: Daniel Smalley and Quinn Smithwick

16.

Infinity-by-Nine

V. Michael Bove Jr. and Daniel Novy

We are expanding the home-video viewing experience by generating imagery to extend the TV
screen and give the impression that the scene wraps completely around the viewer. Optical flow,
color analysis, and heuristics extrapolate beyond the screen edge, where projectors provide the
viewer's perceptual vision with low-detail dynamic patterns that are perceptually consistent with
the video imagery and increase the sense of immersive presence and participation. We perform
this processing in real time using standard microprocessors and GPUs.

17.

18.

ListenTree:
Audio-Haptic Display in
the Natural
Environment

V. Michael Bove, Joseph A. Paradiso, Gershon Dublon and Edwina Portocarrero

Live Objects

V. Michael Bove, Arata Miyamoto and Valerio Panzica La Manna

ListenTree is an audio-haptic display embedded in the natural environment. Visitors to our

installation notice a faint sound emerging from a tree. By resting their heads against the tree, they
are able to hear sound through bone conduction. To create this effect, an audio exciter transducer
is weatherproofed and attached to the tree's roots, transforming it into a living speaker, channeling
audio through its branches, and providing vibrotactile feedback. In one deployment, we used
ListenTree to display live sound from an outdoor ecological monitoring sensor network, bringing a
faraway wetland into the urban landscape. Our intervention is motivated by a need for forms of
display that fade into the background, inviting attention rather than requiring it. We consume most
digital information through devices that alienate us from our surroundings; ListenTree points to a
future where digital information might become enmeshed in material.

A Live Object is a small device that can stream media content wirelessly to nearby mobile devices
without an Internet connection. Live Objects are associated with real objects in the environment,
such as an art piece in a museum, a statue in a public space, or a product in a store. Users
exploring a space can discover nearby Live Objects and view content associated with them, as
well as leave comments for future visitors. The mobile device retains a record of the media viewed
(and links to additional content), while the objects can retain a record of who viewed them. Future
extensions will look into making the system more social, exploring game applications such as
media scavenger hunts built on top of the platform, and incorporating other types of media such
as live and historical data from sensors associated with the objects.

19.

Narratarium

V. Michael Bove Jr., Fransheska Colon, Catherine Havasi, Katherine (Kasia) Hayden, Daniel
Novy, Jie Qi and Robert H. Speer
Narratarium augments printed and oral stories and creative play by projecting immersive images
and sounds. We are using natural language processing to listen to and understand stories being
told, and analysis tools to recognize activity among sensor-equipped objects such as toys, then
thematically augmenting the environment using video and sound. New work addresses the
creation and representation of audiovisual content for immersive story experiences and the
association of such content with viewer context.

20.

21.

Networked Playscapes:
Dig Deep

V. Michael Bove and Edwina Portocarrero

Pillow-Talk

V. Michael Bove Jr., Edwina Portocarrero and David Cranor

Networked Playscapes re-imagine outdoor play by merging the flexibility and fantastical of the
digital world with the tangible, sensorial properties of physical play to create hybrid interactions for
the urban environment. Dig Deep takes the classic sandbox found in children's playgrounds and
merges it with the common fantasy of "digging your way to the other side of the world" to create a
networked interaction in tune with child cosmogony.

Pillow-Talk is the first of a series of objects designed to aid creative endeavors through the
unobtrusive acquisition of unconscious, self-generated content to permit reflexive self-knowledge.
Composed of a seamless recording device embedded in a pillow, and a playback and visualization
system in a jar, Pillow-Talk crystallizes that which we normally forget. This allows users to capture
their dreams in a less mediated way, aiding recollection by priming the experience and providing
no distraction for recall and capture through embodied interaction.

MIT Media Lab

April 2016

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22.

Printed Wearable
Holographic Display
NEW LISTING

23.

24.

V. Michael Bove, Bianca Datta, Sunny Jolly, Nickolaos Savidis and Daniel Smalley (BYU)
Holographic displays offer many advantages, including comfort and maximum realism. In this
project we adapt our guided-wave light-modulator technology to see-through lenses to create a
wearable 3D display suitable for augmented or virtual reality applications. As part of this work we
also are developing a femtosecond-laser-based process that can fabricate the entire device by
"printing."

Programmable
Synthetic
Hallucinations

V. Michael Bove and Daniel Novy

ShAir: A Platform for

Mobile Content Sharing

Yosuke Bando, Daniel Dubois, Konosuke Watanabe, Arata Miyamoto, Henry Holtzman, and
V. Michael Bove

We are creating consumer-grade appliances and authoring methodologies that will allow
hallucinatory phenomena to be programmed and utilized for information display and narrative
storytelling.

ShAir is a platform for instantly and easily creating local content-shareable spaces without
requiring an Internet connection or location information. ShAir-enabled devices can
opportunistically communicate with other mobile devices and optional pervasive storage devices
such as WiFi SD cards whenever they enter radio range of one another. Digital content can hop
through devices in the background without user intervention. Applications that can be built on top
of the platform include ad-hoc photo/video/music sharing and distribution, opportunistic social
networking and games, digital business card exchange during meetings and conferences, and
local news article-sharing on trains and buses.

25.

Slam Force Net

V. Michael Bove Jr., Santiago Alfaro and Daniel Novy

A basketball net incorporates segments of conductive fiber whose resistance changes with degree
of stretch. By measuring this resistance over time, hardware associated with this net can calculate
force and speed of a basketball traveling through the net. Applications include training, toys that
indicate the force and speed on a display, dunk competitions, and augmented-reality effects on
television broadcasts. This net is far less expensive and more robust than other approaches to
measuring data about the ball (e.g., photosensors or ultrasonic sensors) and the only physical
change required for the hoop or backboard is electrical connections to the net. Another application
of the material is a flat net that can measure velocity of a ball hit or pitched into it (as in baseball or
tennis); it can measure position as well (e.g., for determining whether a practice baseball pitch
would have been a strike).

26.

Smell Narratives

Carol Rozendo and V. Michael Bove

We are adding an olfactory dimension to storytelling in order to create more immersive and
evocative experiences. Smell Narratives allows the authoring of a "smell track," involving individual
or proportionally mixed fragrance components.
Alumni Contributor: Santiago Eloy Alfaro

27.

SurroundVision

V. Michael Bove Jr. and Santiago Alfaro

Adding augmented reality to the living-room TV, we are exploring the technical and creative
implications of using a mobile phone or tablet (and possibly also dedicated devices like toys) as a
controllable "second screen" for enhancing television viewing. Thus, a viewer could use the phone
to look beyond the edges of the television to see the audience for a studio-based program, to pan
around a sporting event, to take snapshots for a scavenger hunt, or to simulate binoculars to zoom
in on a part of the scene. Recent developments include the creation of a mobile device app for
Apple products and user studies involving several genres of broadcast television programming.

28.

Page 4

Thermal Fishing Bob:

In-Place Environmental
Data Visualization

V. Michael Bove, Laura Perovich, Don Blair and Sara Wiley (Northeastern University)
Two of the most important traits of environmental hazards today are their invisibility and the fact
that they are experienced by communities, not just individuals. Yet we don't have a good way to
make hazards like chemical pollution visible and intuitive. The thermal fishing bob seeks to
visceralize rather than simply visualize data by creating a data experience that makes water
pollution data present. The bob measures water temperature and displays that data by changing
color in real time. Data is also logged to be physically displayed elsewhere and can be further
recorded using long-exposure photos. Making environmental data experiential and interactive will
help both communities and researchers better understand pollution and its implications.

April 2016

MIT Media Lab

Ed Boyden: Synthetic Neurobiology

Revealing insights into the human condition and repairing brain disorders via novel tools
for mapping and fixing brain computations.

29.

Cognitive Integration:
The Nature of the Mind
NEW LISTING

30.

31.

32.

Joscha Bach and Adam Marblestone

While we have learned much about human behavior and neurobiology, there is arguably no field
that studies the mind itself. We want to overcome the fragmentation of the cognitive sciences. We
aim to create models and concepts that bridge between methodologies, and can support
theory-driven research. Among the most interesting questions: How do our minds construct the
dynamic simulation environment that we subjectively inhabit, and how can this be realized in a
neural substrate? How can neuronal representations be compositional? What determines the
experiential qualities of cognitive processes? What makes us human?

Optogenetics and
Synthetic Biology Tools

Or Shemesh, Demian Park, Aimei Yang, Kate Adamala, Daniel Martin-Alarcon

Prototype Strategies for

Treating Brain
Disorders

Nikita Pak, Christian Wentz, Yongxin Zhao, Joel Dapello, Nir Grossman

Tools for Mapping the

Molecular Structure of
the Brain

Shahar Alon, Shoh Asano, Jae-Byum Chang, Fei Chen, Amauche Emenari, Linyi Gao, Rui
Gao, Dan Goodwin, Grace Huynh, Louis Kang, Manos Karagiannis, Adam Marblestone,
Andrew Payne, Paul Reginato, Sam Rodriques, Deblina Sarkar, Paul Tillberg, Ru Wang, Oz
Wassi

We have pioneered the development of fully genetically encoded reagents that, when targeted to
specific cells, enable their physiology to be controlled via light, as well as other specific
manipulations of cellular biological processes. Optogenetic tools enable temporally precise control
of neural electrical activity, cellular signaling, and other high-speed physiological processes using
light. Other tools we are developing enable the control and monitoring of protein translation and
other key cell biological processes. Such tools are being explored throughout neuroscience and
bioengineering, for the study and repair of brain circuits. Derived from the natural world, these
tools highlight the power of ecological diversity, in yielding technologies for analyzing biological
complexity and addressing human health. We distribute these tools as freely as possible.

New technologies for recording neural activity, controlling neural activity, or building brain circuits,
may be capable some day of serving in therapeutic roles for improving the health of human
patients: enabling the restoration of lost senses, the control of aberrant or pathological neural
dynamics, and the augmentation of neural circuit computation, through prosthetic means. High
throughput molecular and physiological analysis methods may also open up new diagnostic
possibilities. We are assessing, often in collaborations with other groups, the translational
possibilities opened up by our technologies, exploring the safety and efficacy of our technologies
in multiple animal models, in order to discover potential applications of our tools to various
clinically relevant scenarios. New kinds of "brain co-processor" may be possible which can work
efficaciously with the brain to augment its computational abilities, e.g., in the context of cognitive,
emotional, sensory, or motor disability.

Brain circuits are large, 3D structures. However, the building blocks -- proteins, signaling
complexes, synapses--are organized with nanoscale precision. This presents a fundamental
tension in neuroscience: to understand a neural circuit, you might need to map a large diversity of
nanoscale building blocks, across an extended spatial expanse. We are developing a new suite of
tools that enable mapping of the location and identity of the molecular building blocks of the brain,
so that comprehensive taxonomies of cells, circuits, and computations might someday become
possible, even in entire brains. One of the technologies we are developing enables large, 3D
objects to be imaged with nanoscale precision, by physically expanding the sample -- a tool we
call expansion microscopy (ExM). We are working to improve expansion microscopy further, and
are developing, often in interdisciplinary collaborations, a suite of new labeling and analysis
techniques to enable multiplexed readout.

33.

Tools for Recording

High-Speed Brain
Dynamics

Jake Bernstein, Limor Freifeld, Ishan Gupta, Mike Henninger, Erica Jung, Changyang
Linghu, Caroline Moore-Kochlacs, Kiryl Piatkevich, Nick Savidis, Jorg Scholvin, Guangyu
Xu, Young Gyu Yoon, Kettner Griswold, Justin Kinney
The brain is a three-dimensional, densely wired circuit that computes via large sets of widely
distributed neurons interacting at fast timescales. Ideally it would be possible to observe the
activity of many neurons with as great a degree of precision as possible, so as to understand the
neural codes and dynamics that are produced by the circuits of the brain. Our lab and our

MIT Media Lab

April 2016

Page 5

collaborators are developing a number of innovations to enable such analyses. These tools will
hopefully enable pictures of how neurons work together to implement brain computations, and how
these computations go awry in brain disorders. Such neural observation strategies may also serve
as detailed biomarkers of brain disorders or indicators of potential drug side effects. These
technologies may, in conjunction with optogenetics, enable closed-loop neural control
technologies, which can introduce information into the brain as a function of brain state ("brain
co-processors").

34.

Understanding Normal
and Pathological Brain
Computations

Brian Allen, David Rolnick, Annabelle Singer, Harbi Sohal, Ho-Jun Suk, Giovanni Talei
Franzesi, Yosuke (Bandy) Bando, Nick Barry
We are providing our tools to the community, and also using them within our lab, to analyze how
specific brain mechanisms (molecular, cellular, circuit-level) give rise to behaviors and pathological
states. These studies may yield fundamental insights into how best to go about treating brain
disorders.

Cynthia Breazeal: Personal Robots

Building socially engaging robots and interactive technologies to help people live healthier
lives, connect with others, and learn better.

35.

36.

37.

AIDA: Affective
Intelligent Driving
Agent

Cynthia Breazeal and Kenton Williams

Animal-Robot
Interaction

Brad Knox, Patrick Mccabe and Cynthia Breazeal

Cloud-HRI

Cynthia Breazeal, Nicholas DePalma, Adam Setapen and Sonia Chernova

Drivers spend a significant amount of time multi-tasking while they are behind the wheel. These
dangerous behaviors, particularly texting while driving, can lead to distractions and ultimately to
accidents. Many in-car interfaces designed to address this issue still neither take a proactive role
to assist the driver nor leverage aspects of the driver's daily life to make the driving experience
more seamless. In collaboration with Volkswagen/Audi and the SENSEable City Lab, we are
developing AIDA (Affective Intelligent Driving Agent), a robotic driver-vehicle interface that acts as
a sociable partner. AIDA elicits facial expressions and strong non-verbal cues for engaging social
interaction with the driver. AIDA also leverages the driver's mobile device as its face, which
promotes safety, offers proactive driver support, and fosters deeper personalization to the driver.

Like people, dogs and cats live among technologies that affect their lives. Yet little of this
technology has been designed with pets in mind. We are developing systems that interact
intelligently with animals to entertain, exercise, and empower them. Currently, we are developing a
laser-chasing game, in which dogs or cats are tracked by a ceiling-mounted webcam, and a
computer-controlled laser moves with knowledge of the pet's position and movement. Machine
learning will be applied to optimize the specific laser strategy. We envision enabling owners to
initiate and view the interaction remotely through a web interface, providing stimulation and
exercise to pets when the owners are at work or otherwise cannot be present.

Imagine opening your eyes and being awake for only half an hour at a time. This is the life that
robots traditionally live. This is due to a number of factors, such as battery life and wear on
prototype joints. Roboticists have typically muddled though this challenge by crafting handmade
perception and planning models of the world, or by using machine learning with synthetic and
real-world data, but cloud-based robotics aims to marry large distributed systems with machine
learning techniques to understand how to build robots that interpret the world in a richer way. This
movement aims to build large-scale machine learning algorithms that use experiences from large
groups of people, whether sourced from a large number of tabletop robots or a large number of
experiences with virtual agents. Large-scale robotics aims to change embodied AI as it changed
non-embodied AI.

38.

Collaborative Robot
Storyteller
NEW LISTING

Page 6

Cynthia Breazeal, Hae Won Park, Jacqueline M Kory, Mirko Gelsomini, Goren Gordon (Tel
Aviv), Stephanie Gottwald(Tufts), and Susan Engel(Williams College)
Can robots collaboratively exchange stories with children and improve their language and
storytelling skills? With our latest Tega robot platform, we aim to develop a deep personalization
algorithm based on a long-term interaction with an individual user. Through robot interaction, we
collect a corpus of each child's linguistics, narrative, and concept skill information, and develop
robot's AI that can generate stories and behaviors personalized to each child's growth level and
engagement factors, including affective states.

April 2016

MIT Media Lab

39.

40.

DragonBot: Android
Phone Robots for
Long-Term HRI

Adam Setapen, Natalie Freed, and Cynthia Breazeal

Global Literacy Tablets

Cynthia Breazeal, David Nunez, Tinsley Galyean, Maryanne Wolf (Tufts), and Robin Morris
(GSU)

DragonBot is a new platform built to support long-term interactions between children and robots.
The robot runs entirely on an Android cell phone, which displays an animated virtual face.
Additionally, the phone provides sensory input (camera and microphone) and fully controls the
actuation of the robot (motors and speakers). Most importantly, the phone always has an Internet
connection, so a robot can harness cloud-computing paradigms to learn from the collective
interactions of multiple robots. To support long-term interactions, DragonBot is a "blended-reality"
character: if you remove the phone from the robot, a virtual avatar appears on the screen and the
user can still interact with the virtual character on the go. Costing less than $1,000, DragonBot was
specifically designed to be a low-cost platform that can support longitudinal human-robot
interactions "in the wild."

We are developing a system of early literacy apps, games, toys, and robots that will triage how
children are learning, diagnose literacy deficits, and deploy dosages of content to encourage app
play using a mentoring algorithm that recommends an appropriate activity given a child's progress.
Currently, over 200 Android-based tablets have been sent to children around the world; these
devices are instrumented to provide a very detailed picture of how kids are using these
technologies. We are using this big data to discover usage and learning models that will inform
future educational development.

41.

Huggable: A Social
Robot for Pediatric Care

Boston Children's Hospital, Northeastern University, Cynthia Breazeal, Sooyeon Jeong,

Fardad Faridi and Jetta Company
Children and their parents may undergo challenging experiences when admitted for inpatient care
at pediatric hospitals. While most hospitals make efforts to provide socio-emotional support for
patients and their families during care, gaps still exist between human resource supply and
demand. The Huggable project aims to close this gap by creating a social robot able to mitigate
stress, anxiety, and pain in pediatric patients by engaging them in playful interactions. In
collaboration with Boston Children's Hospital and Northeastern University, we are currently
running an experimental study to compare the effects of the Huggable robot to a virtual character
on a screen and a plush teddy bear. We demonstrated preliminarily that children are more eager
to emotionally connect with and be physically activated by a robot than a virtual character,
illustrating the potential of social robots to provide socio-emotional support during inpatient
pediatric care.
Alumni Contributors: Sigurdur Orn Adalgeirsson, Kristopher Bernardo Dos Santos and Walter Dan
Stiehl

42.

Interactive Journaling

Cynthia Breazeal, Sooyeon Jeong and LG Electronics

We are creating a mobile application that adapts traditional expressive writing therapy into the
framework of mobile phone technologies. Instead of writing on paper or on a computer device via
keyboards, mobile phone users will verbally express themselves and their daily experiences to a
virtual agent on their smart phone. The virtual agent will prompt the journaling activity with positive
psychology interventions based on the user's affective state, and continuously learn the user's
preferences during interactions. We hypothesize that users will gain higher psychological
wellbeing through these interactive journaling activities.

43.

44.

Mind-Theoretic
Planning for Robots

Cynthia Breazeal and Sigurdur Orn Adalgeirsson

Robot Learning from

Human-Generated
Rewards

Brad Knox, Robert Radway, Tom Walsh, and Cynthia Breazeal

MIT Media Lab

Mind-Theoretic Planning (MTP) is a technique for robots to plan in social domains. This system
takes into account probability distributions over the initial beliefs and goals of people in the
environment that are relevant to the task, and creates a prediction of how they will rationally act on
their beliefs to achieve their goals. The MTP system then proceeds to create an action plan for the
robot that simultaneously takes advantage of the effects of anticipated actions of others and also
avoids interfering with them.

To serve us well, robots and other agents must understand our needs and how to fulfill them. To
that end, our research develops robots that empower humans by interactively learning from them.
Interactive learning methods enable technically unskilled end-users to designate correct behavior
and communicate their task knowledge to improve a robot's task performance. This research on
interactive learning focuses on algorithms that facilitate teaching by signals of approval and
disapproval from a live human trainer. We operationalize these feedback signals as numeric
rewards within the machine-learning framework of reinforcement learning. In comparison to the
complementary form of teaching by demonstration, this feedback-based teaching may require less

April 2016

Page 7

task expertise and place less cognitive load on the trainer. Envisioned applications include
human-robot collaboration and assistive robotic devices for handicapped users, such as
myolectrically controlled prosthetics.

45.

Robot Mindset and

Curiosity
NEW LISTING

46.

Robotic Language
Learning Companions

Cynthia Breazeal, Hae Won Park and Goren Gordon (Tel Aviv)
A growth mindset and curiosity have significant impact on children's academic and social
achievements. We are developing and evaluating a novel expressive cognitive-affective
architecture that synergistically integrates models of curiosity, understanding of mindsets, and
expressive social behaviors to advance the state-of the-art of robot companions. In doing so, we
aim to contribute major advancements in the design of AI algorithms for artificial curiosity, artificial
mindset, and their verbal and non-verbal expressiveness in a social robot companion for children.
In our longitudinal study, we aim to evaluate the robot companion's ability to sustain engagement
and promote children's curiosity and growth mindset for improved learning outcomes in an
educational play context.
Cynthia Breazeal, Jacqueline Kory Westlund, Sooyeon Jeong, Paul Harris, Dave DeSteno,
and Leah Dickens
Young children learn language not through listening alone, but through active communication with
a social actor. Cultural immersion and context are also key in long-term language development.
We are developing robotic conversational partners and hybrid physical/digital environments for
language learning. For example, the robot Sophie helped young children learn French through a
food-sharing game. The game was situated on a digital tablet embedded in a caf table. Sophie
modeled how to order food and as the child practiced the new vocabulary, the food was delivered
via digital assets onto the table's surface. A teacher or parent can observe and shape the
interaction remotely via a digital tablet interface to adjust the robot's conversation and behavior to
support the learner. More recently, we have been examining how social nonverbal behaviors
impact children's perceptions of the robot as an informant and social companion.
Alumni Contributors: Natalie Anne Freed and Adam Michael Setapen

47.

Robotic Learning
Companions

Cynthia Breazeal, Jacqueline Kory Westlund, and Samuel Spaulding

The language and literacy skills of young children entering school are highly predictive of their
long-term academic success. Children from low-income families are particularly at risk. Parents
often work multiple jobs, giving them less time to talk to and read with their children. Parents might
be illiterate or not speak the language taught in local schools, and they may not have been read to
as children, providing less experience of good co-reading practice to draw upon. We are currently
developing a robotic reading companion for young children, trained by interactive demonstrations
from parents and/or educational experts. We intend for this robot to complement parental
interaction and emulate some of their best practices in co-reading, building language and literacy
through asking comprehension questions, prompting exploration, and simply being emotionally
involved in the child's reading experience.
Alumni Contributors: Brad Knox and David Nunez

48.

49.

SHARE: Understanding
and Manipulating
Attention Using Social
Robots

Cynthia Breazeal and Nick DePalma

Socially Assistive
Robotics: An NSF
Expedition in
Computing

Tufts University, Kasia Hayden (Stanford University) University of Southern California,

Cynthia Breazeal, Edith Ackermann, Goren Gordon, Michal Gordon, Sooyeon Jeong,
Jacqueline Kory, Jin Joo Lee, Luke Plummer, Samuel Spaulding, Willow Garage and Yale
University

SHARE is a robotic cognitive architecture focused on manipulating and understanding the

phenomenon of shared attention during interaction. SHARE incorporates new findings and
research in the understanding of nonverbal referential gesture, visual attention system research,
and interaction science. SHARE's research incorporates new measurement devices, advanced
artificial neural circuits, and a robot that makes its own decisions.

Our mission is to develop the computational techniques that will enable the design,
implementation, and evaluation of "relational" robots, in order to encourage social, emotional, and
cognitive growth in children, including those with social or cognitive deficits. Funding for the project
comes from the NSF Expeditions in Computing program. This expedition has the potential to
substantially impact the effectiveness of education and healthcare, and to enhance the lives of
children and other groups that require specialized support and intervention. In particular, the MIT
effort is focusing on developing second-language learning companions for pre-school aged
children, ultimately for ESL (English as a Second Language).
Alumni Contributors: Catherine Havasi and Brad Knox

Page 8

April 2016

MIT Media Lab

50.

Tega: A New Robot

Platform for Long-Term
Interaction

Cooper Perkins Inc., Fardad Faridi, Cynthia Breazeal, Jin Joo Lee, Luke Plummer, IFRobots
and Stacey Dyer
Tega is a new robot platform for long-term interactions with children. The robot leverages smart
phones to graphically display facial expressions. Smart phones are also used for computational
needs, including behavioral control, sensor processing, and motor control to drive its five degrees
of freedom. To withstand long-term continual use, we have designed an efficient battery-powered
system that can potentially run for up to six hours before needing to be charged. We also designed
for more robust and reliable actuator movements so that the robot can express consistent and
expressive behaviors over long periods of time. Through its small size and furry exterior, the robot
is aesthetically designed for children. We aim to field test the robot's ability to work reliably in
out-of-lab environments and engage young children in educational activities.
Alumni Contributor: Kris Dos Santos

51.

TinkRBook:
Reinventing the
Reading Primer

Cynthia Breazeal, Angela Chang, and David Nunez

TinkRBook is a storytelling system that introduces a new concept of reading, called textual
tinkerability. Textual tinkerability uses storytelling gestures to expose the text-concept relationships
within a scene. Tinkerability prompts readers to become more physically active and expressive as
they explore concepts in reading together. TinkRBooks are interactive storybooks that prompt
interactivity in a subtle way, enhancing communication between parents and children during
shared picture-book reading. TinkRBooks encourage positive reading behaviors in emergent
literacy: parents act out the story to control the words onscreen, demonstrating print referencing
and dialogic questioning techniques. Young children actively explore the abstract relationship
between printed words and their meanings, even before this relationship is properly understood.
By making story elements alterable within a narrative, readers can learn to read by playing with
how word choices impact the storytelling experience. Recently, this research has been applied in
developing countries.
Alumni Contributor: Angela Chang

Kevin Esvelt: Sculpting Evolution

Exploring evolutionary and ecological engineering.

52.

Computer-Assisted
Transgenesis
NEW LISTING

53.

Engineering Microbial
Ecosystems
NEW LISTING

MIT Media Lab

Kevin Esvelt, Erika Alden DeBenedictis, Cody Gilleland and Jianghong Min
This is a new platform to automate experiments in genetic engineering and bring large-scale
moonshot projects within reach. Too often, lab experiments are limited in scale by human fatigue
and the costs associated with manual labor. In particular, the process of delivering genetic
materials via manual microinjection remains a long-standing bottleneck. We are developing a
computer-assisted microinjection platform to streamline the production of transgenic organisms.
Briefly, organisms are immobilized in a gel and microinjections are performed using precision
robotics using computer vision algorithms. This platform demonstrated high-throughput gene
editing in an animal model (C. elegans) for the first time. We will be using this technology to refine
and create safeguards for our gene drive technology.
Kevin Esvelt, Erika Alden DeBenedictis, Jianghong Min and Devora Najjar
We are developing methods of controlling the genetic and cellular composition of microbial
communities in the gut. Stably colonized microbes could be engineered to sense disease, resist
pathogen invasion, and release appropriate therapeutics in situ.

April 2016

Page 9

54.

Preventing Lyme
Disease by Permanently
Immunizing Mice
NEW LISTING

55.

Reducing Suffering in
Laboratory Animals
NEW LISTING

56.

Studying the Evolution

of Gene Drive Systems
NEW LISTING

57.

Understanding
Molecular Evolution
NEW LISTING

Page 10

Kevin Esvelt, Devora Najjar and Joanna Buchthal

Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne infection in North America. People are infected
when bitten by ticks; ticks are typically infected when they bite white-footed mice, the primary
"reservoir" of the disease. We are exploring the possibility of permanently immunizing mouse
populations to block transmission by making and releasing mice that produce protective mouse
antibodies from birth and pass immunity on to their pups. The project has been guided by
representatives in offshore island communities from inception. Communities will choose which
type of antibodies, pick uninhabited islands to serve as field trial sites, select independent
monitors, and ultimately decide whether to volunteer their own islands for the next stage. If
successful, prevention could be expanded to the mainland using local or global gene drive
systems. Whether or not communities decide to proceed, we hope the process will become a
model for responsive science worldwide.
Kevin Esvelt and Devora Najjar
The world uses an estimated 20 million mice in laboratory research experiments each year. These
experiments are monitored and regulated to protect animal welfare whenever possible. However,
analgesics cannot completely eliminate suffering, while many studies cannot use opiates or
anti-inflammatory drugs because they would interfere with the biological process being studied.
The benefits of animal research may outweigh the cost in animal suffering, but it would be better to
perform these experiments without animal suffering. This project seeks to develop strains of mice
that experience far less pain and suffering than current animals but are equally suited to laboratory
and medical research. If successful, widespread adoption of these mice could drastically reduce
animal suffering in laboratories worldwide.
Kevin Esvelt, Cody Gilleland and Jianghong Min
How will gene drive systems evolve once released into the wild? Can they be reliably overwritten
and blocked by immunizing reversal drives? Might they spread into related species? These are
difficult questions because wild populations are so much larger than laboratory colonies, meaning
critical evolutionary events would never be observed in the lab. We seek to develop nematode
worms as a model system to help answer these questions. Nematodes are genetically tractable,
reproduce twice each week, and are readily grown in populations numbering in the billions. This
allows us to study drive systems intended for other organisms in nematodes. Synthetic site
targeting, split drives, and ecological confinement will prevent spread into wild nematodes.
Because nematodes are easy to culture and count using Foldscope microscopes, we intend to
work with educators to enable students, museum-goers, and citizen scientists to participate in
gene drive research.
Kevin Esvelt and Erika Alden DeBenedictis
Humanity has harnessed evolution to sculpt domesticated animals, crops, and molecules, but the
process remains a black box. Which combinations of evolutionary parameters will enable us to
discover the best solutions? We plan to answer this question by performing massively parallel
directed evolution experiments. Our system will use phage-assisted continuous evolution (PACE),
a method of building synthetic ecosystems in which billions of fast-replicating viruses compete to
optimize a molecular function of our choice. We are developing methods of running many
experiments in parallel, each with real-time fitness monitoring and customized evolutionary
conditions such as mutation rate, selection stringency, and evolutionary goal-switching. We will
use these methods to systematically characterize the relationship between evolutionary
parameters and outcomes.

April 2016

MIT Media Lab

Hugh Herr: Biomechatronics

Enhancing human physical capability.

58.

59.

Artificial
Gastrocnemius

Hugh Herr and Ken Endo

Biomimetic Active
Prosthesis for
Above-Knee Amputees

Hugh Herr, Elliott Rouse and Luke Mooney

Human walking neuromechanical models show how each muscle works during normal,
level-ground walking. They are mainly modeled with clutches and linear springs, and are able to
capture dominant normal walking behavior. This suggests to us to use a series-elastic clutch at the
knee joint for below-knee amputees. We have developed the powered ankle prosthesis, which
generates enough force to enable a user to walk "normally." However, amputees still have
problems at the knee joint due to the lack of gastrocnemius, which works as an ankle-knee flexor
and a plantar flexor. We hypothesize that metabolic cost and EMG patterns of an amputee with
our powered ankle and virtual gastrocnemius will dramatically improve.

Using biologically inspired design principles, a biomimetic robotic knee prosthesis is proposed that
uses a clutchable series-elastic actuator. In this design, a clutch is placed in parallel to a combined
motor and spring. This architecture permits the mechanism to provide biomimetic walking
dynamics while requiring minimal electromechanical energy from the prosthesis. The overarching
goal for this project is to design a new generation of robotic knee prostheses capable of generating
significant energy during level-ground walking, that can be stored in a battery and used to power a
robotic ankle prosthesis and other net-positive locomotion modes (e.g., stair ascent).
Alumni Contributor: Ernesto C. Martinez-Villalpando

60.

Control of
Muscle-Actuated
Systems via Electrical
Stimulation

Hugh Herr
Motivated by applications in rehabilitation and robotics, we are developing methodologies to
control muscle-actuated systems via electrical stimulation. As a demonstration of such potential,
we are developing centimeter-scale robotic systems that utilize muscle for actuation and glucose
as a primary source of fuel. This is an interesting control problem because muscles: a) are
mechanical state-dependent actuators; b) exhibit strong nonlinearities; and c) have slow
time-varying properties due to fatigue-recuperation, growth-atrophy, and damage-healing cycles.
We are investigating a variety of adaptive and robust control techniques to enable us to achieve
trajectory tracking, as well as mechanical power-output control under sustained oscillatory
conditions. To implement and test our algorithms, we developed an experimental capability that
allows us to characterize and control muscle in real time, while imposing a wide variety of
dynamical boundary conditions.
Alumni Contributor: Waleed A. Farahat

61.

62.

Dancing Control
System for Bionic Ankle
Prosthesis

Hugh Herr, Bevin Lin, Elliott Rouse, Nathan Villagaray-Carski and Robert Emerson

Effect of a Powered
Ankle on Shock
Absorption and
Interfacial Pressure

Hugh Herr and David Hill

MIT Media Lab

Professional ballroom dancer Adrianne Haslet-Davis lost her natural ability to dance when her left
leg was amputated below the knee following the Boston Marathon bombings in April 2013. Hugh
Herr was introduced to Adrianne while meeting with bombing survivors at Boston's Spaulding
Rehabilitation Hospital. For Professor Herr, this meeting generated a research challenge: build
Adrianne a bionic ankle prosthesis, and restore her ability to dance. The research team for this
project spent some 200 days studying the biomechanics of dancing and designing the bionic
technology based on their investigations. The control system for Adrianne was implemented on a
customized BiOM bionic ankle prosthesis.

Lower-extremity amputees face a series of potentially serious post-operative complications.

Among these are increased risk of further amputations, excessive stress on the unaffected and
residual limbs, and discomfort at the human-prosthesis interface. Currently, conventional, passive
prostheses have made strides towards alleviating the risk of experiencing complications, but we
believe that the limit of "dumb" elastic prostheses has been reached; in order to make further
strides we must integrate "smart" technology in the form of sensors and actuators into lower-limb
prostheses. This project compares the elements of shock absorption and socket pressure between
passive and active ankle-foot prostheses. It is an attempt to quantitatively evaluate the patient's
comfort.

April 2016

Page 11

63.

FitSocket:
Measurement for
Attaching Objects to
People

Arthur Petron, Hugh Herr and Neri Oxman

A better understanding of the biomechanics of human tissue allows for better attachment of
load-bearing objects to people. Think of shoes, ski boots, car seats, orthotics, and more. We are
focusing on prosthetic sockets, the cup-shaped devices that attach an amputated limb to a
lower-limb prosthesis, which currently are made through unscientific, artisanal methods that do not
have repeatable quality and comfort from one individual to the next. The FitSocket project aims to
identify the correlation between leg tissue properties and the design of a comfortable socket. The
FitSocket is a robotic socket measurement device that directly measures tissue properties. With
these data, we can rapid-prototype test sockets and socket molds in order to make rigid, spatially
variable stiffness, and spatially/temporally variable stiffness sockets.
Alumni Contributor: Elizabeth Tsai

64.

65.

FlexSEA: Flexible,
Scalable Electronics
Architecture for
Wearable Robotics
Applications

Hugh Herr and Jean-Francois Duval

Human Walking Model

Predicts Joint
Mechanics,
Electromyography, and
Mechanical Economy

Hugh Herr, Matthew Furtney and Stanford Research Institute

This project aims to enable fast prototyping of a multi-axis and multi-joint active prosthesis by
developing a new modular electronics system. This system provides the required hardware and
software to do precise motion control, data acquisition, and networking. Scalability is achieved
through the use of a fast industrial communication protocol between the modules, and by a
standardization of the peripherals' interfaces: it is possible to add functionalities to the system
simply by plugging in additional cards. Hardware and software encapsulation are used to provide
high-performance, real-time control of the actuators, while keeping the high-level algorithmic
development and prototyping simple, fast, and easy.

We are studying the mechanical behavior of leg muscles and tendons during human walking in
order to motivate the design of power-efficient robotic legs. The Endo-Herr walking model uses
only three actuators (leg muscles) to power locomotion. It uses springs and clutches in place of
other essential tendons and muscles to store energy and transfer energy from one joint to another
during walking. Since mechanical clutches require much less energy than electric motors, this
model can be used to design highly efficient robotic legs and exoskeletons. Current work includes
analysis of the model at variable walking speeds and informing design specifications for a
collaborative "SuperFlex" exosuit project.
Alumni Contributor: Ken Endo

66.

67.

68.

Page 12

Load-Bearing
Exoskeleton for
Augmentation of
Human Running

Hugh Herr, Grant Elliott and Andrew Marecki

Neural Interface
Technology for
Advanced Prosthetic
Limbs

Edward Boyden, Hugh Herr, Ron Riso and Katherine Song

Powered Ankle-Foot
Prosthesis

Hugh Herr

Augmentation of human locomotion has proved an elusive goal. Natural human walking is
extremely efficient, and the complex articulation of the human leg poses significant engineering
difficulties. We present a wearable exoskeleton designed to reduce the metabolic cost of jogging.
The exoskeleton places a stiff fiberglass spring in parallel with the complete leg during stance
phase, then removes it so that the knee may bend during leg swing. The result is a bouncing gait
with reduced reliance on the musculature of the knee and ankle.

Recent advances in artificial limbs have resulted in the provision of powered ankle and knee
function for lower extremity amputees and powered elbow, wrist, and finger joints for upper
extremity prostheses. Researchers still struggle, however, with how to provide prosthesis users
with full volitional and simultaneous control of the powered joints. This project seeks to develop
means to allow amputees to control their powered prostheses by activating the peripheral nerves
present in their residual limb. Such neural control can be more natural than currently used
myoelectric control, since the same functions previously served by particular motor fascicles can
be directed to the corresponding prosthesis actuators for simultaneous joint control, as in normal
limbs. Future plans include the capability to electrically activate the sensory components of
residual limb nerves to provide amputees with tactile feedback and an awareness of joint position
from their prostheses.

The human ankle provides a significant amount of net positive work during the stance period of
walking, especially at moderate to fast walking speeds. Conversely, conventional ankle-foot
prostheses are completely passive during stance, and consequently, cannot provide net positive
work. Clinical studies indicate that transtibial amputees using conventional prostheses experience
many problems during locomotion, including a high gait metabolism, a low gait speed, and gait
asymmetry. Researchers believe the main cause for the observed locomotion is due to the inability
of conventional prostheses to provide net positive work during stance. The objective of this project
is to develop a powered ankle-foot prosthesis that is capable of providing net positive work during

April 2016

MIT Media Lab

the stance period of walking. To this end, we are investigating the mechanical design and control
system architectures for the prosthesis. We are also conducting a clinical evaluation of the
proposed prosthesis on different amputee participants.
Alumni Contributor: Samuel Au

69.

70.

Sensor-Fusions for an
EMG Controlled
Robotic Prosthesis

Matthew Todd Farrell and Hugh Herr

Terrain-Adaptive Lower
Limb Prosthesis

Hugh Herr and Roman Stolyarov

NEW LISTING

71.

72.

73.

Current unmotorized prostheses do not provide adequate energy return during late stance to
improve level-ground locomotion. Robotic prostheses can provide power during late-stance to
improve metabolic economy in an amputee during level-ground walking. This project seeks to
improve the types of terrain a robotic ankle can successfully navigate by using command signals
taken from the intact and residual limbs of an amputee. By combining these command signals with
sensors attached to the robotic ankle, it might be possible to further understand the role of
physiological signals in the terrain adaptation of robotic ankles.

Although there have been great advances in the control of lower extremity prostheses,
transitioning between terrains such as ramps or stairs remains a major challenge for the field. The
mobility of leg amputees is thus limited, impacting their quality of life and independence. This
projects aims to solve this problem by designing, implementing, and integrating a combined
terrain-adaptive and volitional controller for powered lower limb prostheses. The controller will be
able to predict terrain changes using data from both intrinsic sensors and electromyography
(EMG) signals from the user; adapt the ankle position before footfall in a biologically accurate
manner; and provide a torque profile consistent with biological ankle kinetics during stance. The
result will allow amputees to traverse and transition among flat ground, stairs, and slopes of
varying grade with lower energy and pain, greater balance, and without manually changing the
walking mode of their prosthesis.

Tethered Robotic
System for
Understanding Human
Movements

Hugh Herr and Jiun-Yih Kuan

Variable-Impedance
Prosthetic (VIPr) Socket
Design

Hugh Herr, Arthur J Petron, Bryan Ranger and David Sengeh

Volitional Control of a
Powered Ankle-Foot
Prosthesis

Hugh Herr and Oliver Kannape

MIT Media Lab

The goal of this project is to build a powerful system as a scientific tool for bridging the gap in the
literature by determining the dynamic biomechanics of the lower-limb joints and metabolic effects
of physical interventions during natural locomotion. This system is meant for use in applying forces
to the human body and measuring the force, displacement, and other physiological properties
simultaneously, helping investigate controllability and efficacy of mechanical devices physically
interacting with a human subject.

Today, 100 percent of amputees experience some form of prosthetic socket discomfort. This
project involves the design and production of a comfortable, variable impedance prosthetic (VIPr)
socket using digital anatomical data for a transtibial amputee using computer-aided design and
manufacturing (CAD/CAM). The VIPr socket uses multiple materials to achieve compliance,
thereby increasing socket comfort for amputees, while maintaining structural integrity. The
compliant features are seamlessly integrated into the 3D-printed socket to achieve lower interface
peak pressures over bony protuberances and other anatomical points in comparison to a
conventional socket. This lower peak pressure is achieved through a design that uses
anthropomorphic data acquired through surface scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
techniques. A mathematical transformation maps the quantitative measurements of the human
residual limb to the corresponding socket shape and impedance characteristics, spatially.

This project focuses on giving transtibial amputees volitional control over their prostheses by
combining electromyographic (EMG) activity from the amputees' residual limb muscles with
intrinsic controllers on the prosthesis. The aim is to generalize biomimetic behavior of the
prosthesis, making it independent of walking terrains and transitions.

April 2016

Page 13

Cesar Hidalgo: Macro Connections

Transforming data into knowledge.

74.

Collective Memory

Cesar A. Hidalgo, C. Jara-Figueroa, and Amy Yu

Collective memory is formed from the information that our species imbues in both humans and
objects. We encode this information as order within physical systems such as media technologies,
which allows us to transmit and preserve collective memory to our posterity. We use the
biographies of 11,341 memorable people that comprise the Pantheon dataset to study how
changes in the systems used to store information affect the quantity and composition of our
species' collective memory. We find that changes in media technology such as the printing press,
the industrial revolution, the telegraph, and television mark milestones within the evolution of the
composition of our collective memory; composition that is directly affected by the predominant
communication technology of the time. We also find that these milestones mark changes in the
quantity of information from each period that makes up our collective memory.

75.

76.

77.

Data USA

Cesar A. Hidalgo, Datawheel and Deloitte

NEW LISTING

Data USA makes available public data for the entire United States through millions of interactive
visualizations.

Data Visualization: The

Pixel Factory

Cesar A. Hidalgo and Macro Connections group

DIVE

Cesar A. Hidalgo, Kevin Zeng Hu and Gurubaven Mahendran

The rise of computational methods has generated a new natural resource: data. While it's unclear
if big data will open up trillion-dollar markets, it is clear that making sense of data isn't easy, and
that data visualizations are essential to squeeze meaning out of data. But the capacity to create
data visualizations is not widespread; to help develop it we introduce the Pixel Factory, a new
initiative focusing on the creation of data-visualization resources and tools in collaboration with
corporate members. Our goals are to create software resources for development of online
data-visualization platforms that work with any type of data; and to create these resources as a
means to learn. The most valuable outcome of this work will not be the software resources
produced, incredible as these could be, but the generation of people with the capacity to make
these resources.

DIVE is a platform for efficiently generating web-based, interactive visualizations or statistical

analyses of structured data sets. DIVE aims to lower the barrier to understanding data so users
can focus on interpreting results, not technical minutiae.

78.

FOLD

Alexis Hope, Kevin Hu, Joe Goldbeck, Nathalie Huynh, Matthew Carroll, Cesar A. Hidalgo,
Ethan Zuckerman
FOLD is an authoring and publishing platform for creating modular, multimedia stories. Some
readers require greater context to understand complex stories. Using FOLD, authors can search
for and add "context cards" to their stories. Context cards can contain videos, maps, tweets,
music, interactive visualizations, and more. FOLD also allows authors to link stories together by
remixing context cards created by other writers.

79.

GIFGIF

Cesar A. Hidalgo, Andrew Lippman, Kevin Zeng Hu and Travis Rich

An animated GIF is a magical thing. It has the power to compactly convey emotion, empathy, and
context in a subtle way that text or emoticons often miss. GIFGIF is a project to combine that
magic with quantitative methods. Our goal is to create a tool that lets people explore the world of
GIFs by the emotions they evoke, rather than by manually entered tags. A web site with 200,000
users maps the GIFs to an emotion space and lets you peruse them interactively.

Page 14

April 2016

MIT Media Lab

80.

Immersion

Deepak Jagdish, Daniel Smilkov and Cesar Hidalgo

Immersion is a visual data experiment that delivers a fresh perspective of your email inbox.
Focusing on a people-centric approach rather than the content of the emails, Immersion brings
into view an important personal insight the network of people you are connected to via email, and
how it evolves over the course of many years. Given that this experiment deals with data that is
extremely private, it is worthwhile to note that when given secure access to your Gmail inbox
(which you can revoke any time), Immersion only uses data from email headers and not a single
word of any email's subject or body content.

81.

Opus

Cesar A. Hidalgo and Miguel Guevara

Opus is an online tool exploring the work and trajectory of scholars. Through a suite of interactive
visualizations, Opus help users explore the academic impact of a scholar's publications, discover
her network of collaborators, and identify her peers.

82.

Pantheon

Ali Almossawi, Andrew Mao, Defne Gurel, Cesar A. Hidalgo, Kevin Zeng Hu, Deepak
Jagdish, Amy Yu, Shahar Ronen and Tiffany Lu
We were not born with the ability to fly, cure disease, or communicate at long distances, but we
were born in a society that endows us with these capacities. These capacities are the result of
information that has been generated by humans and that humans have been able to embed in
tangible and digital objects. This information is all around us: it's the way in which the atoms in an
airplane are arranged or the way in which our cellphones whisper dance instructions to
electromagnetic waves. Pantheon is a project celebrating the cultural information that endows our
species with these fantastic capacities. To celebrate our global cultural heritage, we are compiling,
analyzing, and visualizing datasets that can help us understand the process of global cultural
development.

83.

Place Pulse

Phil Salesses, Anthony DeVincenzi, and Csar A. Hidalgo

Place Pulse is a website that allows anybody to quickly run a crowdsourced study and interactively
visualize the results. It works by taking a complex question, such as "Which place in Boston looks
the safest?" and breaking it down into easier-to-answer binary pairs. Internet participants are given
two images and asked "Which place looks safer?" From the responses, directed graphs are
generated and can be mined, allowing the experimenter to identify interesting patterns in the data
and form new hypotheses based on their observations. It works with any city or question and is
highly scalable. With an increased understanding of human perception, it should be possible for
calculated policy decisions to have a disproportionate impact on public opinion.

84.

PubPub

Cesar A. Hidalgo, Andrew Lippman, Kevin Zeng Hu, Travis Rich and Thariq Shihipar
PubPub reinvents publication the way the web was designed: collaborative, evolving, and open.
We do so in a graphical format that is deliberately simple and allows illustrations and text that are
programs as well as static PDFs. The intention is to create an author-driven, distributed alternative
to academic journals that is tuned to the dynamic nature of many of our modern experiments and
discoveries replicated, evaluated on-the-fly, and extended as they are used. It is optimized for
public discussion and academic journals and is being used for both. It is equally useful for a
newsroom to develop a story that is intended for both print and online distribution.

85.

StreetScore

Nikhil Naik, Jade Philipoom, Ramesh Raskar, Cesar Hidalgo

StreetScore is a machine learning algorithm that predicts the perceived safety of a streetscape.
StreetScore was trained using 2,920 images of streetscapes from New York and Boston and their
rankings for perceived safety obtained from a crowdsourced survey. To predict an image's score,
StreetScore decomposes this image into features and assigns the image a score based on the
associations between features and scores learned from the training dataset. We use StreetScore
to create a collection of map visualizations of perceived safety of street views from cities in the
United States. StreetScore allows us to scale up the evaluation of streetscapes by several orders
of magnitude when compared to a crowdsourced survey. StreetScore can empower research
groups working on connecting urban perception with social and economic outcomes by providing
high-resolution data on urban perception.

86.

The Economic
Complexity
Observatory

MIT Media Lab

Alex Simoes and Csar A. Hidalgo

With more than six billion people and 15 billion products, the world economy is anything but
simple. The Economic Complexity Observatory is an online tool that helps people explore this
complexity by providing tools that can allow decision makers to understand the connections that
exist between countries and the myriad of products they produce and/or export. The Economic
Complexity Observatory puts at everyone's fingertips the latest analytical tools developed to
visualize and quantify the productive structure of countries and their evolution.

April 2016

Page 15

87.

88.

89.

The Language Group

Network

Shahar Ronen, Kevin Hu, Michael Xu, and Csar A. Hidalgo

The Network Impact in

Success

Cesar A. Hidalgo and Miguel Guevara

The Privacy Bounds of

Human Mobility

Cesar A. Hidalgo and Yves-Alexandre DeMontjoye

Most interactions between cultures require overcoming a language barrier, which is why
multilingual speakers play an important role in facilitating such interactions. In addition, certain
languages (not necessarily the most spoken ones) are more likely than others to serve as
intermediary languages. We present the Language Group Network, a new approach for studying
global networks using data generated by tens of millions of speakers from all over the world: a
billion tweets, Wikipedia edits in all languages, and translations of two million printed books. Our
network spans over eighty languages, and can be used to identify the most connected languages
and the potential paths through which information diffuses from one culture to another.
Applications include promotion of cultural interactions, prediction of trends, and marketing.

Diverse teams of authors are known to generate higher-impact research papers, as measured by
their number of citations. But is this because cognitively diverse teams produce higher quality
work, which is more likely to get cited and adopted? Or is it because they possess a larger number
of social connections through which to distribute their findings? In this project we are mapping the
co-authorship networks and the academic diversity of the authors in a large volume of scientific
publications to test whether the adoption of papers is explained by cognitive diversity or the size of
the network associated with each of these authors. This project will help us understand whether
the larger levels of adoption of work generated by diverse groups is the result of higher quality, or
better connections.

We used 15 months of data from 1.5 million people to show that four points--approximate places
and times--are enough to identify 95 percent of individuals in a mobility database. Our work shows
that human behavior puts fundamental natural constraints on the privacy of individuals, and these
constraints hold even when the resolution of the dataset is low. These results demonstrate that
even coarse datasets provide little anonymity. We further developed a formula to estimate the
uniqueness of human mobility traces. These findings have important implications for the design of
frameworks and institutions dedicated to protecting the privacy of individuals.

Hiroshi Ishii: Tangible Media

Seamlessly coupling the worlds of bits and atoms by giving dynamic physical form to
digital information and computation.

90.

bioLogic

Lining Yao, Wen Wang, Guanyun Wang, Helene Steiner, Chin-Yi Cheng, Jifei Ou, Oksana
Anilionyte, Hiroshi Ishii
BioLogic is our attempt to program living organisms and invent responsive and transformational
interfaces of the future. Nature has engineered its own actuators, as well as the efficient material
composition, geometry, and structure to utilize its actuators and achieve functional transformation.
Based on the natural phenomenon of hygromorphic transformation, we introduce a specific type of
living cells as nanoactuators that react to body temperature and humidity change. The living
nanoactuator can be controlled by electrical signal and communicate with the virtual world as well.
A digital printing system and design simulation software are introduced to assist the design of
transformation structure.

91.

HydroMorph
NEW LISTING

92.

Inflated Appetite
NEW LISTING

Page 16

Ken Nakagaki, Pasquale Totaro, Jim Peraino, Thariq Shihipar, Chantine Akiyama, Yin
Shuang, Anthony Stuart, Hiroshi Ishii
HydroMorph is an interactive display based on shapes formed by a stream of water. Inspired by
the membrane formed when a water stream hits a smooth surface (e.g., a spoon), we developed a
system that dynamically controls the shape of a water membrane. This project explores a design
space of interactions around water shapes, and proposes a set of user scenarios in applications
across scales, from the faucet to the fountain. Through this work, we look to enrich our interaction
with water, an everyday material, with the added dimension of transformation.
Chin-Yi Cheng, Hiroshi Ishii, Jifei Ou, Wen Wang and Lining Yao
As part of human evolution and revolution, food is among the earliest forms of human interaction,
but it has remained essentially unchanged from ancient to modern times. What if we introduced
engineered and programmable food materials? With that change, food can change its role from

April 2016

MIT Media Lab

passive to active. Food can "communicate" using its inherent behaviors combined with
engineering accuracy. Food becomes media and interface. During an MIT winter course we
initiated and taught, we encouraged students to design pneumatic food. Students successfully
implemented inflatable sugar and cheese products. To inflate food, we use both an engineering
approach and a biological approach; to solidify the inflated food, we introduce both heat via the
oven, and coldness with liquid nitrogen.

93.

inFORM

Hiroshi Ishii, Alex Olwal, Daniel Leithinger and Sean Follmer

Shape displays can be used to render both 3D physical content and user interface elements. We
propose to use shape displays in three different ways to mediate interaction: facilitate, providing
dynamic physical affordances through shape change; restrict, guiding users through dynamic
physical constraints; and manipulate, actuating passive physical objects on the interface surface.
We demonstrate this on a new, high-resolution shape display.

94.

95.

jamSheets: Interacting
with Thin
Stiffness-Changing
Material

Jifei Ou, Lining Yao, Daniel Tauber, Juergen Steimle, Ryuma Niiyama, Hiroshi Ishii

LineFORM

Ken Nakagaki, Sean Follmer and Hiroshi Ishii

This project introduces layer jamming as an enabling technology for designing deformable,
stiffness-tunable, thin sheet interfaces. Interfaces that exhibit tunable stiffness properties can yield
dynamic haptic feedback and shape deformation capabilities. In contrast to particle jamming, layer
jamming allows for constructing thin and lightweight form factors of an interface. We propose
five-layer structure designs and an approach that composites multiple materials to control the
deformability of the interfaces. We also present methods to embed different types of sensing and
pneumatic actuation layers on the layer-jamming unit. Through three application prototypes we
demonstrate the benefits of using layer jamming in interface design. Finally, we provide a survey
of materials that have proven successful for layer jamming.

We propose a novel shape-changing interface that consists of a single line. Lines have several
interesting characteristics from the perspective of interaction design: abstractness of data
representation; a variety of inherent interactions/affordances; and constraints such as boundaries
or borderlines. By utilizing such aspects of lines together with the added transformation capability,
we present various applications in different scenarios such as shape-changing cords, mobiles,
body constraints, and data manipulation to investigate the design space of line-based
shape-changing interfaces.

96.

MirrorFugue

Xiao Xiao and Hiroshi Ishii

MirrorFugue is an installation for a player piano that evokes the impression that the "reflection" of a
disembodied pianist is playing the physically moving keys. Live music emanates from a grand
piano, whose keys move under the supple touch of a pianist's hands reflected on the lacquered
surface of the instrument. The pianist's face is displayed on the music stand, with subtle
expressions projecting the emotions of the music. MirrorFugue recreates the feeling of a live
performance, but no one is actually there. The pianist is an illusion of light and mirrors, a ghost
both present and absent. Viewing MirrorFugue evokes the sense of walking into a memory, where
the pianist plays without awareness of the viewer's presence; or, it is as if viewers were ghosts in
another's dream, able to sit down in place of the performing pianist and play along.

97.

Pneuduino

Hiroshi Ishii, Felix Heibeck, Jifei Ou and Lining Yao

Pneuduino is a hardware platform for kids, students, artists, designers, and researchers who are
interested in controlling air flow and pressure for their projects. The Pneuduino toolkit is currently
used in workshops with high school or college students. While each workshop has a different
focus, they all introduce concepts of air as actuator and sensor as well as different fabrication
methods to create transforming artifacts. Air is one the most abundant resources on earth. By
adding computation ability to air, we can create new types of materials that enable us to design
robots that are soft, furniture that is adaptive, clothing that is intelligent, and art pieces that are
breathing.

98.

Pneumatic
Shape-Changing
Interfaces

MIT Media Lab

Jifei Ou, Lining Yao, Ryuma Niiyama, Sean Follmer and Hiroshi Ishii
An enabling technology to build shape-changing interfaces through pneumatically driven,
soft-composite materials. The composite materials integrate the capabilities of both input sensing
and active shape output. We explore four applications: a multi-shape mobile device, table-top
shape-changing tangibles, dynamically programmable texture for gaming, and a shape-shifting
lighting apparatus.

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99.

Radical Atoms

Hiroshi Ishii
Radical Atoms is our vision of interactions with future materials. Radical Atoms takes a leap
beyond Tangible Bits by assuming a hypothetical generation of materials that can change form
and appearance dynamically, becoming as reconfigurable as pixels on a screen. Radical Atoms is
a computationally transformable and reconfigurable material that is bidirectionally coupled with an
underlying digital model (bits) so that dynamic changes of physical form can be reflected in digital
states in real time, and vice versa.
Alumni Contributors: Keywon Chung, Adam Kumpf, Amanda Parkes, Hayes Raffle and Jamie B
Zigelbaum

100. TRANSFORM

Hiroshi Ishii, Sean Follmer, Daniel Leithinger, Philipp Schoessler, Amit Zoran and LEXUS
International
TRANSFORM fuses technology and design to celebrate its transformation from still furniture to a
dynamic machine driven by a stream of data and energy. TRANSFORM aims to inspire viewers
with unexpected transformations and the aesthetics of the complex machine in motion. First
exhibited at LEXUS DESIGN AMAZING MILAN (April 2014), the work comprises three dynamic
shape displays that move over one thousand pins up and down in real time to transform the
tabletop into a dynamic tangible display. The kinetic energy of the viewers, captured by a sensor,
drives the wave motion represented by the dynamic pins. The motion design is inspired by
dynamic interactions among wind, water, and sand in nature, Escher's representations of
perpetual motion, and the attributes of sand castles built at the seashore. TRANSFORM tells of
the conflict between nature and machine, and its reconciliation, through the ever-changing tabletop
landscape.

101. TRANSFORM: Adaptive

and Dynamic Furniture

Luke Vink, Viirj Kan, Ken Nakagaki, Daniel Leithinger, Sean Follmer, Philipp Schoessler,
Amit Zoran, Hiroshi Ishii
Introducing TRANSFORM, a shape-changing desk. TRANSFORM is an exploration of how shape
display technology can be integrated into our everyday lives as interactive, transforming furniture.
These interfaces not only serve as traditional computing devices, but also support a variety of
physical activities. By creating shapes on demand or by moving objects around, TRANSFORM
changes the ergonomics and aesthetic dimensions of furniture, supporting a variety of use cases
at home and work: it holds and moves objects like fruit, game tokens, office supplies, and tablets,
creates dividers on demand, and generates interactive sculptures to convey messages and audio.

Joseph M. Jacobson: Molecular Machines

Engineering at the limits of complexity with molecular-scale parts.

102. Context-Aware Biology

Joseph M. Jacobson and Charles Fracchia

Current biological research workflows make use of disparate, poorly integrated systems that
impose a large mental burden on the scientist, leading to mistakes, often on long, complex, and
costly experimental procedures. The lack of open tools to assist in the collection of distributed
experimental conditions and data is largely responsible for making protocols difficult to debug, and
laboratory practice hard to learn. In this work, we describe an open Protocol Descriptor Language
(PDL) and system to enable a context-rich, quantitative approach to biological research. We detail
the development of a closed-loop pipetting technology and a wireless sample-temperature sensor
that integrate with our Protocol Description platform, enabling novel, real-time experimental
feedback to the researcher, thereby reducing mistakes and increasing overall scientific
reproducibility.

103. Context-Aware Pipette

Charles Fracchia, Jason Fischman, Matt Carney, and Joseph M. Jacobson

Pipettes are the equivalent in biology of the keyboard for computer science: a key tool that enables
interface with the subject matter. In the case of the pipette, it enables the scientist to move precise
amounts of liquids. Pipette design hasn't changed in over 30 years. We've designed a new type of
pipette that allows wireless, context-aware operation.

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104. GeneFab

Bram Sterling, Kelly Chang, Joseph M. Jacobson, Peter Carr, Brian Chow, David Sun Kong,
Michael Oh and Sam Hwang
What would you like to "build with biology"? The goal of the GeneFab project is to develop
technology for the rapid fabrication of large DNA molecules, with composition specified directly by
the user. Our intent is to facilitate the field of synthetic biology as it moves from a focus on single
genes to designing complete biochemical pathways, genetic networks, and more complex
systems. Sub-projects include: DNA error correction, microfluidics for high throughput gene
synthesis, and genome-scale engineering (rE. coli).
Alumni Contributor: Chris Emig

105. NanoFab

Kimin Jun, Jaebum Joo, and Joseph M. Jacobson

We are developing techniques to use a focused ion beam to program the fabrication of
nanowires-based nanostructures and logic devices.

106. Scaling Up DNA Logic

and Structures

Joseph M. Jacobson and Noah Jakimo

107. Synthetic
Photosynthesis

Joseph M. Jacobson and Kimin Jun

Our goals include novel gene logic and data logging systems, as well as DNA scaffolds that can
be produced on commercial scales. State of the art in the former is limited by finding analogous
and orthogonal proteins for those used in current single-layer gates and two-layered circuits. State
of the art in the latter is constrained in size and efficiency by kinetic limits on self-assembly. We
have designed and plan to demonstrate cascaded logic on chromosomes and DNA scaffolds that
exhibit exponential growth.

We are using nanowires to build structures for synthetic photosynthesis for the solar generation of
liquid fuels.

Sepandar Kamvar: Social Computing

Creating sociotechnical systems that shape our urban environments.

108. A Multi-Sensor
Wearable Device for
Analyzing Stress
Response in Preschool
Classrooms
NEW LISTING

109. Bicycle Study

NEW LISTING

110. Big Data for Small

Places
NEW LISTING

MIT Media Lab

Sepandar Kamvar and Gal Koren

One of the fundamental goals of Montessori education is to create productive, stress-free
educational environments for children. In addition to traditional methods of observation, we argue
that teachers would benefit from tools that could provide supplemental data identifying stress
responses in students using psychophysiological data. The child-suited wearable device we have
designed incorporates sensors that track signs linked to emotional and sympathetic responses,
such as heart rate variability and electro-dermal activity. Through these data points, teachers and
parents can better understand the child's emotional responses to activities and social interactions
at school, and tailor programs to support wellbeing and stress reduction.
Sepandar Kamvar and Caroline Jaffe
We would like to test the hypothesis that giving bicycles to people who live and work in cities can
effectively change their transportation behavior. We believe that giving somebody a bicycle will not
only make it much easier for them to use a bike for transportation, but may also prompt them to
change established commuting and transportation habits. We will assess travel behavior through
surveys and a series of deployed sensors that will help us develop a better understanding of
participants' travel behavior, the psychology of urban cyclists, and the benefits and challenges of
city cycling. We hope to develop a social process for selecting participants who can optimally
benefit from this intervention, and plan to support this experiment with an economic analysis of the
benefits of implementing such a system. We hope this research will revolutionize the way that
cities approach the issue of sustainable urban transportation.
Sepandar Kamvar, Elizabeth Christoforetti, Caroline Jaffe, Stephen Rife, Nazmus Saquib
and Jia Zhang
Big Data for Small Places is a quantitative study of the qualities that define our neighborhoods and
our collective role in the production of local places over time. We are translating the potentials of
big data from the scale of the city to the scale of the urban block, the scale at which we physically
experience urban space, to gain a better understanding of the local patterns and social spaces

April 2016

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that aggregate to form metropolitan identity. We hope that this study will improve our collective
understanding of the urban environments we shape and the stories they generate, that it will allow
us to more sensitively test and implement real change in our shared public realm and support the
invisible narratives it generates.

111. Computational Scope

and Sequence for a
Montessori Learning
Environment
NEW LISTING

112. Microculture

Sepandar Kamvar, Yonatan Cohen, Kimberly Smith and Sanjoy Mahajan

As part of our motivation to expand the classic Montessori curriculum and to address
contemporary proficiencies, we are designing materials for teaching the fundamentals of
computation. The project consists of developing both materials and their scope and sequence as
tangible, direct and non-digital micro lessons. Montessori Teaching Materials are a fundamental
part of Montessori education. They are tactile, sensorial and self-correcting; they explain an
isolated principle in a prescribed way; yet coexist in an environment of other lessons and materials
with which they correspond and communicate.
Josh Sarantitis, Sepandar Kamvar, Yonatan Cohen, Kathryn Grantham and Lisa DePiano
Microculture gardens are a network of small-scale permaculture gardens that are aimed at
reimagining our urban food systems, remediating our air supply, and making our streets more
amenable to human-scale mobility. Microculture combines micro-gardening with the principles of
permaculture, creatively occupying viable space throughout our communities for small-scale
self-sustaining food forests. Micro-gardens have proven to be successful for the production of a
broad range of species, including leafy vegetables, fruit, root vegetables, herbs, and more.
Traditionally, container-based micro-gardens occupy approximately one meter of space or less
and are made from found, up-cycled materials. Our innovations involve the combining of
permaculture and micro-gardening principles, developing materials and designs that allow for
modularity, mobility, easy replicability, placement in parking spots, and software that supports the
placement, creation, and maintenance of these gardens.

113. Proximity Networks

NEW LISTING

114. Storyboards

Sepandar Kamvar, Ayesha Bose, Connie Liu, Nazmus Saquib and Dwayne George
A crucial part of Montessori education is observation of the students, so teachers can assist
individuals and structure the environment as needed. Our work aims to assist this observation by
measuring proximity of students through Simblee COM sensors. We provide detailed
visualizations in a dashboard-style interface to both teachers and parents. This dashboard helps
teachers individualize their own methods to facilitate a child's growth in the classroom.
Sepandar Kamvar, Kevin Slavin, Jonathan Bobrow and Shantell Martin
Giving opaque technology a glass house, Storyboards present the tinkerers or owners of
electronic devices with stories of how their devices work. Just as the circuit board is a story of
star-crossed lovers--Anode and Cathode--with its cast of characters (resistor, capacitor,
transistor), Storyboards have their own characters driving a parallel visual narrative.

115. The Dog Programming

Language

Salman Ahmad and Sep Kamvar

116. Wildflower Montessori

Sep Kamvar, Kim Smith, Yonatan Cohen, Kim Holleman, Nazmus Saquib, Caroline Jaffe

Dog is a new programming language that makes it easy and intuitive to create social applications.
A key feature of Dog is built-in support for interacting with people. Dog provides a natural
framework in which both people and computers can be sent requests and return results. It can
perform a long-running computation while also displaying messages, requesting information, or
sending operations to particular individuals or groups. By switching between machine and human
computation, developers can create powerful workflows and model complex social processes
without worrying about low-level technical details.

Wildflower is an open-source approach to Montessori learning. Its aim is to be an experiment in a

new learning environment, blurring the boundaries between home-schooling and institutional
schooling, between scientists and teachers, between schools and the neighborhoods around
them. At the core of Wildflower are nine principles that define the approach. The Wildflower
approach has been implemented by several schools, which serve as a research platform for the
development of Montessori materials that advance the Montessori Method, software tools that
enable Montessori research, and social software that fosters the growth and connection of such
schools.

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MIT Media Lab

117. You Are Here

Sep Kamvar, Yonatan Cohen, Wesam Manassra, Pranav Ramkrishnan, Stephen Rife, Jia
Zhang, Edward Faulkner, Kim Smith, Asa Oines, Jake Sanchez, and Jennifer Jang
You Are Here is an experiment in microurbanism. In this project, we are creating 100 maps each
of 100 different cities. Each map gives a collective portrait of one aspect of life in the city, and is
designed to give communities meaningful micro-suggestions of what they might do to improve
their city. The interplay between the visualizations and the community work they induce creates a
collective, dynamic, urban-scale project.

Kent Larson: Changing Places

Enabling dynamic, evolving places that respond to the complexities of life.

118. Andorra Living Lab

NEW LISTING

Kent Larson, Luis A. Alonso Pastor, Alex (Sandy) Pentland, Ira Winder, Nai Chun Chen, Yan
Leng, Alejandro Noriega Campero, Agnis Stibe, Michael Chia-liang Lin, Carson Smuts, Ariel
Noyman, Yan Zhang (Ryan), Jason Nawyn, Juanita Devis, Nuria Macas
This is a unique collaborative project between the Media Lab and Andorra's government, largest
public and private companies (e.g., energy and telecom), and academic institutions. The
overarching paradigm of our work is the application of data science methodologies and spatial
analysis on Andorra's big data, with the goal of enabling an understanding of the country's
dynamics on tourism and commerce, human mobility and transportation systems, and energy and
environmental impact; as well as to shed light on technological and systems innovation toward
radical improvements in these domains. Goals include helping to develop big data platforms for
understanding, utilizing, and leveraging big data; developing concepts that have the potential to
establish Andorra as an international center for innovation; and designing interventions that can
improve the experience of tourists, encouraging them to visit more often, stay longer, and increase
spending.
Alumni Contributors: Luc Rocher and Arkadiusz Stopczynski

119. ARkits: Architectural

Robotics Kits

Kent Larson, Luis Alberto Alonso Pastor, Ivan Fernandez, Hasier Larrea and Carlos Rubio

120. BoxLab

Kent Larson and Jason Nawyn

In an urbanized world, where space is too valuable to be static and unresponsive, ARkits provide a
robotic kit of parts to empower real estate developers, furniture manufacturers, architects, and
"space makers" in general, to create a new generation of transformable and intelligent spaces.

Designed as a platform to enable rich contextual data collection in real homes, BoxLab uses a
broad array of wireless sensing devices to study responsive applications situated in natural home
settings. BoxLab has been deployed in homes around the Boston area, and has generated a
dataset containing over 10,000 hours of sensor data to be used as training libraries for
computational activity recognition and other applications of artificial intelligence. BoxLab also
enables rapid deployment of context-triggered applications that allow systems to respond to
occupant activities in real time.
Alumni Contributors: Jennifer Suzanne Beaudin, Edward Burns, Manu Gupta, Pallavi Kaushik,
Aydin Oztoprak, Randy Rockinson and Emmanuel Munguia Tapia

121. CityHOME: 200 SQ FT

Kent Larson, Hasier Larrea, Daniel Goodman, Oier Ario, Phillip Ewing
Live large in 200 square feet! An all-in-one disentangled robotic furniture piece makes it possible
to live comfortably in a tiny footprint not only by magically reconfiguring the space, but also by
serving as a platform for technology integration and experience augmentation. Two hundred
square feet has never seemed so large.

122. CityOffice

Kent Larson, Hasier Larrea, Luis Alonso, Carlos Rubio

Architectural robotics enable a hyper-efficient, dynamically reconfigurable co-working space that
accommodates a wide range of activities in a small area.

MIT Media Lab

April 2016

Page 21

123. CityScope Barcelona

Kent Larson, Waleed Gowharji, Carson Smuts, J. Ira Winder and Yan Zhang
The "Barcelona" demo is an independent prototype designed to model and simulate human
interactions within a Barcelona-like urban environment. Different types of land use (residential,
office, and amenities) are configured into urban blocks and analyzed with agent-based techniques.

124. CityScope BostonBRT

Ryan Chin, Allenza Michel, Ariel Noyman, Jeffrey Rosenblum, Anson Stewart, Phil Tinn, Ira
Winder, Chris Zegras
CityScope is working with the Barr Foundation of Boston to develop a tangible-interactive
participatory environment for planning bus rapid transit (BRT).

125. CityScope Hamburg

Kent Larson, Ariel Noyman and J. Ira Winder

MIT CityScience is working with Hafencity University to develop CityScope for the neighborhood of
Rothenburgsort in Hamburg, Germany. The goal is to create an interactive stakeholder
engagement tool that also serves as the platform for joint research of modules for city simulation.
Researchers are developing modules for walkability, neighborhood connectivity, energy efficiency,
and economic activity, among others.

126. CityScope Mark I:

Real-Time Data
Observatory

Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, and Kent Larson

127. CityScope Mark II:

Scout

Ira Winder

128. CityScope Mark III:

Dynamic 3D

Ira Winder, Grady Sain

129. CityScope Mark IV:

Playground

Ira Winder and Ariel Noyman (SA+P)

130. CityScope Mark IVa:

Riyadh

Ira Winder

131. CityScope Mark IVb:

Land
Use/Transportation

Kent Larson, Carson Smuts and Ira Winder

132. Context-Aware Dynamic

Lighting

Ronan Lonergan, Shaun Salzberg, Harrison Hall, and Kent Larson

Page 22

Real-time geospatial data is visualized on an exhibition-scale 3D city model. The model is built of
LEGO bricks, and visualization is performed by an array of calibrated projectors. Through
computation, GIS data is "LEGO-tized" to create a LEGO abstraction of existing urban areas. Data
layers include mobility systems, land use, social media, business activity, windflow simulations,
and more.

The CityScope "Scout" prototype integrates augmented reality with real-time mathematical
modeling of geospatial systems. In practice, the technology transforms any tabletop into a canvas
for land-use planning and walkability optimization. Users perform rapid prototyping with LEGO
bricks and receive real-time simulation and evaluation feedback.

The Dynamic 3D prototype allows users to edit a digital model by moving physical 3D abstractions
of building typologies. Movements are automatically detected, scanned, and digitized so as to
generate inputs for computational analysis. 3D information is also projected back onto the model
to give the user feedback while edits are made.

Playground is a full-sized, tangible 3D environment for rapid prototyping of building interventions in

Kendall Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Through projection mapping and onscreen
displays, users can receive feedback about the impacts of their interventions.

We recently led a workshop in Saudi Arabia, with staff from the Riyadh Development Authority, to
test a new version of our CityScope platform. With only an hour to work, four teams of five
professionals competed to develop a redevelopment proposal for a neighborhood near the city
center. The platform evaluated their designs according to energy, daylighting, and walkability.

CityScope MarkIVb is programmed to demonstrate and model the relationship between land use
(live and work), population density, parking supply and demand, and traffic congestion.

The robotic faade is conceived as a mass-customizable module that combines solar control,
heating, cooling, ventilation, and other functions to serve an urban apartment. It attaches to the
building "chassis" with standardized power, data, and mechanical attachments to simplify field
installation and dramatically increase energy performance. The design makes use of an
articulating mirror to direct shafts of sunlight to precise points in the apartment interior. Tiny,
low-cost, easily installed wireless sensors and activity recognition algorithms allow occupants to
use a mobile phone interface to map activities of daily living to personalized sunlight positions. We
are also developing strategies to control LED luminaires to turn off, dim, or tune the lighting to
more energy-efficient spectra in response to the location, activities, and paths of the occupants.

April 2016

MIT Media Lab

133. Creative Cities

NEW LISTING

134. Hybrid Autonomous

Shared Bike Fleet
Deployment Simulator
NEW LISTING

Kent Larson, Mohammad Hadhrawi and Yu-Ann Wang

It's the 21st century and new cities are being built and old cities are being renovated to
accommodate global population growth and urbanization. By 2009, more people in the world lived
in cities than rural settings. This number will double by 2050 to three billion. Historically, people
have felt ambivalence towards cities: while cities have been the wellspring of ideas, the
cornerstone of the industrial revolution, and centers of economic improvement, they've also been
the source of socioeconomic inequality, congestion, and crime. Inspired by several pieces of
literature, we wanted to explore cities in a positive light and see what elements in a city could be
related with higher levels of innovation.
Kent Larson, Michael Lin and Phil Tinn
Cities around the world are striving to improve livability by way of reducing dependency on
fossil-fuels cars. How might we leverage the autonomous technology to help fulfill this vision while
ensuring convenient flow of people and goods across the city? The Persuasive Electric Vehicle
(PEV) is a small, on-demand, shared, agile, autonomous and functionally-hybrid tricycle. We
believe it will become a critical platform in the constellation of emerging mobility systems. The PEV
will be a shared bike platform for people's inner-urban and last-mile travel needs, and for
delivering goods on-demand around the clock. To deploy it in the real world, it is necessary to
match the fleet supply with its demand. This simulator enables cities around the world to forecast
the fleet size based on proxy demands from taxis, shared bikes, shared car services and Call
Detail Records (CDR).

135. Measuring Urban

Innovation

Talia Kaufmann, Kent Larson, Dan Harple and Victor Kashirin

136. Mobility on Demand

Systems

Kent Larson, Ryan C.C. Chin, Chih-Chao Chuang, William Lark, Jr., Brandon Phillip
Martin-Anderson and SiZhi Zhou

Cities are hubs for innovation, characterized by densely populated areas where people and firms
cluster together, share resources, and collaborate. In turn, dense cities show higher rates of
economic growth and viability. Yet, the specific places innovation occurs in urban areas, and what
the socioeconomic conditions are that encourage it, are still elusive for both researches and
policymakers. Understanding the social and spatial settings that enable innovation to accrue will
equip policymakers and developers with the metrics to promote and sustain innovation in cities.
This research will measure the attributes of innovation districts across the US in terms of their
land-use configurations and population characteristics and behaviors. These measurements will
be used to identify the factors that enable innovation, with the goal of developing a methodological
approach for producing quantitative planning guidelines to support decision-making processes.

Mobility on Demand (MoD) systems are fleets of lightweight electric vehicles at strategically
distributed electrical charging stations throughout a city. MoD systems solve the "first and last
mile" problem of public transit, providing mobility between transit station and home/workplace.
Users swipe a membership card at the MoD station and drive a vehicle to any other station
(one-way rental). The Vlib' system of 20,000+ shared bicycles in Paris is the largest and most
popular one-way rental system in the world. MoD systems incorporate intelligent fleet
management through sensor networks, pattern recognition, and dynamic pricing, and the benefits
of Smart Grid technologies include intelligent electrical charging (including rapid charging),
vehicle-to-grid (V2G), and surplus energy storage for renewable power generation and peak
sharing for the local utility. We have designed three MoD vehicles: CityCar, RoboScooter, and
GreenWheel bicycle. (Continuing the vision of William J. Mitchell.)

137. Persuasive Cities

Agnis Stibe and Kent Larson

Persuasive Cities research is aimed at advancing urban spaces to facilitate societal changes.
According to social science research, any well-designed environment can become a strong
influencer of what people think and do. There is an endlessly dynamic interaction between a
person, a particular behavior, and a specific environment. Persuasive Cities research leverages
this knowledge to engineer persuasive environments and interventions for altering human behavior
on a societal level. This research is focused on socially engaging environments for supporting
entrepreneurship and innovation, reshaping routines and behavioral patterns in urban spaces,
deploying intelligent outdoor sensing for shifting mobility modes, enhancing environmentally
friendly behaviors through social norms, introducing interactive public feedback channels to alter
attitudes at scale, engaging residents through socially influencing systems, exploring methods for
designing persuasive neighborhoods, and fostering adoption of novel urban systems. More:
http://bit.ly/TEDxp
Alumni Contributor: Ryan C. C. Chin

MIT Media Lab

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138. Persuasive Electric

Vehicle

Kent Larson, Michael Lin and Agnis Stibe

139. Persuasive Urban

Mobility

Agnis Stibe, Matthias Wunsch, Alexandra Millonig, Chengzhen Dai, Stefan Seer, Katja
Schechtner, Ryan C. C. Chin and Kent Larson

Persuasive Electric Vehicle (PEV) addresses sedentary lifestyles, provides energy-efficient

mobility, and takes advantage of existing bicycle lanes. Designed as a three-wheeler for stability,
with a cover to protect from rain and the option for electric assist, PEV makes biking compelling for
various demographics. Various persuasive interventions are displayed through user interaction
with smartphones to facilitate pedaling behavior. Influential strategies are designed for both the
interior and exterior of PEV. For example, an interior display can show how many previous riders
have actually pedaled while riding a particular PEV. The exterior of PEV can change color
depending on whether a rider actually pedals or not.

The effects of global climate change, in combination with rapid urbanization, have forced cities to
seek low-energy and less carbon-intensive modes of transport. Cities have adopted policies like
congestion pricing to encourage its citizens to give up private automobiles and to use mass transit
or bicycling and walking. In this research study, we examine how persuasion technologies can be
utilized to encourage positive modal shifts in mobility behavior in cities. We are particularly
interested in studying the key persuasive strategies that enable, motivate, and trigger users to shift
from high-energy to low-energy modes. This project is a collaboration between the MIT Media Lab
and the Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT).
Alumni Contributors: Sandra Richter and Katja Schechtner

140. ViewCube

Kent Larson and Carson Smuts

A tangible device for real-time spatial movement and perspectival orientation between physical
and digital 3D models.

Andy Lippman: Viral Communications

Creating scalable technologies that evolve with user inventiveness.

141. 8K Time into Space

Andrew Lippman and Hisayuki Ohmata

8K Time into Space is a user interface for a video exploration system with an 8K display. 8K is an
ultra high-definition video system and it can present a huge amount of visual content on one
display. In our system, video thumbnails with shifted playback time in chronological order are
spaced out like tiles. The time range of a scene that a viewer wants to check can be adjusted with
a touch interface, and resolution of the thumbnails is changed depending of the range. 8K Time
into Space aims to provide responsive and intuitive experiences for video consumption.

142. As You Need It

NEW LISTING

143. Captions++
NEW LISTING

144. DbDb

Andrew Lippman and Yasmine Rubinovitz

Video or broadcast news is viewed in a far wider set of circumstances than it ever has been
before. It is composed with the assumption of a complete, situated viewing, but in fact it is often
grabbed on-the-fly as a momentary experience. As You Need It is a semantic summarizer that
deconstructs a multi-part segment for presentation as chunks of importance. We are learning if a
story can be cut down to a useful update that takes less time than a traffic light, or as much time
as a given user has. This project uses and contributes to another group project, SuperGlue.
Andrew Lippman and Tomer Weller
Modern web presentations such as Youtube feature videos with commentary appended at the
bottom. In our new imagination of Videotext we put the two together: comments appear as active
bubbles along the playback time line. We thereby associate the commentary with the place in the
video to which it refers. It gains context. This project is in the early test stage and is presented for
discussion and further development in summer 2016.
Travis Rich and Andrew Lippman
DbDb (pronounced DubDub) is a collaborative, visually based analysis and simulation platform.
We promote open distribution of experimental data by allowing researchers to present a graphical
representation of their data and processing techniques that collaborators can build on and
augment. This helps test the reproducibility of results and allows others to learn and apply their

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MIT Media Lab

own techniques. Our intention is for the research community as a whole to benefit from a growing
body of open, analytical techniques. DbDb provides an interface for archiving data, executing
code, and visualizing a tree of forked analyses. It is part of the Viral initiative on open,
author-driven publishing, collaboration, and analysis. It is intended to be linked to PubPub, the
main project.

145. GIFGIF

Cesar A. Hidalgo, Andrew Lippman, Kevin Zeng Hu and Travis Rich

An animated GIF is a magical thing. It has the power to compactly convey emotion, empathy, and
context in a subtle way that text or emoticons often miss. GIFGIF is a project to combine that
magic with quantitative methods. Our goal is to create a tool that lets people explore the world of
GIFs by the emotions they evoke, rather than by manually entered tags. A web site with 200,000
users maps the GIFs to an emotion space and lets you peruse them interactively.

146. IoT Recorder

Andrew Lippman and Thariq Shihipar

The physical world is increasingly coming online. We have things that measure, sense, and
broadcast to the rest of the world. We call this the Internet of Things (IoT). But our cameras are
blind to this new layer of metadata on reality. The IoT recorder is a camera that understands what
IoT devices it sees and what data they are streaming, thus creating a rich information
"caption-track" for the videos it records. Using this meta-data, we intend to explore how this
enables new video applications, starting with cooking.

147. MedRec
NEW LISTING

148. NewsClouds

Ariel Ekblaw, Asaf Azaria, Thiago Vieira, Joe Paradiso, Andrew Lippman
We face a well-known need for innovation in electronic medical records (EMRs), but the
technology is cumbersome and innovation is impeded by inefficiency and regulation. We
demonstrate MedRec as a solution tuned to the needs of patients, the treatment community, and
medical researchers. It is a novel, decentralized record management system for EMRs that uses
blockchain technology to manage authentication, confidentiality, accountability, and data sharing.
A modular design integrates with providers' existing, local data-storage solutions, enabling
interoperability and making our system convenient and adaptable. As a key feature of our work,
we engage the medical research community with an integral role in the protocol. Medical
researchers provide the "mining" necessary to secure and sustain the blockchain authentication
log, in return for access to anonymized, medical metadata in the form of "transaction fees."
Andrew Lippman and Thariq Shihipar
NewsClouds presents a visual exploration of how the news reporting of an event evolves over
time. Each cloud represents a publication and each competing news organization usually
emphasizes different aspects of that same story. Using the time sliders, that evolution becomes
evident. In addition, each word or phrase can be expanded to show its links and context. We are
building an archive of events associated with ongoing US election developments.

149. PubPub

Cesar A. Hidalgo, Andrew Lippman, Kevin Zeng Hu, Travis Rich and Thariq Shihipar
PubPub reinvents publication the way the web was designed: collaborative, evolving, and open.
We do so in a graphical format that is deliberately simple and allows illustrations and text that are
programs as well as static PDFs. The intention is to create an author-driven, distributed alternative
to academic journals that is tuned to the dynamic nature of many of our modern experiments and
discoveries replicated, evaluated on-the-fly, and extended as they are used. It is optimized for
public discussion and academic journals and is being used for both. It is equally useful for a
newsroom to develop a story that is intended for both print and online distribution.

150. Solar Micro-Mining

Ariel Ekblaw, Jonathan Harvey-Buschel, Tal Achituv and Andrew Lippman

Bitcoin generates net-new value from "mining" in a distributed network. In this work, we explore
solar micro-mining rigs that transform excess energy capacity from renewable energy (hard to
trade) into money (fungible). Each rig runs a small Bitcoin miner and produces Bitcoin dust for
micropayments. We envision these micro-miners populating a highly distributed network, across
rooftops, billboards, and other outdoor spaces. Where systematic or environmental restrictions
limit the ability to freely trade the underlying commodity, micro-mining produces new economic
viability. Renewable energy-based, micropayment mining systems can broaden financial inclusion
in the Bitcoin network, particularly among populations that need a currency for temporary store of
value and must rely on flexible electricity off the grid (e.g., unbanked populations in the developing
world). This exploration seeds a longer-term goal to enable open access to digital currency via
account-free infrastructure for the public good.

MIT Media Lab

April 2016

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151. Super Cut Notes

NEW LISTING

152. SuperGlue

Tomer Weller, Robert Tran and Andy Lippman

A large portion of popular media is remixed: existing media content is spliced and re-ordered in a
manner that serves a specific narrative. Super Cut Notes is a semi-comical content remix tool that
allows a user to splice and combine the smallest bits of media: words. By tapping into the dataset
of our group's SuperGlue platform, it has access to a huge dictionary of words created by
SuperGlue s transcription module. Users are able to input a text of any length, choose video-bits of
individual words that match their text, and create a video of their combination--in the style of
cut-and-pasted ransom notes.
Tomer Weller, Jasmin Rubinovitz and Andy Lippman
SuperGlue is a core news research initiative that is a "digestion system" and metadata generator
for mass media. An evolving set of analysis modules annotate 14 DirecTV live news broadcast
channels as well as web pages and tweets. The video is archived and synchronized with the
analysis. Currently, the system provides named-entity extraction, audio expression markers, face
detectors, scene/edit point locators, excitement trackers, and thumbnail summarization. We use
this to organize material for presentation, analysis, and summarization. SuperGlue supports other
news-related experiments.

153. This Is How

NEW LISTING

154. VR Codes

Andrew Lippman and Tomer Weller

This Is How is a platform for connecting makers with small businesses through stories. Small
businesses share their stories in the form of video bytes in which they explain what they do and
why, what their requirements and constraints are, and what kinds of issues they have. Makers can
then annotate the video, ask further questions, and propose solutions for issues. The video is
passed through SuperGlue for annotation and to categorize and find commonalities among
requests.
Andy Lippman and Grace Woo
VR Codes are dynamic data invisibly hidden in television and graphic displays. They allow the
display to present simultaneously visual information in an unimpeded way, and real-time data to a
camera. Our intention is to make social displays that many can use at once; using VR codes,
users can draw data from a display and control its use on a mobile device. We think of VR Codes
as analogous to QR codes for video, and envision a future where every display in the environment
contains latent information embedded in VR codes.

155. Wall of Now

Andrew Lippman and Tomer Weller

Wall of Now is a multi-dimensional media browser of recent news items. It attempts to address our
need to know everything by presenting a deliberately overwhelming amount of media, while
simplifying the categorization of the content into single entities. Every column in the wall
represents a different type of entity: people, countries, states, companies, and organizations. Each
column contains the top-trending stories of that type in the last 24 hours. Pressing on an entity will
reveal a stream of video that relates to that specific entity. The Wall of Now is a single-view
experience that challenges previous perceptions of screen space utilization towards a future of
extremely large, high-resolution displays.

156. Watch People Watch

NEW LISTING

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Tomer Weller, Suzanne Wang and Andy Lippman

Recording your reaction to a short video is becoming the new gossip; famous watchers get as
many as 750,000 views. We attempt to transform this utterly useless and talentless event into a
socially constructive alternative to simultaneous, synchronized, group viewing. Any user can opt in
to be recorded and added to the shared, collective viewing experience. No talent or skills required.

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MIT Media Lab

Tod Machover: Opera of the Future

Extending expression, learning, and health through innovations in musical composition,
performance, and participation.

157. Ambisonic
Surround-Sound Audio
Compression

Tod Machover and Charles Holbrow

158. Breathing Window

Tod Machover and Rebecca Kleinberger

Traditional music production and studio engineering depends on dynamic range

compression audio signal processors that precisely and dynamically control the gain of an audio
signal in the time domain. This project expands on the traditional dynamic range compression
model by adding a spatial dimension. Ambisonic Compression allows audio engineers to
dynamically control the spatial properties of a three-dimensional sound field, opening new
possibilities for surround-sound design and spatial music performance.

Breathing Window is a tool for non-verbal dialogue that reflects on your own breathing while also
offering a window on another person's respiration. This prototype is an example of shared human
experiences (SHEs) crafted to improve the quality of human understanding and interactions. Our
work on SHEs focuses on first encounters with strangers. We meet strangers every day, and
without prior background knowledge of the individual we often form opinions based on prejudices
and differences. In this work, we bring respiration to the foreground as one common experience of
all living creatures.

159. City Symphonies:

Massive Musical
Collaboration

Tod Machover, Akito Van Troyer, Benjamin Bloomberg, Charles Holbrow, David Nunez,
Simone Ovsey, Sarah Platte, Bryn Bliska, Rbecca Kleinberger, Peter Alexander Torpey and
Garrett Parrish
Until now, the impact of crowdsourced and interactive music projects has been limited: the public
contributes a small part of the final result, and is often disconnected from the artist leading the
project. We believe that a new musical ecology is needed for true creative collaboration between
experts and amateurs. Toward this goal, we are creating "city symphonies," each collaboratively
composed with the population of an entire city. We designed the infrastructure needed to bring
together an unprecedented number of people, including a variety of web-based music composition
applications, a social media framework, and real-world community-building activities. We have
premiered city symphonies in Toronto, Edinburgh, Perth, and Lucerne. With support from the
Knight Foundation, our first city symphony for the US, A Symphony for Detroit, premiered in fall
2015. We are also working on scaling this process by mentoring independent groups, beginning
with Akron, Ohio.

160. Death and the Powers:

Global Interactive
Simulcast

Tod Machover, Peter Torpey, Ben Bloomberg, Elena Jessop, Charles Holbrow, Simone
Ovsey, Garrett Parrish, Justin Martinez, and Kevin Nattinger

161. Death and the Powers:

Redefining Opera

Tod Machover, Ben Bloomberg, Peter Torpey, Elena Jessop, Bob Hsiung, Akito van Troyer

MIT Media Lab

The live global interactive simulcast of the final February 2014 performance of "Death and the
Powers" in Dallas made innovative use of satellite broadcast and Internet technologies to expand
the boundaries of second-screen experience and interactivity during a live remote performance. In
the opera, Simon Powers uploads his mind, memories, and emotions into The System,
represented onstage through reactive robotic, visual, and sonic elements. Remote audiences, via
simulcast, were treated as part of The System alongside Powers and the operabots. Audiences
had an omniscient view of the action of the opera, as presented through the augmented,
multi-camera video and surround sound. Multimedia content delivered to mobile devices, through
the Powers Live app, privileged remote audiences with perspectives from within The System.
Mobile devices also allowed audiences to influence The System by affecting the illumination of the
Winspear Opera House's Moody Foundation Chandelier.

"Death and the Powers" is a groundbreaking opera that brings a variety of technological,
conceptual, and aesthetic innovations to the theatrical world. Created by Tod Machover
(composer), Diane Paulus (director), and Alex McDowell (production designer), the opera uses the
techniques of tomorrow to address age-old human concerns of life and legacy. The unique
performance environment, including autonomous robots, expressive scenery, new
Hyperinstruments, and human actors, blurs the line between animate and inanimate. The opera
premiered in Monte Carlo in fall 2010, with additional performances in Boston and Chicago in 2011
and a new production with a global, interactive simulcast in Dallas in February 2014. The DVD of
the Dallas performance of Powers was released in April 2015.

April 2016

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162. Empathy and the Future

of Experience

Tod Machover, Akito Van Troyer, Benjamin Bloomberg, Bryn Bliska, Charles Holbrow,
David Nunez, Rbecca Kleinberger, Simone Ovsey, Sarah Platte, Peter Torpey, Kelly
Donovan, Meejin Yoon and the Empathy and Experience class
Nothing is more important in today's troubled world than the process of eliminating prejudice and
misunderstanding, and replacing them with communication and empathy. We explore the
possibility of creating public experiences to dramatically increase individual and community
awareness of the power of empathy on an unprecedented scale. We draw on numerous
precedents from the Opera of the Future group that have proposed concepts and technologies to
inspire and intensify human connectedness (such as Sleep No More, Death and the Powers,
Vocal Vibrations, City Symphonies, and Hyperinstruments) and from worldwide instances of
transformative shared human experience (such as the Overview Effect, Human Libraries,
Immersive Theatre, and non-sectarian spiritual traditions). The objective is to create a model of a
multisensory, participatory, spatially radical installation that will break down barriers between
people of immensely different backgrounds, providing instantaneous understanding of as well as
long-term commitment to empathic communication.

163. Fablur
NEW LISTING

164. Fensadense

Tod Machover, Rebecca Kleinberger and Alisha Panjwani

Fablur explores the limit of the self in its relationship to others through the medium of clothing. The
augmented gown uses a rear dome projection system on the surface of the fabric. The system
comprises laser projectors and mirror structures talking wirelessly with a computer, within which is
contained both content and warp projection mapping software. This novel technological interface
presents both a performative element and a seamless integration in a woman's life experience.
This wearable project questions the boundary between the self and others, the boundary between
the individual and society, and the boundary between the body and nature.
Tod Machover, Ben Bloomberg, Peter Torpey, Garrett Parrish, Kevin King
Fensadense is a new work for 10-piece ensemble composed by Tod Machover, commissioned for
the Lucerne Festival in summer 2015. The project represents the next generation of
hyperinstruments, involving the measurement of relative qualities of many performers where
previous systems only looked at a single performer. Off-the-shelf components were used to collect
data about movement and muscle tension of each musician. The data was analyzed using the
Hyperproduction platform to create meaningful production control for lighting and sound systems
based on the connection of the performers, with a focus on qualities such as momentum,
connection, and tension of the ensemble as a whole. The project premiered at the Lucerne
Festival, and a European tour is scheduled for spring 2016.

165. Hyperinstruments

Tod Machover
The Hyperinstruments project creates expanded musical instruments and uses technology to give
extra power and finesse to virtuosic performers. They were designed to augment a wide range of
traditional musical instruments and have been used by some of the world's foremost performers
(Yo-Yo Ma, the Los Angeles Philharmonic, Peter Gabriel, and Penn & Teller). Research focuses
on designing computer systems that measure and interpret human expression and feeling,
exploring appropriate modalities and content of interactive art and entertainment environments,
and building sophisticated interactive musical instruments for non-professional musicians,
students, music lovers, and the general public. Recent projects involve the production a new
version of the "classic" Hyperstring Trilogy for the Lucerne Festival, and the design of a new
generation of Hyperinstruments, for Fensadense and other projects, that emphasizes
measurement and interpretation of inter-player expression and communication, rather than simply
the enhancement of solo performance.
Alumni Contributors: Roberto M. Aimi, Mary Farbood, Ed Hammond, Tristan Jehan, Margaret Orth,
Dan Overholt, Egon Pasztor, Joshua Strickon, Gili Weinberg and Diana Young

166. Hyperproduction:
Advanced Production
Systems

Page 28

Tod Machover and Benjamin Bloomberg

Hyperproduction is a conceptual framework and a software toolkit that allows producers to specify
a descriptive computational model and consequently an abstract state for a live experience
through traditional operating paradigms, such as mixing audio or operation of lighting, sound, and
video systems. The hyperproduction system is able to interpret this universal state and
automatically utilize additional production systems, allowing for a small number of producers to
cohesively guide the attention and perspective of an audience using many or very complex
production systems simultaneously. The toolkit is under active development and has been used for
new pieces such as Fensadense, and to recreate older systems such as those for the original
Hyperstring Triolgy as part of the Lucerne Festival in 2015. Work continues to enable new
structures and abstraction within the framework.

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MIT Media Lab

167. Hyperscore

Tod Machover
Hyperscore is an application to introduce children and non-musicians to musical composition and
creativity in an intuitive and dynamic way. The "narrative" of a composition is expressed as a
line-gesture, and the texture and shape of this line are analyzed to derive a pattern of
tension-release, simplicity-complexity, and variable harmonization. The child creates or selects
individual musical fragments in the form of chords or melodic motives, and layers them onto the
narrative-line with expressive brushstrokes. The Hyperscore system automatically realizes a full
composition from a graphical representation. Currently, Hyperscore uses a mouse-based
interface; the final version will support freehand drawing, and integration with the Music Shapers
and Beatbugs to provide a rich array of tactile tools for manipulation of the graphical score.
Alumni Contributors: Mary Farbood, Ed Hammond, Tristan Jehan, Margaret Orth, Dan Overholt,
Egon Pasztor, Joshua Strickon, Gili Weinberg and Diana Young

168. Maestro Myth:

Exploring the Impact of
Conducting Gestures
on Musician's Body and
Sounding Result

Tod Machover and Sarah Platte

169. Media Scores

Tod Machover and Peter Torpey

Expert or fraud, the powerful person in front of an orchestra or choir attracts both hate and
admiration. But what is the actual influence a conductor has on the musician and the sounding
result? To throw light on the fundamental principles of this special gestural language, we try to
prove a direct correlation between the conductor's gestures, muscle tension, and the physically
measurable reactions of musicians in onset-precision, muscle tension, and sound quality. We also
measure whether the mere form of these gestures causes different levels of stress or arousal.
With this research we aim not only to contribute to the development of a theoretical framework on
conducting, but also to enable a precise mapping of gestural parameters in order to develop and
demonstrate a new system to the optional enhancement of musical learning, performance, and
expression.

Media Scores extends the concept of a musical score to other modalities, facilitating the process
of authoring and performing multimedia compositions and providing a medium through which to
realize a modern-day Gesamtkunstwerk. The web-based Media Scores environment and related
show control systems leverage research into multimodal representation and encoding of
expressive intent. Using such a tool, the composer will be able to shape an artistic work that may
be performed through a variety of media and modalities. Media Scores offer the potential for
authoring content using live performance data as well as audience participation and interaction.
This paradigm bridges the extremes of the continuum from composition to performance, allowing
for improvisation. The Media Score also provides a common point of reference in collaborative
productions, as well as the infrastructure for real-time control of technologies used during live
performance.

170. Music Visualization via

Musical Information
Retrieval

Tod Machover and Thomas Sanchez

171. Remote Theatrical

Immersion: Extending
"Sleep No More"

Tod Machover, Punchdrunk, Akito Van Troyer, Ben Bloomberg, Gershon Dublon, Jason
Haas, Elena Jessop, Brian Mayton, Eyal Shahar, Jie Qi, Nicholas Joliat, and Peter Torpey

MIT Media Lab

In a study of human perception of music in relation to different representations of video graphics,

this project explores the automatic synchronization in real time between audio and image. This
aims to make the relationship seem smaller and more consistent. The connection is made using
techniques that rely on audio signal processing to automatically extract data from the music, which
subsequently are mapped to the visual objects. The visual elements are influenced by data
obtained from various Musical Information Retrieval (MIR) techniques. By visualizing music, one
can stimulate the nervous system to recognize different musical patterns and extract new features.

We have collaborated with London-based theater group Punchdrunk to create an online platform
connected to their NYC show, Sleep No More. In the live show, masked audience members
explore and interact with a rich environment, discovering their own narrative pathways. We have
developed an online companion world to this real-life experience, through which online participants
partner with live audience members to explore the interactive, immersive show together. Pushing
the current capabilities of web standards and wireless communications technologies, the system
delivers personalized multimedia content, allowing each online participant to have a unique
experience co-created in real time by his own actions and those of his onsite partner. This project
explores original ways of fostering meaningful relationships between online and onsite audience
members, enhancing the experiences of both through the affordances that exist only at the
intersection of the real and the virtual worlds.

April 2016

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172. SIDR: Deep

Learning-Based
Real-Time Speaker
Identification
NEW LISTING

173. Sound Cycles

Tod Machover, Rebecca Kleinberger and Clement Duhart

Consider each of our individual voices as a flashlight to illuminate how we project ourselves in
society and how much sonic space we give ourselves or others. Thus, turn-taking computation
through speaker recognition systems has been used as a tool to understand social situations or
work meetings. We present SIDR, a deep learning-based, real-time speaker recognition system
designed to be used in real-world settings. The system is resilient to noise, changes in room
acoustics, different languages, and overlapping dialogues. While existing systems require the use
of several microphones for each speaker or the need to couple video and sound recordings for
accurate recognition of a speaker, SIDR only requires a medium-quality microphone or
computer-embedded microphone.
Tod Machover and Charles Holbrow
Sound Cycles is a new interface for exploring, re-mixing, and composing with large volumes of
audio content. The project presents a simple and intuitive interface for scanning through long
audio files or pre-recorded music. Sound Cycles integrates with the existing Digital Audio
Workstation for on-the-fly editing, audio analysis, and feature extraction.

174. Using the Voice As a

Tool for Self-Reflection

Tod Machover and Rebecca Kleinberger

175. Vocal Vibrations:

Expressive
Performance for
Body-Mind Wellbeing

Tod Machover, Charles Holbrow, Elena Jessop, Rebecca Kleinberger, Le Laboratoire, and
the Dalai Lama Center at MIT

Our voice is an important part of our individuality. From the voices of others, we understand a
wealth of non-linguistic information, such as identity, social-cultural clues, and emotional state. But
the relationship we have with our own voice is less obvious. We don't hear it the way others do,
and our brain treats it differently from any other sound. Yet its sonority is deeply connected with
how we are perceived by society and how we see ourselves, body and mind. This project is
composed of software, devices, installations, and thoughts used to challenge us to gain new
insights on our voices. To increase self-awareness, we propose different ways to extend, project,
and visualize the voice. We show how our voices sometimes escape our control, and we explore
the consequences in terms of self-reflection, cognitive processes, therapy, affective features
visualization, and communication improvement.

Vocal Vibrations explores relationships between human physiology and the vibrations of the voice.
The voice is an expressive instrument that nearly everyone possesses and that is intimately linked
to the physical form. In collaboration with Le Laboratoire and the MIT Dalai Lama Center, we
examine the hypothesis that voices can influence mental and physical health through
physico-physiological phenomena. The first Vocal Vibrations installation premiered in Paris,
France, in March 2014. The public "Chapel" space of the installation encouraged careful
meditative listening. A private "Cocoon" environment guided an individual to explore his/her voice,
augmented by tactile and acoustic stimuli. Vocal Vibrations then had a successful showing as the
inaugural installation at the new Le Laboratoire Cambridge from November 2014 through March
2015. The installation was incorporated into Le Laboratoire's Memory/Witness of the Unimaginable
exhibit, April 17-August 16, 2015.
Alumni Contributor: Eyal Shahar

Pattie Maes: Fluid Interfaces

Integrating digital interfaces more naturally into our physical lives, enabling insight,
inspiration, and interpersonal connections.

176. Augmented Airbrush

Roy Shilkrot, Amit Zoran, Pattie Maes and Joseph A. Paradiso

We present an augmented handheld airbrush that allows unskilled painters to experience the art of
spray painting. Inspired by similar smart tools for fabrication, our handheld device uses 6DOF
tracking, mechanical augmentation of the airbrush trigger, and a specialized algorithm to let the
painter apply color only where indicated by a reference image. It acts both as a physical spraying
device and as an intelligent digital guiding tool that provides manual and computerized control.
Using an inverse rendering approach allows for a new augmented painting experience with unique
results. We present our novel hardware design, control software, and a discussion of the
implications of human-computer collaborative painting.

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MIT Media Lab

177. BrainVR: A
Neuroscience Learning
Experience in Virtual
Reality
NEW LISTING

178. Enlight

Pattie Maes, Scott Greenwald, Alex Norton and Amy Robinson (EyeWire) and Daniel Citron
(Harvard University)
BrainVR is a learning experience for neuroscience that leverages motion-tracked virtual reality to
convey cutting-edge knowledge in neuroscience. In particular, an interactive 3D model of the
retina illustrates how the eye detects moving objects. The goal of the project is to explore the
potential of motion tracked virtual reality for learning complex concepts, and build reusable tools to
maximize this potential across knowledge domains.
Tal Achituv, Natan Linder, Rony Kubat, Pattie Maes and Yihui Saw
In physics education, virtual simulations have given us the ability to show and explain phenomena
that are otherwise invisible to the naked eye. However, experiments with analog devices still play
an important role. They allow us to verify theories and discover ideas through experiments that are
not constrained by software. What if we could combine the best of both worlds? We achieve that
by building our applications on a projected augmented reality system. By projecting onto physical
objects, we can paint the phenomena that are invisible. With our system, we have built "physical
playgrounds": simulations that are projected onto the physical world and that respond to detected
objects in the space. Thus, we can draw virtual field lines on real magnets, track and provide
history on the location of a pendulum, or even build circuits with both physical and virtual
components.

179. Express
NEW LISTING

Cristina Powell (Artist, Pattie Maes, Tal Achituv, Daniel Kish (Expert in Perception and
Accessibility for the Blind) and Suffers from Cerebral Palsy)
We are developing a new and exciting tool for expression in paint, combining technology and art to
bring together the physical and the virtual through the use of robotics, artificial intelligence, signal
processing, and wearable technology. Our technology promotes expression in paint not only by
making it a lot more accessible, but also by making it flexible, adaptive, and fun, for everyone
across the entire spectrum of abilities. With the development of the technology, new forms of art
also emerge, such as hyper, hybrid, and collaborative painting. All of these can be extended to
remote operation (or co-operation) thanks to the modular system design. For example, a parent
and a child can be painting together even when far apart; a disabled person can experience an
embodied painting experience; and medical professionals can reach larger populations with
physical therapy, occupational therapy, and art therapy, including motor/neuromuscular impaired
persons.

180. EyeRing: A Compact,

Intelligent Vision
System on a Ring

Roy Shilkrot and Suranga Nanayakkara

181. FingerReader

Roy Shilkrot, Jochen Huber, Pattie Maes and Suranga Nanayakkara

EyeRing is a wearable, intuitive interface that allows a person to point at an object to see or hear
more information about it. We came up with the idea of a micro-camera worn as a ring on the
index finger with a button on the side, which can be pushed with the thumb to take a picture or a
video that is then sent wirelessly to a mobile phone to be analyzed. The user tells the system what
information they are interested in and receives the answer in either auditory or visual form. The
device also provides some simple haptic feedback. This finger-worn configuration of sensors and
actuators opens up a myriad of possible applications for the visually impaired as well as for sighted
people.

FingerReader is a finger-worn device that helps the visually impaired to effectively and efficiently
read paper-printed text. It works in a local-sequential manner for scanning text that enables
reading of single lines or blocks of text, or skimming the text for important sections while providing
auditory and haptic feedback.

182. Food Attack

NEW LISTING

MIT Media Lab

Pattie Maes and Niaja Farve

The rise in wearable devices and the desire to quantify various aspects of everyday activities has
provided the opportunity to offer just-in-time triggers to aid in achieving pre-determined goals.
While a lot is known about the effectiveness of messaging in marketing efforts, less is known
about the effectiveness of these marketing techniques on in-the-moment decision-making. We
designed an experiment to determine if a simple solution of using just-in-time persuasive
messaging could influence participants' eating habits and what types of messaging could be most
effective in this effort. Our solution utilizes a head-mounted display to present health-based
messages to users as they make real-time snack choices. We are able show that this method is
effective and more feasible than current efforts to influence eating habits.

April 2016

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183. GlassProv Improv

Comedy System

Pattie Maes, Scott Greenwald, Baratunde Thurston and Cultivated Wit

184. HandsOn: A Gestural

System for Remote
Collaboration Using
Augmented Reality

Kevin Wong and Pattie Maes

185. HRQR

Valentin Heun, Eythor Runar Eiriksson

As part of a Google-sponsored Glass developer event, we created a Glass-enabled improv

comedy show together with noted comedians from ImprovBoston and Big Bang Improv. The
actors, all wearing Glass, received cues in real time in the course of their improvisation. In contrast
with the traditional model for improv comedy, punctuated by "freezing" and audience members
shouting suggestions, using Glass allowed actors to seamlessly integrate audience suggestions.
Actors and audience members agreed that this was a fresh take on improv comedy. It was a
powerful demonstration that cues on Glass are suitable for performance: actors could become
aware of the cues without having their concentration or flow interrupted, and then view them at an
appropriate time thereafter.

2D screens, even stereoscopic ones, limit our ability to interact with and collaborate on 3D data.
We believe that an augmented reality solution, where 3D data is seamlessly integrated in the real
world, is promising. We are exploring a collaborative augmented reality system for visualizing and
manipulating 3D data using a head-mounted, see-through display, that allows for communication
and data manipulation using simple hand gestures.

HRQR is a visual Human and Machine Readable Quick Response Code that can replace usual 2D
barcode and QR Code applications. The code can be read by humans in the same way it can be
read by machines. Instead of relying on a computational error correction, the system allows a
human to read the message and therefore is able to reinterpret errors in the visual image. The
design is highly inspired by a 2,000 year-old Arabic calligraphy called Kufic.

186. Invisibilia: Revealing

Invisible Data as a Tool
for Experiential
Learning

Pattie Maes, Judith Amores Fernandez and Xavier Benavides Palos

187. JaJan!: Remote

Language Learning in
Shared Virtual Space

Kevin Wong, Takako Aikawa and Pattie Maes

188. KickSoul: A Wearable

System for Foot
Interactions with Digital
Devices

Pattie Maes, Joseph A. Paradiso, Xavier Benavides Palos and Chang Long Zhu Jin

189. LuminAR

Natan Linder, Pattie Maes and Rony Kubat

Invisibilia seeks to explore the use of Augmented Reality (AR), head-mounted displays (HMD),
and depth cameras to create a system that makes invisible data from our environment visible,
combining widely accessible hardware to visualize layers of information on top of the physical
world. Using our implemented prototype, the user can visualize, interact with, and modify
properties of sound waves in real time by using intuitive hand gestures. Thus, the system supports
experiential learning about certain physics phenomena through observation and hands-on
experimentation.

JaJan! is a telepresence system wherein remote users can learn a second language together
while sharing the same virtual environment. JaJan! can support five aspects of language learning:
learning in context; personalization of learning materials; learning with cultural information;
enacting language-learning scenarios; and supporting creativity and collaboration. Although JaJan!
is still in an early stage, we are confident that it will bring profound changes to the ways in which
we experience language learning and can make a great contribution to the field of second
language education.

KickSoul is a wearable device that maps natural foot movements into inputs for digital devices. It
consists of an insole with embedded sensors that track movements and trigger actions in devices
that surround us. We present a novel approach to use our feet as input devices in mobile
situations when our hands are busy. We analyze the foot's natural movements and their meaning
before activating an action.

LuminAR reinvents the traditional incandescent bulb and desk lamp, evolving them into a new
category of robotic, digital information devices. The LuminAR Bulb combines a Pico-projector,
camera, and wireless computer in a compact form factor. This self-contained system enables
users with just-in-time projected information and a gestural user interface, and it can be screwed
into standard light fixtures everywhere. The LuminAR Lamp is an articulated robotic arm, designed
to interface with the LuminAR Bulb. Both LuminAR form factors dynamically augment their
environments with media and information, while seamlessly connecting with laptops, mobile
phones, and other electronic devices. LuminAR transforms surfaces and objects into interactive
spaces that blend digital media and information with the physical space. The project radically
rethinks the design of traditional lighting objects, and explores how we can endow them with novel
augmented-reality interfaces.

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190. MARS: Manufacturing

Augmented Reality
System

Rony Daniel Kubat, Natan Linder, Ben Weissmann, Niaja Farve, Yihui Saw and Pattie Maes

191. Move Your Glass

Niaja Farve and Pattie Maes

Projected augmented reality in the manufacturing plant can increase worker productivity, reduce
errors, gamify the workspace to increase worker satisfaction, and collect detailed metrics. We
have built new LuminAR hardware customized for the needs of the manufacturing plant and
software for a specific manufacturing use case.

Move Your Glass is an activity and behavior tracker that also tries to increase wellness by nudging
the wearer to engage in positive behaviors.

192. Open Hybrid

Valentin Heun, Shunichi Kasahara, James Hobin, Kevin Wong, Michelle Suh, Benjamin F
Reynolds, Marc Teyssier, Eva Stern-Rodriguez, Afika A Nyati, Kenny Friedman, Anissa
Talantikite, Andrew Mendez, Jessica Laughlin, Pattie Maes
Open Hybrid is an open source augmented reality platform for physical computing and Internet of
Things. It is based on the web and Arduino.

193. PsychicVR

Pattie Maes, Judith Amores Fernandez, Xavier Benavides Palos and Daniel Novy
PsychicVR integrates a brain-computer interface device and virtual reality headset to improve
mindfulness while enjoying a playful immersive experience. The fantasy that any of us could have
superhero powers has always inspired us, and by using Virtual Reality and real-time brain activity
sensing we are moving one step closer to making this dream real. We non-invasively monitor and
record electrical activity of the brain and incorporate this data in the VR experience using an
Oculus Rift and the MUSE headband. By sensing brain waves using a series of EEG sensors, the
level of activity is fed back to the user via 3D content in the virtual environment. When users are
focused, they are able to make changes in the 3D environment and control their powers. Our
system increases mindfulness and helps achieve higher levels of concentration while entertaining
the user.

194. Reality Editor

Valentin Heun, Eva Stern-Rodriguez, Marc Teyssier, Shuo Yan, Kevin Wong, Michelle Suh
The Reality Editor is a new kind of tool for empowering you to connect and manipulate the
functionality of physical objects. Just point the camera of your smartphone at an object and its
invisible capabilities will become visible for you to edit. Drag a virtual line from one object to
another and create a new relationship between these objects. With this simplicity, you are able to
master the entire scope of connected objects.

195. Remot-IO: A System for

Reaching into the
Environment of a
Remote Collaborator

Judith Amores Fernandez, Xavier Benavides Palos and Pattie Maes

196. Scanner Grabber

Tal Achituv

Remot-IO is a system for mobile collaboration and remote assistance around Internet-connected
devices. It uses two head-mounted displays, cameras, and depth sensors to enable a remote
expert to be immersed in a local user's point of view, and to control devices in that user's
environment. The remote expert can provide guidance through hand gestures that appear in real
time in the local user's field of view as superimposed 3D hands. In addition, the remote expert can
operate devices in the novice's environment and bring about physical changes by using the same
hand gestures the novice would use. We describe a smart radio where the knobs of the radio can
be controlled by local and remote users. Moreover, the user can visualize, interact, and modify
properties of sound waves in real time by using intuitive hand gestures.

Scanner Grabber is a digital police scanner that enables reporters to record, playback, and export
audio, as well as archive public safety radio (scanner) conversations. Like a TiVo for scanners, it's
an update on technology that has been stuck in the last century. It's a great tool for newsrooms.
For instance, a problem for reporters is missing the beginning of an important police incident
because they have stepped away from their desk at the wrong time. Scanner Grabber solves this
because conversations can be played back. Also, snippets of exciting audio, for instance a police
chase, can be exported and embedded online. Reporters can listen to files while writing stories, or
listen to older conversations to get a more nuanced grasp of police practices or long-term trouble
spots. Editors and reporters can use the tool for collaborating, or crowdsourcing/public
collaboration.

197. ScreenSpire

Pattie Maes, Tal Achituv, Chang Long Zhu Jin and Isa Sobrinho
Screen interactions have been shown to contribute to increases in stress, anxiety, and deficiencies
in breathing patterns. Since better respiration patterns can have a positive impact on wellbeing,
ScreenSpire improves respiration patterns during information work using subliminal biofeedback.
By using subtle graphical variations that are tuned to attempt to influence the user subconsciously

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user distraction and cognitive load are minimized. To enable a true seamless interaction, we have
adapted an RF based sensor (ResMed S+ sleep sensor) to serve as a screen-mounted
contact-free and respiration sensor. Traditionally, respiration sensing is achieved with either
invasive or on-skin sensors (such as a chest belt); having a contact-free sensor contributes to
increased ease, comfort, and user compliance, since no special actions are required from the
user.

198. ShowMe: Immersive

Remote Collaboration
System with 3D Hand
Gestures

Pattie Maes, Judith Amores Fernandez and Xavier Benavides Palos

199. Skrin

Pattie Maes, Joseph A. Paradiso, Xin Liu and Katia Vega

ShowMe is an immersive mobile collaboration system that allows remote users to communicate
with peers using video, audio, and gestures. With this research, we explore the use of
head-mounted displays and depth sensor cameras to create a system that (1) enables remote
users to be immersed in another person's view, and (2) offers a new way of sending and receiving
the guidance of an expert through 3D hand gestures. With our system, both users are surrounded
in the same physical environment and can perceive real-time inputs from each other.

Skrin is an skin interface that helps users express themselves using different hand gestures. To
achieve that, we use lighting (on hands) as our language. This project is part of the course Sci
Fab: Science Fiction-Inspired Prototyping.

200. SmileCatcher

Niaja Farve and Pattie Maes

Our hectic and increasingly digital lives can have a negative effect on our health and wellbeing.
Some authors have argued that we socialize less frequently with other people in person and that
people feel increasingly lonely. Loneliness has been shown to significantly affect health and
wellbeing in a negative way. To combat this, we designed a game, SmileCatcher, which
encourages players to engage in in-person, social interactions and get others to smile. Participants
wear a device that takes regular pictures of what is in front of them and the system analyzes the
pictures captured to detect the number of smiles.

201. STEM Accessibility

Tool

Pattie Maes and Rahul Namdev

202. TagMe

Pattie Maes, Judith Amores Fernandez and Xavier Benavides Palos

We are developing a very intuitive and interactive platform to make complex

information--especially science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) material--truly
accessible to blind and visually impaired students by using a tactile device with no loss of
information compared with printed materials. A key goal of this project is to develop tactile
information-mapping protocols through which the tactile interface can best convey educational and
other graphical materials.

TagMe is an end-user toolkit for easy creation of responsive objects and environments. It consists
of a wearable device that recognizes the object or surface the user is touching. The user can make
everyday objects come to life through the use of RFID tag stickers, which are read by an RFID
bracelet whenever the user touches the object. We present a novel approach to create simple and
customizable rules based on emotional attachment to objects and social interactions of people.
Using this simple technology, the user can extend their application interfaces to include physical
objects and surfaces into their personal environment, allowing people to communicate through
everyday objects in very low-effort ways.

203. The Challenge

Natasha Jaques, Niaja Farve, Pattie Maes and Rosalind W. Picard

Mental wellbeing is intimately tied to both social support and physical activity. The Challenge is a
tool aimed at promoting social connections and decreasing sedentary activity in a workplace
environment. Our system asks participants to sign up for short physical challenges and pairs them
with a partner to perform the activity. Social obligation and social consensus are leveraged to
promote participation. Two experiments were conducted in which participants overall activity
levels were monitored with a fitness tracker. In the first study, we show that the system can
improve users' physical activity, decrease sedentary time, and promote social connection. As part
of the second study, we provide a detailed social network analysis of the participants,
demonstrating that users physical activity and participation depends strongly on their social
community.

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204. WATCH
NEW LISTING

Pattie Maes and Niaja Farve

WATCH is a system that attempts to measure the possible influence that a new time-management
interface will have on improving the habits of a user. Users set goals for each of the activities
detected by the app. Detected activities include physical activity and time spent in pre-defined
locations. An Andriod app (WATCH) on their personal phones is able to track their activities
(running, walking, and sitting) as well as their GPS location. Their progress in comparison to their
goals is displayed on their home screens as a pie chart.

Neri Oxman: Mediated Matter

Designing for, with, and by nature.

205. 3D Printing of
Functionally Graded
Materials

Neri Oxman and Steven Keating

206. Additive Manufacturing

in Glass:
Electrosintering and
Spark Gap Glass

Neri Oxman, Steven Keating, John Klein

207. Anthozoa

Neri Oxman

Functionally graded materials--materials with spatially varying composition or microstructure--are

omnipresent in nature. From palm trees with radial density gradients, to the spongy trabeculae
structure of bone, to the hardness gradient found in many types of beaks, graded materials offer
material and structural efficiency. But in man-made structures such as concrete pillars, materials
are typically volumetrically homogenous. While using homogenous materials allows for ease of
production, improvements in strength, weight, and material usage can be obtained by designing
with functionally graded materials. To achieve graded material objects, we are working to construct
a 3D printer capable of dynamic mixing of composition material. Starting with concrete and
UV-curable polymers, we aim to create structures, such as a bone-inspired beam, which have
functionally graded materials. This research was sponsored by the NSF EAGER award:
Bio-Beams: FGM Digital Design & Fabrication.

Our initial experiments in spark electrosintering fabrication have demonstrated a capacity to

solidify granular materials (35-88 micron soda ash glass powder) rapidly using high voltages and
power in excess of 1 kW. The testbed high-voltage setup comprises a 220V 60A variable
autotransformer and a 14,400V line transformer. There are two methods to form members using
electrosintering: the one-electrode drag (1ED) and two-electrode drag (2ED) techniques. The 1ED
leaves the first electrode static while dragging the second through the granular mixture. This
maintains a live current through the drag path and increases the thickness of the member due to
the dissipation of heat. Large member elements have been produced with a tube diameter of
around 0.75". The 2ED method pulls both electrodes through the granular mixture together,
sintering the material between the electrodes in a more controlled manner.

A 3D-printed dress was debuted during Paris Fashion Week Spring 2013 as part of collaboration
with fashion designer Iris Van Herpen for her show "Voltage." The 3D-printed skirt and cape were
produced using Stratasys' unique Objet Connex multi-material 3D printing technology, which
allows a variety of material properties to be printed in a single build. This allowed both hard and
soft materials to be incorporated within the design, crucial to the movement and texture of the
piece. Core contributers include: Iris Van Herpen, fashion designer (Amsterdam); Keren Oxman,
artist and designer (NY); and W. Craig Carter (Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
MIT). Fabricated by Stratasys.

208. Beast

Neri Oxman
Beast is an organic-like entity created synthetically by the incorporation of physical parameters into
digital form-generation protocols. A single continuous surface, acting both as structure and as skin,
is locally modulated for both structural support and corporeal aid. Beast combines structural,
environmental, and corporeal performance by adapting its thickness, pattern density, stiffness,
flexibility, and translucency to load, curvature, and skin-pressured areas respectively.

209. Bots of Babel

Neri Oxman, Jorge Duro-Royo, Markus Kayser, Jared Laucks and Laia Mogas-Soldevila
The Biblical story of the Tower of Babel involved a deliberate plan hatched by mankind to
construct a platform from which man could fight God. The tower represented the first documented
attempt at constructing a vertical city. The divine response to the master plan was to sever
communication by instilling a different language in each builder. Tragically, the building's ultimate
destruction came about through the breakdown of communications between its fabricators. In this

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installation we redeem the Tower of Babel by creating its antithesis. We will construct a virtuous,
decentralized, yet highly communicative building environment of cable-suspended fabrication bots
that together build structures bigger than themselves. We explore themes of asynchronous motion,
multi-nodal fabrication, lightweight additive manufacturing, and the emergence of form through
fabrication. (With contributions from Carlos Gonzalez Uribe and Dr. James Weaver (WYSS
Institute and Harvard University))

210. Building-Scale 3D
Printing

Neri Oxman, Steven Keating and John Klein

211. Carpal Skin

Neri Oxman

How can additive fabrication technologies be scaled to building-sized construction? We introduce

a novel method of mobile swarm printing that allows small robotic agents to construct large
structures. The robotic agents extrude a fast-curing material which doubles as both a concrete
mold for structural walls and as a thermal insulation layer. This technique offers many benefits
over traditional construction methods, such as speed, custom geometry, and cost. As well, direct
integration of building utilities such as wiring and plumbing can be incorporated into the printing
process. This research was sponsored by the NSF EAGER award: Bio-Beams: FGM Digital
Design & Fabrication.

Carpal Skin is a prototype for a protective glove to protect against Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, a
medical condition in which the median nerve is compressed at the wrist, leading to numbness,
muscle atrophy, and weakness in the hand. Night-time wrist splinting is the recommended
treatment for most patients before going into carpal tunnel release surgery. Carpal Skin is a
process by which to map the pain-profile of a particular patient--its intensity and duration--and to
distribute hard and soft materials to fit the patient's anatomical and physiological requirements,
limiting movement in a customized fashion. The form-generation process is inspired by animal
coating patterns in the control of stiffness variation.

212. CNSILK: Computer

Numerically Controlled
Silk Cocoon
Construction

Neri Oxman

213. Digitally Reconfigurable

Surface

Neri Oxman and Benjamin Peters

214. FABRICOLOGY:
Variable-Property 3D
Printing as a Case for
Sustainable Fabrication

Neri Oxman

CNSILK explores the design and fabrication potential of silk fibers inspired by silkworm
cocoons for the construction of woven habitats. It explores a novel approach to the design and
fabrication of silk-based building skins by controlling the mechanical and physical properties of
spatial structures inherent in their microstructures using multi-axis fabrication. The method offers
construction without assembly, such that material properties vary locally to accommodate for
structural and environmental requirements. This approach stands in contrast to functional
assemblies and kinetically actuated facades which require a great deal of energy to operate, and
are typically maintained by global control. Such material architectures could simultaneously bear
structural load, change their transparency so as to control light levels within a spatial compartment
(building or vehicle), and open and close embedded pores so as to ventilate a space.

The digitally reconfigurable surface is a pin matrix apparatus for directly creating rigid 3D surfaces
from a computer-aided design (CAD) input. A digital design is uploaded into the device, and a grid
of thousands of tiny pins, much like the popular pin-art toy are actuated to form the desired
surface. A rubber sheet is held by vacuum pressure onto the tops of the pins to smooth out the
surface they form; this strong surface can then be used for industrial forming operations, simple
resin casting, and many other applications. The novel phase-changing electronic clutch array
allows the device to have independent position control over thousands of discrete pins with only a
single motorized "push plate," lowering the complexity and manufacturing cost of this type of
device. Research is ongoing into new actuation techniques to further lower the cost and increase
the surface resolution of this technology.

Rapid prototyping technologies speed product design by facilitating visualization and testing of
prototypes. However, such machines are limited to using one material at a time; even high-end 3D
printers, which accommodate the deposition of multiple materials, must do so discretely and not in
mixtures. This project aims to build a proof-of-concept of a 3D printer able to dynamically mix and
vary the ratios of different materials in order to produce a continuous gradient of material
properties with real-time correspondence to structural and environmental constraints.
Alumni Contributors: Mindy Eng, William J. Mitchell and Rachel Fong

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215. FitSocket:
Measurement for
Attaching Objects to
People

Arthur Petron, Hugh Herr and Neri Oxman

A better understanding of the biomechanics of human tissue allows for better attachment of
load-bearing objects to people. Think of shoes, ski boots, car seats, orthotics, and more. We are
focusing on prosthetic sockets, the cup-shaped devices that attach an amputated limb to a
lower-limb prosthesis, which currently are made through unscientific, artisanal methods that do not
have repeatable quality and comfort from one individual to the next. The FitSocket project aims to
identify the correlation between leg tissue properties and the design of a comfortable socket. The
FitSocket is a robotic socket measurement device that directly measures tissue properties. With
these data, we can rapid-prototype test sockets and socket molds in order to make rigid, spatially
variable stiffness, and spatially/temporally variable stiffness sockets.
Alumni Contributor: Elizabeth Tsai

216. Functionally Graded

Filament-Wound
Carbon-Fiber Prosthetic
Sockets

Neri Oxman, Carlos Gonzalez Uribe and Hugh Herr and the Biomechatronics group

217. G3P

Neri Oxman, Markus Kayser, John Klein, Chikara Inamura, Daniel Lizardo, Giorgia Franchin,
Michael Stern, Shreya Dave, Peter Houk, MIT Glass Lab

Prosthetic Sockets belong to a family of orthoic devices designed for amputee rehabilitation and
performance augmentation. Although such products are fabricated out of lightweight composite
materials and designed for optimal shape and size, they are limited in their capacity to offer local
control of material properties for optimizing load distribution and ergonomic fit over surface and
volume areas. Our research offers a novel workflow to enable the digital design and fabrication of
customized prosthetic sockets with variable impedance informed by MRI data. We implement
parametric environments to enable the controlled distribution of functional gradients of a
filament-wound carbon fiber socket.

Digital design and construction technologies for product and building scale are generally limited in
their capacity to deliver multi-functional building skins. Recent advancements in additive
manufacturing and digital fabrication at large are today enabling the fabrication of multiple
materials with combinations of mechanical, electrical, and optical properties; however, most of
these materials are non-structural and cannot scale to architectural applications. Operating at the
intersection of additive manufacturing, biology, and architectural design, the Glass Printing project
is an enabling technology for optical glass 3D printing at architectural scale designed to
manufacture multi-functional glass structures and facade elements. The platform deposits molten
glass in a layer-by-layer (FDM) fashion, implementing numerical control of tool paths, and it allows
for controlled optical variation across surface and volume areas.

218. G3P 2.0

Chikara Inamura, Daniel Lizardo, Michael Stern, Pierre-Thomas Brun, Peter Houk, Neri
Oxman
The G3P 2.0 platform sets itself apart from traditional 3D printers, industrial glass forming devices,
and its own predecessor G3P 1.0 by a fundamental restructuring of architecture and
computer-aided machining (CAM) process based on the material properties of silicate glass. Glass
is an extreme material. Working temperature range, viscosity, and thermal stress are sufficiently
high that we must rethink the glass deposition forming process using new expertise on material
behavior. The aim is to produce a platform that is less a printer, in the conventional sense, but
rather, a freeform fabrication tool for glass. What results is a truly novel fabrication platform making
use of a dynamic thermal and flow control system, digitally integrated with a four-axis motion
system. The material fundamentally drives how the machine is used, and in return, the machine
can change how glass is formed and used.

219. Gemini

Neri Oxman with Le Laboratoire (David Edwards, Founder), Stratasys, and SITU Fabrication
Gemini is an acoustical "twin chaise" spanning multiple scales of human existence, from the womb
to the stretches of the Gemini zodiac. We are exploring interactions between pairs: sonic and solar
environments, natural and synthetic materials, hard and soft sensations, and subtractive and
additive fabrication. Made of two material elements--a solid wood milled shell housing and an
intricate cellular skin made of sound-absorbing material--the chaise forms a semi-enclosed space
surrounding the human with a stimulation-free environment, recapitulating the ultimate quiet of the
womb. It is the first design to implement Stratasys' Connex3 technology using 44 materials with
different pre-set mechanical combinations varying in rigidity, opacity, and color as a function of
geometrical, structural, and acoustical constraints. This calming and still experience of being inside
the chaise is an antidote to the stimuli-rich world in which we live.

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220. Lichtenberg 3D Printing

Neri Oxman and Steven Keating

Generating 3D Lichtenberg structures in sintered media (i.e. glass) using electricity offers a new
approach to digital fabrication. By robotically controlling the electrodes, a digital form can be
rapidly fabricated with the benefits of a fine fractal structure. There are numerous applications,
ranging from chemical catalysts, to fractal antennas, to product design.

221. Living Mushtari

Neri Oxman, Will Patrick, Steven Keating, Sunanda Sharma; Stratasys; Christoph Bader
and Dominik Kolb; Pamela Silver and Stephanie Hays (Harvard Medical School); and Dr.
James Weaver
How can we design relationships between the most primitive and sophisticated life forms? Can we
design wearables embedded with synthetic microorganisms that can enhance and augment
biological functionality, and generate consumable energy when exposed to the sun? We explored
these questions through the creation of Mushtari, a 3D-printed wearable with 58 meters of internal
fluid channels. Designed to function as a microbial factory, Mushtari uses synthetic
microorganisms to convert sunlight into useful products for the wearer, engineering a symbiotic
relationship between two bacteria: photosynthetic cyanobacteria and E. coli. The cyanobacteria
convert sunlight to sucrose, and E. coli convert sucrose to useful products such as pigments,
drugs, food, fuel, and scents. This form of symbiosis, known as co-culture, is a phenomenon
commonly found in nature. Mushtari is part of the Wanderers collection, an astrobiological
exploration dedicated to medieval astronomers who explored worlds beyond by visiting worlds
within.

222. Meta-Mesh:
Computational Model
for Design and
Fabrication of
Biomimetic Scaled
Body Armors

Neri Oxman, Jorge Duro-Royo, and Laia Mogas-Soldevila

223. Micro-Macro Fluidic

Fabrication of a
Mid-Sole Running Shoe

Neri Oxman and Carlos Gonzalez Uribe

224. Mobile Digital

Construction Platform
(MDCP)

Altec, BASF, Neri Oxman, Steven Keating, John Klein, Julian Leland and Nathan Spielberg

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A collaboration between Professor Christine Ortiz (project lead), Professor Mary C. Boyce, Katia
Zolotovsky, and Swati Varshaney (MIT). Operating at the intersection of biomimetic design and
additive manufacturing, this research proposes a computational approach for designing
multifunctional scaled-armors that offer structural protection and flexibility in movement. Inspired
by the segmented exoskeleton of Polypterus senegalus, an ancient fish, we have developed a
hierarchical computational model that emulates structure-function relationships found in the
biological exoskeleton. Our research provides a methodology for the generation of biomimetic
protective surfaces using segmented, articulated components that maintain user mobility alongside
full-body coverage of doubly curved surfaces typical of the human body. The research is
supported by the MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, the Institute for Collaborative
Biotechnologies, and the National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship Program.

Micro-Macro Fluidic Fabrication (MMFF) enables the control of mechanical properties through the
design of non-linear lattices embedded within multi-material matrices. At its core it is a hybrid
technique that integrates molding, casting, and macro-fluidics. Its workflow allows for the
fabrication of complex matrices with geometrical channels injected with polymers of different
pre-set mechanical combinations. This novel fabrication technique is implemented in the design
and fabrication of a midsole running shoe. The goal is to passively tune material stiffness across
surface area in order to absorb the impact force of the user's body weight relative to the ground,
and enhance the direction of the foot-strike impulse force relative to the center of body mass.

The MDCP is an in-progress research project consisting of a compound robotic arm system. The
system comprises a 6-axis KUKA robotic arm attached to the endpoint of a 3-axis Altec hydraulic
boom arm, which is mounted on a mobile platform. Akin to the biological model of the human
shoulder and hand, this compound system utilizes the large boom arm for gross positioning and
the small robotic arm for fine positioning and oscillation correction, respectively. Potential
applications include fabrication of non-standard architectural forms, integration of real-time on-site
sensing data, improvements in construction efficiency, enhanced resolution, lower error rates, and
increased safety.

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225. Monocoque

Neri Oxman
French for "single shell," Monocoque stands for a construction technique that supports structural
load using an object's external skin. Contrary to the traditional design of building skins that
distinguish between internal structural frameworks and non-bearing skin elements, this approach
promotes heterogeneity and differentiation of material properties. The project demonstrates the
notion of a structural skin using a Voronoi pattern, the density of which corresponds to multi-scalar
loading conditions. The distribution of shear-stress lines and surface pressure is embodied in the
allocation and relative thickness of the vein-like elements built into the skin. Its innovative 3D
printing technology provides for the ability to print parts and assemblies made of multiple materials
within a single build, as well as to create composite materials that present preset combinations of
mechanical properties.

226. PCB Origami

Neri Oxman and Yoav Sterman

The PCB Origami project is an innovative concept for printing digital materials and creating 3D
objects with Rigid-flex PCBs and pick-and-place machines. These machines allow printing of
digital electronic materials, while controlling the location and property of each of the components
printed. By combining this technology with Rigid-flex PCB and computational origami, it is possible
to create from a single sheet of PCB almost any 3D shape that is already embedded with
electronics, to produce a finished product with that will be both structural and functional.

227. Printing Living

Materials

Neri Oxman, Will Patrick, Sunanda Sharma, Steven Keating, Steph Hays, Elonore Tham,
Professor Pam Silver, and Professor Tim Lu
How can biological organisms be incorporated into product, fashion, and architectural design to
enable the generation of multi-functional, responsive, and highly adaptable objects? This research
pursues the intersection of synthetic biology, digital fabrication, and design. Our goal is to
incorporate engineered biological organisms into inorganic and organic materials to vary material
properties in space and time. We aim to use synthetic biology to engineer organisms with varied
output functionalities and digital fabrication tools to pattern these organisms and induce their
specific capabilities with spatiotemporal precision.

228. Printing Multi-Material

3D Microfluidics

Neri Oxman, Steven Keating, Will Patrick and David Sun Kong (MIT Lincoln Laboratory)

229. Rapid Craft

Neri Oxman

Computation and fabrication in biology occur in aqueous environments. Through on-chip mixing,
analysis, and fabrication, microfluidic chips have introduced new possibilities in biology for over
two decades. Existing construction processes for microfluidics use complex, cumbersome, and
expensive lithography methods that produce single-material, multi-layered 2D chips. Multi-material
3D printing presents a promising alternative to existing methods that would allow microfluidics to
be fabricated in a single step with functionally graded material properties. We aim to create
multi-material microfluidic devices using additive manufacturing to replicate current devices, such
as valves and ring mixers, and to explore new possibilities enabled by 3D geometries and
functionally graded materials. Applications range from medicine to genetic engineering to product
design.

The values endorsed by vernacular architecture have traditionally promoted designs constructed
and informed by and for the environment, while using local knowledge and indigenous materials.
Under the imperatives and growing recognition of sustainable design, Rapid Craft seeks
integration between local construction techniques and globally available digital design
technologies to preserve, revive, and reshape these cultural traditions.

230. Raycounting

Neri Oxman
Raycounting is a method for generating customized light-shading constructions by registering the
intensity and orientation of light rays within a given environment. 3D surfaces of double curvature
are the result of assigning light parameters to flat planes. The algorithm calculates the intensity,
position, and direction of one or multiple light sources placed in a given environment, and assigns
local curvature values to each point in space corresponding to the reference plane and the light
dimension. Light performance analysis tools are reconstructed programmatically to allow for
morphological synthesis based on intensity, frequency, and polarization of light parameters as
defined by the user.

MIT Media Lab

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231. Silk Pavilion

Neri Oxman, Jorge Duro-Royo, Carlos Gonzalez, Markus Kayser, and Jared Laucks, with
James Weaver (Wyss Institute, Harvard University) and Fiorenzo Omenetto (Tufts
University)
The Silk Pavilion explores the relationship between digital and biological fabrication. The primary
structure was created from 26 polygonal panels made of silk threads laid down by a CNC
(Computer-Numerically Controlled) machine. Inspired by the silkworm's ability to generate a 3D
cocoon out of a single multi-property silk thread, the pavilion's overall geometry was created using
an algorithm that assigns a single continuous thread across patches, providing various degrees of
density. Overall density variation was informed by deploying the silkworm as a biological "printer"
in the creation of a secondary structure. Positioned at the bottom rim of the scaffold, 6,500
silkworms spun flat, non-woven silk patches as they locally reinforced the gaps across
CNC-deposited silk fibers. Affected by spatial and environmental conditions (geometrical density,
variation in natural light and heat), the silkworms were found to migrate to darker and denser
areas.

232. SpiderBot

Neri Oxman and Benjamin Peters

The SpiderBot is a suspended robotic gantry system that provides an easily deployable platform
from which to print large structures. The body is composed of a deposition nozzle, a reservoir of
material, and parallel linear actuators. The robot is connected to stable points high in the
environment, such as large trees or buildings. This arrangement is capable of moving large
distances without the need for more conventional linear guides, much like a spider does. The
system is easy to set up for mobile projects, and will afford sufficient printing resolution and build
volume. Expanding foam can be deposited to create a building-scale printed object rapidly.
Another material type of interest is the extrusion or spinning of tension elements, like rope or
cable. With tension elements, unique structures such as bridges or webs can be wrapped, woven,
or strung around environmental features or previously printed materials.

233. Synthetic Apiary

NEW LISTING

234. Water-Based Additive

Manufacturing

Neri Oxman, Jorge Duro-Royo, Markus Kayser, Sunanda Sharma, Dr. James Weaver (Wyss
Institute); Dr. Anne Madden; Dr. Noah Wilson-Rich (Best Bees Company)
The Synthetic Apiary proposes a new kind of environment, bridging urban and organismic scales
by exploring one of the most important organisms for both the human species and our planet:
bees. We explore the cohabitation of humans and other species through the creation of a
controlled atmosphere and associated behavioral paradigms. The project facilitates Mediated
Matter s ongoing research into biologically augmented digital fabrication with eusocial insect
communities in architectural, and possibly urban, scales. Many animal communities in nature
present collective behaviors known as swarming," prioritizing group survival over individuals, and
constantly working to achieve a common goal. Often, swarms of organisms are skilled builders; for
example, ants can create extremely complex networks by tunneling, and wasps can generate
intricate paper nests with materials sourced from local areas.
Neri Oxman, Jorge Duro-Royo, and Laia Mogas-Soldevila, in collaboration with Dr. Javier G.
Fernandez (Wyss Institute, Harvard University)
This research presents water-based robotic fabrication as a design approach and enabling
technology for additive manufacturing (AM) of biodegradable hydrogel composites. We focus on
expanding the dimensions of the fabrication envelope, developing structural materials for additive
deposition, incorporating material-property gradients, and manufacturing architectural-scale
biodegradable systems. The technology includes a robotically controlled AM system to produce
biodegradable composite objects, combining natural hydrogels with other organic aggregates. It
demonstrates the approach by designing, building, and evaluating the mechanics and controls of a
multi-chamber extrusion system. Finally, it provides evidence of large-scale composite objects
fabricated by our technology that display graded properties and feature sizes ranging from microto macro-scale. Fabricated objects may be chemically stabilized or dissolved in water and recycled
within minutes. Applications include the fabrication of fully recyclable products or temporary
architectural components, such as tent structures with graded mechanical and optical properties.

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April 2016

MIT Media Lab

Sputniko!: Design Fiction

Sparking discussion about the social, cultural, and ethical implications of emerging
technologies through design and storytelling.

235. (Im)possible Baby

Ai Hasegawa, Sputniko!, Asako Makimura and Moriga

(Im)possible Baby is a speculative design project that aims to stimulate discussions about the
social, cultural, and ethical implications of emerging biotechnologies that could enable same-sex
couples to have their own, genetically related children. Delivering a baby from same-sex parents is
not a sci-fi dream anymore, due to recent developments in genetics and stem cell research. In this
project, the DNA data of a lesbian couple was analyzed using 23andme to simulate and visualize
their potential children, and then we created a set of fictional, what if" future family photos using
this information to produce a hardcover album which was presented to the couple as a gift. To
achieve more public outreach, we worked with the Japanese national television service, NHK, to
create a 30-minute documentary film following the whole process, which aired in October 2015.

236. CremateBot: Transform,

Reborn, Free

Dan Chen

237. Digital Pregnancy

Through Domestic
Objects

Dan Chen

NEW LISTING

238. Nostalgic Touch

CremateBot is an apparatus that takes in human-body samples such as fingernails, hair, or dead
skin and turns them into ashes through the cremation process. The process of converting human
remains to ashes becomes a critical experience for observers, causing witnesses to question their
sense of existence and physical self through the conversion process. CremateBot transforms our
physical self and celebrates our rebirth through self-regeneration. The transformation and rebirth
open our imagination to go beyond our physical self and cross the span of time. Similar to
Theseus' paradox, the dead human cells which at one point were considered part of our physical
selves and helped to define our sense of existence are continually replaced with newly generated
cells. With recent advancements in implants, biomechatronics, and bioengineered organs, how we
define ourselves is increasingly blurred.

Driven female professionals often choose to pursue their careers in lieu of having children. For
many of them, strategies of surrogacy or freezing eggs are popular options not only because of
available technological advancements, but also because of shifts in cultural perspective enabled
by a new biotechnical regime. The dichotomy that forces an either/or divide between motherhood
and career can be seen as a modern form of regulatory control on women. The question of
reproduction becomes a matter of our bio-techno-capitalist society as a confine of women s voices
and freedom. Companies such as Facebook and Apple have recently offered to pay female
employees to freeze their eggs so they can continue with their careers, without interrupting their
dreams of having children. However, there still remain many ethical, social, and political dilemmas
which exist with surrogacy, questions that must be posed to the public.
Dan Chen
Nostalgic Touch proposes a new ritual for remembering the deceased in the digital and
multicultural age. It is an apparatus that captures hand motions and attempts to replicate the
sensation of intimacy or affection by playing back the comforting gestures. It stores gesture data of
the people you cared about, then plays them back after they are gone. Similar to rituals in all
religions, it gives us a sense of comfort in coping with the death. People in Japan, Singapore, and
China live with high standards of technology, but many embrace religious rituals and superstitions
as an important part of their wellbeing and decision-making. Nostalgic Touch explores how
emerging technologies could be used to enrich the experience of these rituals. How could we
augment these rituals to give an even better sense of comfort and intimacy?

239. Open Source Estrogen

Mary Tsang
Open Source Estrogen combines do-it-yourself science, body and gender politics, and ethics of
hormonal manipulation. The goal of the project is to create an open source protocol for estrogen
biosynthesis. The kitchen is a politically charged space, prescribed to women as their proper
dwelling, making it the appropriate place to prepare an estrogen synthesis recipe. With recent
developments in the field of synthetic biology, the customized kitchen laboratory may be a
ubiquitous possibility in the near future. Open-access estrogen would allow women and
transgender females to exercise greater control over their bodies by circumventing governments
and institutions. We want to ask: What are the biopolitics governing our bodies? More importantly,
is it ethical to self-administer self-synthesized hormones?

MIT Media Lab

April 2016

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240. Pop Roach

Ai Hasegawa
Facing issues of food crisis by overpopulation, this project explores a possible future where a
small community of activists arises to design an edible cockroach that can survive in harsh
environments. These genetically modified roaches are designed to pass their genes to the next
generations; thus the awful black and brown roaches will be pushed to extinction by the newly
designed, cute, colorful, tasty, and highly nutritional "pop roach." The color of these "pop roaches"
corresponds to a different flavor, nutrition, and function, while the original ones remain black or
brown, and not recommended to be eaten. How will genetic engineering shift our perception of
food and eating habits? Pop Roach explores how we can expand our perception of cuisine to
solve some of the world's most pressing problems.

241. Red Silk of

FateTamaki's Crush
NEW LISTING

242. TrancefloraAmy's
Glowing Silk

Sputniko!
Red String of Fate is an East Asian mythology in which gods tie an invisible red string between
those that are destined to be together. Sputniko! has collaborated with scientists from NIAS to
geneticallyengineer silkworms to spin this mythical 'Red String of Fate' by inserting genes that
produce oxytocin, a social-bonding 'love' hormone, and the genes of a red-glowing coral into
silkworm eggs. Science has long challenged and demystified the world of mythologies: from
Galileo's belief that the earth revolved around the sun, to Darwin's theory of evolution and
beyond--but in the near future, could science be recreating our mythologies? The film unravels a
story around the protagonist Tamaki, an aspiring genetic engineer, who engineers her own "Red
Silk of Fate" in the hopes of winning the heart of her crush, Sachihiko. However, strange, mythical
powers start to inhabit her creation....
Sputniko!
We collaborated with NIAS (National Institute of Agricultural Science) to genetically engineer
silkworms to develop novel kinds of silk which can be used for future fashion. For the exhibition,
we designed a Nishijin-Kimono dress, working with NIAS's glowing silk (created by injecting the
genes of a glowing coral and jellyfish into silkworm eggs) and exhibited the piece in Tokyo's Gucci
Gallery. More detailed information about this project can be found here:
http://sputniko.com/2015/04/amyglowingsilk/.

Joseph Paradiso: Responsive Environments

Augmenting and mediating human experience, interaction, and perception with sensor
networks.

243. Chain API

Joseph A. Paradiso, Gershon Dublon, Brian Mayton and Spencer Russell

RESTful services and the Web provide a framework and structure for content delivery that is
scalable, not only in size but, more importantly, in use cases. As we in Responsive Environments
build systems to collect, process, and deliver sensor data, this project serves as a research
platform that can be shared between a variety of projects both inside and outside the group. By
leveraging hyperlinks between sensor data clients can browse, explore, and discover their
relationships and interactions in ways that can grow over time.

244. Circuit Stickers

Joseph A. Paradiso, Jie Qi, Nan-wei Gong and Leah Buechley

Circuit Stickers is a toolkit for crafting electronics using flexible and sticky electronic pieces. These
stickers are created by printing traces on flexible substrates and adding conductive adhesive.
These lightweight, flexible, and sticky circuit boards allow us to begin sticking interactivity onto new
spaces and interfaces such as clothing, instruments, buildings, and even our bodies.

245. Circuit Stickers Activity

Book

Page 42

Leah Buechley and Jie Qi

The Circuit Sticker Activity Book is a primer for using circuit stickers to create expressive
electronics. Inside are explanations of the stickers, and circuits and templates for building
functional electronics directly on the pages of the book. The book covers five topics, from simple
LED circuits to crafting switches and sensors. As users complete the circuits, they are also
prompted with craft and drawing activities to ensure an expressive and artistic approach to
learning and building circuits. Once completed, the book serves as an encyclopedia of techniques
to apply to future projects.

April 2016

MIT Media Lab

246. Circuit Storybook

Joseph A. Paradiso, Kevin Slavin, Jie Qi and Sonja de Boer

An interactive picture book that explores storytelling techniques through paper-based circuitry.
Sensors, lights, and microcontrollers embedded into the covers, spine, and pages of the book add
electronic interactivity to the traditional physical picture book, allowing us to tell new stories in new
ways. The current book, "Ellie," tells the adventures of an LED light named Ellie who dreams of
becoming a star, and of her journey up to the sky.

247. DoppelLab:
Experiencing
Multimodal Sensor Data

Joe Paradiso, Gershon Dublon and Brian Dean Mayton

248. Experiential Lighting:

New User-Interfaces for
Lighting Control

Joseph A. Paradiso, Matthew Aldrich and Nan Zhao

249. FingerSynth: Wearable

Transducers for
Exploring the
Environment through
Sound

Joseph A. Paradiso and Gershon Dublon

250. Hacking the

Sketchbook

Joseph A. Paradiso and Jie Qi

251. Halo: Wearable Lighting

Joseph A. Paradiso and Nan Zhao

Homes and offices are being filled with sensor networks to answer specific queries and solve
pre-determined problems, but no comprehensive visualization tools exist for fusing these disparate
data to examine relationships across spaces and sensing modalities. DoppelLab is a cross-reality
virtual environment that represents the multimodal sensor data produced by a building and its
inhabitants. Our system encompasses a set of tools for parsing, databasing, visualizing, and
sonifying these data; by organizing data by the space from which they originate, DoppelLab
provides a platform to make both broad and specific queries about the activities, systems, and
relationships in a complex, sensor-rich environment.

We are evaluating new methods of interacting and controlling solid-state lighting based on our
findings of how participants experience and perceive architectural lighting in our new lighting
laboratory (E14-548S). This work, aptly named "Experiential Lighting," reduces the complexity of
modern lighting controls (intensity/color/space) into a simple mapping, aided by both human input
and sensor measurement. We believe our approach extends beyond general lighting control and is
applicable in situations where human-based rankings and preference are critical requirements for
control and actuation. We expect our foundational studies to guide future camera-based systems
that will inevitably incorporate context in their operation (e.g., Google Glass).

The FingerSynth is a wearable musical instrument made up of a bracelet and set of rings that
enables its players to produce sound by touching nearly any surface in their environments. Each
ring contains a small, independently controlled audio exciter transducer. The rings sound loudly
when they touch a hard object, and are silent otherwise. When a wearer touches their own (or
someone else's) head, the contacted person hears sound through bone conduction, inaudible to
others. A microcontroller generates a separate audio signal for each ring, and can take user input
through an accelerometer in the form of taps, flicks, and other gestures. The player controls the
envelope and timbre of the sound by varying the physical pressure and the angle of their finger on
the surface, or by touching differently resonant surfaces. The FingerSynth encourages players to
experiment with the materials around them and with one another.

In this project we investigate how the process of building a circuit can be made more organic, like
sketching in a sketchbook. We integrate a rechargeable power supply into the spine of a traditional
sketchbook, so that each page of the sketchbook has power connections. This enables users to
begin creating functioning circuits directly onto the pages of the book and to annotate as they
would in a regular notebook. The sequential nature of the sketchbook allows creators to document
their process for circuit design. The book also serves as a single physical archive of various
hardware designs. Finally, the portable and rechargeable nature of the book allows users to take
their electronic prototypes off of the lab bench and share their creations with people outside of the
lab environment.

Imagine a future where lights are not fixed to the ceiling, but follow us wherever we are. In this
colorful world we enjoy lighting that is designed to go along with the moment, the activity, our
feelings, and our outfits. Halo is a wearable lighting device created to explore this scenario.
Different from architectural lighting, this personal lighting device aims to illuminate and present its
user. Halo changes the wearer's appearance with the ease of a button click, similar to adding a
filter to a photograph. It can also change the user's view of the world, brightening up a rainy day or
coloring a gray landscape. Halo can react to activities and adapt based on context. It is a
responsive window between the wearer and his or her surroundings.

MIT Media Lab

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252. HearThere: Ubiquitous

Sonic Overlay

Joseph A. Paradiso, Gershon Dublon and Spencer Russell

253. KickSoul: A Wearable

System for Foot
Interactions with Digital
Devices

Pattie Maes, Joseph A. Paradiso, Xavier Benavides Palos and Chang Long Zhu Jin

254. ListenTree:
Audio-Haptic Display in
the Natural
Environment

V. Michael Bove, Joseph A. Paradiso, Gershon Dublon and Edwina Portocarrero

255. Living Observatory:

Sensor Networks for
Documenting and
Experiencing Ecology

Glorianna Davenport, Joe Paradiso, Gershon Dublon, Pragun Goyal and Brian Dean Mayton

256. Low-Power Gesture

Input with Wrist-Worn
Pressure Sensors

Joseph A. Paradiso and Artem Dementyev

257. MedRec

Ariel Ekblaw, Asaf Azaria, Thiago Vieira, Joe Paradiso, Andrew Lippman

NEW LISTING

Page 44

With our Ubiquitous Sonic Overlay, we are working to place virtual sounds in the user's
environment, fixing them in space even as the user moves. We are working toward creating a
seamless auditory display, indistinguishable from the user's actual surroundings. Between
bone-conduction headphones, small and cheap orientation sensors, and ubiquitous GPS, a
confluence of fundamental technologies is in place. However, existing head-tracking systems
either limit the motion space to a small area (e.g., Occulus Rift), or sacrifice precision for scale
using technologies like GPS. We are seeking to bridge the gap to create large outdoor spaces of
sonic objects.

KickSoul is a wearable device that maps natural foot movements into inputs for digital devices. It
consists of an insole with embedded sensors that track movements and trigger actions in devices
that surround us. We present a novel approach to use our feet as input devices in mobile
situations when our hands are busy. We analyze the foot's natural movements and their meaning
before activating an action.

ListenTree is an audio-haptic display embedded in the natural environment. Visitors to our

installation notice a faint sound emerging from a tree. By resting their heads against the tree, they
are able to hear sound through bone conduction. To create this effect, an audio exciter transducer
is weatherproofed and attached to the tree's roots, transforming it into a living speaker, channeling
audio through its branches, and providing vibrotactile feedback. In one deployment, we used
ListenTree to display live sound from an outdoor ecological monitoring sensor network, bringing a
faraway wetland into the urban landscape. Our intervention is motivated by a need for forms of
display that fade into the background, inviting attention rather than requiring it. We consume most
digital information through devices that alienate us from our surroundings; ListenTree points to a
future where digital information might become enmeshed in material.

Living Observatory is an initiative for documenting and interpreting ecological change that will
allow people, individually and collectively, to better understand relationships between ecological
processes, human lifestyle choices, and climate change adaptation. As part of this initiative, we
are developing sensor networks that document ecological processes and allow people to
experience the data at different spatial and temporal scales. Low-power sensor nodes capture
climate and other data at a high spatiotemporal resolution, while others stream audio. Sensors on
trees measure transpiration and other cycles, while fiber-optic cables in streams capture
high-resolution temperature data. At the same time, we are developing tools that allow people to
explore this data, both remotely and onsite. The remote interface allows for immersive 3D
exploration of the terrain, while visitors to the site will be able to access data from the network
around them directly from wearable devices.

We demonstrate an always-available, on-body gestural interface. Using an array of pressure

sensors worn around the wrist, it can distinguish subtle finger pinch gestures with high accuracy
(>80?). We demonstrate that it is a complete system that works wirelessly in real time. The device
is simple and light-weight in terms of power consumption and computational overhead. Prototype's
sensor power consumption is 89uW, allowing the prototype to last more then a week on a small
lithium polymer battery. Also, device is small and non-obtrusive, and can be integrated into a
wristwatch or a bracelet. Custom pressure sensors can be printed with off-the-shelf conductive
ink-jet technology. We demonstrate that number of gestures can be greatly extended by adding
orientation data from an accelerometer. Also, we explore various usage scenarios with the device.

We face a well-known need for innovation in electronic medical records (EMRs), but the
technology is cumbersome and innovation is impeded by inefficiency and regulation. We
demonstrate MedRec as a solution tuned to the needs of patients, the treatment community, and
medical researchers. It is a novel, decentralized record management system for EMRs that uses
blockchain technology to manage authentication, confidentiality, accountability, and data sharing.
A modular design integrates with providers' existing, local data-storage solutions, enabling
interoperability and making our system convenient and adaptable. As a key feature of our work,
we engage the medical research community with an integral role in the protocol. Medical
researchers provide the "mining" necessary to secure and sustain the blockchain authentication
log, in return for access to anonymized, medical metadata in the form of "transaction fees."

April 2016

MIT Media Lab

258. Mindful Photons:

Context-Aware Lighting

Joseph A. Paradiso, Akane Sano and Nan Zhao

259. NailO

Cindy Hsin-Liu Kao, Artem Dementyev, Joe Paradiso, Chris Schmandt

Light enables our visual perception. It is the most common medium for displaying digital
information. Light regulates our circadian rhythms, affects productivity and social interaction, and
makes people feel safe. Yet despite the significance of light in structuring human relationships with
their environments on all these levels, we communicate very little with our artificial lighting
systems. Occupancy, ambient illuminance, intensity, and color preferences are the only input
signals currently provided to these systems. With advanced sensing technology, we can establish
better communication with our devices. This effort is often described as context-awareness.
Context has typically been divided into properties such as location, identity, affective state, and
activity. Using wearable and infrastructure sensors, we are interested in detecting these properties
and using them to control lighting. The Mindful Photons Project aims to close the loop and allow
our light sources to "see" us.

NailO is a nail-mounted gestural input surface inspired by commercial nail stickers. Using
capacitive sensing on printed electrodes, the interface can distinguish on-nail finger swipe
gestures with high accuracy (>92 percent). NailO works in real time: the system is miniaturized to
fit on the fingernail, while wirelessly transmitting the sensor data to a mobile phone or PC. NailO
allows for one-handed and always-available input, while being unobtrusive and discrete. The
device blends into the user's body, is customizable, fashionable, and even removable.

260. Prosthetic Sensor

Networks: Factoring
Attention,
Proprioception, and
Sensory Coding

Joseph A. Paradiso and Gershon Dublon

261. Quantizer: Sonification

Platform for
High-Energy Physics
Data

Joseph A. Paradiso and Juliana Cherston

262. SensorChimes: Musical

Mapping for Sensor
Networks

Joseph A. Paradiso and Evan Lynch

MIT Media Lab

Sensor networks permeate our built and natural environments, but our means for interfacing to the
resultant data streams have not evolved much beyond HCI and information visualization.
Researchers have long experimented with wearable sensors and actuators on the body as
assistive devices. A user's neuroplasticity can, under certain conditions, transcend sensory
substitution to enable perceptual-level cognition of "extrasensory" stimuli delivered through
existing sensory channels. But there remains a huge gap between data and human sensory
experience. We are exploring the space between sensor networks and human augmentation, in
which distributed sensors become sensory prostheses. In contrast, user interfaces are
substantially unincorporated by the body, our relationship to them never fully pre-attentive.
Attention and proprioception are key, not only to moderate and direct stimuli, but also to enable
users to move through the world naturally, attending to the sensory modalities relevant to their
specific contexts.

Inspired by previous work in the field of sonification, we are building a data-driven composition
platform that will enable users to map collision event information from experiments in high-energy
physics to audio properties. In its initial stages, the tool will be used for outreach purposes,
allowing physicists and composers to interact with collision data through novel interfaces. Our
longer-term goal is to develop strategic mappings that facilitate the auditory perception of hidden
regularities in high dimensional datasets and thus evolve into a useful analysis tool for physicists
as well, possibly for the purpose of monitoring slow control data in experiment control rooms. The
project includes a website with real-time audio streams and basic event data, which is not yet
public.

SensorChimes aims to create a new canvas for artists leveraging ubiquitous sensing and data
collection. Real-time data from environmental sensor networks are realized as musical
composition. Physical processes are manifested as musical ideas, with the dual goal of making
meaningful music and rendering an ambient display. The Tidmarsh Living Observatory initiative,
which aims to document the transformation of a reclaimed cranberry bog, provides an opportunity
to explore data-driven musical composition based on a large-scale environmental sensor network.
The data collected from Tidmarsh are piped into a mapping framework, which a composer
configures to produce music driven by the data.

April 2016

Page 45

263. SensorTape: Modular

and Programmable
3D-Aware Dense
Sensor Network on a
Tape
NEW LISTING

264. Skrin

Joseph A. Paradiso, Artem Dementyev and Cindy Hsin-Liu Kao

SensorTape is a modular and dense sensor network in a form factor of a tape. SensorTape is
composed of interconnected and programmable sensor nodes on a flexible electronics sub-strate.
Each node can sense its orientation with an inertial measurement unit, allowing deformation
self-sensing of the whole tape. Also, nodes sense proximity using time-of-flight infrared. We
developed network architecture to automatically determine the location of each sensor node, as
SensorTape is cut and rejoined. We also made an intuitive graphical interface to program the tape.
Our user study suggested that SensorTape enables users with different skill sets to intuitively
create and program large sensor network arrays. We developed diverse applications ranging from
wearables to home sensing, to show low-deployment effort required by the user. We showed how
SensorTape could be produced at scale and made a 2.3-meter long prototype.
Pattie Maes, Joseph A. Paradiso, Xin Liu and Katia Vega
Skrin is an skin interface that helps users express themselves using different hand gestures. To
achieve that, we use lighting (on hands) as our language. This project is part of the course Sci
Fab: Science Fiction-Inspired Prototyping.

265. Tid'Zam
NEW LISTING

Joseph A. Paradiso, Clement Duhart and Donald Derek Haddad

The Tidmarsh project is interested in the documentation of ecological processes to understand
their spatial and temporal evolution. Its cross-reality component provides user experiences for
numerical reconstructions of outdoor environments thanks to data collected from real-time sensor
networks. Tid'Zam analyses multi-source audio streams in real-time to identify events happening
on Tidmarsh, such as bird calls, frogs, or car noise. Its Deep Learning stack offers an interface to
create and improve the different classifier units from a Web interface. In addition, its interactive
HCI has been designed to provide a training feedback mechanism between users/experts and the
neural networks in order to improve knowledge for both the system and the users.

Alex 'Sandy' Pentland: Human Dynamics

Exploring how social networks can influence our lives in business, health, governance, and
technology adoption and diffusion.

266. bandicoot: A Python

Toolbox for Mobile
Phone Metadata

Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye, Lur Rocher, and Alex 'Sandy' Pentland

267. Data-Pop Alliance

Alex 'Sandy' Pentland, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative and Overseas Development Institute

bandicoot provides a complete, easy-to-use environment for researchers using mobile phone
metadata. It allows them to easily load their data, perform analysis, and export their results with a
few lines of code. It computes 100+ standardized metrics in three categories: individual (number of
calls, text response rate), spatial (radius of gyration, entropy of places), and social network
(clustering coefficient, assortativity). The toolbox is easy to extend and contains extensive
documentation with guides and examples.

Data-Pop Alliance is a joint initiative on big data and development with a goal of helping to craft
and leverage the new ecosystem of big data--new personal data, new tools, new actors--to
improve decisions and empower people in a way that avoids the pitfalls of a new digital divide,
de-humanization, and de-democratization. Data-Pop Alliance aims to serve as a designer, broker,
and implementer of ideas and activities, bringing together institutions and individuals around
common principles and objectives through collaborative research, training and capacity building,
technical assistance, convening, knowledge curation, and advocacy. Our thematic areas of focus
include official statistics, socio-economic and demographic methods, conflict and crime, climate
change and environment, literacy, and ethics.

268. DeepShop:
Understanding
Purchase Patterns via
Deep Learning
NEW LISTING

Page 46

Yoshihiko Suhara, Xiaowen Dong, Alex 'Sandy' Pentland

The recent availability of quantitative behavioral data provides an opportunity to study human
behavior at unprecedented scale. Using large-scale financial transaction data, we propose a novel
deep learning framework for understanding human purchase patterns and testing the link between
them and the existence of individual financial troubles. Our work opens new possibilities in
studying human behavioral traits using state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, without the
need for hand-engineered features.

April 2016

MIT Media Lab

269. Enigma

Guy Zyskind, Oz Nathan and Alex 'Sandy' Pentland

A peer-to-peer network, enabling different parties to jointly store and run computations on data
while keeping the data completely private. Enigma's computational model is based on a highly
optimized version of secure multi-party computation, guaranteed by a verifiable secret-sharing
scheme. For storage, we use a modified distributed hashtable for holding secret-shared data. An
external blockchain is utilized as the controller of the network, manages access control and
identities, and serves as a tamper-proof log of events. Security deposits and fees incentivize
operation, correctness, and fairness of the system. Similar to Bitcoin, Enigma removes the need
for a trusted third party, enabling autonomous control of personal data. For the first time, users are
able to share their data with cryptographic guarantees regarding their privacy.

270. Incentivizing
Cooperation Using
Social Pressure

Dhaval Adjodah, Erez Shmueli, David Shrier and Alex 'Sandy' Pentland

271. Leveraging Leadership

Expertise More
Effectively in
Organizations

Alex 'Sandy' Pentland, Dhaval Adjodah and Alejandro Noriega Campero

272. Location
Recommendations
Based on Large-Scale
Call Detail Records

Alex 'Sandy' Pentland, Yan Leng, Jinhua Zhao and Larry Rudolph

NEW LISTING

273. Mobile Territorial Lab

Cooperation in a large society of self-interested individuals is notoriously difficult to achieve when

the externality of one individual's action is spread thin and wide. This leads to the "tragedy of the
commons," with rational action ultimately leaving everyone worse off. Traditional policies to
promote cooperation involve Pigouvian taxation or subsidies that make individuals internalize the
externality they incur. We introduce a new approach to achieving global cooperation by localizing
externalities to one's peers in a social network, thus leveraging the power of peer pressure to
regulate behavior. The mechanism relies on a joint model of externalities and peer-pressure.
Surprisingly, this mechanism can require a lower budget to operate than the Pigouvian
mechanism, even when accounting for the social cost of peer pressure. Even when the available
budget is very low, the social mechanisms achieve greater improvement in the outcome.

We believe that the narrative of only listening to experts or trusting the wisdom of the crowd blindly
is flawed. Instead we have developed a system that weighs experts and lay-people differently and
dynamically and show that a good balance is required. We show that our methodology leads to a
15 percent improvement in mean performance, 15 percent decrease in variance, and almost 30
percent increase in Sharpe-type ratio in a real online market.

The availability of large-scale longitudinal geolocation records offer planners and service providers
an unprecedented opportunity to understand human behavior. Location recommendations based
on these data sources can not only reduce information loads for travelers, but also increase
revenues for service providers. Large-scale behavioral datasets transform the way planners and
authorities create systematic-efficient interventions and provide customized information with the
availability for a comprehensive picture. In this research, we aim to make recommendations by
exploiting travelers' choice flexibilities. We infer implicit location preferences based on sparse and
passively collected CDR. We then formulate an optimization model with the objective of
maximizing overall satisfaction toward the recommendations with road capacity constraints. We
are implementing the method in Andorra, a small European country heavily relying on tourism. We
demonstrate that the method can reduce the travel time caused by congestion while making
satisfactory location recommendations.
Alex 'Sandy' Pentland, Bruno Lepri and David Shrier
The Mobile Territorial Lab (MTL) aims at creating a living laboratory integrated in the real life of
the Trento territory in Italy, open to manifold kinds of experimentations. In particular, the MTL is
focused on exploiting the sensing capabilities of mobile phones to track and understand human
behaviors (e.g., families' spending behaviors, lifestyles, mood, and stress patterns); on designing
and testing social strategies aimed at empowering individual and collective lifestyles through
attitude and behavior change; and on investigating new paradigms in personal data management
and sharing. This project is a collaboration with Telecom Italia SKIL Lab, Foundation Bruno
Kessler, and Telefonica I+D.

274. On the Reidentifiability

of Credit Card Metadata

MIT Media Lab

Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye, Laura Radaelli, Vivek Kumar Singh, Alex 'Sandy' Pentland
Even when real names and other personal information are stripped from metadata datasets, it is
often possible to use just a few pieces of information to identify a specific person. Here, we study
three months of credit card records for 1.1 million people and show that four spatiotemporal points
are enough to uniquely reidentify 90 percent of individuals. We show that knowing the price of a
transaction increases the risk of reidentification by 22 percent, on average. Finally, we show that
even data sets that provide coarse information at any or all of the dimensions provide little
anonymity, and that women are more reidentifiable than men in credit card metadata.

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275. openPDS/
SaferAnswers:
Protecting the Privacy
of Metadata

Alex 'Sandy' Pentland, Brian Sweatt, Erez Shmueli, and Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye

276. Prediction Markets:

Leveraging Internal
Knowledge to Beat
Industry Prediction
Experts

Alex 'Sandy' Pentland, Dhaval Adjodah and Alejandro Noriega

277. Recurrent Neural

Network in
Context-Free
Next-Location
Prediction

Alex 'Sandy' Pentland, Yan Leng, Jinhua Zhao and Larry Rudolph

NEW LISTING

278. Sensible Organizations

In a world where sensors, data storage, and processing power are too cheap to meter, how do you
ensure that users can realize the full value of their data while protecting their privacy? openPDS is
a field-tested, personal metadata management framework that allows individuals to collect, store,
and give fine-grained access to their metadata to third parties. SafeAnswers is a new and practical
way of protecting the privacy of metadata at an individual level. SafeAnswers turns a hard
anonymization problem into a more tractable security one. It allows services to ask questions
whose answers are calculated against the metadata, instead of trying to anonymize individuals'
metadata. Together, openPDS and SafeAnswers provide a new way of dynamically protecting
personal metadata.

Markets are notorious for bubbles and bursts. Other research has found that crowds of lay-people
can replace even leading experts to predict everything from product sales to the next big
diplomatic event. In this project, we leverage both threads of research to see how prediction
markets can be used to predict business and technological innovations, and use them as a model
to fix financial bubbles. For example, a prediction market was rolled out inside of Intel and the
experiment was very successful, and led to better predictions than the official Intel forecast 75
percent of the time. Prediction markets also led to as much as a 25 percent reduction in mean
squared error over the prediction of official experts at Google, Ford, and Koch industries.

Location prediction is a critical building block in many location-based services and transportation
management. This project explores the issue of next-location prediction based on the longitudinal
movements of the locations individuals have visited, as observed from call detail decords (CDR).
In a nutshell, we apply recurrent neural network (RNN) to next-location prediction on CDR. RNN
can take in sequential input with no restriction on the dimensions of the input. The method can
infer the hidden similarities among locations and interpret the semantic meanings of the locations.
We compare the proposed method with Markov and a Naive Model proving that RNN has better
accuracy in location prediction.
Alex 'Sandy' Pentland, Benjamin Waber and Daniel Olguin Olguin
Data mining of email has provided important insights into how organizations function and what
management practices lead to greater productivity. But important communications are almost
always face-to-face, so we are missing the greater part of the picture. Today, however, people
carry cell phones and wear RFID badges. These body-worn sensor networks mean that we can
potentially know who talks to whom, and even how they talk to each other. Sensible Organizations
investigates how these new technologies for sensing human interaction can be used to reinvent
organizations and management.

279. Social Bridges in

Community Purchase
Behavior
NEW LISTING

280. The Privacy Bounds of

Human Mobility

Page 48

Xiaowen Dong, Yoshihiko Suhara, Vivek Singh, Alex 'Sandy' Pentland

The understanding and modeling of social influence on human economic behavior in city
environments can have important implications. In this project, we study human purchase behavior
at a community level and argue that people who live in different communities but work at similar
locations could act as social bridges that link their respective communities and make the
community purchase behavior similar through the possibility of social learning through face-to-face
interactions.
Cesar A. Hidalgo and Yves-Alexandre DeMontjoye
We used 15 months of data from 1.5 million people to show that four points--approximate places
and times--are enough to identify 95 percent of individuals in a mobility database. Our work shows
that human behavior puts fundamental natural constraints on the privacy of individuals, and these
constraints hold even when the resolution of the dataset is low. These results demonstrate that
even coarse datasets provide little anonymity. We further developed a formula to estimate the
uniqueness of human mobility traces. These findings have important implications for the design of
frameworks and institutions dedicated to protecting the privacy of individuals.

April 2016

MIT Media Lab

Rosalind W. Picard: Affective Computing

Advancing wellbeing using new ways to communicate, understand, and respond to
emotion.

281. "Kind and Grateful":

Promoting Kindness
and Gratitude with
Pervasive Technology

Asma Ghandeharioun, Asaph Azaria, and Rosalind W. Picard

We have designed a novel system to promote kindness and gratitude. We leverage pervasive
technologies to naturally embed gratitude inspiration in everyday life. Mobile sensor data is utilized
to infer optimal moments for stimulating contextually relevant thankfulness and appreciation. We
analyze the interplay between mood, contextual cues, and gratitude expressions.
Alumni Contributor: Sara Taylor

282. Affective Response to

Haptic signals

Grace Leslie, Rosalind Picard, Simon Lui, Suranga Nanayakkara

283. An EEG and

Motion-Capture Based
Expressive Music
Interface for Affective
Neurofeedback

Grace Leslie, Rosalind Picard, and Simon Lui

284. Automated Tongue

Analysis

Javier Hernandez Rivera, Weixuan 'Vincent' Chen, Akane Sano, and Rosalind W. Picard

285. Automatic Stress

Recognition in Real-Life
Settings

Rosalind W. Picard, Robert Randall Morris and Javier Hernandez Rivera

MIT Media Lab

This study attempts to examine humans' affective responses to superimposed sinusoidal signals.
These signals can be perceived either through sound, in the case of electronically synthesized
musical notes, or through vibro-tactile stimulation, in the case of vibrations produced by vibrotactile
actuators. This study is concerned with the perception of superimposed vibrations, whereby two or
more sinusoisal signals are perceived simultaneously, producing a perceptual impression that is
substantially different than of each signal alone, owing to the interactions between perceived
sinusoidal vibrations that give rise to a unified percept of a sinusoidal chord. The theory of interval
affect was derived from systematic analyses of Indian, Chinese, Greek, and Arabic music theory
and tradition, and proposes a universal organization of affective response to intervals organized
using a multidimensional system. We hypothesize that this interval affect system is multi-modal
and will transfer to the vibrotactile domain.

This project examines how the expression granted by new musical interfaces can be harnessed to
create positive changes in health and wellbeing. We are conducting experiments to measure EEG
dynamics and physical movements performed by participants who are using software designed to
invite physical and musical expression of the basic emotions. The present demonstration of this
system incorporates an expressive gesture sonification system using a Leap Motion device, paired
with an ambient music engine controlled by EEG-based affective indices. Our intention is to better
understand affective engagement, by creating both a new musical interface to invite it, and a
method to measure and monitor it. We are exploring the use of this device and protocol in
therapeutic settings in which mood recognition and regulation are a primary goal.

A common practice in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is visual examination of the patient's
tongue. This study will examine ways to make this process more objective and to test its efficacy
for understanding stress- and health-related changes in people over time. We start by developing
an app that makes it comfortable and easy for people to collect tongue data in daily life together
with other stress- and health-related information. We will obtain assessment from expert
practitioners of TCM, and also use pattern analysis and machine learning to attempt to create
state-of-the-art algorithms able to help provide better insights for health and prevention of
sickness.

Technologies to automatically recognize stress are extremely important to prevent chronic

psychological stress and pathophysiological risks associated with it. The introduction of
comfortable and wearable biosensors has created new opportunities to measure stress in real-life
environments, but there is often great variability in how people experience stress and how they
express it physiologically. In this project, we modify the loss function of Support Vector Machines
to encode a person's tendency to feel more or less stressed, and give more importance to the
training samples of the most similar subjects. These changes are validated in a case study where
skin conductance was monitored in nine call center employees during one week of their regular
work. Employees working in this type of setting usually handle high volumes of calls every day,
and they frequently interact with angry and frustrated customers that lead to high stress levels.

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286. Autonomic Nervous

System Activity in
Epilepsy

Rosalind W. Picard and Ming-Zher Poh

287. BrightBeat: An
On-Screen Intervention
for Regulating
Breathing

Asma Ghandeharioun, Rosalind Picard

288. Building the

Just-Right-Challenge in
Games and Toys

Rosalind W. Picard and Elliott Hedman

289. EDA Explorer

Sara Taylor, Natasha Jaques, Victoria Xia, and Rosalind W. Picard

We are performing long-term measurements of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity on

patients with epilepsy. In certain cases, autonomic symptoms are known to precede seizures.
Usually in our data, the autonomic changes start when the seizure shows in the EEG, and can be
measured with a wristband (much easier to wear every day than wearing an EEG). We found that
the larger the signal we measure on the wrist, the longer the duration of cortical brain-wave
suppression following the seizure. The duration of the latter is a strong candidate for a biomarker
for SUDEP (Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy), and we are working with scientists and
doctors to better understand this. In addition, bilateral changes in ANS activity may provide
valuable information regarding seizure focus localization and semiology.

Deep and slow breathing techniques are components of various relaxation methods and have
been used in treatment of many psychiatric and somatic disorders, as well as to improve mental
function and attentiveness in healthy individuals. Many adults spend more than eight hours a day
in front of screens, suggesting a need for an on-screen system to guide the user toward healthier
breathing habits without requiring interruption. In this project, we explore the design and
implementation of unobtrusive systems to promote healthier breathing habits.

With the LEGO Group and Hasbro, we looked at the emotional experience of playing with games
and LEGO bricks. We measured participants' skin conductance as they learned to play with these
new toys. By marking the stressful moments, we were able to see what moments in learning
should be redesigned. Our findings suggest that framing is key: how can we help children
recognize their achievements? We also saw how children are excited to take on new
responsibilities but are then quickly discouraged when they aren't given the resources to succeed.
Our hope for this work is that by using skin conductance sensors, we can help companies better
understand the unique perspective of children and build experiences fit for them.

Electrodermal Activity (EDA) is a physiological indicator of stress and strong emotion. While an
increasing number of wearable devices can collect EDA, analyzing the data to obtain reliable
estimates of stress and emotion remains a difficult problem. We have built a graphical tool that
allows anyone to upload their EDA data and analyze it. Using a highly accurate machine learning
algorithm, we can automatically detect noise within the data. We can also detect skin conductance
responses, which are spikes in the signal indicating a "fight or flight" response. Users can visualize
these results and download files containing features calculated on the data to be used in their own
analysis. Those interested in machine learning can also view and label their data to train a
machine learning classifier. We are currently adding active learning, so the site can intelligently
select the fewest possible samples for the user to label.
Alumni Contributors: Weixuan 'Vincent' Chen, Szymon Fedor and Akane Sano

290. Fathom: Probabilistic

Graphical Models to
Help Mental Health
Counselors

Karthik Dinakar, Jackie Chen, Henry A. Lieberman, and Rosalind W. Picard

291. FEEL: A Cloud System

for Frequent Event and
Biophysiological Signal
Labeling

Yadid Ayzenberg and Rosalind W. Picard

Page 50

We explore advanced machine learning and reflective user interfaces to scale the national Crisis
Text Line. We are using state-of-the-art probabilistic graphical topic models and visualizations to
help a mental health counselor extract patterns of mental health issues experienced by
participants, and bring large-scale data science to understanding the distribution of mental health
issues in the United States.

The wide availability of low-cost, wearable, biophysiological sensors enables us to measure how
the environment and our experiences impact our physiology. This creates a new challenge: in
order to interpret the collected longitudinal data, we require the matching contextual information as
well. Collecting weeks, months, and years of continuous biophysiological data makes it unfeasible
to rely solely on our memory for providing the contextual information. Many view maintaining
journals as burdensome, which may result in low compliance levels and unusable data. We
present an architecture and implementation of a system for the acquisition, processing, and
visualization of biophysiological signals and contextual information.

April 2016

MIT Media Lab

292. IDA: Inexpensive

Networked Digital
Stethoscope

Yadid Ayzenberg

293. Large-Scale Pulse

Analysis

Weixuan 'Vincent' Chen, Javier Hernandez Rivera, Akane Sano and Rosalind W. Picard

294. Lensing:
Cardiolinguistics for
Atypical Angina

Catherine Kreatsoulas (Harvard), Rosalind W. Picard, Karthik Dinakar, David Blei

(Columbia) and Matthew Nock (Harvard)

295. Mapping the Stress of

Medical Visits

Rosalind W. Picard and Elliott Hedman

296. Measuring Arousal

During Therapy for
Children with Autism
and ADHD

Rosalind W. Picard and Elliott Hedman

297. Mobile Health

Interventions for Drug
Addiction and PTSD

Rich Fletcher and Rosalind W. Picard

298. Modulating Peripheral

and Cortical Arousal
Using a Musical Motor
Response Task

Grace Leslie, Rosalind Picard, Simon Lui, Annabel Chen

MIT Media Lab

Complex and expensive medical devices are mainly used in medical facilities by health
professionals. IDA is an attempt to disrupt this paradigm and introduce a new type of device: easy
to use, low cost, and open source. It is a digital stethoscope that can be connected to the Internet
for streaming physiological data to remote clinicians. Designed to be fabricated anywhere in the
world with minimal equipment, it can be operated by individuals without medical training.

This study aims to bring objective measurement to the multiple "pulse" and "pulse-like" measures
made by practitioners of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The measures are traditionally
made by manually palpitating the patient's inner wrist in multiple places, and relating the sensed
responses to various medical conditions. Our project brings several new kinds of objective
measurement to this practice, compares their efficacy, and examines the connection of the
measured data to various other measures of health and stress. Our approach includes the
possibility of building a smartwatch application that can analyze stress and health information from
the point of view of TCM.

Conversations between two individuals--whether between doctor and patient, mental health
therapist and client, or between two people romantically involved with each other--are complex.
Each participant contributes to the conversation using her or his own "lens." This project involves
advanced probabilistic graphical models to statistically extract and model these dual lenses across
large datasets of real-world conversations, with applications that can improve crisis and
psychotherapy counseling and patient-cardiologist consultations. We're working with top
psychologists, cardiologists, and crisis counseling centers in the United States.

Receiving a shot or discussing health problems can be stressful, but does not always have to be.
We measure participants' skin conductance as they use medical devices or visit hospitals and note
times when stress occurs. We then prototype possible solutions and record how the emotional
experience changes. We hope work like this will help bring the medical community closer to their
customers.

Physiological arousal is an important part of occupational therapy for children with autism and
ADHD, but therapists do not have a way to objectively measure how therapy affects arousal. We
hypothesize that when children participate in guided activities within an occupational therapy
setting, informative changes in electrodermal activity (EDA) can be detected using iCalm. iCalm is
a small, wireless sensor that measures EDA and motion, worn on the wrist or above the ankle.
Statistical analysis describing how equipment affects EDA was inconclusive, suggesting that many
factors play a role in how a child's EDA changes. Case studies provided examples of how
occupational therapy affected children's EDA. This is the first study of the effects of occupational
therapy's in situ activities using continuous physiologic measures. The results suggest that careful
case study analyses of the relation between therapeutic activities and physiological arousal may
inform clinical practice.

We are developing a mobile phone-based platform to assist people with chronic diseases,
panic-anxiety disorders, or addictions. Making use of wearable, wireless biosensors, the mobile
phone uses pattern analysis and machine learning algorithms to detect specific physiological
states and perform automatic interventions in the form of text/images plus sound files and social
networking elements. We are currently working with the Veterans Administration drug rehabilitation
program involving veterans with PTSD.

We are conducting EEG studies to identify the musical features and musical interaction patterns
that universally impact measures of arousal. We hypothesize that we can induce states of high
and low arousal using electrodermal activity (EDA) biofeedback, and that these states will produce
correlated differences in concurrently recorded skin conductance and EEG data, establishing a
connection between peripherally recorded physiological arousal and cortical arousal as revealed in
EEG. We also hypothesize that manipulation of musical features of a computer-generated musical
stimulus track will produce changes in peripheral and cortical arousal. These musical stimuli and
programmed interactions may be incorporated into music technology therapy, designed to reduce

April 2016

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arousal or increase learning capability by increasing attention. We aim to provide a framework for
the neural basis of emotion-cognition integration of learning that may shed light on education and
possible applications to improve learning by emotion regulation.

299. Objective Asessment of

Depression and Its
Improvement

Rosalind W. Picard, Szymon Fedor, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts
General Hospital

300. Panoply

Rosalind W. Picard and Robert Morris

Current methods to assess depression and then ultimately select appropriate treatment have
many limitations. They are usually based on having a clinician rate scales, which were developed
in the 1960s. Their main drawbacks are lack of objectivity, being symptom-based and not
preventative, and requiring accurate communication. This work explores new technology to assess
depression, including its increase or decrease, in an automatic, more objective, pre-symptomatic,
and cost-effective way using wearable sensors and smart phones for 24/7 monitoring of different
personal parameters such as physiological data, voice characteristics, sleep, and social
interaction. We aim to enable early diagnosis of depression, prevention of depression, assessment
of depression for people who cannot communicate, better assignment of a treatment, early
detection of treatment remission and response, and anticipation of post-treatment relapse or
recovery.

Panoply is a crowdsourcing application for mental health and emotional wellbeing. The platform
offers a novel approach to computer-based psychotherapy, targeting accessibility without stigma,
engagement, and therapeutic efficacy. A three-week randomized-controlled trial with 166
participants showed Panoply conferred greater or equal benefits for nearly every therapeutic
outcome measure compared to an active control task (online expressive writing). Panoply
significantly outperformed the control task also on all measures of engagement, and is now being
commercialized at itskoko.com.

301. Predicting Students'

Wellbeing from
Physiology, Phone,
Mobility, and Behavioral
Data

Natasha Jaques, Sara Taylor, Akane Sano, Ehi Nosakhare and Rosalind Picard
The goal of this project is to apply machine learning methods to model the wellbeing of MIT
undergraduate students. Extensive data is obtained from the SNAPSHOT study, which monitors
participating students on a 24/7 basis, collecting data on their location, sleep schedule, phone and
SMS communications, academics, social networks, and even physiological markers like skin
conductance, skin temperature, and acceleration. We extract features from this data and apply a
variety of machine learning algorithms including Gaussian Mixture Models and Multi-task
Multi-Kernel Learning; we are currently working to apply Bayesian Hierarchical Multi-task Learning
and Deep Learning as well. Interesting findings include: when participants visit novel locations they
tend to be happier; when they use their phones or stay indoors for long periods they tend to be
unhappy; and when several dimensions of wellbeing (including stress, happiness, health, and
energy) are learned together, classification accuracy improves.
Alumni Contributors: Asaph Azaria and Asma Ghandeharioun

302. Real-Time Assessment

of Suicidal Thoughts
and Behaviors

Rosalind W. Picard, Szymon Fedor, Harvard and Massachusetts General Hospital

303. SNAPSHOT Expose

Miriam Zisook, Sara Taylor, Akane Sano and Rosalind Picard

Depression correlated with anxiety is one of the key factors leading to suicidal behavior, and is
among the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite the scope and seriousness of suicidal
thoughts and behaviors, we know surprisingly little about what suicidal thoughts look like in nature
(e.g., How frequent, intense, and persistent are they among those who have them? What
cognitive, affective/physiological, behavioral, and social factors trigger their occurrence?). The
reason for this lack of information is that historically researchers have used retrospective
self-report to measure suicidal thoughts, and have lacked the tools to measure them as they
naturally occur. In this work we explore use of wearable devices and smartphones to identify
behavioral, affective, and physiological predictors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

We are applying learnings from the SNAPSHOT study to the problem of changing behavior,
exploring the design of user-centered tools which can harness the experience of collecting and
reflecting on personal data to promote healthy behaviors--including stress management and sleep
regularity. We draw on commonly used theories of behavior change as the inspiration for distinct
conceptual designs for a behavior-change application based on the SNAPSHOT study. This
approach will enable us to compare the types of visualization strategies that are most meaningful
and useful for acting on each theory.

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April 2016

MIT Media Lab

304. SNAPSHOT Study

Akane Sano, Amy Yu, Sara Taylor, Cesar Hidalgo and Rosalind Picard
The SNAPSHOT study seeks to measure Sleep, Networks, Affect, Performance, Stress, and
Health using Objective Techniques. It is an NIH-funded collaborative research project between the
Affective Computing and Macro Connections groups, and Harvard Medical School's Brigham &
Women's hospital. Since fall 2013, we've run this study to collect one month of data every
semester from 50 MIT undergraduate students who are socially connected. We have collected
data from about 170 participants, totaling over 5,000 days of data. We measure physiological,
behavioral, environmental, and social data using mobile phones, wearable sensors, surveys, and
lab studies. We investigate how daily behaviors and social connectivity influence sleep behaviors
and health, and outcomes such as mood, stress, and academic performance. Using this
multimodal data, we are developing models to predict onsets of sadness and stress. This study will
provide insights into behavioral choices for wellbeing and performance.

305. StoryScape

Rosalind W. Picard and Micah Eckhardt

Stories, language, and art are at the heart StoryScape. While StoryScape began as a tool to meet
the challenging language learning needs of children diagnosed with autism, it has become much
more. StoryScape was created to be the first truly open and customizable platform for creating
animated, interactive storybooks that can interact with the physical world. Download the android
app: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=edu.mit.media.storyscape and make your own
amazing stories at https://storyscape.io/.

306. The Challenge

Natasha Jaques, Niaja Farve, Pattie Maes and Rosalind W. Picard

Mental wellbeing is intimately tied to both social support and physical activity. The Challenge is a
tool aimed at promoting social connections and decreasing sedentary activity in a workplace
environment. Our system asks participants to sign up for short physical challenges and pairs them
with a partner to perform the activity. Social obligation and social consensus are leveraged to
promote participation. Two experiments were conducted in which participants overall activity
levels were monitored with a fitness tracker. In the first study, we show that the system can
improve users' physical activity, decrease sedentary time, and promote social connection. As part
of the second study, we provide a detailed social network analysis of the participants,
demonstrating that users physical activity and participation depends strongly on their social
community.

307. The enTRAIN Study

NEW LISTING

308. Tributary

Rosalind W. Picard, Kristina Johnson and Northeastern University

Individuals with autism are known to have difficulties connecting with other people, reciprocating
social interactions, and being emotionally regulated by others. Yet, until recently, very little
attention has been given to the way people interact together, in a system, rather than by
themselves. We propose a new way to collect data on how caregivers and their children, with and
without autism, affect and are affected by each other (i.e., how they "sync up" with one another),
both in their behavior and in their physiology. We also introduce a customizable digital-physical
smart toy platform that will allow us to test hypotheses and collect data about patterns of
caregiver-child synchrony in a naturalistic and engaging environment. MIT and Northeastern are
forging a new collaboration between smart toy technology and autism research that will help
uncover how the social brain develops.
Yadid Ayzenberg, Rosalind Picard
The proliferation of smartphones and wearable sensors is creating very large data sets that may
contain useful information. However, the magnitude of generated data creates new challenges as
well. Processing and analyzing these large data sets in an efficient manner requires computational
tools. Many of the traditional analytics tools are not optimized for dealing with large datasets.
Tributary is a parallel engine for searching and analyzing sensor data. The system utilizes large
clusters of commodity machines to enable in-memory processing of sensor time-series signals,
making it possible to search through billions of samples in seconds. Users can access a rich
library of statistics and digital signal processing functions or write their own in a variety of
languages.

MIT Media Lab

April 2016

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309. Unlocking Sleep

Rosalind W. Picard, Thariq Shihipar and Sara Taylor

Despite a vast body of knowledge about the importance of sleep, our daily schedules are often
planned around work and social events, not healthy sleep. While we're prompted throughout the
day by devices and people to plan and think about our schedules in terms of things to do, sleep is
rarely considered until we're tired and it's late. This project proposes a way that our everyday use
of technology can help improve sleep habits. Smartphone unlock screens are an unobtrusive way
of prompting user reflection throughout the day by posing "microquestions" as users unlock their
phone. The questions are easily answered with a single-swipe. Since we unlock our phones 50 to
200 times per day, microquestions can collect information with minimal intrusiveness to the user s
daily life. Can these swipe-questions help users mentally plan their day around sleep, and trigger
healthier sleep behaviors?

310. Valinor: Mathematical

Models to Understand
and Predict Self-Harm

Rosalind W. Picard, Karthik Dinakar, Eric Horvitz (Microsoft Research) and Matthew Nock
(Harvard)

311. Wavelet-Based Motion

Artifact Removal for
Electrodermal Activity

Weixuan 'Vincent' Chen, Natasha Jaques, Sara Taylor, Akane Sano, Szymon Fedor and
Rosalind W. Picard

We are developing statistical tools for understanding, modeling, and predicting self-harm by using
advanced probabilistic graphical models and fail-soft machine learning in collaboration with
Harvard University and Microsoft Research.

Electrodermal activity (EDA) recording is a powerful, widely used tool for monitoring psychological
or physiological arousal. However, analysis of EDA is hampered by its sensitivity to motion
artifacts. We propose a method for removing motion artifacts from EDA, measured as skin
conductance (SC), using a stationary wavelet transform (SWT). We modeled the wavelet
coefficients as a Gaussian mixture distribution corresponding to the underlying skin conductance
level (SCL) and skin conductance responses (SCRs). The goodness-of-fit of the model was
validated on ambulatory SC data. We evaluated the proposed method in comparison with three
previous approaches. Our method achieved a greater reduction of artifacts while retaining
motion-artifact-free data.

Iyad Rahwan: Scalable Cooperation

Reimagining the way society organizes, cooperates, and governs itself.

312. Cognitive Limits of

Social Networks
NEW LISTING

Iyad Rahwan and Lorenzo Coviello

There is a wide cultural belief in the power of the Internet and social media as enablers of
collective intelligence. They help us spread information rapidly, and learn useful information from
each other. But there are fundamental limits to the capabilities of those networks. Understanding
these limits is essential to improving social media and allowing society to make the most of it.

313. Crowdsourcing a
Manhunt

Iyad Rahwan, Sohan Dsouza, Alex Rutherford and Manuel Cebrian

314. Crowdsourcing Under

Attack

Iyad Rahwan and Manuel Cebrian

Page 54

People often say that we live in a small world. In a brilliant experiment, legendary social
psychologist Stanley Milgram proved the six degrees of separation hypothesis: that everyone is six
or fewer steps away, by way of introduction, from any other person in the world. But how far are
we, in terms of time, from anyone on Earth? Our team won the Tag Challenge, a social gaming
competition, showing it is possible to find a person, using only his or her mug shot, within 12
hours.

The Internet has unleashed the capacity for planetary-scale collective problem solving (also known
as crowdsourcing). However, the very openness of crowdsourcing makes it vulnerable to sabotage
by rogue or competitive actors. To explore the effect of errors and sabotage on the performance of
crowdsourcing, we analyze data from the DARPA Shredder Challenge, a prize competition for
exploring methods to reconstruct documents shredded by a variety of paper shredding techniques.

April 2016

MIT Media Lab

315. Ethics of Autonomous

Machines

Iyad Rahwan, Edmond Awad, Sohan Dsouza, Azim Shariff and Jean-Franois Bonnefon

316. Honest Crowds

Iyad Rahwan, Lorenzo Coviello, Morgan Frank, Lijun Sun, Manuel Cebrian and NICTA

Adoption of self-driving, Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) promises to dramatically reduce the number
of traffic accidents, but some inevitable accidents will require AVs to choose the lesser of two evils,
such as running over a pedestrian on the road or the sidewalk. Defining the algorithms to guide
AVs confronted with such moral dilemmas is a challenge, and manufacturers and regulators will
need psychologists to apply methods of experimental ethics to these situations.

The Honest Crowds project addresses shortcomings of traditional survey techniques in the
modern information and big data age. Web survey platforms, such as Amazon's Mechanical Turk
and CrowdFlower, bring together millions of surveys and millions of survey participants, which
means paying a flat rate for each completed survey may lead to survey responses that lack
desirable care and forethought. Rather than allowing survey takers to maximize their reward by
completing as many surveys as possible, we demonstrate how strategic incentives can be used to
actually reward information and honesty rather than just participation. The incentive structures that
we propose provide scalable solutions for the new paradigm of survey and active data collection.

317. Human-Machine
Cooperation
NEW LISTING

318. Promoting Cooperation

through Peer Pressure
NEW LISTING

Iyad Rahwan
Since Alan Turing envisioned Artificial Intelligence (AI), a major driving force behind technical
progress has been competition with human cognition (e.g. beating humans in Chess or Jeopardy!).
Less attention has been given to developing autonomous machines that learn to cooperate with
humans. Cooperation does not require sheer computational power, but relies on intuition, and
pre-evolved dispositions toward cooperation, common-sense mechanisms that are difficult to
encode in machines. We develop state-of-the-art machine-learning algorithms that cooperate with
people and other machines at levels that rival human cooperation in two-player repeated games.
Iyad Rahwan
Cooperation in a large society of self-interested individuals is notoriously difficult to achieve when
the externality of one individual's action is spread thin and wide on the whole society (e.g., in the
case of pollution). We introduce a new approach to achieving global cooperation by localizing
externalities to one's peers in a social network, thus leveraging the power of peer-pressure to
regulate behavior. Global cooperation becomes more like local cooperation.

Ramesh Raskar: Camera Culture

Making the invisible visible inside our bodies, around us, and beyond for health, work, and
connection.

319. 6D Display

Ramesh Raskar, Martin Fuchs, Hans-Peter Seidel, and Hendrik P. A. Lensch

Is it possible to create passive displays that respond to changes in viewpoint and incident light
conditions? Holograms and 4D displays respond to changes in viewpoint. 6D displays respond to
changes in viewpoint as well as surrounding light. We encode the 6D reflectance field into an
ordinary 2D film. These displays are completely passive and do not require any power.
Applications include novel instruction manuals and mood lights.

320. A Switchable
Light-Field Camera

Matthew Hirsch, Sriram Sivaramakrishnan, Suren Jayasuriya, Albert Wang, Aloysha Molnar,
Ramesh Raskar, and Gordon Wetzstein
We propose a flexible light-field camera architecture that represents a convergence of optics,
sensor electronics, and applied mathematics. Through the co-design of a sensor that comprises
tailored, angle-sensitive pixels and advanced reconstruction algorithms, we show that, contrary to
light-field cameras today, our system can use the same measurements captured in a single sensor
image to recover either a high-resolution 2D image, a low-resolution 4D light field using fast, linear
processing, or a high-resolution light field using sparsity-constrained optimization.

MIT Media Lab

April 2016

Page 55

321. AnEye: Extending the

Reach of Anterior
Segment Ophthalmic
Imaging
NEW LISTING

322. Beyond the Self-Driving

Car

Ramesh Raskar and Shantanu Sinha

Eye exams via a slit lamp are critical in early diagnosis of diseases such as cataracts, corneal
injury, and pterygia, in order to avert vision loss. The slit lamp is one of the most versatile tools in
an ophthalmologist's clinic, but is big, expensive, and is designed with specialized ophthalmic
clinics in mind. AnEye is a suite of portable, computationally driven solutions that leverage modern
optics and commercially available consumer electronics to extend the reach of examinations of the
anterior segment of the eye well beyond large hospitals and clinics, into resource-constrained
settings such as rural mass-screening camps, mobile ophthalmology clinics, and even primary
care.
Ramesh Raskar, Barmak Heshmat Dehkordi and Gurmukh Bhasin
This concept gallery shows the chain of startups and ideas that will follow after the emergence of
self-driving cars.

NEW LISTING

323. Blind and

Reference-Free
Fluorescence Lifetime
Estimation via
Consumer
Time-of-Flight Sensors

Ayush Bhandari, Christopher Barsi and Ramesh Raskar

324. Bokode: Imperceptible

Visual Tags for
Camera-Based
Interaction from a
Distance

Ramesh Raskar, Ankit Mohan, Grace Woo, Shinsaku Hiura and Quinn Smithwick

325. CATRA: Mapping of

Cataract Opacities
Through an Interactive
Approach

Ramesh Raskar, Vitor Pamplona, Erick Passos, Jan Zizka, Jason Boggess, David Schafran,
Manuel M. Oliveira, Everett Lawson, and Estebam Clua

326. Coded Computational

Photography

Jaewon Kim, Ahmed Kirmani, Ankit Mohan and Ramesh Raskar

327. Coded Focal Stack

Photography

Ramesh Raskar, Gordon Wetzstein, Xing Lin, Nikhil Naik and Tsinghua University

Page 56

Fluorescence lifetime imaging is a significant bio-imaging tool that finds important applications in
life-sciences. Widely known applications include cancer detection and DNA sequencing. To that
end, fluorescence microscopy which is at the heart of bio-imaging is an electronically and optically
sophisticated device which is prohibitively expensive. Our work is demonstrates the fluorescence
microscopy like functionality can be achieved by a simple, consumer sensor such as the Microsoft
Kinect which costs about $100. This is done by trading-off the precision in optics and electronics
for sophistication in computational methods. Not only this allows for massive cost reduction but
leads to several advances in the area. For example, our method is calibration-free in that we do
not assume sample's relative placement with respect to the sensor. Furthermore, our work opens
new pathways of interaction between bio-imaging, optics and computer vision communities.

With over a billion people carrying camera-phones worldwide, we have a new opportunity to
upgrade the classic bar code to encourage a flexible interface between the machine world and the
human world. Current bar codes must be read within a short range, and the codes occupy
valuable space on products. We present a new, low-cost, passive optical design so that bar codes
can be shrunk to fewer than 3mm and can be read by unmodified ordinary cameras several
meters away.

We introduce a novel interactive method to assess cataracts in the human eye by crafting an
optical solution that measures the perceptual impact of forward scattering on the foveal region.
Current solutions rely on highly trained clinicians to check the back scattering in the crystallin lens
and test their predictions on visual acuity tests. Close-range parallax barriers create collimated
beams of light to scan through sub-apertures, scattering light as it strikes a cataract. User
feedback generates maps for opacity, attenuation, contrast, and local point-spread functions. The
goal is to allow a general audience to operate a portable, high-contrast, light-field display to gain a
meaningful understanding of their own visual conditions. The compiled maps are used to
reconstruct the cataract-affected view of an individual, offering a unique approach for capturing
information for screening, diagnostic, and clinical analysis.

Computational photography is an emerging multi-disciplinary field at the intersection of optics,

signal processing, computer graphics and vision, electronics, art, and online sharing in social
networks. The first phase of computational photography was about building a super-camera that
has enhanced performance in terms of the traditional parameters, such as dynamic range, field of
view, or depth of field. We call this Epsilon Photography. The next phase of computational
photography is building tools that go beyond the capabilities of this super-camera. We call this
Coded Photography. We can code exposure, aperture, motion, wavelength, and illumination. By
blocking light over time or space, we can preserve more details about the scene in the recorded
single photograph.

We present coded focal stack photography as a computational photography paradigm that

combines a focal sweep and a coded sensor readout with novel computational algorithms. We
demonstrate various applications of coded focal stacks, including photography with programmable
non-planar focal surfaces and multiplexed focal stack acquisition. By leveraging sparse coding
techniques, coded focal stacks can also be used to recover a full-resolution depth and all-in-focus

April 2016

MIT Media Lab

(AIF) image from a single photograph. Coded focal stack photography is a significant step towards
a computational camera architecture that facilitates high-resolution post-capture refocusing,
flexible depth of field, and 3D imaging.

328. Compressive
Light-Field Camera:
Next Generation in 3D
Photography

Kshitij Marwah, Gordon Wetzstein, Yosuke Bando and Ramesh Raskar

329. Eyeglasses-Free
Displays

Ramesh Raskar, Nikhil Naik and Gordon Wetzstein

330. Health-Tech
Innovations with Tata
Trusts, Mumbai

Ramesh Raskar and Anshuman Das

NEW LISTING

331. Hyderabad Eye Health

Collaboration with LVP
NEW LISTING

Consumer photography is undergoing a paradigm shift with the development of light field cameras.
Commercial products such as those by Lytro and Raytrix have begun to appear in the marketplace
with features such as post-capture refocus, 3D capture, and viewpoint changes. These cameras
suffer from two major drawbacks: major drop in resolution (converting a 20 MP sensor to a 1 MP
image) and large form factor. We have developed a new light-field camera that circumvents
traditional resolution losses (a 20 MP sensor turns into a full-sensor resolution refocused image) in
a thin form factor that can fit into traditional DSLRs and mobile phones.

Millions of people worldwide need glasses or contact lenses to see or read properly. We introduce
a computational display technology that predistorts the presented content for an observer, so that
the target image is perceived without the need for eyewear. We demonstrate a low-cost prototype
that can correct myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and even higher-order aberrations that are
difficult to correct with glasses.

We believe that tough global health problems require an innovation pipeline. We must bring
together the people and providers facing health challenges to form what we call an innovation
continuum: inventors building new low-cost technologies; developers capable of rapidly iterating
on these inventions for use in the real world; clinicians and end users to validate our creations; and
entrepreneurs, philanthropists, and development agencies to scale our solutions. We are asking
big questions such as: What billion-dollar ideas could impact a billion lives in health, education,
transportation through digital interfaces, digital opportunities, and applications for physical
systems? Using machine learning, computer vision, Big Data, sensors, mobile technology,
diagnostics, and crowdsourcing, we are conducting research at the Media Lab, and also
collaborating with innovators in three centers in India and in other centers worldwide. Innovations
like this launched the effort to create the Emerging Worlds initiative.
Ramesh Raskar and Anshuman Das
We believe that tough global health problems require an innovation pipeline. We must bring
together the people and providers facing health challenges to form what we call an innovation
continuum: inventors building new low-cost technologies; developers capable of rapidly iterating
on these inventions for use in the real world; clinicians and end users to validate our creations; and
entrepreneurs, philanthropists, and development agencies to scale our solutions. We are asking
big questions such as: What billion-dollar ideas could impact a billion lives in health, education,
transportation through digital interfaces, digital opportunities, and applications for physical
systems? Using machine learning, computer vision, Big Data, sensors, mobile technology,
diagnostics, and crowdsourcing, we are conducting research at the Media Lab, and also
collaborating with innovators in three centers in India and in other centers worldwide. Innovations
like this launched the effort to create the Emerging Worlds initiative.

332. Imaging Behind

Diffusive Layers

Ramesh Raskar, Barmak Heshmat Dehkordi and Dan Raviv

333. Imaging through

Scattering Media Using
Femtophotography

Ramesh Raskar, Christopher Barsi and Nikhil Naik

MIT Media Lab

The use of fluorescent probes and the recovery of their lifetimes allow for significant advances in
many imaging systems, in particular medical imaging systems. Here, we propose and
experimentally demonstrate reconstructing the locations and lifetimes of fluorescent markers
hidden behind a turbid layer. This opens the door to various applications for non-invasive
diagnosis, analysis, flowmetry, and inspection. The method is based on a time-resolved
measurement which captures information about both fluorescence lifetime and spatial position of
the probes. To reconstruct the scene, the method relies on a sparse optimization framework to
invert time-resolved measurements. This wide-angle technique does not rely on coherence, and
does not require the probes to be directly in line of sight of the camera, making it potentially
suitable for long-range imaging.

We use time-resolved information in an iterative optimization algorithm to recover reflectance of a

three-dimensional scene hidden behind a diffuser. We demonstrate reconstruction of large images
without relying on knowledge of diffuser properties.

April 2016

Page 57

334. Inverse Problems in

Time-of-Flight Imaging

Ayush Bhandari and Ramesh Raskar

335. Layered 3D:

Glasses-Free 3D
Printing

Gordon Wetzstein, Douglas Lanman, Matthew Hirsch, Wolfgang Heidrich, and Ramesh
Raskar

336. LensChat: Sharing

Photos with Strangers

Ramesh Raskar, Rob Gens and Wei-Chao Chen

337. Looking Around

Corners

Andreas Velten, Di Wu, Christopher Barsi, Ayush Bhandari, Achuta Kadambi, Nikhil Naik,
Micha Feigin, Daniel Raviv, Thomas Willwacher, Otkrist Gupta, Ashok Veeraraghavan,
Moungi G. Bawendi, and Ramesh Raskar

We are exploring mathematical modeling of time-of-flight imaging problems and solutions.

We are developing tomographic techniques for image synthesis on displays composed of compact
volumes of light-attenuating material. Such volumetric attenuators recreate a 4D light field or
high-contrast 2D image when illuminated by a uniform backlight. Since arbitrary views may be
inconsistent with any single attenuator, iterative tomographic reconstruction minimizes the
difference between the emitted and target light fields, subject to physical constraints on
attenuation. For 3D displays, spatial resolution, depth of field, and brightness are increased,
compared to parallax barriers. We conclude by demonstrating the benefits and limitations of
attenuation-based light field displays using an inexpensive fabrication method: separating multiple
printed transparencies with acrylic sheets.

With networked cameras in everyone's pockets, we are exploring the practical and creative
possibilities of public imaging. LensChat allows cameras to communicate with each other using
trusted optical communications, allowing users to share photos with a friend by taking pictures of
each other, or borrow the perspective and abilities of many cameras.

Using a femtosecond laser and a camera with a time resolution of about one trillion frames per
second, we recover objects hidden out of sight. We measure speed-of-light timing information of
light scattered by the hidden objects via diffuse surfaces in the scene. The object data are mixed
up and are difficult to decode using traditional cameras. We combine this "time-resolved"
information with novel reconstruction algorithms to untangle image information and demonstrate
the ability to look around corners.
Alumni Contributors: Andreas Velten, Otkrist Gupta and Di Wu

338. Nashik Smart Citizen

Collaboration with TCS
NEW LISTING

339. NETRA: Smartphone

Add-On for Eye Tests

Ramesh Raskar and Anshuman Das

We believe that tough global health problems require an innovation pipeline. We must bring
together the people and providers facing health challenges to form what we call an innovation
continuum: inventors building new low-cost technologies; developers capable of rapidly iterating
on these inventions for use in the real world; clinicians and end users to validate our creations; and
entrepreneurs, philanthropists, and development agencies to scale our solutions. We are asking
big questions such as: What billion-dollar ideas could impact a billion lives in health, education,
transportation through digital interfaces, digital opportunities, and applications for physical
systems? Using machine learning, computer vision, Big Data, sensors, mobile technology,
diagnostics, and crowdsourcing, we are conducting research at the Media Lab, and also
collaborating with innovators in three centers in India and in other centers worldwide. Innovations
like this launched the effort to create the Emerging Worlds initiative.
Vitor Pamplona, Manuel Oliveira, Erick Passos, Ankit Mohan, David Schafran, Jason
Boggess and Ramesh Raskar
Can a person look at a portable display, click on a few buttons, and recover his or her refractive
condition? Our optometry solution combines inexpensive optical elements and interactive software
components to create a new optometry device suitable for developing countries. The technology
allows for early, extremely low-cost, mobile, fast, and automated diagnosis of the most common
refractive eye disorders: myopia (nearsightedness), hypermetropia (farsightedness), astigmatism,
and presbyopia (age-related visual impairment). The patient overlaps lines in up to eight
meridians, and the Android app computes the prescription. The average accuracy is comparable
to the traditional method -- and in some cases, even better. We propose the use of our technology
as a self-evaluation tool for use in homes, schools, and at health centers in developing countries,
and in places where an optometrist is not available or is too expensive.

340. New Methods in

Time-of-Flight Imaging

Ramesh Raskar, Christopher Barsi, Ayush Bhandari, Anshuman Das, Micha Feigin-Almon
and Achuta Kadambi
Time-of-flight (ToF) cameras are commercialized consumer cameras that provide a depth map of
a scene, with many applications in computer vision and quality assurance. Currently, we are
exploring novel ways of integrating the camera illumination and detection circuits with

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April 2016

MIT Media Lab

computational methods to handle challenging environments, including multiple scattering and

fluorescence emission.
Alumni Contributor: Refael Whyte

341. Optical Brush: Enabling

Deformable Imaging
Interfaces

Ramesh Raskar and Barmak Heshmat Dehkordi

342. PhotoCloud: Personal

to Shared Moments
with Angled Graphs of
Pictures

Ramesh Raskar, Aydin Arpa, Otkrist Gupta and Gabriel Taubin

343. Polarization Fields:

Glasses-Free 3DTV

Douglas Lanman, Gordon Wetzstein, Matthew Hirsch, Wolfgang Heidrich, and Ramesh
Raskar

Our deformable camera exploits new, flexible form factors for imaging in turbid media. In this study
we enable a brush-like form factor with a time-of-flight camera. This has enabled us to reconstruct
images through a set of 1100 optical fibers that are randomly distributed and permuted in a
medium.

We present a near real-time system for interactively exploring a collectively captured moment
without explicit 3D reconstruction. Our system favors immediacy and local coherency to global
consistency. It is common to represent photos as vertices of a weighted graph. The weighted
angled graphs of photos used in this work can be regarded as the result of discretizing the
Riemannian geometry of the high dimensional manifold of all possible photos. Ultimately, our
system enables everyday people to take advantage of each others' perspectives in order to create
on-the-spot spatiotemporal visual experiences similar to the popular bullet-time sequence. We
believe that this type of application will greatly enhance shared human experiences, spanning from
events as personal as parents watching their children's football game to highly publicized
red-carpet galas.

We introduce polarization field displays as an optically efficient design for dynamic light field
display using multi-layered LCDs. Such displays consist of a stacked set of liquid crystal panels
with a single pair of crossed linear polarizers. Each layer is modeled as a spatially controllable
polarization rotator, as opposed to a conventional spatial light modulator that directly attenuates
light. We demonstrate that such displays can be controlled, at interactive refresh rates, by
adopting the SART algorithm to tomographically solve for the optimal spatially varying polarization
state rotations applied by each layer. We validate our design by constructing a prototype using
modified off-the-shelf panels. We demonstrate interactive display using a GPU-based SART
implementation supporting both polarization-based and attenuation-based architectures.

344. Portable Retinal

Imaging

Everett Lawson, Jason Boggess, Alex Olwal, Gordon Wetzstein, and Siddharth Khullar

345. Reflectance Acquisition

Using Ultrafast Imaging

Ramesh Raskar and Nikhil Naik

The major challenge in preventing blindness is identifying patients and bringing them to specialty
care. Diseases that affect the retina, the image sensor in the human eye, are particularly
challenging to address, because they require highly trained eye specialists (ophthalmologists) who
use expensive equipment to visualize the inner parts of the eye. Diabetic retinopathy,
HIV/AIDS-related retinitis, and age-related macular degeneration are three conditions that can be
screened and diagnosed to prevent blindness caused by damage to retina. We exploit a
combination of two novel ideas to simplify the constraints of traditional devices, with simplified
optics and cleaver illumination in order to capture and visualize images of the retina in a
standalone device easily operated by the user. Prototypes are conveniently embedded in either a
mobile hand-held retinal camera, or wearable eyeglasses.

We demonstrate a new technique that allows a camera to rapidly acquire reflectance properties of
objects "in the wild" from a single viewpoint, over relatively long distances and without encircling
equipment. This project has a wide variety of applications in computer graphics, including image
relighting, material identification, and image editing.
Alumni Contributor: Andreas Velten

346. Second Skin: Motion

Capture with Actuated
Feedback for Motor
Learning

Ramesh Raskar, Kenichiro Fukushi, Nikhil Naik, Christopher Schonauer and Jan Zizka
We have created a 3D motion-tracking system with automatic, real-time vibrotactile feedback and
an assembly of photo-sensors, infrared projector pairs, vibration motors, and a wearable suit. This
system allows us to enhance and quicken the motor learning process in a variety of fields such as
healthcare (physiotherapy), entertainment (dance), and sports (martial arts).
Alumni Contributor: Dennis Ryan Miaw

MIT Media Lab

April 2016

Page 59

347. Shield Field Imaging

Jaewon Kim
We present a new method for scanning 3D objects through a single-shot, shadow-based method.
We decouple 3D occluders from 4D illumination using shield fields: the 4D attenuation function
which acts on any light field incident on an occluder. We then analyze occluder reconstruction from
cast shadows, leading to a single-shot light-field camera for visual hull reconstruction.

348. Single Lens Off-Chip

Cellphone Microscopy

Ramesh Raskar, Aydin Arpa and Nikhil Naik

349. Single-Photon Sensitive

Ultrafast Imaging

Ramesh Raskar and Barmak Heshmat Dehkordi

350. Skin Perfusion

Photography

Guy Satat and Ramesh Raskar

Within the last few years, cellphone subscriptions have spread widely and now cover even the
remotest parts of the planet. Adequate access to healthcare, however, is not widely available,
especially in developing countries. We propose a new approach to converting cellphones into
low-cost scientific devices for microscopy. Cellphone microscopes have the potential to
revolutionize health-related screening and analysis for a variety of applications, including blood
and water tests. Our optical system is more flexible than previously proposed mobile microscopes,
and allows for wide field-of-view panoramic imaging, the acquisition of parallax, and coded
background illumination, which optically enhances the contrast of transparent and refractive
specimens.

The ability to record images with extreme temporal resolution enables a diverse range of
applications, such as time-of-flight depth imaging and characterization of ultrafast processes. Here
we present a demonstration of the potential of single-photon detector arrays for visualization and
rapid characterization of events evolving on picosecond time scales. The single-photon sensitivity,
temporal resolution, and full-field imaging capability enables the observation of light-in-flight in air,
as well as the measurement of laser-induced plasma formation and dynamics in its natural
environment. The extreme sensitivity and short acquisition times pave the way for real-time
imaging of ultrafast processes or visualization and tracking of objects hidden from view.

Skin and tissue perfusion measurements are important parameters for diagnosis of wounds and
burns, and for monitoring plastic and reconstructive surgeries. In this project, we use a standard
camera and a laser source in order to image blood-flow speed in skin tissue. We show results of
blood-flow maps of hands, arms, and fingers. We combine the complex scattering of laser light
from blood with computational techniques found in computer science.
Alumni Contributor: Christopher Barsi

351. Slow Display

Daniel Saakes, Kevin Chiu, Tyler Hutchison, Biyeun Buczyk, Naoya Koizumi and Masahiko
Inami
How can we show our 16-megapixel photos from our latest trip on a digital display? How can we
create screens that are visible in direct sunlight as well as complete darkness? How can we create
large displays that consume less than 2W of power? How can we create design tools for digital
decal application and intuitive-computer aided modeling? We introduce a display that is
high-resolution but updates at a low frame rate: a slow display. We use lasers and monostable
light-reactive materials to provide programmable space-time resolution. This refreshable,
high-resolution display exploits the time decay of monostable materials, making it attractive in
terms of cost and power requirements. Our effort to repurpose these materials involves solving
underlying problems in color reproduction, day-night visibility, and optimal time sequences for
updating content.

352. SpeckleSense

Alex Olwal, Andrew Bardagjy, Jan Zizka and Ramesh Raskar

Motion sensing is of fundamental importance for user interfaces and input devices. In applications
where optical sensing is preferred, traditional camera-based approaches can be prohibitive due to
limited resolution, low frame rates, and the required computational power for image processing.
We introduce a novel set of motion-sensing configurations based on laser speckle sensing that are
particularly suitable for human-computer interaction. The underlying principles allow these
configurations to be fast, precise, extremely compact, and low cost.

353. SpecTrans:
Classification of
Transparent Materials
and Interactions

Page 60

Munehiko Sato, Alex Olwal, Boxin Shi, Shigeo Yoshida, Atsushi Hiyama, Michitaka Hirose
and Tomohiro Tanikawa, Ramesh Raskar
Surface and object recognition is of significant importance in ubiquitous and wearable computing.
While various techniques exist to infer context from material properties and appearance, they are
typically neither designed for real-time applications nor for optically complex surfaces that may be
specular, textureless, and even transparent. These materials are, however, becoming increasingly
relevant in HCI for transparent displays, interactive surfaces, and ubiquitous computing. We

April 2016

MIT Media Lab

present SpecTrans, a new sensing technology for surface classification of exotic materials, such
as glass, transparent plastic, and metal. The proposed technique extracts optical features by
employing laser and multi-directional, multi-spectral LED illumination that leverages the material's
optical properties. The sensor hardware is small in size, and the proposed classification method
requires significantly lower computational cost than conventional image-based methods, which use
texture features or reflectance analysis, thereby providing real-time performance for ubiquitous
computing.

354. StreetScore

Nikhil Naik, Jade Philipoom, Ramesh Raskar, Cesar Hidalgo

StreetScore is a machine learning algorithm that predicts the perceived safety of a streetscape.
StreetScore was trained using 2,920 images of streetscapes from New York and Boston and their
rankings for perceived safety obtained from a crowdsourced survey. To predict an image's score,
StreetScore decomposes this image into features and assigns the image a score based on the
associations between features and scores learned from the training dataset. We use StreetScore
to create a collection of map visualizations of perceived safety of street views from cities in the
United States. StreetScore allows us to scale up the evaluation of streetscapes by several orders
of magnitude when compared to a crowdsourced survey. StreetScore can empower research
groups working on connecting urban perception with social and economic outcomes by providing
high-resolution data on urban perception.

355. Tensor Displays:

High-Quality
Glasses-Free 3D TV

Gordon Wetzstein, Douglas Lanman, Matthew Hirsch and Ramesh Raskar

356. The Next 30 Years of VR

Ramesh Raskar and Barmak Heshmat Dehkordi

Tensor displays are a family of glasses-free 3D displays comprising all architectures employing (a
stack of) time-multiplexed LCDs illuminated by uniform or directional backlighting. We introduce a
unified optimization framework that encompasses all tensor display architectures and allows for
optimal glasses-free 3D display. We demonstrate the benefits of tensor displays by constructing a
reconfigurable prototype using modified LCD panels and a custom integral imaging backlight. Our
efficient, GPU-based NTF implementation enables interactive applications. In our experiments we
show that tensor displays reveal practical architectures with greater depths of field, wider fields of
view, and thinner form factors, compared to prior automultiscopic displays.

In this visual brainstorming, we present the next 30 years of VR in a set of concept designs.

357. Theory Unifying Ray

and Wavefront
Lightfield Propagation

George Barbastathis, Ramesh Raskar, Belen Masia, Nikhil Naik, Se Baek Oh and Tom
Cuypers

358. Time-of-Flight
Microwave Camera

Ramesh Raskar, Micha Feigin-Almon, Nikhil Naik, Andrew Temme and Gregory Charvat

MIT Media Lab

This work focuses on bringing powerful concepts from wave optics to the creation of new
algorithms and applications for computer vision and graphics. Specifically, ray-based, 4D lightfield
representation, based on simple 3D geometric principles, has led to a range of new applications
that include digital refocusing, depth estimation, synthetic aperture, and glare reduction within a
camera or using an array of cameras. The lightfield representation, however, is inadequate to
describe interactions with diffractive or phase-sensitive optical elements. Therefore we use Fourier
optics principles to represent wavefronts with additional phase information. We introduce a key
modification to the ray-based model to support modeling of wave phenomena. The two key ideas
are "negative radiance" and a "virtual light projector." This involves exploiting higher dimensional
representation of light transport.

Our architecture takes a hybrid approach to microwaves and treats them like waves of light. Most
other work places antennas in a 2D arrangement to directly sample the RF reflections that return.
Instead of placing antennas in a 2D arrangment, we use a single, passive, parabolic reflector
(dish) as a lens. Think of every point on that dish as an antenna with a fixed phase-offset. This
means that the lens acts as a fixed set of 2D antennas which are very dense and spaced across a
large aperture. We then sample the focal-plane of that lens. This architecture makes it possible for
us to capture higher resolution images at a lower cost.

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359. Towards In-Vivo Biopsy

Guy Satat, Barmak Heshmat, Dan Raviv and Ramesh Raskar

A new method to detect and distinguish between different types of fluorescent materials. The
suggested technique has provided a dramatically larger depth range compared to previous
methods; thus it enables medical diagnosis of body tissues without removing the tissue from the
body, which is the current medical standard. It uses fluorescent probes, which are commonly used
in medical diagnosis. One of these parameters is the fluorescence lifetime, that is the average time
the fluorescence emission lasts. The new method can distinguish between different fluorescence
lifetimes, which allows diagnosis of deep tissues. Locating fluorescence probes in the body using
this method can, for example, indicate the location of a tumor in deep tissue, and classify it as
malignant or benign according to the fluorescence lifetime, thus eliminating the need for X-ray or
biopsy.
Alumni Contributor: Christopher Barsi

360. Trillion Frames Per

Second Camera

Andreas Velten, Di Wu, Adrin Jarabo, Belen Masia, Christopher Barsi, Chinmaya Joshi,
Everett Lawson, Moungi Bawendi, Diego Gutierrez, and Ramesh Raskar
We have developed a camera system that captures movies at an effective rate of approximately
one trillion frames per second. In one frame of our movie, light moves only about 0.6 mm. We can
observe pulses of light as they propagate through a scene. We use this information to understand
how light propagation affects image formation and to learn things about a scene that are invisible
to a regular camera.

361. Ultrasound
Tomography

Ramesh Raskar, Micha Feigin-Almon, Nikhil Naik and Brian Anthony

362. Unbounded High

Dynamic Range
Photography Using a
Modulo Camera

Hang Zhao, Boxin Shi, Christy Fernandez-Cull, Sai-Kit Yeung and Ramesh Raskar

363. VisionBlocks

Chunglin Wen and Ramesh Raskar

Traditional medical ultrasound assumes that we are imaging ideal liquids. We are interested in
imaging muscle and bone as well as measuring elastic properties of tissues, all of which are
places where this assumption fails quite miserably. Interested in cancer detections, Duchenne
muscular dystrophy, and prosthetic fitting, we use tomographic techniques as well as ideas from
seismic imaging to deal with these issues.

We present a novel framework to extend the dynamic range of images called Unbounded High
Dynamic Range (UHDR) photography with a modulo camera. A modulo camera could theoretically
take unbounded radiance levels by keeping only the least significant bits. We show that with
limited bit depth, very high radiance levels can be recovered from a single modulus image with our
newly proposed unwrapping algorithm for natural images. We can also obtain an HDR image with
details equally well preserved for all radiance levels by merging the least number of modulus
images. Synthetic experiments and experiments with a real modulo camera show the
effectiveness of the proposed approach.

VisionBlocks is an on-demand, in-browser, customizable, computer-vision application-building

platform for the masses. Even without any prior programming experience, users can create and
share computer vision applications. End-users drag and drop computer vision processing blocks to
create their apps. The input feed could be either from a user's webcam or a video from the
Internet. VisionBlocks is a community effort where researchers obtain fast feedback, developers
monetize their vision applications, and consumers can use state-of-the-art computer vision
techniques. We envision a Vision-as-a-Service (VaaS) over-the-web model, with easy-to-use
interfaces for application creation for everyone.
Alumni Contributors: Abhijit Bendale, Kshitij Marwah and Jason Boggess and Kevin Chiu

Mitchel Resnick: Lifelong Kindergarten

Engaging people in creative learning experiences.

364. A-pops
NEW LISTING

Page 62

Jennifer Groff
A design project done in collaboration with the MIT Media Lab and the Laboratorio para la Ciudad
(Laboratory for the City), Mexico City's experimental office for civic innovation and urban creativity,
A-pops is a networked learning experience across Mexico City that supports young learners in
engaging in emergent and playful opportunities in and beyond their local communities. In line with

April 2016

MIT Media Lab

the "Playful City" goal, this project aims to embed playful learning experiences across Mexico City
that are creative, collaborative, and public, by leveraging existing public spaces throughout
neighborhoods and micro-communities across the city. By embedding a variety of playful learning
experiences across a variety of locations, a wide range of learners have the ability to easily and
socially engage in transformative experiences that support key skills in design, collaboration,
creativity, programming, and learner agency.

365. App Inventor

Hal Abelson, Andrew McKinney, CSAIL, and Scheller Teacher Education Program
App Inventor is an intuitive, visual programming environment that allows everyone, even those
with no prior coding experience, to build fully functional applications for smartphones and tablets.
Those new to App Inventor can have a simple first app up and running in under 30 minutes. The
tool allows anyone to program more complex, impactful apps in significantly less time than with
more traditional programming environments. The MIT App Inventor project seeks to democratize
software development by empowering all people, especially young people, to transition from being
consumers of technology to becoming creators of it. MIT students and staff, led by Professor Hal
Abelson, form the nucleus of an international movement of inventors. In addition to leading
educational outreach around MIT App Inventor and conducting research on its impacts, this core
team maintains the free online app development environment that serves more than four million
registered users.

366. Build in Progress

Tiffany Tseng and Mitchel Resnick

Build in Progress is a platform for sharing the story of your design process. With Build in Progress,
makers document as they develop their design processes, incorporating iterations along the way
and getting feedback as they develop their projects.

367. Clubhouse Village

Chris Garrity, Natalie Rusk, and Mitchel Resnick

The Clubhouse Village is an online community that connects people at The Clubhouse Network
after-school centers around the world. Through the Village, Clubhouse members and staff at more
than 100 Clubhouses in 19 countries can share ideas with one another, get feedback and advice
on their projects, and work together on collaborative design activities.
Alumni Contributors: Robbin Chapman, Rachel Garber and Elisabeth Sylvan

368. Computer Clubhouse

Mitchel Resnick, Natalie Rusk, Chris Garrity

At Computer Clubhouse after-school centers, young people (ages 10-18) from low-income
communities learn to express themselves creatively with new technologies. Clubhouse members
work on projects based on their own interests, with support from adult mentors. By creating their
own animations, interactive stories, music videos, and robotic constructions, Clubhouse members
become more capable, confident, and creative learners. The first Clubhouse was established in
1993, as a collaboration between the Lifelong Kindergarten group and The Computer Museum
(now part of the Boston Museum of Science). Since then the network has expanded to more than
100 centers in 20 countries, serving more than 25,000 young people annually. In 2015 the
Computer Clubhouse changed its name to The Clubhouse Network. The Lifelong Kindergarten
group continues to develop new technologies, introduce new educational approaches, and lead
professional-development workshops for Clubhouses around the world.
Alumni Contributors: rberg, Leo Burd, Robbin Chapman, Rachel Garber, Tim Gorton, Michelle
Hlubinka, Alisha Panjwani, Elisabeth Sylvan and Claudia Urrea

369. Duct Tape Network

Leo Burd, Rachel Garber, Alisha Panjwani, and Mitchel Resnick

The Duct Tape Network (DTN) is a series of fun, hands-on maker clubs that encourage young
children (ages 7-10) to use cardboard, tape, wood, fabric, LED lights, motors, and more to bring
their stories and inventions to life. We are designing an educational framework and toolkit to
engage kids in the creation of things that they care about before they lose their curiosity or get
pulled in by more consumer-oriented technology. Work on DTN started in 2014 as part of a
collaboration with Autodesk and is now expanding to communities all around the world.

370. Family Creative

Learning

MIT Media Lab

Ricarose Roque, Natalie Rusk, and Mitchel Resnick

In Family Creative Learning, we engage parents and children in workshops to design and learn
together with creative technologies, like the Scratch programming language and the MaKey
MaKey invention kit. Just as children's literacy can be supported by parents reading with them,
children's creativity can be supported by parents creating with them. In these workshops, we
especially target families with limited access to resources and social support around technology.
By promoting participation across generations, these workshops engage parents in supporting
their children in becoming creators and full participants in today's digital society.

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371. Learning Creative

Learning

Mitchel Resnick, Philipp Schmidt, Natalie Rusk, Grif Peterson, Katherine McConachie,
Srishti Sethi, Alisha Panjwani
Learning Creative Learning (http://learn.media.mit.edu/lcl) is an online course that introduces ideas
and strategies for supporting creative learning. The course engages educators, designers, and
technologists from around the world in applying creative learning tools and approaches from the
MIT Media Lab. We view the course as an experimental alternative to traditional Massive Open
Online Courses (MOOCs), putting greater emphasis on peer-to-peer learning, hands-on projects,
and sustainable communities.

372. Learning with Data

Sayamindu Dasgupta, Natalie Rusk, Mitchel Resnick

More and more computational activities revolve around collecting, accessing, and manipulating
large sets of data, but introductory approaches for learning programming typically are centered
around algorithmic concepts and flow of control, not around data. Computational exploration of
data, especially data-sets, has been usually restricted to predefined operations in spreadsheet
software like Microsoft Excel. This project builds on the Scratch programming language and
environment to allow children to explore data and datasets. With the extensions provided by this
project, children can build Scratch programs to not only manipulate and analyze data from online
sources, but also to collect data through various means such as surveys and crowd-sourcing. This
toolkit will support many different types of projects like online polls, turn-based multiplayer games,
crowd-sourced stories, visualizations, information widgets, and quiz-type games.

373. Lemann Creative

Learning Program

Mitchel Resnick and Leo Burd

374. Making Learning Work

Philipp Schmidt, Juliana Nazare, Katherine McConahie

The Lemann Creative Learning Program is a collaboration between the MIT Media Lab and the
Lemann Foundation to foster creative learning in Brazilian public education. Established in
February 2015, the program designs new technologies, support materials, and innovative
initiatives to engage Brazilian public schools, afterschool centers, and families in learning practices
that are more hands-on and centered on students' interests and ideas. For additional information,
please contact lclp@media.mit.edu.

Improving adult learning, especially for adults who are unemployed or unable to financially support
their families, is a challenge that affects the future wellbeing of millions of individuals in the US. We
are working with the Joyce Foundation, employers, learning researchers, and the Media Lab
community to prototype three to five new models for adult learning that involve technology
innovation and behavioral insights.

375. Media Lab Digital

Certificates

Philipp Schmidt, Juliana Nazare, Katherine McConachie, Srishti Sethi, and Guy Zyskind

376. Media Lab Virtual Visit

Srishti Sethi and J. Philipp Schmidt

The Media Lab Digital Certificates project develops software and strategies to store and manage
digital credentials. Certificates are registered on the blockchain, cryptographically signed, and
tamper-proof. They can be designed to represent or recognize many different achievements.
Through blockchain-based credentials, we critically explore notions of social capital and
reputation, empathy and gift economies, and social behavior. We issue digital credentials to Media
Lab Director's Fellows and Media Lab alumni, and we are open-sourcing our code so that other
organizations can start experimenting with the idea of digital certificates.

Media Lab Virtual Visit is intended to open up the doors of the Media Lab to people from all around
the world. The visit is hosted on the Unhangout platform, a new way of running large-scale
unconferences on the web that was developed at the Media Lab. It is an opportunity for students
or potential collaborators to talk with current researchers at the Lab, learn about their work, and
share ideas.

377. ML Open

Philipp Schmidt and Mitchel Resnick

ML Open creates online learning experiences that are engaging, social, and project based, in
areas where the Media Lab has unique expertise, such as learning, innovation, or design. Rather
than distribute content, we design activities, and let learners participate in the Media Lab's way of
thinking and doing. Our first experiment was Learning Creative Learning, a course taught at the
Media Lab, which attracted 24,000 participants. The tools and strategies developed by ML Open
are widely applicable in educational and corporate settings.

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MIT Media Lab

378. Para

Jennifer Jacobs, Mitchel Resnick, Joel Brandt, Sumit Gogia, and Radomir Mech
Procedural representations, enabled through programming, are a powerful tool for digital
illustration, but writing code conflicts with the intuitiveness and immediacy of direct manipulation.
Para is a digital illustration tool that uses direct manipulation to define and edit procedural artwork.
Through creating and altering vector paths, artists can define iterative distributions and parametric
constraints. Para makes it easier for people to create generative artwork, and creates an intuitive
workflow between manual and procedural drawing methods.

379. Peer 2 Peer University

Philipp Schmidt, Katherine McConachie

Peer 2 Peer University has developed "learning circles," a model for facilitating in-person study
groups at community libraries. Aimed at adult learners, learning circles take advantage of libraries
as public community spaces for learning. We curate open, online courses and pair learners up with
their peers to foster deeper, more meaningful adult basic educational experiences.

380. Read Out Loud

J. Philipp Schmidt and Juliana Nazare

Read Out Loud is an application that empowers adults learning English to turn almost any reading
material into an experience to help them learn. Learners can take a picture of a page of text; the
app then scans in the page and presents the learner with a host of additional tools to facilitate
reading. They can read the text aloud, which helps learners who are more comfortable with
spoken English understand what is written. They can also select words to translate them into their
native language. With this prototype, we want to give adult learners more agency to learn from
material that focuses on subjects they care about, as well as increase access to English language
learning material. Any book from the public library could become learning material with support in
their native language. Read Out Loud is a prototype within the larger Making Learning Work
project.

381. Scratch

Mitchel Resnick, Natalie Rusk, Kasia Chmielinski, Andrew Sliwinski, Eric Schilling, Carl
Bowman, Saskia Leggett, Christan Balch, Ricarose Roque, Sayamindu Dasgupta, Ray
Schamp, Matt Taylor, Chris Willis-Ford, Tim Mickel, Colby Gutierrez-Kraybill, Juanita
Scratch is a programming language and online community (http://scratch.mit.edu) that makes it
easy to create your own interactive stories, games, animations, and simulations and share your
creations online. As young people create and share Scratch projects, they learn to think creatively,
reason systematically, and work collaboratively, while also learning important mathematical and
computational ideas. Young people around the world have shared more than 10 million projects on
the Scratch website, with thousands of new projects every day. (For information on who has
contributed to Scratch, see the Scratch Credits page: http://scratch.mit.edu/info/credits/).
Alumni Contributors: Amos Blanton, Karen Brennan, Gaia Carini, Michelle Chung, Shane
Clements, Margarita Dekoli, Evelyn Eastmond, Champika Fernando, John H. Maloney, Amon
Millner, Andres Monroy-Hernandez, Eric Rosenbaum, Jay Saul Silver and Tamara Stern

382. Scratch Data Blocks

Sayamindu Dasgupta, Mitchel Resnick, Natalie Rusk, Benjamin Mako Hill

Scratch Data Blocks is an NSF-funded project that extends the Scratch programming language to
enable youth to analyze and visualize their own learning and participation in the Scratch online
community. With Scratch Data Blocks, youth in the Scratch community can easily access, analyze,
and represent data about the ways they program, share, and discuss Scratch projects.

383. Scratch Day

Saskia Leggett, Lisa O'Brien, Kasia Chmielinski, Carl Bowman, and Mitchel Resnick
Scratch Day (day.scratch.mit.edu) is a network of face-to-face local gatherings, on the same day in
all parts of the world, where people can meet, share, and learn more about Scratch, a
programming environment that enables people to create their own interactive stories, games,
animations, and simulations. We believe that these types of face-to-face interactions remain
essential for ensuring the accessibility and sustainability of initiatives such as Scratch. In-person
interactions enable richer forms of communication among individuals, more rapid iteration of ideas,
and a deeper sense of belonging and participation in a community. The first Scratch Day took
place in 2009. In 2015, there were 350 events in 60 countries.
Alumni Contributor: Karen Brennan

384. Scratch Extensions

Chris Willis-Ford, Andrew Sliwinski, Sayamindu Dasgupta, Mitchel Resnick

The Scratch extension system enables anyone to extend the Scratch programming language
through custom programming blocks written in JavaScript. The extension system is designed to
enable innovating on the Scratch programming language itself, in addition to innovating with it
through projects. With the extension system, anyone can write custom Scratch blocks that enable

MIT Media Lab

April 2016

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others to use Scratch to program hardware devices such as the LEGO WeDo, get data from online
web-services such as weather.com, and use advanced web-browser capabilities such as speech
recognition.
Alumni Contributors: Amos Blanton, Shane Clements, Abdulrahman Y. idlbi and John H. Maloney

385. ScratchJr

Mitchel Resnick, Chris Garrity, Tim Mickel, Marina Bers, Paula Bonta, and Brian Silverman
ScratchJr makes coding accessible to younger children (ages 5-7), enabling them to program their
own interactive stories, games, and animations. To make ScratchJr developmentally appropriate
for younger children, we revised the interface and provided new structures to help young children
learn relevant math concepts and problem-solving strategies. ScratchJr is available as a free app
for iPads, Android, and Chromebook. ScratchJr is a collaboration between the MIT Media Lab,
Tufts University, and Playful Invention Company.
Alumni Contributors: Sayamindu Dasgupta and Champika Fernando

386. Spin

Tiffany Tseng and Mitchel Resnick

Spin is a photography turntable system that lets you capture how your DIY projects come together
over time. With Spin, you can create GIFs and videos of your projects that you can download and
share on Twitter, Facebook, or any other social network.

387. Start Making!

Alisha Panjwani, Natalie Rusk, Jie Qi, Chris Garrity, Tiffany Tseng, Jennifer Jacobs, Mitchel
Resnick
The Lifelong Kindergarten group is collaborating with the Museum of Science in Boston to develop
materials and workshops that engage young people in "maker" activities in Computer Clubhouses
around the world, with support from Intel. The activities introduce youth to the basics of circuitry,
coding, crafting, and engineering. In addition, graduate students are testing new maker
technologies and workshops for Clubhouse staff and youth. The goal of the initiative is to help
young people from under-served communities gain experience and confidence in their ability to
design, create, and invent with new technologies.
Alumni Contributors: David A. Mellis and Ricarose Roque

388. Unhangout

Philipp Schmidt, Drew Harry, Charlie DeTar, Srishti Sethi, and Katherine McConachie
Unhangout is an open-source platform for running large-scale unconferences online. We use
Google Hangouts to create as many small sessions as needed, and help users find others with
shared interests. Think of it as a classroom with an infinite number of breakout sessions. Each
event has a landing page, which we call the lobby. When participants arrive, they can see who
else is there and chat with each other. The hosts can do a video welcome and introduction that
gets streamed into the lobby. Participants then break out into smaller sessions (up to 10 people
per session) for in-depth conversations, peer-to-peer learning, and collaboration on projects.
Unhangouts are community-based learning instead of top-down information transfer.

Deb Roy: Social Machines

Understanding and empowering human networks.

389. AINA: Aerial Imaging

and Network Analysis

Page 66

Deb Roy and Neo (Mostafa) Mohsenvand

This project is aimed at building a machine learning pipeline that will discover and predict links
between the visible structure of villages and cities (using satellite and aerial imaging) and their
inhabiting social networks. The goal is to estimate digitally invisible villages in India and
Sub-Saharan Africa. By estimating the social structure of these communities, our goal is to enable
targeted intervention and optimized distribution of information, education technologies, goods, and
medical aid. Currently, this pipeline is implemented using a GPU-powered Deep Learning system.
It is able to detect buildings and roads and provide detailed information about the organization of
the villages. The output will be used to construct probabilistic models of the underlying social
network of the village. Moreover, it will provide information on the population, distribution of wealth,
rate and direction of development (when longitudinal imaging data is available), and disaster
profile of the village.

April 2016

MIT Media Lab

390. Human Atlas

Deb Roy, Martin Saveski, Soroush Vosoughi and Eric Chu

This project aims to map and analyze the publicly knowable social connections of various
communities, allowing us to gain unprecedented insights about the social dynamics in such
communities. Most analyses of this sort map online social networks, such as Twitter, Facebook, or
LinkedIn. While these networks encode important aspects of our lives (e.g., our professional
connections) they fail to capture many real-world relationships. Most of these relationships are, in
fact, public and known to the community members. By mapping this publicly knowable graph, we
get a unique view of the community that allows us to gain deeper understanding of its social
dynamics. To this end, we built a web-based tool that is simple, easy to use, and allows the
community to map itself. Our goal is to deploy this tool in communities of different sizes, including
the Media Lab community and the Spanish town of Jun.

391. Journalism Mapping

and Analytics Project
(JMAP)

Deb Roy, Sophie Chou, Pau Kung, Neo Mohsenvand, William Powers

392. Playful Words

Ivan Sysoev, Anneli Hershman, Mina Soltangheis and Deb Roy

Over the last two decades, digital technologies have flattened old hierarchies in the news business
and opened the conversation to a multitude of new voices. To help comprehend this promising but
chaotic new public sphere, we're building a "social news machine" that will provide a structured
view of the place where journalism meets social media. The basis of our project is a two-headed
data ingest. On one side, all the news published online 24/7 by a sample group of influential US
media outlets. On the other, all Twitter comments of the journalists who produced the stories. The
two streams will be joined through network analysis and algorithmic inference. In future work we
plan to expand the analysis to include all the journalism produced by major news outlets and the
overall public response on Twitter, shedding new light on such issues as bias, originality,
credibility, and impact.

While there are a number of literacy technology solutions developed for individuals, the role of
social--or networked--literacy learning is less explored. We believe that literacy is inherently a
social activity that is best learned within a supportive community network, including peers,
teachers, and parents. By designing an approach that is child-driven and machine-guided, we
hope to empower human learning networks in order to establish an engaging and effective
medium for literacy development while enhancing personal, creative, and expressive interactions
within communities. We are planning to pilot and deploy our system initially in the Boston area,
with eventual focus on low-income families where the need for literacy support is particularly
acute. We aim to create a cross-age peer-tutoring program to engage students from different
communities in socially collaborative, self-expressive, and playful literacy learning opportunities via
mobile devices.
Alumni Contributor: Prashanth Vijayaraghavan

393. Responsive
Communities: Pilot
Project in Jun, Spain

Deb Roy, Martin Saveski, William Powers

394. Rumor Gauge:

Automatic Detection
and Verification of
Rumors in Twitter

Soroush Vosoughi and Deb Roy

MIT Media Lab

To gain insights into how digital technologies can make local governments more responsive and
deepen citizen engagement, we are studying the Spanish town of Jun (population 3,500). For the
last four years, Jun has been using Twitter as its principal medium for citizen-government
communication. We are mapping the resulting social networks and analyzing the dynamics of the
Twitter interactions, in order to better understand the initiative's impact on the town. Our long-term
goal is to determine whether the system can be replicated at scale in larger communities, perhaps
even major cities.

The spread of malicious or accidental misinformation in social media, especially in time-sensitive

situations such as real-world emergencies, can have harmful effects on individuals and society.
Motivated by this, we are creating computational models of false and true information on Twitter to
investigate the nature of rumors surrounding real-world events. These models take into account
the content, characteristics of the people involved, and virality of information to predict veracity.
The models have been trained and evaluated on several real-world events, such as the 2013
Boston Marathon bombings, the 2014 Ferguson riots, and the Ebola epidemic, with promising
results. We believe our system will have immediate real-world applications for consumers of news,
journalists, and emergency services, and that it can help minimize and dampen the impact of
misinformation.

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395. The Electome:

Measuring
Responsiveness in the
2016 Election

Deb Roy, Russell Stevens, Soroush Vosoughi, William Powers, Sophie Chou, Perng-Hwa
Kung, Neo (Mostafa) Mohsenvand, Raphael Schaad and Prashanth Vijayaraghavan

396. The Foodome: Building

a Comprehensive
Knowledge Graph of
Food

Deb Roy, Russell Stevens, Neo (Mostafa) Mohsenvand, Prashanth Vijayaraghavan, Soroush
Vosoughi and Guolong Wang

NEW LISTING

397. Visible Communities

NEW LISTING

The Electome project is a comprehensive mapping of the content and network connections among
the campaign's three core public sphere voices: candidates (and their advocates), media
(journalists and other mainstream media sources), and the public. This mapping is used to trace
the election's narratives as they form, spread, morph, and decline among these three
groups -identifying who and what influences these dynamics. We are also developing metrics that
measure narrative alignment and misalignment among the groups, sub-groups (political party,
media channel, advocacy group, etc.), and specific individuals/organizationss (officials, outlets,
journalists, influencers, sources, etc.). The Electome can be used to promote more responsive
elections by deploying analyses, metrics, and data samples that improve the exchange of ideas
among candidates, the media, and/or the public in the public sphere of an election.

The Foodome addresses how to create deeper understanding and predictive intelligence about the
relationships between how we talk and learn about food, and what we actually eat. Our aim is to
build a food learning machine that comprehensively maps, for any given food, its form, function,
production, distribution, marketing, science, policy, history, and culture (as well as the connections
among all of these aspects). We are gathering and organizing a wide variety of data, including
news/social content, recipes and menus, and sourcing and purchase information. We then use
human-machine learning to uncover patterns within and among the heterogeneous food-related
data. Long term, the Foodome is meant to help improve our understanding of, access to, and trust
in food that is good for us; find new connections between food and health; and even predict
impacts of local and global events on food.
Raphael Schaad, Michael Koehrsen and Deb Roy
Better maps and local knowledge increase the efficiency and effectiveness of community health
workers (CHW) in developing countries. In a post-Ebola world, the World Health Organization and
the United Nations have elevated the priority of developing such CHW systems. However,
commercial map services do not always reach these regions of the world. We are developing
mapping based on satellite analytics of household- and road-level data in rural areas, coupled with
a mobile app with a navigation interface specifically designed for CHWs to help them work better.
Their bottom-up annotations will continuously improve the machine-learning analytics of the
top-down satellite maps.

Chris Schmandt: Living Mobile

Enhancing mobile life through improved user interactions.

398. Activ8

Misha Sra and Chris Schmandt

Activ8 is a system of three short games: See-Saw, a balancing game for Glass; Jump Beat, a
music beat matching game for Glass; and Learning to Fly, a Kinect game where users keep a
virtual bird in the air by flapping their arms. Recent epidemiological evidence points at sitting as
being the most common contributor to an inactive lifestyle. We aim to offer a starting point towards
designing and building an understanding about how "physical casual games" can contribute to
helping address the perils of sitting.

399. Amphibian: Terrestrial

SCUBA Diving
Simulator Using Virtual
Reality

Dhruv Jain, Misha Sra, Raymond Wu, Rodrigo Marques, Jingru Guo and Chris Schmandt
SCUBA diving as a sport has enabled people to explore the magnificent ocean diversity of
beautiful corals, striking fish, and mysterious wrecks. However, only a small number of people are
able to experience these wonders, as diving is expensive, mentally and physically challenging,
needs a large time investment, and requires access to large bodies of water. Most existing SCUBA
diving simulations in VR are limited to visual and aural displays. We propose a virtual reality
system, Amphibian, that provides an immersive SCUBA diving experience through a convenient
terrestrial simulator. Users lie on their torso on a motion platform with their outstretched arms and
legs placed in a suspended harness. Users receive visual and aural feedback through the Oculus
Rift head-mounted display and a pair of headphones. Additionally, we simulate buoyancy, drag,
and temperature changes through various sensors.
Alumni Contributor: Justin Chiu

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400. Meta-Physical-Space
VR

Misha Sra and Chris Schmandt

401. NailO

Cindy Hsin-Liu Kao, Artem Dementyev, Joe Paradiso, Chris Schmandt

Experience new dimensions and worlds without limits with friends. Encounter a new physical
connection within the virtual world. Explore virtual spaces by physically exploring the real world.
Interact with virtual objects by physically interacting with real-world objects. Initial physical
sensations include touching objects, structures, and people while we work on adding sensations
for feeling pressure, temperature, moisture, smell, and other sensory experiences.

NailO is a nail-mounted gestural input surface inspired by commercial nail stickers. Using
capacitive sensing on printed electrodes, the interface can distinguish on-nail finger swipe
gestures with high accuracy (>92 percent). NailO works in real time: the system is miniaturized to
fit on the fingernail, while wirelessly transmitting the sensor data to a mobile phone or PC. NailO
allows for one-handed and always-available input, while being unobtrusive and discrete. The
device blends into the user's body, is customizable, fashionable, and even removable.

402. OnTheGo

Misha Sra, Chris Schmandt

As mobile device screens continue to get smaller (smartwatches, head-mounted devices like
Google Glass), touch-based interactions with them become harder. With OnTheGo, our goal is to
complement touch- and voice-based input on these devices by adding interactions through in-air
gestures around the devices. Gestural interactions are not only intuitive for certain situations
where touch may be cumbersome like running, skiing, or cooking, but are also convenient for
things like quick application and task management, certain types of navigation and interaction, and
simple inputs to applications.

403. SensorTape: Modular

and Programmable
3D-Aware Dense
Sensor Network on a
Tape
NEW LISTING

404. Spotz

Joseph A. Paradiso, Artem Dementyev and Cindy Hsin-Liu Kao

SensorTape is a modular and dense sensor network in a form factor of a tape. SensorTape is
composed of interconnected and programmable sensor nodes on a flexible electronics sub-strate.
Each node can sense its orientation with an inertial measurement unit, allowing deformation
self-sensing of the whole tape. Also, nodes sense proximity using time-of-flight infrared. We
developed network architecture to automatically determine the location of each sensor node, as
SensorTape is cut and rejoined. We also made an intuitive graphical interface to program the tape.
Our user study suggested that SensorTape enables users with different skill sets to intuitively
create and program large sensor network arrays. We developed diverse applications ranging from
wearables to home sensing, to show low-deployment effort required by the user. We showed how
SensorTape could be produced at scale and made a 2.3-meter long prototype.
Chris Schmandt and Misha Sra
Exploring your city is a great way to make friends, discover new places, find new interests, and
invent yourself. Spotz is an Android app where everyone collectively defines the places they visit
and the places in turn define them. Spotz allows you to discover yourself by discovering places.
You tag a spot and create some buzz for it; if everyone agrees the spot is fun this bolsters your
"fun" quotient. If everyone agrees the spot is geeky it pushes up your "geeky" score. Thus
emerges your personal tag cloud. Follow tags to chance upon new places. Find people with similar
tag clouds as your own and experience new places together. Create buzz for your favorite spots
and track other buzz to find who has the #bestchocolatecake in town!

405. Tattio

Cindy Hsin-Liu Kao, Chris Schmandt, Microsoft Research

We present Tattio, a fabrication process that draws from current body decoration processes (i.e.,
jewelry such as metallic temporary tattoos) for the creation of on-skin technology. The fabrication
process generates functional components such as Near Field Communication (NFC) tags, while
maintaining the aesthetics and user experience of existing metallic temporary tattoos. The
fabrication process is low-cost, accessible, and customizable; we seek to enable individuals to
design, make, and wear their own skin technology creations.

406. Variable Reality:

Interaction with the
Virtual Book

MIT Media Lab

Hye Soo Yang and Chris Schmandt

Variable Reality is an augmented reality system designed for reading digital and physical books
more intuitively and efficiently. Through a head-worn display device such as Oculus Rift, the user
is able to instantly access and display any desired book contents onto either a real book or a hand,
depending on the need and affordability. Quick hand gestures integrated with the system further
facilitate natural user interactions.

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Kevin Slavin: Playful Systems

Designing systems that become experiences to transcend utility and usability.

407. Tools for Super-Human

Time Perception

Kevin Slavin and Che-Wei Wang

408. 20 Day Stranger

Kevin Slavin, Julie Legault, Taylor Levy, Che-Wei Wang, Dalai Lama Center for Ethics and
Transformative Values and Tinsley Galyean

Time perception is a fundamental component in our ability to build mental models of our world.
Without accurate and precise time perception, we might have trouble understanding speech,
fumble social interactions, have poor motor control, hallucinate, or remember events incorrectly.
Slight distortions in time perception are commonplace and may lead to slight dyslexia, memory
shifts, poor eye-hand coordination, and other relatively benign symptoms, but could a diminishing
sense of time signal the onset of a serious brain disorder? Could time perception training help
prevent or reverse brain disorders? This project is a series of experimental tools built to assist and
increase human time perception. By approaching time-perception training from various
perspectives, we hope to find a tool or collection of tools to increase time perception, and in turn
discover what an increase in time perception might afford us.

20 Day Stranger is a mobile app that creates an intimate and anonymous connection between you
and another person. For 20 days, you get continuous updates about where they are, what they are
doing, and eventually even how they are feeling, and them likewise about you. But you will never
know who this person is. Does this change the way you think about other people you see
throughout your day, any one of which could be your stranger?

409. 32,768 Times Per

Second

Kevin Slavin and Taylor Levy

410. Amino: A Tamagotchi

for Synthetic Biology

Kevin Slavin and Julie Legault

411. AutomaTiles

Kevin Slavin and Jonathan Bobrow

The crystal oscillator inside a quartz wristwatch vibrates at 32,768 times per second. This is too
fast for a human to perceive, and it's even more difficult to imagine its interaction with the
mechanical circulation of a clock. 32,768 Times Per Second is a diagrammatic, procedural, and
fully functional sculpture of the electro-mechanical landscape inside a common wristwatch.
Through a series of electronic transformations, the signal from a crystal is broken down over and
over, and then built back up to the human sense of time.

Amino is a design-driven mini-lab that allows users to carry out a bacterial transformation and
enables the subsequent care and feeding of the cells that are grown. Inspired by Tamagotchis, the
genetic transformation of an organism's DNA is performed by the user through guided interactions,
resulting in a synthetic organism that can be cared for like a pet. Amino is developed using
low-cost ways of carrying out lab-like procedures in the home, and is packaged in a suitcase-sized
continuous bioreactor for cells.

A tabletop set of cellular automata ready to exhibit complex systems through simple behaviors,
AutomaTiles explores emergent behavior through tangible objects. Individually they live as simple
organisms, imbued with a simple personality; together they exhibit something "other" than the sum
of their parts. Through communication with their neighbors, complex interactions arise. What will
you discover with AutomaTiles?

412. beneath the chip

Kevin Slavin and Taylor Levy

Sculptural artifacts that model and reveal the embedded history of human thought and scientific
principles hidden inside banal digital technologies. These artifacts provide alternative ways to
engage and understand the deepest interior of our everyday devices, below the circuit, below the
chip. They build a sense of the machines within the machine, the material, the grit of computation.

413. Case and Molly

Gregory Borenstein
Case and Molly is a prototype for a game inspired by (and in homage to) William Gibson's novel
Neuromancer. It's about the coordination between virtual and physical, "cyberspace" and "meat."
We navigate the tension between our physical surroundings and our digital networks in a state of
continuous partial attention; Case and Molly uses the mechanics and aesthetics of Neuromancer
to explore this quintessential contemporary dynamic. The game is played by two people mediated

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by smartphones and an Oculus Rift VR headset. Together, and under time pressure, they must
navigate Molly through physical space using information that is only available to Case. In the
game, Case sees Molly's point of view in immersive 3D, but he can only communicate a single bit
of information to her. Meanwhile, Molly traverses physical obstacles hoping Case can solve
abstract puzzles in order to gain access to the information she needs.

414. Cognitive Integration:

The Nature of the Mind
NEW LISTING

415. Cordon Sanitaire

Joscha Bach and Adam Marblestone

While we have learned much about human behavior and neurobiology, there is arguably no field
that studies the mind itself. We want to overcome the fragmentation of the cognitive sciences. We
aim to create models and concepts that bridge between methodologies, and can support
theory-driven research. Among the most interesting questions: How do our minds construct the
dynamic simulation environment that we subjectively inhabit, and how can this be realized in a
neural substrate? How can neuronal representations be compositional? What determines the
experiential qualities of cognitive processes? What makes us human?
Kevin Slavin
Named for, and inspired by, the medieval practice of erecting barriers to prevent the spread of
disease, Cordon Sanitaire is a collaborative, location-based mobile game in which players seek to
isolate an infectious "patient zero" from the larger population. Every day, the game starts
abruptly synchronizing all players at once and lasts for two minutes. In 60 seconds, players must
choose either to help form the front line of a quarantine, or remain passive. Under pressure, the
"uninfected" attempt to collaborate without communication, seeking to find the best solution for the
group. When those 60 seconds end, a certain number of players are trapped inside with patient
zero, and the score reflects the group's ability to cooperate under duress.

416. Darkball

Che-Wei Wang
Cristiano Ronaldo can famously volley a corner kick in total darkness. The magic behind this
remarkable feat is hidden in Ronaldo's brain, which enables him to use advance cues to plan
upcoming actions. Darkball challenges your brain to do the same, distilling that scenario into its
simplest form intercept a ball in the dark. All you see is all you need.

417. DeepView:
Computational Tools
for Chess
Spectatorship

Gregory Borenstein, Kevin Slavin, and Maurice Ashley

418. Designing Immersive

Multi-Sensory Eating
Experiences

Kevin Slavin and Janice Wang

419. Dice++

Kevin Slavin and Jonathan Bobrow

Competitive chess is an exciting spectator sport. It is fast-paced, dynamic, and deeply

psychological. Unfortunately, most of the game's drama is only visible to spectators who are
themselves expert chess players. DeepView seeks to use computational tools to make the drama
of high-level chess accessible to novice viewers. There is a long tradition of software trying to beat
human players at chess; DeepView takes advantage of algorithmic tools created in the
development of advanced chess engines such as Deep Blue, but instead uses them to understand
and explain the styles of individual players and the dynamics of a given match. It puts into the
hands of chess commentators powerful data science tools that can calculate player position
preferences and likely game outcomes, helping commentators to better explain the exciting human
story inside every match.

Food offers a rich multi-modal experience that can deeply affect emotion and memory. We're
interested in exploring the artistic and expressive potential of food beyond mere nourishment, as a
means of creating memorable experiences that involve multiple senses. For instance, music can
change our eating experience by altering our emotions during the meal, or by evoking a specific
time and place. Similarly, sight, smell, and temperature can all be manipulated to combine with
food for expressive effect. In addition, by drawing upon people's physiology and upbringing, we
seek to create individual, meaningful sensory experiences. Specifically, we are exploring the
connection between music and flavor perception.

Today, algorithms drive our cars, our economy, what we read, and how we play. Modern-day
computer games utilize weighted probabilities to make games more competitive, fun, and
addicting. In casinos, slot machines--once a product of simple probability--employ similar
algorithms to keep players playing. Dice++ takes the seemingly straight probability of rolling a die
and determines an outcome with algorithms of its own.

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420. For Once In Your Life...

NEW LISTING

421. GAMR

Mike Lazer-Walker and Kevin Slavin

"For Once In Your Life..." is a site-specific interactive radio play that uses the various sensors in a
smartphone to determine specific details, such as where the user walks within a space, to
dynamically affect the story. It's a blend of experiential theatre, modern choice-based interactive
fiction, and audio walks such as the work of Janet Cardiff.
Shoshannah Tekofsky and Kevin Slavin
Does how you play reflect who you really are? The Media Lab and Tilburg University are bringing
science into the game to figure out the connections between our play style and our cognitive traits.
To do that, we are gathering data from League of Legends, World of Warcraft, and Battlefield 4,
and Battlefield: Hardline players to gain insights across all the major online game genres (MOBA,
MMORPG, and FPS). In return, every participant will get an in-depth GAMR profile that shows
their personality, brain type, and gamer type.

422. Hello, Operator!

NEW LISTING

423. Homeostasis

Mike Lazer-Walker and Kevin Slavin

Hello, Operator! is a vintage telephone switchboard from 1927, refurbished and wired up to a
modern computer. It currently runs a time-management game; other games being prototyped are
exploring the narrative potential of the system. Overall, the project exists to explore what we gain
when we are able to physically engage with the antiquated technology that made the past tick.
Kevin Slavin, Kamal Farah, Julie Legault and Denis Bozic
A large-scale art installation that investigates the biological systems that represent and embody
human life, and their relationship to the built environment. This synthetic organism, built from
interconnected microbiological systems, will be sustained in part through its own feedback and
feedforward loops, but also through interactions with the architectural systems (like HVAC). As the
different systems react and exchange material inputs and outputs, they move towards
homeostasis. In the process, Homeostasis creates a new landscape of the human body, in which
we can experience the wonder and vulnerability of its interconnected systems.

424. MicroPsi: An
Architecture for
Motivated Cognition

Joscha Bach

425. radiO_o

Kevin Slavin, Mark Feldmeier, Taylor Levy, Daniel Novy and Che-Wei Wang

The MicroPsi project explores broad models of cognition, built on a motivational system that gives
rise to autonomous social and cognitive behaviors. MicroPsi agents are grounded AI agents, with
neuro-symbolic representations, affect, top-down/bottom-up perception, and autonomous decision
making. We are interested in finding out how motivation informs social interaction (cooperation and
competition, communication and deception), learning, and playing; shapes personality; and
influences perception and creative problem-solving.

radiO_o is a battery-powered speaker worn by hundreds of party guests, turning each person into
a local mobile sound system. The radiO_o broadcast system allows the DJ to transmit sounds
over several pirate radio channels to mix sounds between hundreds of speakers roaming around
the space and the venue's existing sound system.

426. Sneak: A Hybrid

Digital-Physical
Tabletop Game

Page 72

Greg Borenstein and Kevin Slavin

Sneak is a hybrid digital tabletop game for two-to-four players about deception, stealth, and social
intuition. Each player secretly controls one agent in a procedurally generated supervillain lair. Their
mission is to find the secret plans and escape without getting discovered, shot, or poisoned by
another player. To accomplish this, players must interact and blend in with a series of
computer-controlled henchmen while keeping a close eye on their human opponents for any social
cues that might reveal their identity. Sneak introduces a number of systems that are common in
video games, but were impractical in tabletop games that did not deeply integrate a smartphone
app. These include procedural map generation, NPC pathfinding, dynamic game balancing, and
the use of sound.

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MIT Media Lab

427. Soft Exchange:

Interaction Design with
Biological Interfaces

Kevin Slavin and Kamal Farah

428. Storyboards

Sepandar Kamvar, Kevin Slavin, Jonathan Bobrow and Shantell Martin

The boundaries and fabric of human experience are continuously redefined by microorganisms,
interacting at an imperceptible scale. Though hidden, these systems condition our bodies,
environment, and even sensibilities and desires. The proposed works introduce a model of
interaction in which the microbiome is an extension of the human sensory system, accessed
through a series of biological interfaces that enable exchange. Biological Interfaces transfer
discrete behaviors of microbes into information across scales, where it may be manipulated, even
if unseen. In the same way the field of HCI has articulated our exchanges with electronic signals,
Soft Exchange opens up the question of how to design for this other invisible, though present, and
vital material.

Giving opaque technology a glass house, Storyboards present the tinkerers or owners of
electronic devices with stories of how their devices work. Just as the circuit board is a story of
star-crossed lovers--Anode and Cathode--with its cast of characters (resistor, capacitor,
transistor), Storyboards have their own characters driving a parallel visual narrative.

429. Troxes

Jonathan Bobrow
The building blocks we grow up with and the coordinate systems we are introduced to at an early
age shape the design space with which we think. Complex systems are difficult to understand
because they often require transition from one coordinate system to another. We could even begin
to say that empathy is precisely this ability to map easily to many different coordinates. Troxes is a
building blocks kit based on the triangle, where kids get to build their building blocks and then
assemble Platonic and Archimedean solids.

Ethan Zuckerman: Civic Media

Creating, deploying, and evaluating tools and practices that foster civic participation and
the flow of information within and between communities.

430. "Make the Breast Pump

Not Suck!" Hackathon

Tal Achituv, Catherine D'Ignazio, Alexis Hope, Taylor Levy, Alexandra Metral, Che-Wei
Wang
In September 2014, 150 parents, engineers, designers, and healthcare practitioners gathered at
the MIT Media Lab for the "Make the Breast Pump Not Suck!" Hackathon. As one of the midwives
at our first hackathon said, "Maternal health lags behind other sectors for innovation." This project
brought together people from diverse fields, sectors, and backgrounds to take a crack at making
life better for moms, babies, and new families.

431. Action Path

Erhardt Graeff, Rahul Bhargava, Emilie Reiser and Ethan Zuckerman

Action Path is a mobile app to help citizens provide meaningful feedback about everyday spaces
in their cities by inviting engagement when near current issues. Existing platforms for civic
engagement, whether online or offline, are inconvenient and disconnected from the source of
issues they are meant to address. Action Path addresses barriers to effective civic engagement in
community matters by ensuring more citizens have their voices heard on how to improve their
local communities--converting individual actions into collective action and providing context and a
sense of efficacy, which can help citizens become more effective through regular practice and
feedback.

432. Civic Crowdfunding

Research Project

MIT Media Lab

Ethan Zuckerman and Rodrigo Davies

The Civic Crowdfunding project is an initiative to collect data and advance social research into the
emerging field of civic crowdfunding, the use of online crowdfunding platforms to provide services
to communities. The project aims to bring together folks from across disciplines and
professions--from research and government to the tech sector and community organizations--to
talk about civic crowdfunding and its benefits, challenges, and opportunities. It combines
qualitative and quantitative research methods, from analysis of the theory and history of
crowdfunding to fieldwork-based case studies and geographic analysis of the field.

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433. Code4Rights

Joy Buolamwini
Code4Rights promotes human rights through technology education. By facilitating the
development of rights-focused mobile applications in workshops and an online course,
Code4Rights enables participants to create meaningful technology for their communities in
partnership with local organizations. For example, Code4Rights, in collaboration with It Happens
Here, a grassroots organization focused on addressing sexual violence, created the First
Response Oxford App to address sexual violence at Oxford University. Over 30 young women
contributed to the creation of the app, which provides survivors of sexual violence and friends of
survivors with information about optional ways to respond, essential knowledge about support
resources, critical contact details, and answers to frequently asked questions.

434. Codesign Toolkit

Sasha Costanza-Chock and Becky Hurwitz

Involving communities in the design process results in products that are more responsive to a
community's needs, more suited to accessibility and usability concerns, and easier to adopt. Civic
media tools, platforms, and research work best when practitioners involve target communities at all
stages of the process: iterative ideation, prototyping, testing, and evaluation. In the codesign
process, communities act as codesigners and participants, rather than mere consumers,
end-users, test subjects, or objects of study. In the Codesign Studio, students practice these
methods in a service learning project-based studio, focusing on collaborative design of civic media
with local partners. The Toolkit will enable more designers and researchers to utilize the co-design
process in their work by presenting current theory and practices in a comprehensive, accessible
manner.
Alumni Contributor: Molly Sauter

435. Data Therapy

Ethan Zuckerman and Rahul Bhargava

As part of our larger effort to build out a suite of tools for community organizers, we are helping to
build their capacity to do their own creative data visualization and presentation. New
computer-based tools are lowering the barriers of entry for making engaging and creative
presentations of data. Rather than encouraging partnerships with epidemiologists, statisticians, or
programmers, we see an opportunity to build capacity within small community organizations by
using these new tools. This work involves workshops, webinars, and writing about how to pick
more creative ways to present their data stories.

436. DataBasic

Ethan Zuckerman, Rahul Bhargava and Catherine D'Ignazio

DataBasic is a suite of web-based tools that give people fun and relevant ways learn how to work
with data. Existing tools focus on operating on data quickly to create some output, rather than
focusing on helping learners understand how to work with data. This fails the huge population of
data literacy learners, who are trying to build their capacity in various ways. Our tools focus on the
user as learner. They provide introductory activities, connect to people with fun sample datasets,
and connect to other tools and techniques for working with data. We strongly believe in building
tools focused on learners, and are putting those ideas into practice on these tools and activities.

437. DeepStream

Ethan Zuckerman, Gordon Mangum, David Anderton and Vivian Diep

From Ukraine to the US, citizens and journalists are increasingly choosing to livestream civic
events. But livestreams are currently hard to find and lack in-depth information about the events
being documented. DeepStream seeks to expand participation in this emergent form of media by
creating a platform for livestream curation. By searching across streaming platforms and adding
relevant blog posts, news stories, images, tweets, and other media to livestreaming video,
individuals or newsrooms can create immersive and interactive viewing experiences. Our goal is to
design a platform that lets people re-imagine the livestream viewing experience so that it connects
viewers to global events in a way that emphasizes local perspectives and deeper engagement,
while maintaining the experience of immediacy and authenticity that is an essential part of
livestreaming.

438. Digital Humanitarian

Marketplace

Page 74

Matthew Stempeck
The Internet has disrupted the aid sector like so many other industries before it. In times of crisis,
donors are increasingly connecting directly with affected populations to provide participatory aid.
The Digital Humanitarian Marketplace aggregates these digital volunteering projects, organizing
them by crisis and skills required to help coordinate this promising new space.

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MIT Media Lab

439. Erase the Border

Catherine D'Ignazio
Erase the Border is a web campaign and voice petition platform. It tells the story of the Tohono
O'odham people, whose community has been divided along 75 miles of the US-Mexico border by
a fence. The border fence divides the community, prevents tribe members from receiving critical
health services, and subjects O'odham to racism and discrimination. This platform is a pilot that we
are using to research the potential of voice and media petitions for civic discourse.

440. First Upload

Ethan Zuckerman, Matthew Carroll, Cynthia Fang and Joe Goldbeck

First Upload is a tool for verifying the authenticity of news imagery. It helps find the first upload of
imagery, particularly videos. Finding the person who uploaded a video is a key to determining
authenticity, because often it is necessary to contact that person directly. It is being developed with
input from YouTube and Bloomberg. Currently we have a working prototype, built for the YouTube
site.

441. FOLD

Alexis Hope, Kevin Hu, Joe Goldbeck, Nathalie Huynh, Matthew Carroll, Cesar A. Hidalgo,
Ethan Zuckerman
FOLD is an authoring and publishing platform for creating modular, multimedia stories. Some
readers require greater context to understand complex stories. Using FOLD, authors can search
for and add "context cards" to their stories. Context cards can contain videos, maps, tweets,
music, interactive visualizations, and more. FOLD also allows authors to link stories together by
remixing context cards created by other writers.

442. Framework for Consent

Policies

Willow Brugh

443. Global Brands

Anurag Gupta, Erhardt Graeff, Huan Sun, Yu Wang and Ethan Zuckerman

This checklist is designed to help projects that include an element of data collection to develop
appropriate consent policies and practices. The checklist can be especially useful for projects that
use digital or mobile tools to collect, store, or publish data, yet understand the importance of
seeking the informed consent of individuals involved (the data subjects). This checklist does not
address the additional considerations necessary when obtaining the consent of groups or
communities, nor how to approach consent in situations where there is no connection to the data
subject. This checklist is intended for use by project coordinators, and can ground conversations
with management and project staff in order to identify risks and mitigation strategies during project
design or implementation. It should ideally be used with the input of data subjects.

Every country has a brand, negative or positive, and that brand is mediated in part by its global
press coverage. We are measuring and ranking the perceptions of the 20 most populous countries
by crowdsourcing those perceptions through a "World News Quiz." Quiz-takers match
geographically vague news stories to the countries they think they occurred in, revealing how they
positively or negatively perceive them. By illustrating the way these biases manifest among
English and Chinese speakers, we hope to help news consumers and producers be more aware of
the incomplete portrayals they have internalized and propagated.

444. Going Dark: Collective

Action in the reddit
Blackout

J. Nathan Matias

445. Mapping the Globe

Catherine D'Ignazio, Ethan Zuckerman and Ali Hashmi

How do people who lead communities on online platforms join together in mass collective action to
influence platform operators? Going Dark analyzes a protest against the social news platform
reddit by moderators of 2,278 communities in July of 2015. These moderators collectively disabled
their communities, preventing millions of readers from accessing major parts of reddit and
convincing the company to negotiate over their demands. This study reveals social
factors--including the work of moderators, relations among moderators, relations with platform
operators, factors within communities, and the isolation of a community--that can lead to
participation in mass collective action against a platform.

Mapping the Globe is an interactive tool and map that helps us understand where the Boston
Globe directs its attention. Media attention matters in quantity and quality. It helps determine what
we talk about as a public and how we talk about it. Mapping the Globe tracks where the paper's
attention goes and what that attention looks like across different regional geographies in
combination with diverse data sets like population and income. Produced in partnership with the
Boston Globe.

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446. Media Cloud

Hal Roberts, Ethan Zuckerman and David LaRochelle

Media Cloud is a platform for studying media ecosystems--the relationships between professional
and citizen media, between online and offline sources. By tracking millions of stories published
online or broadcast via television, the system allows researchers to track the spread of memes,
media framings, and the tone of coverage of different stories. The platform is open source and
open data, designed to be a substrate for a wide range of communications research efforts. Media
Cloud is a collaboration between Civic Media and the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at
Harvard Law School.

447. Media Cloud Brazil

Ethan Zuckerman, Alexandre Gonalves, Ronaldo Lemos, Carlos Affonso Pereira de Souza,
Hal Roberts, David Larochelle, Renato Souza, and Flavio Coelho
Media Cloud is a system that facilitates massive content analysis of news on the Web. Developed
by the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University, Media Cloud already
analyzes content in English and Russian. During the last months, we have been working on
support for Portuguese content. We intend to analyze the online debate on the most controversial
and politically hot topics of the Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet, namely network
neutrality and copyright reform. At the same time, we are writing a step-by-step guide to Media
Cloud localization. In the near future, we will be able to compare different media ecosystems
around the world.

448. Media Meter

Ethan Zuckerman, J. Nathan Matias, Matt Stempeck, Rahul Bhargava and Dan Schultz
What have you seen in the news this week? And what did you miss? Are you getting the blend of
local, international, political, and sports stories you desire? We're building a media-tracking
platform to empower you, the individual, and news providers themselves, to see what you're
getting and what you're missing in your daily consumption and production of media. The first round
of modules developed for the platform allow you to compare the breakdown of news topics and
byline by gender across multiple news sources.

449. Media Meter Focus

Muhammad Ali Hashmi

Media Meter Focus shows focus mapping of global media attention. What was covered in the
news this week? Did the issues you care about get the attention you think they deserved? Did the
media talk about these topics in the way you want them to? The tool-set also shows news topics
mapped against country locations.
Alumni Contributor: Catherine D'Ignazio

450. Media Perspective

Edward L. Platt
Media Perspective brings a data visualization into 3D space. This data sculpture represents
mainstream media coverage of Net Neutrality over 15 months, during the debate over the FCC's
classification of broadband services. Each transparent pane shows a slice in time, allowing users
to physically move and look through the timeline. The topics cutting through the panes show how
attention shifted between aspects of the debate over time.

451. Mixed-Mode Systems in

Disaster Response

Ethan Zuckerman and Willow Brugh

452. MoboWater

Ethan Zuckerman, Poseidon Hai-Chi Ho, Nickolaos Savidis and Emilie Reiser

NEW LISTING

Page 76

Pure networks and pure hierarchies both have distinct strengths and weaknesses. These become
glaringly apparent during disaster response. By combining these modes, their strengths
(predictability, accountability, appropriateness, adaptability) can be optimized, and their
weaknesses (fragility, inadequate resources) can be compensated for. Bridging these two worlds
is not merely a technical challenge, but also a social issue.

MoboWater is a crowd-sensing platform that combines three components allowing anyone to

conduct instantaneous water sensing anytime, anywhere. The hardware kit, attachable to mobile
devices, includes a 200x micro lens to make water turbidity and bacteria visible. We are also
developing modules for conductivity, PH, and heavy metals. The mobile application embeds
custom training models to perform image processing for analyzing water purity and recognizing
specific objects. The web application visualizes water properties into location-based open
datasets, and is designed for citizens and communities to create data-driven campaigns.
MoboWater is expanding water-sensing technologies beyond research laboratories and
transforming the way citizens evaluate and interact with their water supplies.

April 2016

MIT Media Lab

453. NetStories

Ethan Zuckerman, Heather Craig, Adrienne Debigare and Dalia Othman

Recent years have witnessed a surge in online digital storytelling tools, enabling users to more
easily create engaging multimedia narratives. Increasing Internet access and powerful in-browser
functionality have laid the foundation for the proliferation of new online storytelling technologies,
ranging from tools for creating interactive online videos to tools for data visualization. While these
tools may contribute to diversification of online storytelling capacity, sifting through tools and
understanding their respective limitations and affordances poses a challenge to storytellers. The
NetStories research initiative explores emergent online storytelling tools and strategies through a
combination of analyzing tools, facilitating story-hack days, and creating an online database of
storytelling tools.

454. NewsPix

Catherine D'Ignazio, Ethan Zuckerman, Matthew Carroll, Emerson College Engagement Lab
and Jay Vachon
NewsPix is a simple news-engagement application that helps users encounter breaking news in
the form of high-impact photos. It is currently a Chrome browser extension (mobile app to come)
that is customizable for small and large news organizations. Currently, when users open a new,
blank page in Chrome, they get a new tab with tiles that show recently visited pages. NewsPix
replaces that view with a high-quality picture from a news site. Users interested in more
information about the photo can click through to the news site. News organizations can upload
photos ranging from breaking news to historic sporting events, with photos changing every time a
new tab is clicked.

455. NGO2.0

Jing Wang, Wang Yu

NGO2.0 is a project grown out of the work of MIT's New Media Action Lab. The goal of NGO2.0 is
to strengthen the digital and social media literacy of Chinese grassroots NGOs. Since 2009, the
project has established collaborative relationships with IT corporations, universities, and city-based
software developers' communities to advocate the development of a new brand of public interest
sector that utilizes new media and nonprofit technology to build a better society. NGO2.0
addresses three major need categories of grassroots NGOs: communication, resources, and
technology. Within each category, NGO2.0 developed and implemented online and offline
projects. These include: Web 2.0 training workshops, Web 2.0 toolbox, a crowdsourced
philanthropy map, news stories and videos for NGOs, crowd funding project design, NGO-CSR
Partnership Forum, database of Chinese NGOs, and online survey of Chinese NGOs' Internet
usage.

456. Open Gender Tracker

Irene Ros, Adam Hyland, J. Nathan Matias and Ethan Zuckerman

Open Gender Tracker is a suite of open source tools and APIs that make it easy for newsrooms
and media monitors to collect metrics and gain a better understanding of gender diversity in their
publications and audiences. This project has been created in partnership with Irene Ros of
Bocoup, with funding from the Knight Foundation.

457. Open Water Project

Adrienne Debigare, Ethan Zuckerman, Heather Craig, Catherine D'Ignazio, Don Blair and
Public Lab Community
The Open Water Project aims to develop and curate a set of low-cost, open source tools enabling
communities everywhere to collect, interpret, and share their water quality data. Traditional water
monitoring uses expensive, proprietary technology, severely limiting the scope and accessibility of
water quality data. Homeowners interested in testing well water, watershed managers concerned
about fish migration and health, and other groups could benefit from an open source, inexpensive,
accessible approach to water quality monitoring. We're developing low-cost, open source
hardware devices that will measure some of the most common water quality parameters, using
designs that makes it possible for anyone to build, modify, and deploy water quality sensors in
their own neighborhood.

458. Out for Change:

Transformative Media
Organizing Project

MIT Media Lab

Sasha Costanza-Chock, Becky Hurwitz, Heather Craig, Royal Morris, with support from
Rahul Bhargava, Ed Platt, Yu Wang
The Out for Change Transformative Media Organizing Project (OCTOP) links LGBTQ, Two-Spirit,
and allied media makers, online organizers, and tech-activists across the United States. In
2013-2014, we are conducting a strengths/needs assessment of the media and organizing
capacity of the movement, as well as offering a series of workshops and skillshares around
transmedia organizing. The project is guided by a core group of project partners and advisers who
work with LGBTQ and Two-Spirit folks. The project is supported by faculty and staff at the MIT
Center for Civic Media, Research Action Design and by the Ford Foundation's Advancing LGBT
Rights Initiative.

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459. PageOneX

Ethan Zuckerman, Edward Platt, Rahul Bhargava and Pablo Rey Mazon
Newspaper front pages are a key source of data about our media ecology. Newsrooms spend
massive time and effort deciding what stories make it to the front page. PageOneX makes coding
and visualizing newspaper front page content much easier, democratizing access to newspaper
attention data. Communication researchers have analyzed newspaper front pages for decades,
using slow, laborious methods. PageOneX simplifies, digitizes, and distributes the process across
the net and makes it available for researchers, citizens, and activists.

460. Peer Appreciation in the

Workplace

Emma Spiro, J. Nathan Matias, Andrs Monroy Hernndez

461. Promise Tracker

Ethan Zuckerman, Rahul Bhargava, Joy Buolamwini and Emilie Reiser

Organizations are deploying gratitude-tracking systems to encourage appreciation, promote

pro-sociality, and monitor employee wellbeing. We present the case study of one such system,
called Gratia, adopted by a Fortune 500 company for over four years. We analyzed 422,209
messages of thanks and examined temporal patterns of appreciation, reciprocity, and repeated
interactions. We also compared the formal organizational chart to the informal network expressed
through the system. We found that gratitude is strongly reciprocated, that time between thanks is
relatively long, and that it is predominantly given to peers outside one's immediate team.

After an election, how can citizens hold leaders accountable for promises made during the
campaign season? Promise Tracker is a mobile phone-based data collection system that enables
communities to collect information on issues they consider priorities and monitor the performance
of their local governments. Through an easy-to-use web platform, citizens can visualize
aggregated data and use it to advocate for change with local government, institutions, the press,
and fellow community members. We are currently piloting the project in Brazil and the United
States, and prototyping sensor integration to allow citizens to collect a range of environmental
data.
Alumni Contributors: Alexis Hope and Jude Mwenda Ntabathia

462. Readersourcing

Ethan Zuckerman, Rahul Bhargava, Nathan Matias and Sophie Diehl

The Passing On project uses data from 20 years of New York Times stories about society's
heroes, leaders, and visionaries to "Reader-source" improvements to Wikipedia. As readers
explore compelling stories about notable women, content is generated to create new content and
inspire the public to contribute those stories to Wikipedia.

463. Scanner Grabber

Tal Achituv
Scanner Grabber is a digital police scanner that enables reporters to record, playback, and export
audio, as well as archive public safety radio (scanner) conversations. Like a TiVo for scanners, it's
an update on technology that has been stuck in the last century. It's a great tool for newsrooms.
For instance, a problem for reporters is missing the beginning of an important police incident
because they have stepped away from their desk at the wrong time. Scanner Grabber solves this
because conversations can be played back. Also, snippets of exciting audio, for instance a police
chase, can be exported and embedded online. Reporters can listen to files while writing stories, or
listen to older conversations to get a more nuanced grasp of police practices or long-term trouble
spots. Editors and reporters can use the tool for collaborating, or crowdsourcing/public
collaboration.

464. Student Legal Services

for Innovation

Ethan Zuckerman and J. Nathan Matias

465. Terra Incognita: 1000

Cities of the World

Catherine D'Ignazio, Ethan Zuckerman and Rahul Bhargava

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Should students be prosecuted for innovative projects? In December 2014, four undergraduates
associated with the Media Lab were subpoenaed by the New Jersey Attorney General after
winning a programming competition with a bitcoin-related proof of concept. We worked with MIT
administration and the Electronic Frontier Foundation to support the students and establish legal
support for informal innovation. In September 2015, MIT announced the creation of a new clinic for
business and cyberlaw.

Terra Incognita is a global news game and recommendation system. Terra Incognita helps you
discover interesting news and personal connections to cities that you haven't read about. Whereas
many recommendation systems connect you on the basis of "similarity," Terra Incognita connects
you to information on the basis of "serendipity." Each time you open the application, Terra
Incognita shows you a city that you have not yet read about and gives you options for reading
about it. Chelyabinsk (Russia), Hiroshima (Japan), Hagta (Guam), and Dhaka (Bangladesh) are
a few of the places where you might end up.

April 2016

MIT Media Lab

466. The Babbling Brook

Catherine D'Ignazio and Ethan Zuckerman

The Babbling Brook is an unnamed neighborhood creek in Waltham, MA, that winds its way to the
Charles River. With the help of networked sensors and real-time processing, the brook constantly
tweets about the status of its water quality, including thoughts and bad jokes about its own
environmental and ontological condition. Currently, the Babbling Brook senses temperature and
depth and cross-references that information with real-time weather data to come up with extremely
bad comedy. Thanks to Brian Mayton, the Responsive Environments group, and Tidmarsh Farms
Living Observatory for their support.

467. VoIP Drupal

Leo Burd
VoIP Drupal is an innovative framework that brings the power of voice and Internet-telephony to
Drupal sites. It can be used to build hybrid applications that combine regular touchtone phones,
web, SMS, Twitter, IM, and other communication tools in a variety of ways, facilitating community
outreach and providing an online presence to those who are illiterate or do not have regular
access to computers. VoIP Drupal will change the way you interact with Drupal, your phone, and
the web.

468. Vojo.co

Alex Goncalves, Denise Cheng, Ethan Zuckerman, Rahul Bhargava, Sasha

Costanza-Chock, Rebecca Hurwitz, Edward Platt, Rodrigo Davies and Rogelio Lopez
Vojo.co is a hosted mobile blogging platform that makes it easy for people to share content to the
web from mobile phones via voice calls, SMS, or MMS. Our goal is to make it easier for people in
low-income communities to participate in the digital public sphere. You don't need a smart phone
or an app to post blog entries or digital stories to Vojo; any phone will do. You don't even need
Internet access: Vojo lets you create an account via SMS and start posting right away. Vojo is
powered by the VozMob Drupal Distribution, a customized version of the popular free and
open-source content management system that is being developed through an ongoing codesign
process by day laborers, household workers, and a diverse team from the Institute of Popular
Education of Southern California (IDEPSCA).

469. What We Watch

Ethan Zuckerman, Rahul Bhargava and Edward Platt

More than a billion people a month visit YouTube to watch videos. Sometimes, those billion people
watch the same video. What We Watch is a browser for trending YouTube videos. Some videos
trend in a single country, and some find regional audiences. Others spread across borders of
language, culture, and nation to reach a global audience. What We We watch lets us visualize and
explore the connections between countries based on their video viewing habits.

470. ZL Vortice

Daniel Paz de Araujo (UNICAMP), Ethan Zuckerman, Adeline Gabriela Silva Gil, Hermes
Renato Hildebrand (PUC-SP/UNICAMP) and Nelson Brissac Peixoto (PUC-SP)
This project is currently promoting a survey of data from the East Side (Zona Leste) of the city of
Sao Paulo, Brazil. The aim is to detect the landscape dynamics: infrastructure and urban planning,
critical landscapes, housing, productive territory, recycling, and public space. The material will be
made available on a digital platform, accessible by computers and mobile devices: a tool specially
developed to enable local communities to disseminate productive and creative practices that occur
in the area, as well as to enable a greater participation in the formulation of public policies. ZL
Vortice is an instrument that will serve to strengthen social, productive, and cultural networks of
the region.

MIT Media Lab

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