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    Kinematics of Fluid Motion: Henryk Kudela

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    Heng
    This document provides an overview of kinematics of fluid motion. It discusses key concepts such as Lagrangian and Eulerian variables for describing fluid flow. Lagrangian variables track the motion of individual particles over time, while Eulerian variables describe the state of the fluid at fixed spatial points. Pathlines, streamlines, and streaklines are also defined. Pathlines show the actual path of particles, streamlines are tangent to the instantaneous velocity at all points, and streaklines connect particles that have sequentially passed through a given point. The document lays important groundwork for further analysis of fluid motion without consideration of external forces.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Kinematics of Fluid Motion: Henryk Kudela

    Uploaded by

    Heng
    30 views4 pages
    This document provides an overview of kinematics of fluid motion. It discusses key concepts such as Lagrangian and Eulerian variables for describing fluid flow. Lagrangian variables track the motion of individual particles over time, while Eulerian variables describe the state of the fluid at fixed spatial points. Pathlines, streamlines, and streaklines are also defined. Pathlines show the actual path of particles, streamlines are tangent to the instantaneous velocity at all points, and streaklines connect particles that have sequentially passed through a given point. The document lays important groundwork for further analysis of fluid motion without consideration of external forces.

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    lecture 7

    Original Title

    Lecture 7

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    This document provides an overview of kinematics of fluid motion. It discusses key concepts such as Lagrangian and Eulerian variables for describing fluid flow. Lagrangian variables track the motion of individual particles over time, while Eulerian variables describe the state of the fluid at fixed spatial points. Pathlines, streamlines, and streaklines are also defined. Pathlines show the actual path of particles, streamlines are tangent to the instantaneous velocity at all points, and streaklines connect particles that have sequentially passed through a given point. The document lays important groundwork for further analysis of fluid motion without consideration of external forces.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views4 pages

    Kinematics of Fluid Motion: Henryk Kudela

    Uploaded by

    Heng
    This document provides an overview of kinematics of fluid motion. It discusses key concepts such as Lagrangian and Eulerian variables for describing fluid flow. Lagrangian variables track the motion of individual particles over time, while Eulerian variables describe the state of the fluid at fixed spatial points. Pathlines, streamlines, and streaklines are also defined. Pathlines show the actual path of particles, streamlines are tangent to the instantaneous velocity at all points, and streaklines connect particles that have sequentially passed through a given point. The document lays important groundwork for further analysis of fluid motion without consideration of external forces.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Kinematics of fluid motion

    Henryk Kudela

    Contents
    1 Kinematical preliminaries
    1.1 Lagrangian variables for the description of the motion . . . . . . . . . . . .
    1.2 Eulerian variables for the description of the motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    1
    2
    2

    2 Fundamentals of flow visualization

    Kinematics - analysis of fluid motion, that is description of motion in terms of displacement, velocity and acceleration but without regard to the forces causing it.

    Kinematical preliminaries

    Fluid flow is a intuitive physical motion which is represented mathematically by continues


    transformation of three-dimensional Euclidean space into itself R3 R3 . Parameter t
    describing the transformation is identified with the time and we may suppose its range to
    be < t < . Each particle of fluid flows follows a certain trajectory (see fig.1). Thus

    Figure 1: Motion of fluid particles


    for each (t = 0) there is a path x(t) = (, t) representing the trajectory of .
    1

    In order to label the different trajectories, let us write (, t) for the path followed by
    with the initial condition (, 0) =
    x = (, t).

    (1)

    The mapping equation (1) specifies the path of particle P initially at ; on the other
    hand, for fixed t equation (1) determines a transformation of the region initially occupied
    by the fluid into its position at time t.
    We assume that initially distinct points remains distinct throughout the entire motion, or,
    in the other words, the transformation (1) possesses an inverse.
    = 1 (x).

    (2)

    The Jacobian of the transformation (1)


    1 (, t)

    2 (,t)
    J = det
    1

    3 (,t)
    c1

    1 (, t)
    2
    2 (, t)
    2
    3 (, t)
    2

    1 (, t)
    3
    2 (, t)
    3
    3 (, t)
    3

    (3)

    must be different form zero:


    0 < J < .

    1.1

    (4)

    Lagrangian variables for the description of the motion

    The variable (, t) which single out individual particles is called material variables or
    Lagrangian variables. The velocity of particle (in Lagrangian variable)and acceleration is
    given by the definition:
    VL =

    1.2

    (, t)
    ,
    t

    aL =

    2 (, t)
    t2

    (5)

    Eulerian variables for the description of the motion

    Although a flow is completely determined by the transformation(1), it is also important to


    consider the state of motion at a given point during the course of time. This is descrived
    by functions
    = (x, t),

    v = v(x, t)

    (6)

    which give the density and velocity , etc., of particle which happens to be at the position
    x at time t. The variables (x, t) used in the field description of the flow is called spacial
    2

    variables or Eulerian variables. By means of equation (1) any quantity f which is a function
    of spatial variable (x, t) is also a function of the material variables (, t), and conversely.
    f (x, t) = f ((, t), t)

    (7)

    Time derivative of f (x, t) is express by the formula


    3

    df (x, t)
    f X
    =
    +
    dt
    t
    i=1

    f d xi
    xi d t

    (8)

    The expression (8) is called substantial derivative( t


    is called as a local, and vf as a
    convective). Acceleration of fluid particle expressed in Eulerian variables:

    vi
    vi
    dvi (x, t)
    =
    +
    vi
    dt
    t
    xi

    (9)

    Fundamentals of flow visualization

    Definition 1 A pathline is the actual path traveled by an individual fluid particle over
    some time period

    x(t) = (, t)
    dx
    =v
    dt

    (10)
    (11)

    Definition 2 A streamline is a curve that is everywhere tangent to the instantaneous


    local velocity vector v = (u, v, w)
    dx
    dy
    dz
    =
    =
    u
    v
    w
    Definition 3 A streakline is the locus of fluid particles that have passed sequentially
    through a prescribed point in the flow
    During this course I will be used the following books:

    References
    [1] F. M. White, 1999. Fluid Mechanics, McGraw-Hill.
    [2] B. R. Munson, D.F Young and T. H. Okiisshi, 1998. Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics,
    John Wiley and Sons, Inc. .
    [3] J.M. McDonough, 2004. Lectures in Elementary Fluid Dynamics: Physics, Mathematics and Applications, University of Kentucky, Lexington.

    Figure 2: Pathline,stremline,streakline

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