FLOOR GB COLUMN C1:(1,A)

Loading Cases
Total Selected Loading Cases = 8
Selected Loading Cases Table
Load
Load
No. Source
Case
Comb.
1
G.L.
Full
LC1
2
G.L.
Min
LC1
3
G.L.
Full
LC1
4
G.L.
Min
LC1
5
N.L.
1
LC2
6
N.L.
2
LC2
7
N.L.
3
LC2
8
N.L.
4
LC2

Analysis
Type
Top
Top
Bot
Bot
Comb.
Comb.
Comb.
Comb.

My

Mz

Vy

Vz

Myi

Mzi

7.1
5.3
12.1
8.9
-3.1
2.4
18.1
16.5

-12.4
-12.4
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
-1.7
-0.2

3.4
3.4
0.0
0.0
-0.2
-0.8
0.4
1.0

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.1
-0.5
0.3
0.7

0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
-1.0
0.0
1.1
0.1

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.8
0.0
-0.8
-0.1

-0.9
-0.9
-0.9
-0.9
-0.1
-0.4
0.2
0.5

Note
Source - Source of Loading (G.L. for Gravity, N.L. for Notional Load)
Load Case - Load Case Number of Wind/Notional Load (Full or Minimum for Gravity), Load Comb. - Load Combination
Number
Analysis Type - Type of Analysis (Top or Bottom Column Part for 2D, 3D for 3D Analysis, P-D for P-Delta Analysis)
P - Axial Force (kN), My / Mz - Bending Moment About Y-Y / Z-Z Axis (kNm)
T - Torsion Force (kN), Vy / Vz - Shear Force in Y-Y / Z-Z Axis (kN)
Myi / Mzi - Initial Bending Moment in Mid Length of Column About Y-Y / Z-Z Axis (kNm)
Load Allowance of 10% has been added to the loading for design purpose
My and Mz above are calculated using Load Allowance x M (from analysis) + M (nominal moment from beams)

Column Nominal Moment From Top Part Beam End Release For Column C1:(1,A)
Number of Beam with Beam End Moment Released = 2
No.
Beam Mark
Width
Eff. Depth Release
1
GB:GB1(200x500)
200
459.0
Yes
2 GB:GB8(200x500) - 1
200
459.0
Yes
Total :

Angle
90.00
0.00

As Prov
226
226

Mu
3.4
12.4

Note
Width, Eff. Depth - Beam Width, Beam Effective Depth for Top Bar, mm
Angle - Angle (Orientation) of beam to the local Z Axis of Column, Degree
AsProv - Top Steel Area Provided of Beam, mm
Mu - Total Moment distributed from the Beam Top Bar, kNm
Muz - Component of Derived Moment distributed to the local Z-Z Axis from the Beam Top Bar, kNm
Muy - Component of Derived Moment distributed to the local Y-Y Axis from the Beam Top Bar, kNm

Sample Calculation for Nominal Moment using Beam GB1(200x500)

Back Calculate Beam End Moment from the Top Rebar of Beam
Mu / bd = p fyd (1 - k2 p fyd / k1)
fyd = 438 N/mm
Steel Ratio Provided, p = As / (b d) = 226 / (200 459.0) = 0.0025
Mu / bd = p fyd (1 - k2 p fyd / k1)
= 0.0025 438 (1 - 0.4518 0.0025 438 / 12.12)
= 1.0360 Nmm / mm
Design Moment due to Beam Top Bar, Mu = 1.0360 200 459 / 1000000 = 43.7 kNm
Moment Muy = -43.7 Cos(90.00) = 0.0 kNm
Moment Muz = 43.7 Sin(90.00) = 43.7 kNm
Beam Relative Stiffness, kBeam = 0.00521m
Angle of Beam to Column Local Axis, 1 = 90.00
Current Column Stiffness = |kzz Sin(1)| + |kyy Cos(1)| = |0.00045 Sin(90.00)| + |0.00045
Cos(90.00)| = 0.00045
Angle of Beam to Top Column Local Axis, 2 = 90.00

Muy
0.0
-12.4
-12.4

Muz
3.4
0.0
3.4

Top Column Stiffness = |kzz Sin(2)| + |kyy Cos(2)| = |0.00019 Sin(90.00)| + |0.00019 Cos(90.00)| =
0.00019
Moment Muy Transferred to Column/Columns = 0.0 (0.00045 + 0.00019) / (0.00045 + 0.00019 + 0.00521) =
0.0 kNm
Moment Muz Transferred to Column/Columns = 43.7 (0.00045 + 0.00019) / (0.00045 + 0.00019 + 0.00521) =
4.8 kNm
Moment Muy Transferred to Column C1:(1,A) = 0.0 0.00045 / (0.00045 + 0.00019) = 0.0 kNm
Moment Muz Transferred to Column C1:(1,A) = 4.8 0.00045 / (0.00045 + 0.00019) = 3.4 kNm
Sample Calculation for Nominal Moment using Beam GB8(200x500) - 1
Back Calculate Beam End Moment from the Top Rebar of Beam
Mu / bd = p fyd (1 - k2 p fyd / k1)
fyd = 438 N/mm
Steel Ratio Provided, p = As / (b d) = 226 / (200 459.0) = 0.0025
Mu / bd = p fyd (1 - k2 p fyd / k1)
= 0.0025 438 (1 - 0.4518 0.0025 438 / 12.12)
= 1.0360 Nmm / mm
Design Moment due to Beam Top Bar, Mu = 1.0360 200 459 / 1000000 = 43.7 kNm
Moment Muy = -43.7 Cos(0.00) = -43.7 kNm
Moment Muz = 43.7 Sin(0.00) = 0.0 kNm
Beam Relative Stiffness, kBeam = 0.00095m
Angle of Beam to Column Local Axis, 1 = 0.00
Current Column Stiffness = |kzz Sin(1)| + |kyy Cos(1)| = |0.00045 Sin(0.00)| + |0.00045 Cos(0.00)|
= 0.00045
Angle of Beam to Top Column Local Axis, 2 = 0.00
Top Column Stiffness = |kzz Sin(2)| + |kyy Cos(2)| = |0.00019 Sin(0.00)| + |0.00019 Cos(0.00)| =
0.00019
Moment Muy Transferred to Column/Columns = -43.7 (0.00045 + 0.00019) / (0.00045 + 0.00019 + 0.00095)
= -17.7 kNm
Moment Muz Transferred to Column/Columns = 0.0 (0.00045 + 0.00019) / (0.00045 + 0.00019 + 0.00095) =
0.0 kNm
Moment Muy Transferred to Column C1:(1,A) = -17.7 0.00045 / (0.00045 + 0.00019) = -12.4 kNm
Moment Muz Transferred to Column C1:(1,A) = 0.0 0.00045 / (0.00045 + 0.00019) = 0.0 kNm

Design / Analysis Result

Selection of Moment for Design and Analysis
My
No
2D/3D NeMin
Mi
Madd Selected Slender
1
-12.4
0.1
-12.4
No
2
-12.4
-0.1
-12.4
No
3
0.0
-0.2
-0.2
No
4
0.0
-0.1
-0.1
No
5
1.5
0.0
1.5
No
6
0.0
0.0
0.0
No
7
-1.7
-0.3
-1.7
No
8
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
No

Mz
2D/3D
3.4
3.4
0.0
0.0
-0.2
-0.8
0.4
1.0

Note
2D/3D - Moment values obtained from 2D/3D analysis process, kNm
NeMin - Moment due to minimum eccentricity x design ultimate axial load, kNm
Mi - Initial moment at the point of maximum additional moment, kNm
Madd - Additional Moment induced by deflection, kNm

NeMin
-0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.2

Mi
-

Madd
-

Selected Slender
3.4
No
3.4
No
0.2
No
0.1
No
-0.2
No
-0.8
No
0.4
No
1.0
No

Selected - Selected moment based on greater of 2D/3D, NeMin and Mi + Madd, kNm

Design / Analysis Result and Status

No
Process
FCap
1
Design
15.1
2
Analysis
11.1
3
Analysis
1197.7
4
Analysis
1197.7
5
Analysis
-40.7
6
Analysis
114.3
7
Analysis
622.9
8
Analysis
841.7

FApplied
7.1
5.3
12.1
8.9
-3.1
2.4
18.1
16.5

MyApplied
-12.4
-12.4
-0.2
-0.1
1.5
0.0
-1.7
-0.2

Note
Process - Indicated whether the load case is run through design / analysis process
F Cap - Maximum axial load capacity of the section (kN)
F Applied - Applied axial load on the section (kN)
Status - Indicate the section Passed/Failed the process
Fail Mode - Mode of failure if the section failed

Section Data
Code of Practice used : BS8110 : 1997
Type of Section Selected : Rectangular Shape

General Data

Concrete Area = 90000.0 mm

Steel Bar Area = 452.4 mm
Steel Ratio = 0.5027 %
Concrete Cover = 25.0 mm
Link Diameter = 10 mm

Figure 1 : Section Dimension

MzApplied
3.4
3.4
0.2
0.1
-0.2
-0.8
0.4
1.0

Status
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass

Fail Mode
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None

Length of Edges
a = 300.00 mm
b = 300.00 mm
c = 300.00 mm
d = 300.00 mm
Angle of Rotation = 0.0

Material Data
Concrete Test Specimen Type : Cube
Concrete Cube Strength, fcu = 30.0 N/mm
Steel Yield Strength, fy = 460.0 N/mm
Ultimate Strain of Concrete, cu = 0.0035
Elastic Modulus of Concrete, Ec = 24597.0 N/mm
Elastic Modulus of Steel, Es = 200000.0 N/mm
Partial Safety Factor of Material for Concrete, c = 1.50
Partial Safety Factor of Material for Steel, s = 1.05

Loading Data
Mx and My is taken with respect to the geometrical centroid of the column
Applied Axial Load = 7.1 kN
Applied Bending Moment about X-X Axis = 3.4 kNm
Applied Bending Moment about Y-Y Axis = 12.4 kNm

Display Outer Vertex For Column Polygon

Points
0
1
2
3

x (mm)
-150.0
150.0
150.0
-150.0

y (mm)
-150.0
-150.0
150.0
150.0

Design/Analysis Status
Moment is taken at the plastic centroid
Axial Force(F) Applied = 7.09 kN
Axial Force(F) Capacity = 15.07 kN
Applied Bending Moment about X-X Axis = 3.36 kNm
Bending Moment Capacity about X-X Axis = 7.14 kNm
Applied Bending Moment about Y-Y Axis = 12.36 kNm
Bending Moment Capacity about Y-Y Axis = 26.27 kNm

Design Passed

k value = 0.652
Note:
k value = ((AsReq) / (AsProv))
AsReq = Area of steel required (mm)
AsProv = Area of steel provided (mm)

Concrete contribution

Figure 2 : Neutral Axis Diagram

Equivalent compressive stress block area = 9520.74 mm
Centroid of equivalent compression Area, X = 132.65mm
Centroid of equivalent compression Area, Y = 26.46mm
Reinforcement Result

Figure 3 : Steel Bar Arrangement Diagram

Bar
1
2
3
4

X,mm
-109.0
109.0
109.0
-109.0

Y,mm
-109.0
-109.0
109.0
109.0

A,mm
113.1
113.1
113.1
113.1

Percentage of steel bar = 0.50 %

Reinforcement Bar Result

NA,mm
Strain,1e-3
232.8
-15.27
16.2
-1.06
-8.1
0.53
208.6
-13.68

Stress,N/mm
-438.1
-212.3
105.8
-438.1
Total

P,kN
-49.55
-24.01
11.97
-49.55
-111.14

Mx,kNm
5.40
2.62
1.30
-5.40
3.92

My,kNm
5.40
-2.62
1.30
5.40
9.49

Verification
Verification of the output results for the Axial Load Capacity
Contribution from concrete = 9520.74*0.447*30.0/1000 = 127.7 kN
Contribution from displaced concrete force = (113.1)*0.447*30.00/1000 = 1.52kN
Contribution from reinforcement bars = -111.14kN
Contribution from composite steel = 0.00kN

Total Axial load = 1.00*(127.70-1.52-111.14+0.00) = 15.04kN

Verification of output results for moment X
The extra moment due to offset in plastic centroid = 0.00kNm
Contribution from concrete = 9520.74*0.447*30.00*(26.46)*/10^6 = 3.38kNm
Contribution from displaced concrete = (113.1*(109.0))*0.447*30.00/106 = 0.17kNm
Contribution from reinforcement bar = 3.92kNm
Contribution from composite steel = 0.00kNm

Total Moment X(Plastic Centroid) =1.00*(3.38-0.17+3.92+0.00) = 7.14kNm

Verification of output results for moment Y
The extra moment due to offset in plastic centroid = 0.00kNm
Contribution from concrete = 9520.74*0.447*30.00*(132.65)*/10^6 = 16.94kNm
Contribution from displaced concrete = (113.1*(109.0))*0.447*30.00/106 = 0.17kNm
Contribution from reinforcement bar = 9.49kNm
Contribution from composite steel = 0.00kNm

Total Moment Y(Plastic Centroid) =1.00*(16.94-0.17+9.49+0.00) = 26.26kNm

Note for Verification Calculation:
Concrete Moment Capacity, Fcd = Fcc*Lever Arm
Concrete Axial Load Capacity, Fcc = Ac*c,max
Ac = Equivalent compressive stress block area or concrete area
Maximum concrete stress, c,max = k1/(2*k2) = 0.404*fcu/(2*0.452) = 0.447*fcu
k1 = Average Concrete Stress above Neutral Axis
k2 = Concrete Lever Arm Factor

Shear & Torsion Design / Checking

Part 1 Clause 3.8.4.6: Shear in columns
Limit about X-X Axis, rXX = 0.6 Hy = 0.6 300 / 1000 = 0.1800 m
Limit about Y-Y Axis, rYY = 0.6 Hx = 0.6 300 / 1000 = 0.1800 m
Table of axial forces, moments and M / N ratios for each load case
No
P (kN)
My (kNm)
Mz (kNm)
1
7.1
12.4
3.4
2
5.3
12.4
3.4
3
12.1
0.2
0.2
4
8.9
0.1
0.1
5
-3.1
-1.5
-0.2
6
2.4
0.0
-0.8
7
18.1
1.7
0.4
8
16.5
0.2
1.0

My / P (m)
1.7427 > 0.1800
2.3305 > 0.1800
0.0150 <= 0.1800
0.0150 <= 0.1800
Not Valid
0.0160 <= 0.1800
0.0946 <= 0.1800
0.0150 <= 0.1800

Mz / P (m)
0.4735 > 0.1800
0.6332 > 0.1800
0.0150 <= 0.1800
0.0150 <= 0.1800
Not Valid
-0.3270 > 0.1800
0.0243 <= 0.1800
0.0622 <= 0.1800

Note
P - Axial Force, My / Mz - Bending Moment About Y-Y / Z-Z Axis
My / P, Mz / P - Bending Moment over Axial Force Ratio

Not all load cases within the limit specified in BS8110:Part1 Clause 3.8.4.6, Check for shear and torsion is
needed
Main Bar Diameter, diaMain = 12.0 mm
Link Bar Diameter, diaLink = 10.0 mm

Link Bar Spacing, SvLink = 125.0 mm

Cover for Shear and Torsion Design from Concrete Surface to Main Bar Surface = 35 mm
Shear And Torsion Calculation in X-X Axis
Section Width, Bx = 300.0 mm
Section Height, Hx = 300.0 mm
Section Effective Depth, dx = Hx - Cover(including link) - diaMain / 2 = 259.0 mm
Link Horizontal Dimension, h1 = b - 2 Side Cover - DiaLink = 300 - 2 25 - 10 = 240 mm
Link Vertical Dimension, v1 = h - 2 Cover - DiaLink = 300 - 2 25 - 10 = 240 mm
Dimension x1 = Min (h1, v1) = 240 mm, y1 = Max (h1, v1) = 240 mm
Section Dimension: Dmin = 300.0 mm, Dmax = 300.0 mm
Torsion Stress, st = 2 T 106 / (Dmin (Dmax - Dmin / 3)) = 0.00 N/mm
Effective depth, d = 259.0 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, ss = V 1000 / (b d) = 1.1 1000 / (300.0 259.0) = 0.01 N/mm
Part 2 : Clause 2.4.6 and Table 2.3
Maximum Combined Stress Allowed, tu = Min (0.8 fcu, 5) = 4.38 N/mm
Total Stress, Tot = ss + st = 0.01 + 0.00 = 0.01 N/mm tu (4.38 N/mm)
Checking for Combined Stress Allowed Pass
Part 2: Clause 2.4.5
Additional Checking While Small Cross Section (y1 < 550 mm)
Larger Link Dimension, y1 = 240.0 mm < 550 mm
tu y1 / 550 = 4.38 240.0 / 550 = 1.91 N/mm
st = 0.00 N/mm 1.91 N/mm
Checking for Torsion Stress Allowed Pass
Part 2 : Clause 2.4.5, 2.4.6 Table 2.3
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, tu = Min (0.8 30, 5) = 4.38 N/mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, ss = V 1000 / (b d) = 1.1 1000 / (300.0 259.0) = 0.01 N/mm Max
(4.38 N/mm)
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass
Minimum Design Shear Stress, Min = 0.40 N/mm
Tension Steel Area Provided, Ast = 0 mm
- Table 3.8: Values of c, design concrete shear stress
Steel Percentage, 100 As / (bv d) = 0.15 % 3.0 %
0.15% of steel is used for calculation of compressive member
Effective Depth Ratio, edr = 400 / d = 400 / 259.0 = 1.544
(400 / d)^ = 1.115 1
Minimum fcu, fcuMin = 25 N/mm, Concrete Grade Ratio, Min(fcu, 40) / fcuMin = 30 / 25 = 1.200
Concrete Shear Capacity, c = 0.79 {100 As / (bv d)} (400 / d) (fcu / 25) / m
= 0.79 {0.15} 1.115 (1.200) / 1.25 = 0.40 N/mm
Clause 3.4.5.12: eqn. 6a
VhM Ratio = V h / M = 1149 300.0 / 12356323 = 0.03
Design Shear Capacity, c1' = c + 0.60 (N / Ac) VhM
= 0.398 + 0.60 (18069.7 / 90000.0) 0.03
= 0.401 N/mm
Clause 3.4.5.12: eqn. 6b
Design Shear Capacity, c2' = c SQRT[(1 + N / (Ac c)]
= 0.398 SQRT[(1 + 18069.7 / (90000.0) 0.40]
= 0.488 N/mm

Design Shear Capacity, c2' > c1' --> Use c1' for design
ss = 0.015 < c' + 0.4, Provides only minimum link
Design for minimum Shear Stress, d = min = 0.40 N/mm
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = (vd b) / (fyy fy) = (0.40 300) / (0.95 460) = 0.274
mm/mm
- BS8110: Part 2: Clause 2.4.7
Torsion Steel Area / Spacing Ratio, TAs_Sv = T 1000000 / (0.8 x1 y1 fyv / s )
= 0.001 1000000 / (0.8 240 240 0.95 460) = 0.00 mm/mm
Torsion Steel Area Provided, TAsProv = 2 Pi * diaLink / 4 = 157.1 mm
TAs_Sv Provided, C = TAsProv / Sv = 157.1 / 125.0 = 1.26 mm/mm
Shear Torsion Combined Ratio, K = (LinkLoop C - TAs_SvReq) / SAs_SvReq
= (1 1.26 - 0.00) / 0.27
= 4.588 >= 1
Checking for Shear & Torsion Combined Passed
Shear And Torsion Calculation in Y-Y Axis
Section Width, By = 300.0 mm
Section Height, Hy = 300.0 mm
Section Effective Depth, dy = Hy - Cover(including link) - diaMain / 2 = 259.0 mm
Link Horizontal Dimension, h1 = b - 2 Side Cover - DiaLink = 300 - 2 25 - 10 = 240 mm
Link Vertical Dimension, v1 = h - 2 Cover - DiaLink = 300 - 2 25 - 10 = 240 mm
Dimension x1 = Min (h1, v1) = 240 mm, y1 = Max (h1, v1) = 240 mm
Section Dimension: Dmin = 300.0 mm, Dmax = 300.0 mm
Torsion Stress, st = 2 T 106 / (Dmin (Dmax - Dmin / 3)) = 0.00 N/mm
Effective depth, d = 259.0 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, ss = V 1000 / (b d) = 0.7 1000 / (300.0 259.0) = 0.01 N/mm
Part 2 : Clause 2.4.6 and Table 2.3
Maximum Combined Stress Allowed, tu = Min (0.8 fcu, 5) = 4.38 N/mm
Total Stress, Tot = ss + st = 0.01 + 0.00 = 0.01 N/mm tu (4.38 N/mm)
Checking for Combined Stress Allowed Pass
Part 2: Clause 2.4.5
Additional Checking While Small Cross Section (y1 < 550 mm)
Larger Link Dimension, y1 = 240.0 mm < 550 mm
tu y1 / 550 = 4.38 240.0 / 550 = 1.91 N/mm
st = 0.00 N/mm 1.91 N/mm
Checking for Torsion Stress Allowed Pass
Part 2 : Clause 2.4.5, 2.4.6 Table 2.3
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, tu = Min (0.8 30, 5) = 4.38 N/mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, ss = V 1000 / (b d) = 0.7 1000 / (300.0 259.0) = 0.01 N/mm Max
(4.38 N/mm)
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass
Minimum Design Shear Stress, Min = 0.40 N/mm
Tension Steel Area Provided, Ast = 0 mm
- Table 3.8: Values of c, design concrete shear stress
Steel Percentage, 100 As / (bv d) = 0.15 % 3.0 %
0.15% of steel is used for calculation of compressive member
Effective Depth Ratio, edr = 400 / d = 400 / 259.0 = 1.544
(400 / d)^ = 1.115 1
Minimum fcu, fcuMin = 25 N/mm, Concrete Grade Ratio, Min(fcu, 40) / fcuMin = 30 / 25 = 1.200
Concrete Shear Capacity, c = 0.79 {100 As / (bv d)} (400 / d) (fcu / 25) / m

= 0.79 {0.15} 1.115 (1.200) / 1.25 = 0.40 N/mm

Clause 3.4.5.12: eqn. 6a
VhM Ratio = V h / M = 686 300.0 / 3357336 = 0.06
Design Shear Capacity, c1' = c + 0.60 (N / Ac) VhM
= 0.398 + 0.60 (18069.7 / 90000.0) 0.06
= 0.405 N/mm
Clause 3.4.5.12: eqn. 6b
Design Shear Capacity, c2' = c SQRT[(1 + N / (Ac c)]
= 0.398 SQRT[(1 + 18069.7 / (90000.0) 0.40]
= 0.488 N/mm
Design Shear Capacity, c2' > c1' --> Use c1' for design
ss = 0.009 < c' + 0.4, Provides only minimum link
Design for minimum Shear Stress, d = min = 0.40 N/mm
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = (vd b) / (fyy fy) = (0.40 300) / (0.95 460) = 0.274
mm/mm
- BS8110: Part 2: Clause 2.4.7
Torsion Steel Area / Spacing Ratio, TAs_Sv = T 1000000 / (0.8 x1 y1 fyv / s )
= 0.001 1000000 / (0.8 250 250 0.95 460) = 0.00 mm/mm
Torsion Steel Area Provided, TAsProv = 2 Pi * diaLink / 4 = 157.1 mm
TAs_Sv Provided, C = TAsProv / Sv = 157.1 / 125.0 = 1.26 mm/mm
Shear Torsion Combined Ratio, K = (LinkLoop C - TAs_SvReq) / SAs_SvReq
= (1 1.26 - 0.00) / 0.27
= 4.588 >= 1
Checking for Shear & Torsion Combined Passed
Link Provided T10 - 125

MATERIAL AND DESIGN DATA

Load Allowance = 10.0 %
Soil Bearing Capacity = 100.0 kN/m
Minimum Steel Percentage Permitted = 0.30 %
Maximum Steel Percentage Permitted = 4.00 %
Minimum Rebar Spacing Allowed = 100 mm
Maximum Rebar Spacing Allowed = 250 mm
Enhanced Shear Multiplier = 1.5
Code of Practice

fcu (N/mm)

BS8110 : 1997

30

Lean Concrete
fcu (N/mm)
10

Cover (mm)
50

Ec, (N/mm)

fy (N/mm)

24597

460

1.5

1.05

Conc. Unit Weight (kN/m)

24

DESIGN REPORT FOR PAD FOOTING P1 C1:(1,A)

Element/Elements Supported = Column C1:(1,A)

FOOTING DESIGN LOADING TABLE

Loading Number Selected for Foundation Design = 5

Steel Unit Weight (kg/m)

7860

No. Source
1
2
3
4
5
6

G.L.
G.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.

Load
Case
G.
G.
1
2
3
4

Load
Comb.
LC1
LC1
LC2
LC2
LC2
LC2

P (D.L.)
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1

P (L.L.)
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2

Service Load
P (W.L.)
0.0
0.0
-7.2
-5.8
7.2
5.8

Mx
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

My
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

LLR.

P Ult.

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

7.9
7.9
0.7
2.0
15.1
13.7

1.40
1.40
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20

Note
Source - Source of Loading (G.L. for Gravity, W.L. for Wind Load, N.L. for Notional Load, S.L. for Seismic Load)
Load Case - Load Case Number of Wind/Notional Load (G. for Gravity)
Load Comb. - Load Combination Number
Service Load - Foundation Service Load from Column (kN)
LLR. - Live Load Reduction from Stump and above (kN)
P Ult. - Ultimate Axial Force after multiply by Foundation Load Combination (kN)
F - Load Factor use in foundation design
Moment value automatically set to 0 when M / P ratio less than 5.0 mm
Foundation live load reduction only can be carried out after running 3D Analysis together with Column/Wall live load reduction
set to True

DESIGN RESULT
Equivalent loadings imposed
Equivalent Column Load = 16.56kN
Equivalent Column moment X = 0.00kNm
Equivalent Column moment Y = 0.00kNm
Load Allowance = 10%

Pad Footing
Pad Footing self-weight Load =1.22kN
Pad Footing self-weight moment X =0.00kNm
Pad Footing self-weight moment Y=0.00kNm

Total Loadings
Total load applied = 17.78kN
Total moment X applied =0.00kNm
Total moment Y applied =0.00kNm

Soil Pressure Checking

P = 17.78 kN ; Mx = 0 kNm ; My = 0 kNm
Soil bearing pressure = 100 kN/m
Footing width, B = 0.45 m
Footing length, L = 0.45 m
Soil pressure = P / (BL) = 17.78 / (0.45 0.45) = 87.8 kN/m 100 kN/m

Status:

Design Passed
Pad Footing Cross Section Information
Point 0:{-225,-225} mm
Point 1:{225,-225} mm
Point 2:{225,225} mm
Point 3:{-225,225} mm
Pad Footing center = {0.00,0.00} mm
B = 450
L = 450

Thickness =250mm
Pad Footing Density = 24kN/m^3
Pad Footing weight = 1kN
The depth of the footing slab = 250mm
The effective depth for reinforcement in x direction = 176mm
The effective depth for reinforcement in y direction = 188mm
Total depth = Effective depth of rebar + rebar radius + concrete cover
Total depth = 188+6+50=244250mm

Show Earth Pressure Calculation

Earth Pressure, = Ultimate Safety Factor Axial load / Pad area
= 1.40 16.6*10^6 / 202500 = 114.5 kN/m

The Detailed Calculations for Footing Thickness and Reinforcement Bars

Detailed Moment Calculation
The moment is taken at 0 times of the column face to the column center
= Earth pressure = 114.5kN/m

The Calculation of Ultimate State Moment X

xeffect = 450.00/2.0-0.0*300.00/2.0 = 225mm
Moment X = *y*xeffect/2
Moment X = 114.5*450*225^2/2.0/10^9
Moment X = 1.30kNm

The Calculation of Ultimate State Moment Y

yeffect = 450.00/2.0-0.0*300.00/2.0 = 225mm
Moment Y = *x*yeffect/2
Moment Y = 114.5*450*225^2/2.0/10^9
Moment Y = 1.30kNm

Check Thickness Constraint

250mm is a multiple of 50mm
Footing thickness constraint checking pass!!

Check Footing Depth

Footing slab depth minimum thickness
250mm 250mm
Footing depth checking pass!!

Moment Checking
Clause 3.4.4.4 singly R.C. design(Reinforced Concrete Design, Mosley second edition, pp 62-66)
Mx<=fcu*B*dk'
My<=fcu*L*dk'
k'=kk1/fcu
kk1=cb*k1*(1-cb*k2)
cb=limiting effective depth factor = 0.5
Mx and My are ultimate limit state moment
k1 = (0.45-0.15fcu/17.86)fcu
k1 = [0.45-0.15*30.00/17.86] 30.00 = 12.12
k2=1-0.45*fcu*(0.5-fcu/3828)/k1
k2=1-0.45*30.00*(0.5-30.00/3828)/12.12 = 0.45

kk1 = cb*k1*(1-cb*k2)
kk1 = 0.50*12.12*(1- 0.50*0.45) = 4.69
k'=kk1/fcu
k' = 4.69/30.00 = 0.156

Steel Area Calculation

k' =M/(fcu*b*d^2)
z = Min (d{0.5+(0.25-k'/(2*0.67/c))}, 0.95*d)
Steel area = M/(fy*z/s)
M = Ultimate limit state Bending Moment
d = effective depth
c = partial safety factor for concrete
s = partial safety factor for steel
fy = yield strength for steel

Steel Area in X Direction

k = 10^6*1.30/(30*450*176) = 0.0031
lever arm = 176*(0.5+(0.25-(0.0031)/2*0.67/1.50))) = 175 mm
lever arm = Min (lever arm, 0.95*176) = 167 mm
Steel area x due to moment = 10^6*1.30/(460/1.05*167) =18 mm
Steel area that are due to minimum requirement = (steel min percentage)*cut sectional area/100 =
0.3*450*250/100=337.50 mm
Steel area provided = 339 mm
Check for moment in x direction
fcu*b*dk'>=Mx
30.00*450*176*0.16/10^6 = 65.39kNm>=1.30=1.30kNm
Moment checking pass
Check for steel percentage:
Steel percentage x = 100*339/(450*250.0) = 0.30%
The steel percentage is OK
Check for the sufficiency of steel area provided in x direction
3T12 is used
The total bar area is = 3.142*3*12^2/4 = 339mm
The steel area provided 339 mm
338<339 mm
Area provided is sufficient!!
Check for bar spacing:
Bar spacing in x = 150
Bar diameter in x = 12mm
The bar spacing is ok
Check for bar diameter:
Bar diameter in x = 12mm
The bar diameter is ok

Steel Area in Y Direction

k = 10^6*1.30/(30*450*188) = 0.0027
lever arm = 188*(0.5+(0.25-(0.0027)/2*0.67/1.50))) = 187 mm
lever arm = Min (lever arm, 0.95*188) = 179 mm
Steel area y due to moment = 10^6*1.30/(460/1.05*179) =17 mm
Steel area that are due to minimum requirement = (steel min percentage)*cut sectional area/100 =
0.3*450*250/100=337.50 mm
Steel area provided = 339 mm

Check for moment in y direction

fcu*b*dk'>=My
30.00*450*188*0.16/10^6 = 74.61kNm>=1.30=1.30kNm
Moment checking pass
Check for steel percentage:
Steel percentage y = 100*339/(450*250.0) = 0.30%
The steel percentage is OK
Check for the sufficiency of steel area provided in y direction
3T12 is used
The total bar area is = 3.142*3*12^2/4 = 339mm
The steel area provided 339 mm
338<339 mm
Area provided is sufficient!!
Check for bar spacing:
Bar spacing in y = 150
Bar diameter in y = 12mm
The bar spacing is ok
Check for bar diameter:
Bar diameter in y = 12mm
The bar diameter is ok

Check for Punching Shear

Shearing capacity = 0.79*((100*As/(b*d)^1/3)*((fcu/25)^1/3)*((400/d)^1/4)/c
With
As is the minimum steel ratio in the two directions, x and y
100*As/(b*d) should not be taken as greater than 3
(400/d)^1/4 should not be taken as less than 0.67
fcu should not be taken as greater than 40 or less than 25
fcu = min(40, max (25, fcu)) = min (40, max (25, 30)) = 30
Cut Area X = 450*176=79200mm
Cut Area Y = 450*188=84600mm
Average steel % = 100*(Steel Area X + Steel Area Y)/(Cut Area X+Cut Area Y)=100*(339+339)/
(79200+84600)=0.41
Effective steel percentage = Min(Average steel %, 3) = 0.41%
thickness = (176+188)/2=182
Inverted thickness = max(0.67,(400/thickness^(1/4)))
Inverted thickness = max(0.67, (400/(182))^(1/4) )= 1.22
Shearing capacity, vc = 0.79*0.41^(1/3)*1.22*(30/25.0)^(1/3)/1.25 = 0.62 N/mm^2
The most critical section is checked at 0.2d
Check for the case if the critical section occurs at 0.20*depth
Enhanced shear factor multiplier, esm = 1.5
Enhanced Shear factor = Max(esm/k, 1)= Max(1.5/0.20,1) = 7.50d
Real shear capacity, vc = vc*enchanced Shear Factor = 0.62 7.50 = 4.62 N/mm
k = 0.20
The dimension of the critical section
B' = B + 2 k d
B' = 300 + 2 0.20 182.0 = 373 mm
L' = L + 2 k d
L' = 300 + 2 0.20 182.0 = 373 mm
Punching Shear Force = (total pad area - area inside critical perimeter)
Punching Shear Force = 114.5 (0.203 - 0.373*0.373) = 7.274 kN

punching shear stress = 10^3 7/((2 373 + 2 373)*182)= 0.03 <= vc = 4.62 N/mm
Punching Shear Pass!

Check for Ultimate Shear

shear stress = Ultimate axial load/(ColPerimeter*d)<=Min (0.8fcu, 5)
shear stress = 23.2*10^3/(1200*182) = 0.11 N/mm
0.11 <= 4.38
Ultimate Shear Checking Pass!

Check for Flexural Shear

Shearing capacity = 0.79*((100*As/(b*d)^1/3)*((fcu/25)^1/3)*((400/d)^1/4)/c
With
As is the minimum steel ratio in the two directions, x and y
100*As/(b*d) should not be taken as greater than 3
(400/d)^1/4 should not be taken as less than 0.67
fcu should not be taken as greater than 40 or less than 25

Un-enhanced Shear Capacity in X direction

fcu = min(40, max (25, fcu)) = min (40, max (25, 30)) = 30
Effective steel percentage = Min(steel percentage, 3) = 0.43%
Inverted thickness = max(0.67,(400/thickness^(1/4)))
Inverted thickness = max(0.67, (400/(176))^(1/4) )= 1.23
Shearing capacity X, vcX = 0.79*0.43^(1/3)*1.23*(30/25.0)^(1/3)/1.25 = 0.62 N/mm^2

Un-enhanced Shear Capacity in Y direction

fcu = min(40, max (25, fcu)) = min (40, max (25, 30)) = 30
Effective steel percentage = Min(steel percentage, 3) = 0.43%
Inverted thickness = max(0.67,(400/thickness^(1/4)))
Inverted thickness = max(0.67, (400/(176))^(1/4) )= 1.23
Shearing capacity Y, vcY= 0.79*0.43^(1/3)*1.23*(30/25.0)^(1/3)/1.25 = 0.62 N/mm^2
The flexural shear is checked at 0.40d from column face at left portion of the cap
Enhanced shear multiplier, esm = 1.50
Enhanced shear factor = Max(esm/k,1) = Max(1.50/0.40,1) = 3.75
Enhanced shear capacity, vc' = 0.62 3.75 = 2.33 N/mm
Flexural shear stress = 0 10/(450*176) = 0.00 vc' = 2.33 N/mm
Flexural Shear Checking Pass!
The flexural shear is checked at 0.40d from column face at right portion of the cap
Enhanced shear multiplier, esm = 1.50
Enhanced shear factor = Max(esm/k,1) = Max(1.50/0.40,1) = 3.75
Enhanced shear capacity, vc' = 0.62 3.75 = 2.33 N/mm
Flexural shear stress = 0 10/(450*176) = 0.00 vc' = 2.33 N/mm
Flexural Shear Checking Pass!
The flexural shear is checked at 0.35d from column face at upper portion of the cap
Enhanced shear multiplier, esm = 1.50
Enhanced shear factor = Max(esm/k,1) = Max(1.50/0.35,1) = 4.29
Enhanced shear capacity, vc' = 0.60 4.29 = 2.56 N/mm
Flexural shear stress = 0 10/(450*188) = 0.01 vc' = 2.56 N/mm
Flexural Shear Checking Pass!
The flexural shear is checked at 0.35d from column face at lower portion of the cap
Enhanced shear multiplier, esm = 1.50
Enhanced shear factor = Max(esm/k,1) = Max(1.50/0.35,1) = 4.29

Enhanced shear capacity, vc' = 0.60 4.29 = 2.56 N/mm

Flexural shear stress = 0 10/(450*188) = 0.01 vc' = 2.56 N/mm
Flexural Shear Checking Pass!

MATERIAL AND DESIGN DATA

Load Allowance = 10.0 %
Soil Bearing Capacity = 100.0 kN/m
Minimum Steel Percentage Permitted = 0.30 %
Maximum Steel Percentage Permitted = 4.00 %
Minimum Rebar Spacing Allowed = 100 mm
Maximum Rebar Spacing Allowed = 250 mm
Enhanced Shear Multiplier = 1.5
Code of Practice

fcu (N/mm)

BS8110 : 1997

30

Lean Concrete
fcu (N/mm)
10

Cover (mm)
50

Ec, (N/mm)

fy (N/mm)

24597

460

1.5

1.05

Conc. Unit Weight (kN/m)

24

Steel Unit Weight (kg/m)

7860

DESIGN REPORT FOR PAD FOOTING P1 C1:(1,A)

Element/Elements Supported = Column C1:(1,A)

FOOTING DESIGN LOADING TABLE

Loading Number Selected for Foundation Design = 5
No. Source
1
2
3
4
5
6

G.L.
G.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.
N.L.

Load
Case
G.
G.
1
2
3
4

Load
Comb.
LC1
LC1
LC2
LC2
LC2
LC2

P (D.L.)
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1

P (L.L.)
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2

Service Load
P (W.L.)
0.0
0.0
-7.2
-5.8
7.2
5.8

Mx
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

My
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

LLR.

P Ult.

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

7.9
7.9
0.7
2.0
15.1
13.7

1.40
1.40
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20

Note
Source - Source of Loading (G.L. for Gravity, W.L. for Wind Load, N.L. for Notional Load, S.L. for Seismic Load)
Load Case - Load Case Number of Wind/Notional Load (G. for Gravity)
Load Comb. - Load Combination Number
Service Load - Foundation Service Load from Column (kN)
LLR. - Live Load Reduction from Stump and above (kN)
P Ult. - Ultimate Axial Force after multiply by Foundation Load Combination (kN)
F - Load Factor use in foundation design
Moment value automatically set to 0 when M / P ratio less than 5.0 mm
Foundation live load reduction only can be carried out after running 3D Analysis together with Column/Wall live load reduction
set to True

DESIGN RESULT
Equivalent loadings imposed

Equivalent Column Load = 16.56kN

Equivalent Column moment X = 0.00kNm
Equivalent Column moment Y = 0.00kNm
Load Allowance = 10%

Pad Footing
Pad Footing self-weight Load =1.22kN
Pad Footing self-weight moment X =0.00kNm
Pad Footing self-weight moment Y=0.00kNm

Total Loadings
Total load applied = 17.78kN
Total moment X applied =0.00kNm
Total moment Y applied =0.00kNm

Soil Pressure Checking

P = 17.78 kN ; Mx = 0 kNm ; My = 0 kNm
Soil bearing pressure = 100 kN/m
Footing width, B = 0.45 m
Footing length, L = 0.45 m
Soil pressure = P / (BL) = 17.78 / (0.45 0.45) = 87.8 kN/m 100 kN/m

Status:

Design Passed
Pad Footing Cross Section Information
Point 0:{-225,-225} mm
Point 1:{225,-225} mm
Point 2:{225,225} mm
Point 3:{-225,225} mm
Pad Footing center = {0.00,0.00} mm
B = 450
L = 450
Thickness =250mm
Pad Footing Density = 24kN/m^3
Pad Footing weight = 1kN
The depth of the footing slab = 250mm
The effective depth for reinforcement in x direction = 176mm
The effective depth for reinforcement in y direction = 188mm
Total depth = Effective depth of rebar + rebar radius + concrete cover
Total depth = 188+6+50=244250mm

Show Earth Pressure Calculation

Earth Pressure, = Ultimate Safety Factor Axial load / Pad area
= 1.40 16.6*10^6 / 202500 = 114.5 kN/m

The Detailed Calculations for Footing Thickness and Reinforcement Bars

Detailed Moment Calculation
The moment is taken at 0 times of the column face to the column center
= Earth pressure = 114.5kN/m

The Calculation of Ultimate State Moment X

xeffect = 450.00/2.0-0.0*300.00/2.0 = 225mm
Moment X = *y*xeffect/2

Moment X = 114.5*450*225^2/2.0/10^9
Moment X = 1.30kNm

The Calculation of Ultimate State Moment Y

yeffect = 450.00/2.0-0.0*300.00/2.0 = 225mm
Moment Y = *x*yeffect/2
Moment Y = 114.5*450*225^2/2.0/10^9
Moment Y = 1.30kNm

Check Thickness Constraint

250mm is a multiple of 50mm
Footing thickness constraint checking pass!!

Check Footing Depth

Footing slab depth minimum thickness
250mm 250mm
Footing depth checking pass!!

Moment Checking
Clause 3.4.4.4 singly R.C. design(Reinforced Concrete Design, Mosley second edition, pp 62-66)
Mx<=fcu*B*dk'
My<=fcu*L*dk'
k'=kk1/fcu
kk1=cb*k1*(1-cb*k2)
cb=limiting effective depth factor = 0.5
Mx and My are ultimate limit state moment
k1 = (0.45-0.15fcu/17.86)fcu
k1 = [0.45-0.15*30.00/17.86] 30.00 = 12.12
k2=1-0.45*fcu*(0.5-fcu/3828)/k1
k2=1-0.45*30.00*(0.5-30.00/3828)/12.12 = 0.45
kk1 = cb*k1*(1-cb*k2)
kk1 = 0.50*12.12*(1- 0.50*0.45) = 4.69
k'=kk1/fcu
k' = 4.69/30.00 = 0.156

Steel Area Calculation

k' =M/(fcu*b*d^2)
z = Min (d{0.5+(0.25-k'/(2*0.67/c))}, 0.95*d)
Steel area = M/(fy*z/s)
M = Ultimate limit state Bending Moment
d = effective depth
c = partial safety factor for concrete
s = partial safety factor for steel
fy = yield strength for steel

Steel Area in X Direction

k = 10^6*1.30/(30*450*176) = 0.0031
lever arm = 176*(0.5+(0.25-(0.0031)/2*0.67/1.50))) = 175 mm
lever arm = Min (lever arm, 0.95*176) = 167 mm
Steel area x due to moment = 10^6*1.30/(460/1.05*167) =18 mm
Steel area that are due to minimum requirement = (steel min percentage)*cut sectional area/100 =
0.3*450*250/100=337.50 mm

Steel area provided = 339 mm

Check for moment in x direction
fcu*b*dk'>=Mx
30.00*450*176*0.16/10^6 = 65.39kNm>=1.30=1.30kNm
Moment checking pass
Check for steel percentage:
Steel percentage x = 100*339/(450*250.0) = 0.30%
The steel percentage is OK
Check for the sufficiency of steel area provided in x direction
3T12 is used
The total bar area is = 3.142*3*12^2/4 = 339mm
The steel area provided 339 mm
338<339 mm
Area provided is sufficient!!
Check for bar spacing:
Bar spacing in x = 150
Bar diameter in x = 12mm
The bar spacing is ok
Check for bar diameter:
Bar diameter in x = 12mm
The bar diameter is ok

Steel Area in Y Direction

k = 10^6*1.30/(30*450*188) = 0.0027
lever arm = 188*(0.5+(0.25-(0.0027)/2*0.67/1.50))) = 187 mm
lever arm = Min (lever arm, 0.95*188) = 179 mm
Steel area y due to moment = 10^6*1.30/(460/1.05*179) =17 mm
Steel area that are due to minimum requirement = (steel min percentage)*cut sectional area/100 =
0.3*450*250/100=337.50 mm
Steel area provided = 339 mm
Check for moment in y direction
fcu*b*dk'>=My
30.00*450*188*0.16/10^6 = 74.61kNm>=1.30=1.30kNm
Moment checking pass
Check for steel percentage:
Steel percentage y = 100*339/(450*250.0) = 0.30%
The steel percentage is OK
Check for the sufficiency of steel area provided in y direction
3T12 is used
The total bar area is = 3.142*3*12^2/4 = 339mm
The steel area provided 339 mm
338<339 mm
Area provided is sufficient!!
Check for bar spacing:
Bar spacing in y = 150
Bar diameter in y = 12mm
The bar spacing is ok
Check for bar diameter:
Bar diameter in y = 12mm
The bar diameter is ok

Check for Punching Shear

Shearing capacity = 0.79*((100*As/(b*d)^1/3)*((fcu/25)^1/3)*((400/d)^1/4)/c
With
As is the minimum steel ratio in the two directions, x and y
100*As/(b*d) should not be taken as greater than 3
(400/d)^1/4 should not be taken as less than 0.67
fcu should not be taken as greater than 40 or less than 25
fcu = min(40, max (25, fcu)) = min (40, max (25, 30)) = 30
Cut Area X = 450*176=79200mm
Cut Area Y = 450*188=84600mm
Average steel % = 100*(Steel Area X + Steel Area Y)/(Cut Area X+Cut Area Y)=100*(339+339)/
(79200+84600)=0.41
Effective steel percentage = Min(Average steel %, 3) = 0.41%
thickness = (176+188)/2=182
Inverted thickness = max(0.67,(400/thickness^(1/4)))
Inverted thickness = max(0.67, (400/(182))^(1/4) )= 1.22
Shearing capacity, vc = 0.79*0.41^(1/3)*1.22*(30/25.0)^(1/3)/1.25 = 0.62 N/mm^2
The most critical section is checked at 0.2d
Check for the case if the critical section occurs at 0.20*depth
Enhanced shear factor multiplier, esm = 1.5
Enhanced Shear factor = Max(esm/k, 1)= Max(1.5/0.20,1) = 7.50d
Real shear capacity, vc = vc*enchanced Shear Factor = 0.62 7.50 = 4.62 N/mm
k = 0.20
The dimension of the critical section
B' = B + 2 k d
B' = 300 + 2 0.20 182.0 = 373 mm
L' = L + 2 k d
L' = 300 + 2 0.20 182.0 = 373 mm
Punching Shear Force = (total pad area - area inside critical perimeter)
Punching Shear Force = 114.5 (0.203 - 0.373*0.373) = 7.274 kN
punching shear stress = 10^3 7/((2 373 + 2 373)*182)= 0.03 <= vc = 4.62 N/mm
Punching Shear Pass!

Check for Ultimate Shear

shear stress = Ultimate axial load/(ColPerimeter*d)<=Min (0.8fcu, 5)
shear stress = 23.2*10^3/(1200*182) = 0.11 N/mm
0.11 <= 4.38
Ultimate Shear Checking Pass!

Check for Flexural Shear

Shearing capacity = 0.79*((100*As/(b*d)^1/3)*((fcu/25)^1/3)*((400/d)^1/4)/c
With
As is the minimum steel ratio in the two directions, x and y
100*As/(b*d) should not be taken as greater than 3
(400/d)^1/4 should not be taken as less than 0.67
fcu should not be taken as greater than 40 or less than 25

Un-enhanced Shear Capacity in X direction

fcu = min(40, max (25, fcu)) = min (40, max (25, 30)) = 30
Effective steel percentage = Min(steel percentage, 3) = 0.43%

Inverted thickness = max(0.67,(400/thickness^(1/4)))

Inverted thickness = max(0.67, (400/(176))^(1/4) )= 1.23
Shearing capacity X, vcX = 0.79*0.43^(1/3)*1.23*(30/25.0)^(1/3)/1.25 = 0.62 N/mm^2

Un-enhanced Shear Capacity in Y direction

fcu = min(40, max (25, fcu)) = min (40, max (25, 30)) = 30
Effective steel percentage = Min(steel percentage, 3) = 0.43%
Inverted thickness = max(0.67,(400/thickness^(1/4)))
Inverted thickness = max(0.67, (400/(176))^(1/4) )= 1.23
Shearing capacity Y, vcY= 0.79*0.43^(1/3)*1.23*(30/25.0)^(1/3)/1.25 = 0.62 N/mm^2
The flexural shear is checked at 0.40d from column face at left portion of the cap
Enhanced shear multiplier, esm = 1.50
Enhanced shear factor = Max(esm/k,1) = Max(1.50/0.40,1) = 3.75
Enhanced shear capacity, vc' = 0.62 3.75 = 2.33 N/mm
Flexural shear stress = 0 10/(450*176) = 0.00 vc' = 2.33 N/mm
Flexural Shear Checking Pass!
The flexural shear is checked at 0.40d from column face at right portion of the cap
Enhanced shear multiplier, esm = 1.50
Enhanced shear factor = Max(esm/k,1) = Max(1.50/0.40,1) = 3.75
Enhanced shear capacity, vc' = 0.62 3.75 = 2.33 N/mm
Flexural shear stress = 0 10/(450*176) = 0.00 vc' = 2.33 N/mm
Flexural Shear Checking Pass!
The flexural shear is checked at 0.35d from column face at upper portion of the cap
Enhanced shear multiplier, esm = 1.50
Enhanced shear factor = Max(esm/k,1) = Max(1.50/0.35,1) = 4.29
Enhanced shear capacity, vc' = 0.60 4.29 = 2.56 N/mm
Flexural shear stress = 0 10/(450*188) = 0.01 vc' = 2.56 N/mm
Flexural Shear Checking Pass!
The flexural shear is checked at 0.35d from column face at lower portion of the cap
Enhanced shear multiplier, esm = 1.50
Enhanced shear factor = Max(esm/k,1) = Max(1.50/0.35,1) = 4.29
Enhanced shear capacity, vc' = 0.60 4.29 = 2.56 N/mm
Flexural shear stress = 0 10/(450*188) = 0.01 vc' = 2.56 N/mm
Flexural Shear Checking Pass!

On Slab / Sub-Slab Mark: FS2:1

Thickness of Slab = 125 mm
Design Bending Moment = 0.04 kNm
Average Concrete Stress above Neutral Axis, k1 = 0.40 30.0 = 12.12 N/mm
Concrete Lever Arm Factor, k2 = 0.4518
Limiting Effective Depth Factor, cb = 0.50
Limiting Concrete Moment Capacity Factor, kk1 = cb k1 (1 - cb k2)
= 0.50 12.12 (1 - 0.50 0.4518) = 4.691N/mm
k2 / k1 Factor, kkk = 0.037
Mu / bd = 0.0 1000000 / (1000.0 95.0) = 0.005 N/mm
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd < kk1
Mu / bd = 0.005 <= 4.691
Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam
Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 0.037 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 b x / 1000 = 12.12 1000 0.037 / 1000 = 0.45 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc 1000 / (fy / s) = 0.45 1000 / (460 / 1.05) = 2 mm
Moment Capacity = Fc (d - k2 x) / 1000 = 0.45 (95.0 - 0.4518 0.037) / 1000 = 0.0 kNm

Maximum Depth of Section = 125.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.13% 1000.0 125.0 = 163 mm
Top Tension Steel Area Required = 163 mm
Use 10T10 - 250 mm (c/c) - TT (314 mm / m)

DETAIL CALCULATION FOR BEAM MARK : GB1(200x500)

Beam Located along grid A/1-2

Number of Span within beam = 3
Number of Section defined by user = 4
Number of Supports = 4
Beam Cantilever End = Nil.
Section Dimension Data
Span

Section

1
2
3
4

2
3

Length
(mm)
400
2025
1350
5025

Width
(mm)
200
200
200
200

Begin Depth
(mm)
500
500
500
500

MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Maximum Concrete Strain, Ecc = 0.0035
Average Concrete Stress above Neutral Axis, k1 = 12.12 N/mm
Concrete Lever Arm Factor, k2 = 0.4518
Limiting Effective Depth Factor, cb = 0.50
k2 / k1 Factor, kkk = 0.0373
Limiting Concrete Moment Capacity Factor, kk1
= cb k1 (1 - cb * k2)
= 0.50 12.12 (1 - 0.50 0.4518)
= 4.6911 N/mm

BEAM GB1(200x500) SPAN NO. 1

FLEXURAL DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 5.7 kNm
Width, b = 200.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 459.0 mm
Mu / bd = 5.7 1000000 / (200.0 459.0) = 0.136 N/mm
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd < kk1
Mu / bd = 0.136 <= 4.691
Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam
Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 5.185 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 b x / 1000 = 12.12 200 5.185 / 1000 = 12.57 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc 1000 / (fy / s) = 12.57 1000 / (460 / 1.05) = 29 mm
Moment Capacity = Fc (d - k2 x) / 1000 = 12.57 (459.0 - 0.4518 5.185) / 1000 = 5.7 kNm
Maximum Depth of Section = 500.0 mm
Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.13% 200.0 500.0 = 130 mm

End Depth
(mm)
500
500
500
500

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 130 mm

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 130 mm
LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)
Design Bending Moment = 6.2 kNm
Width, b = 200.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 459.0 mm
Mu / bd = 6.2 1000000 / (200.0 459.0) = 0.147 N/mm
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd < kk1
Mu / bd = 0.147 <= 4.691
Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam
Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 5.609 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 b x / 1000 = 12.12 200 5.609 / 1000 = 13.60 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc 1000 / (fy / s) = 13.60 1000 / (460 / 1.05) = 32 mm
Moment Capacity = Fc (d - k2 x) / 1000 = 13.60 (459.0 - 0.4518 5.609) / 1000 = 6.2 kNm
Maximum Depth of Section = 500.0 mm
Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.13% 200.0 500.0 = 130 mm
Top Tension Steel Area Required = 130 mm
Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 130 mm
Additional Tension Steel Required along beam span, Ast = Ft / (fyy fy) = 0.7 10 / (0.9524 460) = 2 mm
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 0 mm
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 2 mm
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 131 mm
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 132 mm
Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm)
Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm)

SHEAR & TORSION DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SECTION 1 (B:0 mm E:400 mm from left grid of span)
Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm
Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 31.4 kN
Link Horizontal Dimension, h1 = b - 2 Side Cover - DiaLink = 200 - 2 25 - 6 = 144 mm
Link Vertical Dimension, v1 = h - 2 Cover - DiaLink = 500 - 2 25 - 6 = 444 mm
Dimension x1 = Min (h1, v1) = 144 mm, y1 = Max (h1, v1) = 444 mm
Section Dimension: Dmin = 200.0 mm, Dmax = 500.0 mm
Torsion Stress, st = 2 T 106 / (Dmin (Dmax - Dmin / 3)) = 0.00 N/mm
Effective depth, d = 459.0 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, ss = V 1000 / (b d) = 31.4 1000 / (200.0 459.0) = 0.34 N/mm
Part 2 : Clause 2.4.6 and Table 2.3
Maximum Combined Stress Allowed, tu = Min (0.8 fcu, 5) = 4.38 N/mm
Total Stress, Tot = ss + st = 0.34 + 0.00 = 0.34 N/mm tu (4.38 N/mm)
Checking for Combined Stress Allowed Pass
Part 2: Clause 2.4.5
Additional Checking While Small Cross Section (y1 < 550 mm)
Larger Link Dimension, y1 = 444.0 mm < 550 mm
tu y1 / 550 = 4.38 444.0 / 550 = 3.54 N/mm
st = 0.00 N/mm 3.54 N/mm
Checking for Torsion Stress Allowed Pass
Part 2 : Clause 2.4.6 Table 2.3

Torsion Strength contributed by concrete, t,min = Min (0.067 fcu, 0.4) = 0.37 N/mm
Torsion Stress, st = 0.00 N/mm < t,min = 0.37 N/mm -> No Torsion Reinforcement is needed
Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 27.7 kN
Part 2 : Clause 2.4.5, 2.4.6 Table 2.3
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, tu = Min (0.8 30, 5) = 4.38 N/mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, ss = V 1000 / (b d) = 27.7 1000 / (200.0 459.0) = 0.30 N/mm Max
(4.38 N/mm)
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass
Minimum Design Shear Stress, Min = 0.40 N/mm
Tension Steel Area Provided, Ast = 226 mm
- Table 3.8: Values of c, design concrete shear stress
Steel Percentage, 100 As / (bv d) = 0.25 % 3.0 %
Effective Depth Ratio, edr = 400 / d = 400 / 459.0 = 0.871
(400 / d)^ = 0.966 < 1, (400 / d)^ taken as 1
Minimum fcu, fcuMin = 25 N/mm, Concrete Grade Ratio, Min(fcu, 40) / fcuMin = 30 / 25 = 1.200
Concrete Shear Capacity, c = 0.79 {100 As / (bv d)} (400 / d) (fcu / 25) / m
= 0.79 {0.25} 1.000 (1.200) / 1.25 = 0.42 N/mm
Clause 3.4.5.12: eqn. 6a
VhM Ratio = V h / M = 27746 500.0 / 6205983 = 2.24 > 1.00
VhM Ratio taken as 1.00
Design Shear Capacity, c1' = c + 0.60 (N / Ac) VhM
= 0.421 + 0.60 (-665.5 / 100000.0) 1.00
= 0.417 N/mm
Clause 3.4.5.12: eqn. 6b
Design Shear Capacity, c2' = c SQRT[(1 + N / (Ac c)]
= 0.421 SQRT[(1 + -665.5 / (100000.0) 0.42]
= 0.418 N/mm
Design Shear Capacity, c2' > c1' --> Use c1' for design
ss = 0.302 < c' + 0.4, Provides only minimum link
Design for minimum Shear Stress, d = min = 0.40 N/mm
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = (vd b) / (fyy fy) = (0.40 200) / (0.95 220) = 0.382
mm/mm
ShearReinforcement Provided : R6-125 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)
ShearLink Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.452 mm/mm > 0.382 mm/mm

DEFLECTION CHECKING FOR SPAN

No Sagging Moment on Span, No Deflection Check is Proceeded.
Deflection check is not required for this span due to reverve behaviour which may be caused by uplift effect
or short span.

Beam Mark: GB1(200x500)

GENERAL AND DIMENSION DATA
Beam Located along grid A/1-2
Number of Span within beam = 3
Number of Section defined by user = 4
Number of Supports = 4
Beam Cantilever End = Nil.
Section Dimension Data
Span

Section

1
2
3
4

2
3

Length
(mm)
400
2025
1350
5025

Beam Support Data

Support
Type
1
Column
2
Column
3
Column
4
Column

Width
(mm)
200
200
200
200

Begin Depth
(mm)
500
500
500
500

Shape/Orientation
Rectangular
Rectangular
Rectangular
Rectangular

End Depth
(mm)
500
500
500
500

Dimensions/Material Properties
Area = 90000.0 mm, Height = 1500 mm
Area = 90000.0 mm, Height = 1500 mm
Area = 90000.0 mm, Height = 1500 mm
Area = 90000.0 mm, Height = 1500 mm

BEAM LOADING DATA

Beam Self-Weight
Section
Begin Dist.
1
0.0
2
400.0
3
2425.0
4
3775.0

End Dist.
400.0
2425.0
3775.0
8800.0

Beam FEM Loading

Beam
GB1(200x
500)
Beam External Loading
No.
Type
1
Brick
2
IBeams

Unit
kN
kN
kN
kN

DL
1.0
4.9
3.2
12.1

LL
0
0
0
0

Span Length

Unit

DL

LL

8800.0

kN

25.0

8.9

Unit
kN
kN

DL
154.00
27.56

LL
0.00
2.04

Start
0.0
2425.0

End
8800.0
2425.0

BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT AT MID SPAN

Number of Slabs on Plan = 10
Number of Slabs Pass = 10
Slab
FS1:1
Thk: 125 mm
FS2:1

Design
Status
Pass
Pass

Direction
Parallel
Perpendicular
Parallel

Span Length,
mm
3000
3775
1400

As Req,
mm/m
163
163
163

Reinforcement

Extra Info

15T10-250(BB)
12T10-250(BT)
10T10-250(BB)

Flexural
Flexural
Flexural

Thk: 125 mm
FS3:1
Thk: 125 mm
FS4:1
Thk: 125 mm
FS5:1
Thk: 125 mm
FS6:1
Thk: 125 mm
FS7:1
Thk: 125 mm
FS8:1
Thk: 125 mm
FS9:1
Thk: 125 mm
FS10:1
Thk: 125 mm

Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass

Perpendicular
Parallel
Perpendicular
Parallel
Perpendicular
Parallel
Perpendicular
Parallel
Perpendicular
Parallel
Perpendicular
Parallel
Perpendicular
Parallel
Perpendicular
Parallel
Perpendicular

2500
1600
2500
2200
2025
3900
3075
3900
3200
2200
400
3300
3775
2200
6375
3300
5025

163
163
163
163
163
163
163
163
163
163
163
163
163
163
163
179
180

5T10-250(BT)
10T10-250(BB)
6T10-250(BT)
8T10-250(BT)
8T10-250(BB)
12T10-250(BT)
15T10-250(BB)
12T10-250(BT)
15T10-250(BB)
1T10-250(BT)
8T10-250(BB)
15T10-250(BB)
13T10-250(BT)
25T10-250(BB)
8T10-250(BT)
20T10-250(BB)
13T10-250(BT)

Flexural
Flexural
Flexural
Flexural
Flexural
Flexural
Flexural
Flexural
Flexural
Flexural
Flexural
Flexural
Flexural
Flexural
Flexural
Flexural
Flexural