Hypercomplex Number
Hypercomplex Number
Hypercomplex Number
History
2 Denition
u 2 = a0 + a1 u
for some real numbers a0 and a1 . Using the common
method of completing the square by subtracting a1 u and
adding the quadratic complement a1 2 / 4 to both sides
yields
u 2 a1 u +
1
a21
4
= a0 +
a21
4 .
a21
4
a21
4
(
= u
)
a1 2
2
=u
2 so that
Imposing closure under multiplication generates a multivector space spanned by a basis of 2k elements, {1, e1 , e2 ,
e3 , ..., e1 e2 , ..., e1 e2 e3 , ...}. These can be interpreted as
the basis of a hypercomplex number system. Unlike the
basis {e1 , ..., ek}, the remaining basis elements may or
may not anti-commute, depending on how many simple
exchanges must be carried out to swap the two factors.
So e1 e2 = e2 e1 , but e1 (e2 e3 ) = +(e2 e3 )e1 .
4
4.1
Higher-dimensional
examples
(more than one non-real axis)
Cliord algebras
A Cliord algebra is the unital associative algebra generated over an underlying vector space equipped with a
quadratic form. Over the real numbers this is equivalent
to being able to dene a symmetric scalar product, uv =
(uv + vu) that can be used to orthogonalise the quadratic
form, to give a set of bases {e1 , ..., ek} such that:
{
1
2 (ei ej
+ ej ei ) =
1, 0, +1
0
i = j,
i = j.
4.3
Tensor products
3
split-octonions with basis {1, i1 , . . . , i7 } satisfying i21 = i22 = i23 = 1 , i24 = = i27 =
+1.
4.2
CayleyDickson construction
5 See also
Thomas Kirkman
Georg Scheers
Richard Brauer
Hypercomplex analysis
6 References
[1] Linear Associative Algebra (1881) American Journal of
Mathematics 4(1):2216
[2] Adams, J. F. (July 1960). On the Non-Existence of Elements of Hopf Invariant One. Annals of Mathematics.
72 (1): 20104. doi:10.2307/1970147. JSTOR 1970147.
[3] Thomas Hawkins (1972) Hypercomplex numbers, Lie
groups, and the creation of group representation theory,
Archive for History of Exact Sciences 8:24387
EXTERNAL LINKS
lie Cartan (1908) Les systmes de nombres complex et les groupes de transformations, Encyclopdie des sciences mathmatiques pures et appliques I 1. and Ouvres Completes T.2 pt. 1, pp
107246.
Max Herzberger (1923) Ueber Systeme hyperkomplexer Grssen, doctoral dissertation at Frederick
William University.
Jeanne La Duke (1983) The study of linear associative algebras in the United States, 18701927,
see pp. 147159 of Emmy Noether in Bryn Mawr
Bhama Srinivasan & Judith Sally editors, Springer
Verlag.
Silviu Olariu (2002) Complex Numbers in N Dimensions, North-Holland Mathematics Studies #190,
Elsevier ISBN 0-444-51123-7 .
Irene Sabadini, Michael Shapiro & Frank Sommen,
editors (2009) Hypercomplex Analysis and Applications Birkhauser ISBN 978-3-7643-9892-7 .
Henry Taber (1904) On Hypercomplex Number
Systems, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 5:509.
Joseph Wedderburn (1908) On Hypercomplex
Numbers, Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 6:77118.
8 External links
[14] Sky Brewer (2013) Projective Cross-ratio on Hypercomplex Numbers, Advances in Applied Cliord Algebras
23(1):114
Further reading
Daniel Alfsmann (2006) On families of 2^N dimensional hypercomplex algebras suitable for digital signal processing, 14th European Signal Processing Conference, Florence, Italy.
Emil Artin (1928) Zur Theorie der hyperkomplexen Zahlen and Zur Arithmetik hyperkomplexer Zahlen, in The Collected Papers of Emil
Artin, Serge Lang and John T. Tate editors, pp 301
45, Addison-Wesley, 1965.
Baez, John (2002), The Octonions, Bulletin of
the American Mathematical Society, 39: 145205,
doi:10.1090/S0273-0979-01-00934-X, ISSN 00029904
Hypercomplex.info
Weisstein, Eric W. Hypercomplex number.
MathWorld.
E. Study, On systems of complex numbers and their
application to the theory of transformation groups
(English translation)
G. Frobenius, Theory of hypercomplex quantities
(English translation)
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