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    Bernoulli

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    lllll
    The document discusses Bernoulli's principle, which states that an increase in the velocity of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. This is demonstrated in the example of fluid flowing through a constricted path, where the kinetic energy increases at the expense of pressure energy as the velocity increases in the constricted region. Three problems are then presented and solved using Bernoulli's equation to relate pressure, velocity, elevation, and other variables at different points in fluid flows.

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    Bernoulli

    Uploaded by

    lllll
    258 views2 pages
    The document discusses Bernoulli's principle, which states that an increase in the velocity of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. This is demonstrated in the example of fluid flowing through a constricted path, where the kinetic energy increases at the expense of pressure energy as the velocity increases in the constricted region. Three problems are then presented and solved using Bernoulli's equation to relate pressure, velocity, elevation, and other variables at different points in fluid flows.

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    The document discusses Bernoulli's principle, which states that an increase in the velocity of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. This is demonstrated in the example of fluid flowing through a constricted path, where the kinetic energy increases at the expense of pressure energy as the velocity increases in the constricted region. Three problems are then presented and solved using Bernoulli's equation to relate pressure, velocity, elevation, and other variables at different points in fluid flows.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    258 views2 pages

    Bernoulli

    Uploaded by

    lllll
    The document discusses Bernoulli's principle, which states that an increase in the velocity of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. This is demonstrated in the example of fluid flowing through a constricted path, where the kinetic energy increases at the expense of pressure energy as the velocity increases in the constricted region. Three problems are then presented and solved using Bernoulli's equation to relate pressure, velocity, elevation, and other variables at different points in fluid flows.

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    Bernoullis Principle

    The Bernoulli Equation can be considered to be a statement of the conservation of


    energy principle appropriate for flowing fluids. The qualitative behavior that is usually
    labeled with the term "Bernoulli effect" is the lowering of fluid pressure in regions
    where the flow velocity is increased. This lowering of pressure in a constriction of a
    flow path may seem counterintuitive, but seems less so when you consider pressure
    to be energy density. In the high velocity flow through the constriction, kinetic energy
    must increase at the expense of pressure energy.

    Problem # 1:
    Water at a gauge pressure of 3.8 atm at street level flows in to an office building at
    a speed of 0.06 m/s through a pipe 5.0 cm in diameter. The pipes taper down to
    2.6cm in diameter by the top floor, 20 m above. Calculate the flow velocity and the
    gauge pressure in such a pipe on the top floor. Assume no branch pipe and ignore
    viscosity.

    Solution:
    By continuity equation:
    v2 = (A1v1) / A2 = ( (5.0 / 2)2 (0.60) ) / ( (2.6 / 2)2)
    v2 = 2.2 m/s
    By Bernoullis Equation:
    P1 + gh1 + (v1)2 = P2 + gh2 + (v2)2
    (Po = atmospheric pressure)
    P2 = (3.8 x Po) + Po + (1000)(0.6)2 (1000)(9.8)(20) (1000)(2.2)2
    P2 = 2.8 x 105 Pa

    Problem # 2:
    If the pump at one end of the hose and the nozzle at the otherend are at the same
    height, and if the pressure at the nozzleis 1.00 atm, what is the pressure at the
    pump outlet?

    Solution:
    Find the velocity at the first position ,let it be V1
    V1 = Iv/A
    = 2.7 x 10-3 / x 1.3225 x 10-4
    = 6.5 m/s
    Using Bernoulli equation
    P1 +gh + v12 = p2 + gh + V22
    The second term gets canceled on both sides. We get ,
    V2 = V12 + 2( P1 P2) / density of water
    = (6.5)2 + 2( 142 101)1000/1000 1/2
    = 11.146 m/s
    Using the formula
    A1V1 = A2 V2
    D2 = d1 (V1 /V2)1/2
    = 2.3 (6.5 / 11.146)1/2
    Answer: D2= 1.756 cm

    Problem # 3:
    Water flows at 0.563 m/s through a 3.20-cm diameter hosethat terminates in a
    0.295-cm diameter nozzle. Assume lam-inar non-viscous steady-state flow. At what
    speed does thewater pass through the nozzle?

    Solution:
    According to Bernoulli principle ;
    A1V1 = A2 V2
    r12 V1 =r22 V2
    R12 V1 = r22 V2
    (3.2/2)2 (0.563) = (0.295/2)2 V2
    1.44128 = 0.02175625 V2
    Answer: V2 = 66.2467 m/s

    A fountain designed to spray a column of water 11.1 m into


    the air has a 1.33-cm-diameter nozzle at ground level. The
    water pump is 3.14 m below the ground. The pipe to the
    nozzle has a diameter of 2.66 cm. Find the pump pressure
    necessary if the fountain is to operate as designed. (Assume
    laminar nonviscous steady-state flow).

    Solution:
    Use the Equation
    P1 + gh + v12 = P2 + gh +1/2 V22
    P1 3.14g + Vn2/16 = Patm + Vn2
    Vn2 = (2gh)1/2
    = (2x 9.81 x 11.1)1/2
    = 14.757 m/s
    P1 3.14 x 9.81 x 1000 + 0.5 x 1000x 217.782 /16
    = 1.01 x 105 + 0.5 x 1000 x 217.782
    P1 0.308 x 105 + 0.06805 x 105 = 1.01 x 105 + 1.0889 x 105
    P1 = (1.01+1.0889 +0.3 0.06805) x 105
    = 2.3308 x105
    Answer: P1= 233.08 kPa

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